OHIO
Archaeological and Historical
PUBLICATIONS.
SIMON KENTON.
PROF. R. W. M'FARLAND.
SECTION I.
PRELIMINARY NOTE.
It may seem to many people that enough
has already been
written both of Boone and Kenton: the
first having been the
most prominent early settler of
Kentucky; the second having
been the scout who did probably more
than any one else, not ex-
cepting Boone himself, to save the
settlers from the tomahawk
and scalping knife of the Indian. By
Boone's own account, it
appears that he, John Finley, John
Stewart, and three others left
their homes on the Yadkin river, North
Carolina "in quest of the
country of Kentucky. This was in May,
1769, and 'on the 7th'
day of June following, we found
ourselves on Red river, the
northernmost branch of the Kentucky
river."
The party continued hunting with great
success throughout
the summer and fall, as late as December
22d. Soon after this
date, Stewart was killed by the Indians,
the first victim to fall,
so far as is known. Estimates of the number
of men, women,
and children killed by the savages from
1770 to 1790, vary from
fifteen hundred or two thousand. No one
puts the number be-
low the smaller of these two numbers. Of
course the exact
number can never be known; but it is an
appalling list, viewed
in any light whatever.
Vol. XIII.- 1. (1)
2 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
It should be noted that before the year
1774, the only per-
sons in Kentucky were the early hunters
and explorers. It is
true that Boone, and a company of about
forty persons, had
attempted to reach the new country in
the fall of 1773, but on
the 10th of October, they were attacked
by Indians, and six of
the white men killed, and one wounded.
This occurred in
Powell's valley, not far from Cumberland
Gap. The rest re-
turned without delay.
In the great amount and rush of business
in all parts of this
country, there is some probability that
too little attention may be
given to the history of the early
settlements or attempted settle-
ments:- to the dangers, the distress,
the heroic courage, and
the long endurance of the "Hunters
of Kentucky."
Many sketches of Kenton's life have been
written, some
with, and some without adequate
knowledge of the subject.
Preparatory to writing this sketch, the
writer hereof spent a
week in the State Library at Columbus,
examining the various
accounts found there. To show the
uncritical way in which so-
called History is too often written, it
may be proper to state that
in these various publications it was
found that Kenton was born
in two different counties, at six
different dates, and that he died
on three different days.
Of the sketches above referred to, the
two which stray fur-
thest from the truth are, the one in the
American Magazine of His-
tory, printed several years ago, and the
article in Harper's Mag-
azine for February, 1864. The latter
account seems to have been
written with "malice
prepense," the author having absolutely no
proper conception of the character which
he professed to set
forth; -the other may be properly
characterized as "apocry-
phal," having the setting of a
fairy story, and the lineaments of
a myth.
The account written in 1838 by Col. John
McDonald of Ross
County, a companion of Kenton in several
expeditions against the
Indians, is a story of a very different
cast, and sets the man be-
fore you in the proper light. So, also,
is the account written in
1832, by John A. McClung, of Kentucky.
This latter sketch was
regarded by Kenton's friends and
relations as being strictly cor-
rect, as far as it goes, but it does not
profess to be a complete ac-
Simon Kenton. 3
count, merely sketches of the principal
events in his remarkable
career.
In the several accounts given by the
various parties there are
irreconcilable contraditions. Of course
there is error some-
where. Reference will be made to several
of these cases in the
course of this narrative.
In the April number of this Journal for
1903,
appeared an
article which showed the opportunities
enjoyed by the writer of
this sketch of becoming acquainted with
the life and character of
Simon Kenton, and to that article
reference may be had by all
who may care to know the particulars. By
reason of the state-
ments therein set forth, and the several
minor notices of Ken-
ton which have appeared in the
Quarterly, I have been requested
to give some account of the life and
character of Kenton, whose
checkered career as pioneer, scout, and
spy for about twenty-five
years, has no parallel in the annals of
the West.
At the unveiling of the Kenton monument
in the Urbana
cemetery in 1884, General Keifer in his
address on that occasion,
said, "A long life of hardy
adventures, with unexampled courage,
and a devoted patriotism in the cause of
his country, justly stamp
him as illustrious."
SECTION II.
THE KENTON FAMILY.
In connection with this sketch of Simon
Kenton, it may be
well to give some account of the Kenton
family, - no such ac-
count, so far as I know, having ever
been printed; and most peo-
ple prefer to know something of the
surroundings of the princi-
pal character.
Mark Kenton, Simon's father, was born in
Ireland, March
1, 1701. On his arrival in this country he made his way to
northern Virginia. His wife was of
Scotch descent. Their old-
est child, William, was born September 20, 1737. Other
sons
were Benjamin, Mark, Simon, and John.
There was one sis-
ter, whether more, I do not know, the
record not being complete.
Benjamin was a soldier in the
revolutionary war, and died in
Philadelphia in the course of the war.
Mark, born 1749, was
also a soldier, and died in 1785. Simon
was born April 3, 1755,
4 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
and John in 1757. After the latter came
west, he lived many years
in Mason county, Kentucky, but the date
of his death is not found
in the Kenton family record.
Whether the father lived in Culpepper or
Fauquier county,
the record does not say: some writers
give one county; some the
other as Simon's birthplace. However it
may be, it is certain
that when the Kenton kindred went west
in 1783, the leader of
the colony, William, the oldest son of
Mark, moved from Fau-
quier county; the record so states the
fact. William Kenton
and his family of six children, the
father, Mark, and about forty
others, neighbors and friends, left
Fauquier county, September
16, 1783, and reached the Monongahela,
in the vicinity of Red-
stone, (now Brownsville, Pa.) about the
middle of October.
The father, being in his eighty-third
year, was very feeble,
and died just before the company reached
the river, and was
buried on the bank of that stream. For
some days previous to
his death he was carried on a horse
litter. This consisted of two
long poles, one end of each being
fastened to the collar of a horse,
and the other end resting on the ground
ten or twelve feet to the
rear of the horse. To these poles cross
pieces were fastened, and
a cot was then firmly tied on this rude
frame, and the invalid
bound to the cot. The company, having
procured boats, and
laid in a supply of provisions,
ammunition, etc., embarked for
the falls of the Ohio, Louisville, and
reached that point about the
first of December, 1783. Thence the
family moved to the vicin-
ity of Harrodsburg, and remained about
ten years. Then they
moved to Mason county, a few miles
inland from Limestone,
(now Maysville) and remained until 1801,
when there was a
general emigration of the kindred to the
valley of Mad river, in
what subsequently became Champaign
county, Ohio. They lo-
cated in the western half of the county,
their land extending
from the river westwardly two or three
miles, and lying north
of the village of Westville.
By this time William's children were
mostly grown, and sev-
eral of them were married. There were
Philip, Thomas, William,
Mark, Elizabeth, Jane, and Mary of the
one family. Simon had
preceded his brother by two years, and
together with half a dozen
other families, had erected a sort of
fort a couple of miles north-
Simon Kenton. 5
wardly from the present site of
Springfield. This was before
either Springfield or Urbana was laid
out, the former being laid
out in 1801, and the latter in 1805,
Champaign being set off in
1803 and Clark in 1817. In those early
days Mad River was
sometimes called Chillicothe River. The
early settlers knew
when they found a good country; and
whoever knows the Mad
River valley, knows that it is about as
fine a stretch of land as
any the sun shines on.
Intermarried with the Kentons either
before or after their
removal to this state, were persons of
several names, Arrow-
smith, Talbot, Corwin, Bayles, Haller,
McCord, Cheatham, Mc-
Ginnis, McFarland, Osborn, Chance,
Putman, Mouser, Sears,
Russell, Phillips, Lewis, Dowden, Owens,
and others, names well
known in Champaign county as among the
pioneers of the Mad
River valley in the first quarter of the
last century. It appears
therefore that a goodly number of the
relatives of Simon Kenton
enjoyed the bounties of the country
which he had so long served,
as Indian scout and spy, and as the
intrepid soldier.
After these preliminaries we come to the
main topic of this
article.
SECTION III.
SIMON KENTON.
The counties of Fauquier and Culpepper are
contiguous and
are situated about fifty miles
westwardly from Washington City.
Of course it is well known that this
city was not laid out till near
the close of the eighteenth century; and
it is referred to here
merely as a convenient way of locating
places for the benefit of
such as may wish easy rather than
elaborate reference.
Simon's early life was passed on the
farm with his father
and other members of the family. But
there is no specific ac-
count of his work or his words till he
was about sixteen years old.
Then occurred an event which changed the
whole current of his
humble life, and started him on a career
which for wild ad-
venture, hair-breadth escapes, for grand
service rendered to his
fellow pioneers, has never been equaled;
a career extending over
about twenty-five years, not the
"piping times of peace," but
times of unbroken war from year to year,
from month to month,
6 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
and sometimes from day to day. Through all this long fight of the pioneers of Kentucky for the possession of the land, there was no force sent against the savage foe, but in front of that |
|
force, as spy and scout, Kenton was found, and the service ren- dered does not admit of calculation. And the private and per- sonal expeditions came oftener than the seasons, and there was scarcely a month in that long series of years in which Kenton did not risk his own life for the sake of his fellow pioneers. It |
Simon Kenton. 7
is natural that such a career should be
the center around which
mythical story and weird legend should
gather.
But to return to the unpleasant incident
above referred to.
Even in regard to this event there are
conflicting accounts, one
of which had a great variety of
particulars, which can not pos-
sibly be all true, and it is far more
likely that all are false, and
were invented in order to round out the
trumped-up story. Be-
fore Kenton was sixteen years of age, he
fell in love with a
neighbor's daughter, as did also another
young man of the vi-
cinity. The general outline of this
story is here inserted because
it is found in several of the sketches
of Kenton's life, copied, I
judge, by the later writers. I do not
know who first wrote up
the story. It is to this effect, that on
the occasion of the mar-
riage of his rival to his sweetheart
Kenton went unbidden to the
wedding and made himself disagreeable to
the company by his
unseemly conduct; that his rival, here
called William Veach,
gave Kenton a severe drubbing; others
say that the drubbing
was administered by the bridegroom's
brother and friends, that
in consequence, Kenton subsequently
sought out his successful
rival and had the personal rencounter
which sent Kenton to the
wild west under an assumed name. Below
is the account of the
affair as given by McClung in his
"Sketches of Western Ad-
venture." About two years after
Simon's death I read Mc-
Clung's account to Thomas Kenton,
Simon's nephew, a man who
was closely associated with Simon for
fifty years, and who was,
at the time of the reading, in strong
and vigorous old age of
about seventy years. Inasmuch as this
man had not learned to
read, I read McClung's story very
carefully, repeating large parts
of it again and again in order that he
might fully understand all
that the historian intended to say, and
see that it corresponded
with his own knowledge of the case. His
comment will be given
further on. Here is what McClung says:
"At the age of sixteen, by an
unfortunate adventure, he was
launched into life, with no other
fortune than a stout heart and a
robust set of limbs. It seems that,
young as he was, his heart
had become entangled in the snares of a
young coquette in the
neighborhood, who was grievously
perplexed by the necessity of
choosing one husband out of many lovers.
Young Kenton and
8
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
a robust farmer by the name of Leitchman
seem to have been the
most favored suitors, and the young
lady, not being able to
decide on their respective merits, they
took the matter into their
own hands, and in consequence of foul
play on the part of
Leitchman's friends, young Kenton was
beaten with great se-
verity. He submitted to his fate, for a
time, in silence, but in-
ternally vowed that as soon as he had
obtained his full growth,
he would take ample vengeance upon his
rival, for the disgrace
which he had sustained at his hands. He
waited patiently until
the following spring, when, finding
himself six feet high, and
full of health and action, he determined
to delay the hour of ret-
ribution no longer. He, accordingly
walked over to Leitchman's
house one morning, and, finding him
busily engaged in carrying
shingles from the woods to his own
house, he stopped him and
told him his object, and desired him to
adjourn to a spot more
convenient for the purpose. Leitchman,
confident in his superior
age and strength, was not backward in
testifying his willingness
to indulge him in so amiable a pastime,
and having reached a
solitary spot in the wood they both
stripped and prepared for the
encounter. The battle was fought with
all the fury which nat-
ural hate, jealousy, and herculean power
on both sides could sup-
ply; and after a severe round in which
considerable damage was
done and received, Kenton was brought to
the ground. Leitch-
man (as usual in Virginia) sprung upon
him without the least
scruple, and added the most bitter
taunts to the kicks with which
he saluted him from his head to his
heels, reminding him of his
former defeat, and rubbing salt into the
raw wounds of jeal-
ousy by triumphant allusions to his own
superiority both in love
and war. During these active operations
on the part of Leitch-
man, Kenton lay perfectly still, eying
attentively a small bush
which grew near them. It instantly
occurred to him, that if he
could wind Leitchman's hair, (which was
remarkably long,)
around this bush, he would be able to
return the kicks which
were now bestowed upon him in such
profusion. The difficulty
was to get his antagonist near enough.
This he at length ef-
fected in the good old Virginia style,
viz.: by biting him en ar-
riere, and compelling him by short springs to approach the
bush,
much as a bullock is goaded on to
approach the fatal ring, where
Simon Kenton. 9
all his struggles are useless. When near
enough Kenton sud-
denly exerted himself violently, and
succeeded in wrapping the
long hair of his rival around the
sapling. He then sprang to his
feet and inflicted a terrible revenge
for all his past injuries. In
a few minutes Leitchman was gasping,
apparently in the agonies
of death. Kenton instantly fled, without
returning for an addi-
tional supply of clothing, and directed
his steps westward. This
was on April 6, 1771. During the first
day of his journey he
traveled in much agitation. He supposed
that Leitchman was
dead, and that the hue and cry would
instantly be raised after
himself as the murderer. The constant
apprehension of the gal-
lows lent wings to his flight, and he
scarcely allowed himself a
moment for refreshment, until he had
reached the neighborhood
of Warm Springs, where the settlements
were thin and the im-
mediate danger of pursuit was over.
Here, he fortunately fell
in with an exile from the state of New
Jersey, by the name of
Johnson, who was traveling westward on
foot, and driving a
single pack horse, laden with a few
necessaries, before him.
They soon became acquainted, related
their adventures to each
other, and agreed to travel together.
They plunged boldly into
the wilderness of the Alleghany
mountains, and subsisting upon
wild game, and a small amount of flour
which Johnson had
brought with him, they made no halt
until they arrived at a small
settlement on Cheat river, one of the
prongs of the Monongha-
hela. Here the two friends separated,
and Kenton, (who had
assumed the name of Butler,) attached
himself to a small com-
pany, headed by John Mahon and Jacob
Greathouse who had
united for the purpose of exploring the
country." So far, Mc-
Clung.
It is sufficient to say that the company
fitted themselves out
with a canoe or two and with the
supplies deemed necessary, and
floated down the river to a settlement.
Here Kenton fell in with
two men named Yeager and Strader, the
former of whom had
been captured when a child, and had
passed many years with the
Indians. He gave glowing accounts of a
country called Kain-
tuckee, lying on the south side of the
Ohio river. He claimed that
for fertility of soil, luxuriant
vegetation, and general excellence.
there was no country equal to it; that
it was entirely uninhabi-
10
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
ted, but was used as hunting grounds by
the various tribes, for
there were immense droves of buffalo and
elks and other animals
sought after by hunters. He claimed also
that he would be able
to recognize the place where the Indians
were accustomed to
cross the river. Kenton's curiosity was
aroused, and procuring
a canoe, the three men floated down the
Ohio for days in search
of the goodly land. They probably
reached the vicinity of Mays-
ville, but not finding what they
expected, they retraced their
course up the river, somewhat inclined
to rally Yeager for his
glowing description of the undiscovered
country; but Yeager
still insisting that he was right. On
their way up the river they
examined, to some extent, the country on
the Big and Little
Sandy, the Guyandotte, and other
streams, and finally went up
the Great Kanawha as far as the Elk
river, not far from the
present site of Charleston. Here they
hunted through the re-
mainder of the year, and in the early
part of 1772, took their
peltries to the Ohio, and exchanged with
the traders of Pitts-
burg for necessary supplies of
provisions and ammunition.
Returning to their hunting grounds they
passed the re-
mainder of the year in their usual way.
In March, 1773, while
in camp, the three hunters were fired on
by Indians, Strader
being killed. Kenton and Yeager barely
escaped with their lives,
being compelled to abandon guns,
blankets, and provisions, and
committing themselves to the wilderness,
"without means of
sheltering themselves from the cold,
procuring a morsel of food,
or even kindling a fire." They
started for the Ohio, allaying
their hunger during the first two days
by chewing such roots as
they could find on the way. "On the
third day their strength
began to fail, and the keen appetite
which had at first constantly
tortured them, was succeeded by nausea,
accompanied with diz-
ziness and a sinking of the heart
bordering on despair. On the
fourth day they threw themselves on the
ground, determined to
await the approach of death, and were as
often stimulated by
the instinctive love of life to arise
and resume their journey. On
the fifth day they were completely
exhausted, and were able only
to crawl at intervals. In this manner
they traveled about a mile
during the day, and succeeded by sunset
in reaching the banks of
the Ohio. Here, to their inexpressible
joy, they encountered a
Simon Kenton. 11
party of traders, from whom they
obtained a comfortable sup-
ply of provisions."
The traders were not pleased with the
dangerous situation,
and returned at once to the mouth of the
Little Kanawha, a place
of comparative safety. Here they met Dr.
Briscoe at the head of
another exploring party. Of him Kenton
obtained a rifle and
ammunition and again plunged alone into
the forest, and hunted
with success until the summer of '73 was
far advanced." He
then returned to the Little Kanawha and
"found a party of four-
teen men under the direction of Dr. Wood
and Hancock Lee
who were descending the Ohio with the
view of joining Capt.
Bullitt, who was supposed to be at the
mouth of the Scioto, with
a large party on his way to Kentucky.
Kenton joined Dr.
Wood's company, and they descended the
river in canoes as far
as the Three Islands, frequently
stopping and examining the
country on both sides of the Ohio. At
these islands they were
alarmed by the approach of a large party
of Indians. They
abandoned their canoes, and struck
across the wilderness in the
direction of the settlements in the
Greenbrier country. This re-
treat was coupled with extra danger,
because Wood was bitten
by a copperhead snake, and the company
was compelled to wait
about two weeks until the Doctor was
able to travel. But at
length they reached the settlements in
safety. Kenton, not car-
ing to return to the older parts of
Virginia, built a canoe at some
point on the Monongahela, and again went
to the Great Kanawha,
and hunted until the spring of 1774,
when war broke out with
the Indians, chiefly on account of the
murder of Logan's rela-
tions by some evil-disposed white men.
Lord Dunmore, Gov-
ernor of Virginia, raised two large
bodies of troops, with a view
of conquering a peace. One division was
commanded by Col.
Lewis, and marched from the central
parts of Virginia to the
mouth of the Great Kanawha, where the
celebrated battle of
Point Pleasant was fought on October 10,
1774. Lord Dun-
more's division went down the river from
Pittsburg to the mouth
of the Hocking, built a fort, and then
advanced towards the
Pickaway plains on the Scioto. Kenton
and Simon Girty were
two of Dunmore's scouts, and their weeks
of service together
laid a foundation for friendship which
on a later occasion re-
12 Ohio Arch. and Hist.
Society Publications.
suited in rescuing Kenton from the
stake. These men carried
dispatches from Dunmore to Lewis before
the battle, but neither
of the scouts was in the fight, having
set out on the return
journey.
In the year 1775 Girty left the whites
and took up his abode
with the Indians, and became one of
them. Two or three of
Girty's brothers had been captured in
boyhood and were living
with different tribes. Shortly after the
battle of Point Pleasant,
the remainder of Lewis's forces joined
Dunmore on the Scioto,
and a treaty was made with the Shawnees,
after which the troops
returned to Virginia.
Kenton's services as scout being for the
time at an end, and
for a youth only nineteen years of age,
having had very wide
experience as a hunter and scout, he
still thought of the wonder-
ful land on the Ohio, as described by
Yeager years before.
Wherefore very early in the spring of
1775 he and two compan-
ions set off in a canoe to search once
more for the enchanted land.
They went as far down as Big Bone creek,
miles below North
Bend. Making extensive search in that
region and not finding
what he was looking for, the party
returned up the river as far
as Cabin creek above the site of
Maysville. Here they debarked
and struck across the country,
determined to find out whether or
not such a paradise was in existence. A
few miles back from
the river they were greatly pleased with
the beauty of the land,
and the evidences of great fertility of
the soil. At length they
fell in with a great buffalo trace which
in a few hours brought
them to the Lower Blue Lick. The flats
on both sides of the
river being crowded with great herds of
buffalo, which had come
to the salt licks; a number of deer
appeared on the ridges near
by, and the great object of their search
was attained. And so
pleased were they that the exploration
was continued towards the
south, until they had traversed, in
great part, the land now con-
stituting the counties of Scott,
Woodford, Fayette, Montgomery,
and one or two others. Finding another
buffalo trace they fol-
lowed it to the Upper Blue Lick, on
their return route. This
expedition had brought to their view a
country superior to any
that Yeager had led them to expect, and
they determined at
once to establish more permanent
quarters. In all this long
Simon Kenton. 13
tramp they did not find any indications
of white men. Butler, in
his history of Kentucky, says that the
first log cabin in Ken-
tucky was bulit by James Harrod in 1774,
on the present site of
Harrodsburg, that it was occupied but a
short time when the
hostilities of the Indians caused the
inhabitants to withdraw till
the next year. Butler also says,
"It was not until the 14th of
June, 1775, that the first fort
of the white man was built in Ken-
tucky."
The place was called Boonesborough, was
in what is now
Madison county and about twenty miles
southeasterly from Lex-
ington. In executing their purpose of
permanent quarters, Ken-
ton and his companions returned to the
mouth of Cabin creek,
and then up the Ohio a few miles to the
place where they had
deposited some stores, axes, hoes, etc.,
which they had brought
from the Little Kanawha. Returning they
built a cabin about
where Washington now stands, cleared an
acre or so in the midst
of a large canebrake, and planted it in
corn. It is claimed that
this was the first corn raised north of
the Licking river. Where-
fore Kenton may be considered as among
the very first settlers
of Kentucky, for his cabin was built
before the "first fort," and
it was occupied by the three men before
the return of Harrod's
party to his abandoned cabin, in the
latter part of 1775. Stroll-
ing about the country they fell in with
two men near the Lower
Blue Lick. They were destitute of guns,
and supplies of every
kind, apparently lost in the wilderness.
The men claimed that a
few days before while coming down the
Ohio, their boat was
capsized in a squall, that their guns,
ammunition, and supplies of
every kind were lost, and that they were
attempting to find their
way back to Virginia through the woods.
They gave their
names as Fitzpatrick and Hendricks.
McClung says, Kenton in-
formed them of the small settlement
which he had opened at
Washington, and invited them to join him
and share such for-
tune as providence might bestow.
Hendricks consented to re-
main, but Fitzpatrick, being heartily
sick of the woods, insisted
upon returning to the Monongahela.
Kenton and his two friends
accompanied Fitzpatrick to "the
point" as it was then called,
being the spot where Maysville now
stands; and having given
him a gun, etc., assisted him in
crossing the river, and took leave
14
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
of him on the other side. In the
meantime Hendricks had been
left at the Blue Lick without a gun, but
with a good supply of
provisions, until the party should
return from the river. As
soon as Fitzpatrick had gone, Kenton and
his two friends hast-
ened to return to the Lick, not doubting
for a moment that they
would find Hendricks in camp as they had
left him. Upon ar-
riving at the point where the tent had
stood, however, they were
alarmed at finding it deserted, with
evident marks of violence
around it. Several bullet holes were to
be seen in the poles of
which it was constructed, and various
articles belonging to Hen-
dricks were tossed about in too
negligent a manner to warrant
the belief that it had been done by him.
At a little distance from
the camp, in a low ravine they observed
a thick smoke, as if from
a fire just beginning to burn. They did
not doubt for a moment
that Hendricks had fallen into the hands
of the Indians." And
not knowing how large the party might
be, the returning party
beat a hasty retreat, and remained away
until evening of the next
day, when they returned and cautiously
reconnoitered the place.
The Indians were gone, but the skull and
bones of their friend
too plainly revealed the manner of his
death. They sadly re-
traced their steps to their cabin in the
canebrake, pondering on
the insecurity of their own condition,
and the danger to which
they were daily exposed, from the
numerous bands of Indians
who were prowling around in every
direction.
They remained, however, entirely
undiscovered and undis-
turbed until the month of September,
when again visiting the
Lick they saw a white man who informed
them that the interior
of the country was already occupied by
the whites, and that there
was a flourishing settlement at
Boonesborough. Being highly
gratified by this intelligence, they
broke up their encampment
near the river and visited the various
stations which had been
erected at different points in the
interior.
In the years 1776 and 1777 the Indians
were very trouble-
some. In the old edition of Collins's
History of Kentucky, p.
385, we find the following incident.
"The incursions into the
country by the savage foe were frequent
and bloody, and every
station was hotly besieged,
Boonesborough sustaining three. To
watch the Indians and give timely notice
of their approach, six
Simon Kenton. 15
spies were appointed, for the payment of whom Major Clark
pledged the faith of Virginia. Boone
appointed Kenton and
Thomas Brooks; Harrod appointed Samuel
Moore and Bates
Collier; and Logan, John Conrad and John
Martin. These spies
performed good service. It was the
custom for two each week
by turns, to range up and down the Ohio,
and about the deserted
stations, looking for Indian signs, etc.
On one occasion, Kenton and two others
early in the morn-
ing, having loaded their guns for a
hunt, were standing in the
gate of Boonesborough, when two men in
the fields were fired on
by the Indians. They immediately fled,
not being hurt. The
Indians pursued them, and a warrior
overtook and tomahawked
one of the men within seventy yards of
the fort, and proceeded
leisurely to scalp him. Kenton shot the
daring savage dead,
and immediately, with his hunting
companions, gave chase to the
others. Boone, hearing the noise, with
ten men hastened out to
the assistance of the spies. Kenton
turned and observed an In-
dian taking aim at the party of Boone;
quick as thought he
brought his rifle to his shoulder,
pulled the trigger first, and the
red man bit the dust. Boone having
advanced some distance,
now discovered that his small party,
consisting of fourteen men,
were cut off from the fort by a large
body of the foe, which had
got between him and the gate. There was
no time to be lost:
Boone gave the word, "Right about -
fire - charge," and the
intrepid hunters dashed in among their
adversaries, in a des-
perate endeavor to reach the fort. At
the first fire from the In-
dians, seven of the fourteen whites were
wounded, among the
number, the gallant Boone, whose leg was
broken, which
stretched him on the ground. An Indian
sprang on him with
uplifted tomahawk, but before the blow
descended, Kenton,
everywhere present, rushed upon the
warrior, discharged his gun
into his heart, and bore his leader into
the fort. When the gate
was closed and all things secure, Boone
sent for Kenton. "Well,
Simon," said the pioneer, "You
have behaved yourself like a man
to-day; indeed you are a fine
fellow." This was great praise
from Boone, who was a silent man, little
given to compliment.
Kenton had deserved the eulogium: he had
saved the life of his
captain and killed three Indians,
without having time to scalp any
16
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
one of them. There was little time to spare, we may well be-
lieve, when Kenton could not stop to
take a scalp."
Very early in the year 1778, General
George Rogers Clark
started on his renowned expedition
against Kaskaskia and other
Illinois towns. Kenton was employed by
Clark as a scout.
When the expedition was completed Kenton
was sent back with
dispatches to the general government. He
and his two or three
companions took Vincennes in their
route, procured a couple of
horses for each man, and on reaching
White river, a few miles
on the way from Vincennes, their horses
were re-taken by the
Indians just after passing the river,
and the men saved them-
selves by hiding until night fall, when
they escaped and brought
the dispatches through, but with
adventures not here related, al-
though of the usual characteristic
variety.
Shortly after this affair Boone and
Kenton concerted an ex-
pedition against a small Indian town on
Paint creek, not far from
the present city of Chillicothe. In
addition to the two men
named there were nineteen others. The
following is McClung's
account. "Kenton acted as a spy on
this expedition, and after
crossing the Ohio, being some distance
in advance of the rest,
[and now not far from the Paint creek
town,] he was suddenly
startled by hearing a loud laugh from an
adjoining thicket, which
he was about to enter. Instantly
halting, he took his station
behind a tree, and awaited anxiously for
a repetiton of the noise.
In a few minutes two Indians approached
the spot where he lay,
both mounted upon a small pony, and
laughing and chatting in
high good humor. [The Indians were
riding back to back.] Hav-
ing permitted them to approach within
good rifle distance, he
raised his gun, and aiming at the breast
of the foremost pulled
the trigger. Both Indians fell, the one
shot dead, the other se-
verely wounded. Their frightened pony
galloped back into the
cane, giving the alarm to the rest of
the party who were some
distance in the rear. Kenton instantly
ran up to scalp the dead
man and to tomahawk his wounded
companion, according to the
usual rule of western warfare; but when
about to put an end to
the struggles of the wounded Indian, who
did not seem dis-
posed to submit very quietly to the
operation, his attention was
attracted by the rustling of the cane on
his right, and turning
Simon Kenton. 17
rapidly in that direction, he beheld two
Indians within twenty
steps of him, very deliberately taking
aim at his person. A quick
spring to one side on his part was
instantly followed by the flash
and report of their rifles,-the balls
whistled close to his ears,
causing him involuntarily to duck his
head, but doing him no in-
jury. Not liking so hot a neighborhood,
and ignorant of the
number which might yet be behind, he
lost no time in regaining
the shelter of the wood, leaving the
dead Indian unscalped, and
the wounded man to the care of his
friends. Scarcely had he
treed when a dozen Indians appeared on
the edge of the cane-
brake, and seemed disposed to press upon
him with more vigor
than was consistent with the safety of
his present position. His
fears, however, were instantly relieved
by the appearance of
Boone and his party, who came running up
as rapidly as a due
regard to the shelter of their persons
would permit, and opening
a brisk fire upon the Indians, quickly
compelled them to regain
the shelter of the canebrake, with the
loss of several wounded,
who, as usual, were carried off. The
dead Indian, in the hurry
of the retreat, was abandoned, and
Kenton at last had the gratifi-
cation of taking his scalp."
It will be noticed that Kenton's quick
motions saved his life
in the above encounter, and it may be
well to say that for agil-
ity of action, for quickness in reaching
conclusions, he possibly
had no equal among all the hosts of
agile men who constituted the
major part of the pioneers of Kentucky.
A remarkable instance
is related above in the extract from
Collins's History, where death
came to the Indian before the uplifted
tomahawk had time to fall
on the head of Boone. And in the sixteen
combats with single
Indians, as I heard from Kenton's own
lips, he was every time
too quick for his antagonist. Of this
trait an instance will be
given farther on; my father was a
witness to the transaction. In
1778, the year in which Kenton suffered
his greatest hardships,
he was past twenty-three years of age,
but having six years of
steady experience in the forests of the
west, and in constant con-
flict with the ubiquitous savage.
But returning from this digression, it
is right to say, that
the intended surprise of the Indian
village being now impossible,
Boone, with all his men, except Kenton
and Montgomery, re-
Vol. XIII-- 2.
18
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
turned at once to Kentucky. But these
two men determined to
make a night visit to the village and
procure a horse or two as
some compensation for their time and
trouble. The Indians
were continually killing or capturing
the horses of the settlers,
and reprisals were made as often as was
found practicable, as
was right and just. Kenton and
Montgomery captured two
horses each, and by a rapid night's
travel, they got beyond dan-
ger of pursuit, crossed the Ohio at the
mouth of Eagle creek, and
made a safe return.
And now begins the most eventful period
of Kenton's long
career. I cannot better introduce the
subject than by quoting
somewhat fully from McClung; and the
more particularly as that
account was pronounced as being in
entire accord with what
Simon had related to his people, the
Kentons. This statement
was made by Thomas Kenton, the nephew
referred to in the
first part of this narrative. Thomas,
not having learned to read,
gave the closer attention to the
statements of McClung as they
were read and read again for the purpose
of comparison with
oral statements long current in the
family. There was only one
mistake. When I read that Simon found
Leitchman carrying
shingles from the woods, he cried out with great vehemence,
"That's a lie, it wasn't shingles,
it was two foot clapboards."
When one reflects that there is only six
inches difference in the
length of the two kinds of house
covering, he may well believe
that the printed account is
substantially correct. McClung says,
"Scarcely had he returned, [as just
related,] when Col. Bow-
man ordered him to take his friend
Montgomery and another
young man named Clark, and go on a
secret expedition to an In-
dian town on the Little Miami, against
which the Colonel medi-
tated an expedition, and of the exact
condition of which he
wished certain information. They
instantly set out, in obedience
to their orders, and reached the
neighborhood of the town with-
out being discovered. They examined it
attentively and walked
around the houses during the night with
impunity. Thus far all
had gone well, and had they been
contented to return after due
execution of their orders, they would
have avoided the heavy
calamity which awaited them. But
unfortunately during their
nightly parade they stumbled upon a
pound in which there were
Simon Kenton. 19
a number of Indian horses. The
temptation was not to be re-
sisted. They each mounted a horse, but
not satisfied with that,
they could not find it in their hearts
to leave a single animal be-
hind them, and as some of the animals
seemed indisposed to
change masters, the affair was attended
with so much fracas, that
at last they were discovered. The cry
ran through the village
at once, that the Long Knives were
stealing their horses right be-
fore the doors of their wigwams, and old
and young, squaws,
boys, and warriors, all sallied out with
loud screams to save their
property from these greedy spoilers.
Kenton and his friends
quickly discerned that they had overshot
the mark, and that they
must ride for their lives; but even in
this extremity, they could
not bring themselves to give up a single
horse which they had
haltered, and while two of them rode in
front and led, I know
not how many horses, the other brought
up the rear, and plying
whip from right to left, did not permit
a single horse to lag be-
hind. In this manner they dashed through
the woods at a furi-
ous rate with the hue and cry after
them, until their course was
suddenly stopped by an impenetrable
swamp. Here, from ne-
cessity they paused for a few moments
and listened attentively.
Hearing no sounds of pursuit they
resumed their course, and
skirting the swamp for some distance, in
the vain hope of cross-
ing it, they bent their course in a
straight direction for the Ohio.
They rode during the whole night without
resting a moment,
and halting for a few minutes at
daylight, they continued their
journey throughout the day and the whole
of the following night,
and by this uncommon expedition, on the
morning of the second
day they reached the northern bank of
the Ohio [near the mouth
of White Oak creek]. Crossing the river
would now ensure their
safety, but this was likely to prove a
difficult undertaking, and
the close pursuit which they had reason
to expect, rendered it
necessary to lose as little time as
possible. The wind was high
and the river rough and boisterous. It
was determined that
Kenton should cross with the horses,
while Clark and Montgom-
ery should construct a raft in order to
transport their guns, bag-
gage, and ammunition to the opposite
shore. The necessary
preparations were soon made, and Kenton,
after forcing his
horses into the river, plunged in
himself and swam by their side.
20
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
In a very few minutes the high waves
completely overwhelmed
him and forced him considerably below
the horses, that stemmed
the current much more vigorously than
himself. The horses,
thus being left to themselves, turned,
about, and swam again to
the Ohio shore, where Kenton was
compelled to follow them.
Again he forced them into the water, and
again they returned to
the same spot, until Kenton became so
exhausted by repeated
efforts, as to be unable to swim. A
council was then held and
the question proposed, "What was to
be done?" That the In-
dians would pursue them was certain;
that the horses would not
and could not be made to cross the river
in its present state was
equally certain. Should they abandon the
horses and cross on
the raft, or remain with the horses and
take such fortune as
heaven should send to them? The latter
alternative was unani-
mously adopted. Death or captivity might
be tolerated, but the
loss of so beautiful a lot of horses,
after having worked so hard
for them, was not to be thought of for a
moment. As soon as it
was determined that themselves and
horses were to share the
same fate, it again became necessary to
fix upon some probable
plan of saving them. Should they move up
or down the river,
or remain where they were? The latter
course was adopted. It
was supposed that the wind would fall at
sunset and the river
become sufficiently calm to admit of
their passage, and as it was
supposed probable that the Indians might
be upon them before
night, it was determined to conceal the
horses in a deep, neigh-
boring ravine, while they should take
their stations in an ad-
joining wood. A more miserable plan
could not have been
adopted. If they could not consent to
sacrifice their horses
in order to save their own lives, they
should have moved
either up or down the river, and thus
have preserved the dis-
tance from the Indians which their rapidity of movement
had gained. The Indians would have to
follow their trail, and
being twenty-four hours march behind
them, could never have
overtaken them. But neglecting this obvious consideration,
they stupidly sat down until sunset,
expecting that the river
would become more calm. The day passed
away in tranquillity,
but at night the wind blew harder than
ever, and the water be-
came so rough that their raft would have
scarcely been able to
Simon Kenton. 21
cross. Not an instant more should have been lost in moving
away from so dangerous a place; but, as
if totally infatuated,
they remained where they were until
morning, thus wasting
twenty-four hours of most precious time
in total idleness. In
the morning the wind abated and the
river became calm; but it
was now too late. Their horses,
recollecting the difficulty of the
passage of the previous day, had become
as obstinate and heed-
less as their masters, and positively
and repeatedly refused to
take the water. Finding every effort to
compel them, entirely
unavailing, their masters at length
determined to do what ought
to have been done at first. Each
resolved to mount a horse and
make the best of his way down the river
to Louisville. Had even
this resolution, however tardily
adopted, been executed with de-
cision, the party would probably have
been saved; but after they
were mounted, instead of leaving the
ground instantly, they went
back upon their own trail, in the vain
effort to regain possession
of the rest of their horses, which had
broken from them in the
last effort to drive them into the
water. They wearied out their
good genius and literally fell victims
to their love for horseflesh.
They had scarcely ridden one hundred
yards, (Kenton in the
centre, the others upon the flanks with
an interval of two hun-
dred yards between them,) when Kenton
heard a loud halloo,
apparently coming from the spot which
they had just left. In-
stead of getting out of the way as fast
as possible and trusting to
the speed of his horse and the thickness
of the wood for safety,
he set the last capping stone to his
imprudence, and dismounting,
walked leisurely back to meet his
pursuers, and thus give them as
little trouble as possible. He quickly
beheld three Indians and
one white man, all well mounted. Wishing
to give the alarm to
his companions, he raised his rifle to
his shoulder and took steady
aim at the breast of the foremost
Indian, and drew the trigger.
His gun had become wet on the raft and
flashed. The enemy
were instantly alarmed and dashed at
him. Now, at last, when
flight could be of no service, Kenton
took to his heels, and was
pursued by four horsemen at full speed.
He instantly directed
his steps to the thickest part of the
woods, where there was much
fallen timber and a rank growth of
underwood, and had suc-
ceeded as he thought in baffling his
pursuers, when, just as he
22
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
was leaving the fallen timber and
entering the open wood, an
Indian on horseback galloped around the
corner of the wood, and
approached him so rapidly as to render
flight useless. The
horseman rode up, holding out his hand
and calling out "brother,
brother," in a tone of great
affection. Kenton observes that if
his gun would have made fire he would
have "brothered" him to
his heart's content, but being wholly
unarmed, he called out that
he would surrender if they would give
him quarter and good
treatment. Promises were cheap with the
Indian, and he show-
ered them out by the dozen, continuing
all the while to advance
with extended hands and a writhing grin
upon his countenance
which was intended for a smile of
courtesy. Seizing Kenton's
hand he grasped it with violence.
Kenton, not liking the man-
ner of his captor, raised his gun to
knock him down, when an
Indian who had followed him closely
through the brushwood,
instantly sprang upon his back and
pinioned his arms to his side.
The one who had just approached him then
seized him by the
hair and shook him until his teeth
rattled, while the rest of the
party, coming up, all fell on Kenton
with their tongues and ram-
rods, until he thought they would scold
or beat him to death.
They were the owners of the horses which
he had carried off,
and now took ample revenge for the loss
of their property. At
every stroke of their ramrods over his
head, (and they were
neither few nor far between,) they would
repeat in a tone of
strong indignation, "Steal Indian
hoss, hey!" Their attention,
however was soon diverted to Montgomery,
who, having heard
the noise attending Kenton's capture,
very gallantly hastened to
his assistance; while Clark, very
prudently consulted his own
safety in betaking himself to his heels,
leaving his unfortunate
companions to shift for themselves.
Montgomery halted within
gunshot and appeared busy with the pan
of his gun, as if prepar-
ing to fire. Two Indians instantly
sprang off in pursuit of him,
while the rest attended to Kenton. In a
few minutes Kenton
heard the crack of two rifles in quick
succession, followed by a
halloo, which announced the fate of his
friend. The Indians
quickly returned, waving the bloody
scalp of Montgomery, and
with countenances and gestures which
menaced him with a sim-
ilar fate. They then proceeded to secure
their prisoner. They
Simon Kenton. 23
first compelled him to lie upon his
back, and stretch out his arms
to their full length. They passed a
stout stick at right angles
across his breast to each extremity of
which his wrists were
fastened by thongs made of Buffalo hide.
Stakes were then
driven into the earth near his feet, to
which they were fastened
in a similar manner. A halter was then
tied around his neck
and fastened to a sapling which grew
near, and finally a strong
rope was passed under his body, lashed
strongly to the pole
which lay transversely on his breast,
and finally wrapped around
his arms at the elbows in such a manner
as to pinion them to the
pole with a painful violence, and render
him literally incapable
of moving hand, foot, or head in the
slightest manner. During
the whole of this operation neither
their hands nor their tongues
were by any means idle. They cuffed him
from time to time
with great heartiness, until his ears
rang again, and abused him
for a "tief," a hoss steal, a
rascal, and finally for a "d-d white
man." I may here observe that all
the western Indians had
picked up a good many English words,
particularly our oaths,
which, from the frequency with which
they were used by our
hunters and traders, they probably
looked upon as the very root
and foundation of the English language.
Kenton remained in
this painful attitude throughout the
night, looking forward to
certain death, and most probably,
torture, as soon as he should
reach their town. Their rage against him
seemed to increase
rather than abate, from indulgence, and
in the morning it dis-
played itself in a form at once
ludicrous and cruel. Among the
horses which Kenton had taken, and which
their original owners
had now recovered, was a fine, but wild
young colt, totally un-
broken, and with all his honors of mane
and tail undocked.
Upon him Kenton was mounted, without
saddle or bridle, with
his hands tied behind his back, and his
feet tied under the horse's
belly. The country was rough and bushy,
and Kenton had no
means of protecting his face from the
brambles through which it
was expected that the colt would dash.
As soon as the rider
was finally fastened to his back, the
colt was turned loose with a
sudden lash, but after executing a few
curvetts and caprioles, to
the great distress of his rider, but to
the infinite amusement of
the Indians, he appeared to take
compassion on his rider, and
24
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
falling into line with the other horses
avoided the brambles en-
tirely, and went on very well. In this
manner he rode through
the day. At night he was taken from the
horse and confined as
before. On the third day they came
within a few miles of Chil-
licothe. [Of course this was the town
from which the horses
were taken, and which some have supposed
to mean the Chilli-
cothe on Paint creek, Ross county,
claiming that McDonald in
his account of Kenton so says, but this
is an error. Speaking
of this expedition of Kenton and his two
companions, McDonald
says, "they crossed the Ohio and
proceeded cautiously to Chil-
licothe, (now Old Town)." This
applies as well to the Little
Miami town as to the one on Paint creek.
One of these places
I have known for more than sixty years,
and the other nearly as
long. Both were called "Old
Town" when I first knew them;
and a few weeks ago I inquired of a
gentleman who resides not
far from Xenia what name the old Indian
town was now called.
He promptly replied, "Old
Town." It is perfectly certain that
Kenton first ran the gauntlet at the
Chillicothe on the Little
Miami, as has already been published in
the Historical Quarterly,
and made clear to any judicial mind.]
Here the party halted and
dispatched a messenger to inform the
village of their arrival, in
order, I suppose, to give them time to
prepare for his reception.
In a short time, Black Fish, one of
their chiefs arrived, and regard-
ing Kenton with a stern countenance,
thundered out in very
good English, "You have been
stealing horses?" "Yes,
sir."
"Did Captain Boone tell you to
steal our horses?" "No sir, I
did it of my own accord." This
frank confession was too irri-
tating to be borne. Black Fish made no
reply, but brandishing a
hickory switch which he held in his
hand, he applied it so briskly
to Kenton's naked back and shoulders, as
to bring the blood
freely and occasion acute pain.
Thus alternately beaten and scolded, he
marched on to the
village. At the distance of a mile from
Chillicothe, he saw every
inhabitant of the town, men, women, and
children, running out
to feast their eyes with a view of the
prisoner. Every indi-
vidual, down to the smallest child,
appeared in a paroxysm of
rage. They whooped, they yelled, they
hooted, they clapped
their hands, and poured upon him a flood
of abuse to which all
Simon Kenton. 25
that he had yet received was gentleness
and civility. With loud
cries they demanded that their prisoner
should be tied to the
stake. The hint was instantly complied
with. A stake was
quickly fastened into the ground. The remnant of Kenton's
shirt and breeches was torn from his
person, (the squaws offi-
ciating with great dexterity in both
operations,) and his hands
being tied together and raised above his
head, were fastened to
the top of the stake. The whole party
then danced around him
until midnight, yelling and screaming in
their usual frantic man-
ner, striking him with switches, and
slapping him with the palms
of their hands. He expected every moment
to undergo the tor-
ture of fire, but that was
reserved for another time. They
wished to prolong the pleasure of
tormenting him as much as
possible, and after having caused him to
anticipate the bitterness
of death, until a late hour of the
night, they released him from
the stake and conveyed him to the
village. Early in the morn-
ing he beheld the scalp of Montgomery
stretched upon a hoop,
and drying in the air before the door of
one of their prin-
cipal houses. He was quickly led out and
ordered to run the
gauntlet. A row of boys, women, and men
extended to the dis-
tance of a quarter of a mile. At the
starting place stood two
grim looking warriors with butcher
knives in their hands, at the
extremity of the line was an Indian
beating a drum, and a few
paces beyond the drum was the door of
the council house. Clubs,
switches, hoe handles, and tomahawks
were brandished along
the whole line, causing the sweat
involuntarily to stream from his
pores, at the idea of the discipline
which his naked skin was to
receive during the race. The moment for
starting arrived, the
great drum at the door of the council
house was struck, and Ken-
ton sprang forward on the race * * *
Kenton avoided the row
of his enemies, and turning to the east
drew the whole party in
pursuit of him. He doubled several times
with great activity,
and at length observing an opening he
darted through it, and
pressed forward to the council house
with a rapidity which left his
pursuers far behind. One or two of the
Indians succeeded in
throwing themselves between him and the
goal, and from these
alone he received a few blows, but was
much less injured than he
could have at first supposed possible.
26 Ohio Arch.
and Hist. Society Publications.
As soon as the race was over, a council
was held in order
to determine whether he should be burnt
to death on the spot, or
carried round to the other villages and
exhibited to every tribe.
The arbiters of his fate sat in a circle
on the floor of the council
house, while the unhappy prisoner, naked
and bound was com-
mitted to the care of a guard in the
open air. The deliberation
commenced. Each warrior sat in silence
while a large war club
was passed around the circle. Those who
were opposed to
burning the prisoner on the spot were to
pass the club in silence
to the next warrior; those in favor of
burning, were to strike
the earth violently with the club before
passing it. A teller was
appointed to count the votes. This
dignitary quickly reported
that the opposition had prevailed; that
his execution was sus-
pended for the present, and that it was
determined to take him
to an Indian town on Mad river, called
Waughcotomoco, [Wapa-
tomica]. His fate was quickly announced
to him by a rene-
gade white man who acted as interpreter.
Kenton felt rejoiced
at the issue, but naturally became
anxious to know what was in
reserve for him at Waughcotomoco. He
accordingly asked the
white man, "What the Indians
intended to do with him upon
reaching the appointed place."
"Burn you, G-d d-n you" was
the ferocious reply. He asked no further
questions, and the
scowling interpreter walked away.
Instantly preparations were made for his
departure, and to
his great joy, as well as astonishment,
his clothes were restored
to him, and he was permitted to remain
unbound. Thanks to
the ferocious intimation of the
interpreter, he was aware of the
fate in reserve for him, and secretly
determined that he would
never reach Waughcotomoco alive if it
was possible to avoid it.
Their route lay through an unbroken
forest abounding in thickets
and undergrowth. Unbound as he
was, it would not be impos-
sible to escape from the hands of his
conductors; and if he could
once enter the thickets, he thought that
he might be enabled to
baffle his pursuers. At the worst he
could only be re-taken, and
the fire would burn no hotter after an
attempt to escape than
before. During the whole of their march
he remained abstracted
and silent, often meditating an effort
for liberty, and as often
shrinking from the peril of the attempt.
At length he was
Simon Kenton. 27
aroused from his reverie by the Indians
firing off their guns,
and raising the shrill scalp halloo. The
signal was soon an-
swered, and the deep roll of a drum was
heard far in front, an-
nouncing to the unhappy prisoner that
they were approaching
an Indian town where the gauntlet,
certainly and perhaps the
stake awaited him. The idea of the
repetition of the dreadful
scenes which he had already encountered,
completely banished
the indecision which had hitherto
withheld him, and with a sud-
den and startling cry, he sprang into
the bushes and fled with
the speed of a wild deer. The pursuit
was instant and keen,
some on foot, some on horseback. But he
was flying for his life,
the stake and the hot iron, and the
burning splinters were before
his eyes, and he soon distanced the
swiftest hunter that pur-
sued him. But fate was against him at
every turn. Thinking
only of the enemy behind he forgot that
there might be enemies
before, and before he was aware of what
he had done, he found
that he had plunged into the center of a
fresh party of horsemen
who had sallied from the town at the
firing of the guns, and hap-
pened unfortunately to stumble upon the
poor prisoner now mak-
ing a last effort for freedom. His heart
sunk at once from the
ardor of hope to the very pit of
despair, and he was again halt-
ered and driven before them to town like
an ox to the slaughter
house.
Upon reaching the village, (Pickaway,)
[near Springfield]
he was fastened to a stake near the door
of the council house,
and the warriors again assembled in
debate. In a short
time they issued from the council house,
and surrounding him,
they danced, yelled, etc., for several
hours, giving him once more
a foretaste of the bitterness of death.
On the following morning
their journey was continued, but the
Indians had now become
watchful, and gave him no opportunity of
even attempting an
escape. On the second day he arrived at
Waughcotomoco. [In
Logan county, about fifty miles from
Pickaway]. Here he was
again compelled to run the gauntlet, in
which he was severely
hurt, and immediately after this
ceremony he was taken to the
council house, and all the warriors once
more assembled to de-
termine his fate.
He sat silent and dejected upon the
floor of the cabin, await-
28
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
ing the moment which was to deliver him
to the stake. When the
door of the council house opened and
Simon Girty, James Girty,
John Ward, and an Indian came in with a
woman, (Mrs. Mary
Kennedy,) as a prisoner, together with
seven children and seven
scalps. Kenton was instantly removed
from the council house,
and the deliberations of the assembly
were protracted to a very
late hour, in consequence of the arrival
of the last named party
with a fresh drove of prisoners.
At length he was again summoned to
attend the council
house, being informed that his fate was
decided. Regarding the
mandate as a mere prelude to the stake
and fire, which he knew
was intended for him, he obeyed it with
the calm despair which
had now succeeded the burning anxiety of
the last few days.
Upon entering the council house he was
greeted with a savage
scowl, which, if he had cherished a
spark of hope, would have
completely extinguished it. Simon Girty
threw a blanket upon
the floor and harshly ordered him to
take a seat upon it. The
order was not immediately complied with,
and Girty impatiently
seizing his arm, jerked him roughly upon
the blanket, and pulled
him down upon it. In the same rough and
menacing tone,
Girty then interrogated him as to the
condition of Kentucky,
"How many men are there in
Kentucky?" "It is impossible
for
me to answer that question,"
replied Kenton, "but I can tell you
the number of officers and their
respective ranks, you can then
judge for yourself." "Do you know William Stewart?"
"Per-
fectly well, he is an old and intimate
acquaintance." "What is
your own name?" "Simon Butler," replied Kenton.
Never did
the enunciation of a name produce a more
powerful effect. Girty
and Kenton, (then bearing the name of
Butler,) had served
as spies together in Dunmore's
expedition. The former had not
then abandoned the society of the whites
for that of the savages,
and had become warmly attached to Kenton
during the short
period of their services together. As
soon as he heard the name
he became thoroughly agitated and
springing from his seat, he
threw his arms around Kenton's neck, and
embraced him with
much emotion. Then turning to the
assembled warriors who
remained astonished spectators of this
extraordinary scene, he
addressed them in a short speech, which
the deep earnestness of
Simon Kenton. 29
his tone, and the energy of his gestures
rendered eloquent. He
informed them that the prisoner whom
they had just condemned
to the stake, was his ancient comrade,
and bosom friend, that
they had traveled the same war path,
slept upon the same blanket,
and dwelt in the same wigwam. He
entreated them to have
compassion on his feelings, to spare him
the agony of witnessing
the torture of an old friend, by the
hands of his adopted brothers,
and not to refuse so trifling a favor as
the life of a white man to
the earnest intercession of one who had
proved by three years'
faithful service, that he was sincerely
and zealously devoted to
the cause of the Indians.
His speech was listened to in unbroken
silence. As soon as
he had finished several chiefs expressed
their approbation by a
deep guttural interjection, while others
were equally as forward
in making known their objections to the
proposal. They urged
that his fate had already been
determined in a large and solemn
council, and that they would be acting
like squaws to change
their minds every hour. They insisted on
the flagrant misde-
meanors of Kenton; that he had not only
stolen their horses, but
had flashed his gun at one of their
young men; that it was in
vain to suppose that so bad a man could
ever become an Indian
at heart, like their brother Girty; that
the Kentuckians were all
alike, very bad people, and ought to be
killed as fast as they
were taken, and finally they observed
that many of their people
had come from a distance, solely to
assist at the torture of the
prisoner, and pathetically painted the
disappointment and the
chagrin with which they would hear that
all their trouble had
been for nothing. Girty listened with
obvious impatience to
the young warriors, who had so ably
argued against a reprieve,
and starting to his feet as soon as the
others had concluded he
urged his former request with great
earnestness. He briefly,
but strongly recapitulated his own
services and the many and
weighty instances of attachment which he
had given. In a sim-
ilar strain Girty continued for some
time, and finally asked as
"his first and last request that
the life of his friend might be
spared." Other speeches urged the
opposite course and with
great animation. But on the final vote
by passing the warclub,
Girty's friends were greatly in the
majority. Girty took imme-
30 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
diate charge of Kenton and treated him
with great kindness.
For about three weeks there was entire
quiet; but one day walk-
ing with Girty and an Indian named Red
Pole, another Indian
came from the village towards them,
uttering repeatedly a whoop
of peculiar intonation. Girty told
Kenton that this was the dis-
tress halloo, and all must go at once to
the council house. Near
it they met the newcomer. Girty and Red
Pole shook hands with
him, but he refused to take Kenton's
hand when offered. This
action boded no good to Kenton, and he
so understood it at once.
When in the council house a like refusal
was made by half a
dozen in quick succession. Kenton, with
gloomy forebodings,
turned aside and sat down apart from the
others. The drift of
the speeches was evidently adverse to
Kenton, and he saw that
Girty was uneasy, his appeals to the new
council apparently had
no effect. At length he turned to Kenton
and said, "Well, my
friend, you must die." Kenton was
at once seized, and com-
mitted to a guard and immediately
marched off to the north-
ward. Having proceeded two or three
miles, Girty passed them
on horseback. He told Kenton that he had
friends in the next
village and that he would see what could
be done for the pris-
oner. But failing in this effort he
returned by another route so
as to avoid meeting his old friend. Two
or three miles beyond
the village the escort passed by a squaw
who was cutting wood.
On seeing Kenton the master of the squaw
seized the ax and
dealt Kenton a blow on the shoulder,
severely wounding him and
breaking his arm. The guard prevented
further injury, and rep-
rimanded the savage for trying to cheat
them of the pleasure of
torturing their prisoner. Reaching a
village on the Scioto, Ken-
ton saw Logan, the Mingo chief, the
murder of whose family
brought on the Dunmore war. Logan spoke
kindly to Kenton
and said that it was the intention to
burn him at Sandusky, but
that he would send two runners there to
speak a good word for
him. He did so, sending the messengers
the next morning: in
the evening they returned and made their
report to Logan; but
Logan did not visit Kenton till the
following morning. Walk-
ing up to Kenton he gave him a piece of
bread, and said that he
was to go at once to Upper Sandusky: so
saying he turned away.
The guard conducted the prisoner in the
usual way, and sentence
Simon Kenton. 31
was to be executed on the following
morning. But an Indian
agent named Drewyer, [some spell the
name Druillard, a Cana-
dian Frenchman, in the service of the
British,] urged that the
British commander at Detroit very
greatly desired information
in regard to Kentucky, and that this
prisoner could give what
was required, and so persistent was the
agent's demand, the In-
dians at length consented that Kenton
should go to Detroit, but
on condition that he should return,
after examination by the
Detroit officer. The agent set out
immediately for Detroit, and
informed Kenton of the way by which he
had induced the In-
dians to allow him to go on this errand,
but further said that he
would not be surrendered again to the
savages. From Lower
Sandusky the party went by water.
Arriving at Detroit, the
commandant inquired as to the number of
soldiers at Fort Mc-
Intosh, lately built on the Tuscarawas,
and also as to the forces
in Kentucky. Kenton replied that he was
not an officer, but only
a private soldier, and had no means of
knowing. Thus ended
the examination. The Indians were paid a
ransom for Kenton,
who was kindly treated by the military
authorities. He had to
report each day, and was restricted
within certain limits, as
usual in such cases. Under this generous
treatment his wounds
soon healed and his old vigor returned.
In the spring of 1779, several persons
were brought in,
among them, Capt. Nathan Bullitt and
Jesse Coffer, once com-
panions of Kenton. These three concerted
a plan of escape.
But they had no guns and no provisions,
and the distance to
Louisville was nearly four hundred
miles, through a country in-
habited by their deadly foes, always on
the alert. To give a full
and complete account of this daring
journey, and of Kenton's
subsequent adventures, would extend this
paper too far. From
this point, therefore, I shall give only
a general outline. The
wife of an Indian trader at Detroit was
greatly interested in the
case of the prisoners. Some give the
name as Harvey, others as
Eaton. By her aid and her generous and
thoughtful expedients,
guns, ammunitions, and a small amount of
provisions were se-
cured and hidden on the trader's
premises. By night, under the
supervision of this excellent woman,
these supplies were put into
the hands of the three men; and they
commenced their flight.
32 Ohio Arch. and
Hist. Society Publications.
Many dangers confronted them from time
to time; and they had
several very narrow escapes, but by
great care and skill in wood-
craft, in thirty days they reached
Louisville by the last of July.
A full account of this trip would show
up the sterling qualities of
these men, but there must be a limit in
respect to these details.
In 1780 Clark made his expedition
against the Shawnees on
Mad river. On the way he passed near the
Chillicothe on the
Little Miami. The Indians had fired
their wigwams on Clark's
approach and retreated to Pickaway on
Mad river. After se-
vere fighting the Indians were defeated,
and their villages and
crops destroyed. Kenton was a scout as
usual, and after the bat-
tle he led the soldiers to the different
towns in the vicinity, for
his former experience had given him
pretty full information re-
garding their various settlements. He
was, again, in 1782 em-
ployed in the same capacity by Gen.
Clark in his attack upon the
Shawnees at Upper Piqua, on the Great
Miami. This expedi-
tion resulted in the destruction of the
town; and a night foray
fifteen miles further, caused the
burning of Loramie's store, a
place which furnished supplies for the
Indians in their maraud-
ing excursions. About twelve years later
Wayne built Fort Lor-
amie near the site of the destroyed
store.
Kenton about 1780 or 1781 made a station
on Salt river, hav-
ing acquired a considerable body of
land. His wide acquaint-
ance with the country led to his being
often called on to locate
lands for other parties. In 1784 Kenton
led a small party to his
station near Maysville, but threatened
excursions by the In-
dians caused him to return to Salt river
till the fall, when he went
back and erected a block house at his
first station. In 1786 he
was with Colonal Logan in the attack on,
and the destruction of
eight towns on the upper waters of Mad
river, towns to which he
had been taken eight years before, and
where he had run the
gauntlet so many times. Marshall, in his
History of Kentucky,
p. 75, says "thirteen" times,
but it was eight according to the
Kenton account: besides these
"elegant pastimes," he had been
tied three times to the stake to be
burned. And without specify-
ing all the campaigns in which he took
part, let it suffice to say
that in Wayne's army he and Major
McMahon each, as Majors,
commanded a troop of about one hundred
and fifty horsemen.
Simon Kenton. 33
McMahon was killed in the attack on Fort
Recovery, June 30,
1794. McMahon and Kenton had led the
scouting force in front
of Wayne, but Kenton was not in the
final battle at the Fallen
Timbers. In the early part of the
century, about 1805, Kenton
was made General of Militia, and from
that time forward it was
customary to call him General Simon
Kenton. In the war with
Great Britain in 1813, Kenton joined
Governor Shelby's Ken-
tucky forces at Urbana, and was in his
last battle October 5,
1813, on the river Thames, in Canada,
where the British Gen-
eral Proctor was defeated, and the great
Chief Tecumseh was
killed, forty-two years after Kenton's
flight from Virginia. And
in these forty-two years the battles,
sieges, skirmishes, raids, ma-
rauding excursions, alone or in company
with others are num-
bered by the score, not to say by the
hundred, and most probably
his career has never had a parallel on
this continent or any other.
"His like we ne'er shall see
again."
Change of Name. It will be recollected that in his hurried
flight from Virginia, in 1771 Kenton
took the name of Butler,
and was so known for many years. On this
question of resum-
ing his right name, I find various statements,
Marshall, without
giving the source of his information
says, "Having in 1780 met
with his brother, John Kenton, they
recognized each other and he
resumed his family name." Another writer says, "At this
period, (1782) he heard for the first
time, from his long aband-
oned parents, and learned that William
Veach, (his old rival,)
had recovered, and was still living. He
now resumed his own
name. . . . after thirteen years .
. he had the sat-
isfaction to find his father and all the
family living .
his glowing description of the fertility
of Kentucky, induced his
parents to accompany him on his
return." Both these accounts
differ from that related to me by Thomas
Kenton when I read
McClung's sketches of Simon. At the time
of the removal to
Kentucky, this Thomas was almost
fourteen years of age, and
certainly old enough to understand his
surroundings. He de-
clared that the family had never heard a
word from Simon after
his abrupt departure till they moved to
Kentucky in the fall of
1783, and found him there under an
assumed name, and that
then he resumed his right one. All this
necessarily implies that
Vol. XIII-3.
34
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
he did not return to Virginia and take
his relatives to the West;
for this lad was one of the company and
explained to me what
sort of a conveyance the "horse
litter" was. This being direct
testimony from the family, by a
competent witness who was
present, I believe it, and reject both
the other unsubstantiated
statements. The family record to which I
have alluded, was
kept by this lad's sister, who
subsequently married Ezekiel Ar-
rowsmith, and lived for more than half a
century near Westville,
universally honored and respected. And
testimony of this sort is
not to be lightly set aside by mere
words without proof.
Lands. In the course of the twenty-five years which Ken-
ton passed in Kentucky, he obtained
possession of many thou-
sand acres of land, lying in different
counties, but the land laws
of Kentucky were not in good shape; so
partly by defective title,
and partly by prior entries, all his
claims fell through, and he lost
every acre. One writer says, "The
ease with which, as he sup-
posed, he made land induced him to sell
out a great amount; and
the purchasers, as was the custom of the
country paid for it
with the most perishable materials.
Besides, his locations, like
those generally made at early periods,
were seen to be vague,
subject to dispute, and frequently lost.
He thus found himself
involved in controversy, and embarrassed
in litigation which pre-
sented an inextricable labyrinth of
hazard, expense, and trouble,
with which he became disgusted, and for
which he left the state,
preferring rather to encounter the
Indians on the frontiers of
Ohio, than the law officers of
Kentucky."
Residence. For two or three years he lived at the station
near Springfield, afterward either in
Urbana or on a farm a few
miles south of Urbana, and near the
county line. About the
year 1820 he moved to his little home near
Wapatomica, in the
vicinity of Zanesfield, Logan county,
Ohio, and lived there the
remainder of his days.
In the year 1824 the Government granted
him a pension of
twenty dollars a month, in late
recognition of the great services
which he had rendered the West in its
time of need.
Marriage. Simon Kenton and Martha Dowden were mar-
ried in Kentucky, May 14, 1787. The wife
dying after many
years, Kenton, married the second time
December 11, 1818, the
Simon Kenton. 35
second wife being a relative of the
first, the Dowden family being
otherwise related to the Kentons by
marriage. There were two
daughters and one son by each marriage.
The youngest son is
still living, I think.
Church. For the last twenty years of his life, Kenton was a
member of the Methodist church. A very
full and satisfactory
account of this connection appeared in
this Quarterly for July,
1901, p. 192, written by Rev. Mr. King,
to which article I gladly
refer all who may wish to contrast the
stormy and war-laden
years of Kenton's vigorous manhood, with
the quiet and peace-
ful times of his old age. A wider
difference the world, per-
haps, has never seen.
Personal Characteristics. In Collins's History of Kentucky,
edition of 1847, p. 393, we find this:
"The following is a de-
scription of the appearance and
character of this remarkable man,
by one, [McDonald] who often shared with
him in the dangers
of the forest and the fight. General
Kenton was of fair complex-
ion, six feet one inch in height. He
stood and walked very
erect; and in the prime of life, weighed
about one hundred and
ninety pounds. He never was inclined to
be corpulent, although
of sufficient fullness to form a
graceful person. He had a soft,
tremulous voice, very pleasing to the
hearer. He had laughing
gray eyes which appeared to fascinate
the beholder, and dark
auburn hair. He was a pleasant, good
humored, and obliging
companion. When excited, or provoked to
anger, (which was
seldom the case,) the fiery glance of
his eye would almost curdle
the blood of those with whom he came in
contact. His rage,
when roused was a tornado.
"In his dealing he was perfectly
honest; his confidence in
man, and his credulity were such that
the same man might cheat
him twenty times, and if he professed
friendship, might cheat
him still."
The correctness of this description
could be affirmed by all
who knew the man; and in addition to
this description, he had a
sense of justice and fair play which
nothing could turn aside.
In the course of the war of 1812, some friendly
Indians came to
the vicinity of Urbana, on legitimate
business; and some men, in
36 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
experienced in the matter of Indian
warfare, proposed to kill
these men, considering all Indians bad.
Kenton attempted to
dissuade the men from so high-handed a
measure, but his words,
apparently not having the desired effect
on them, he grasped his
rifle and took his position in front of
the Indians, and in his im-
pressive and emphatic manner declared
that whoever attacked the
Indians would do it over his dead body.
It is sufficient to say
that the Indians were not further
molested.
As before stated, his long contest with
the Indians had
taught him the value of quick decision
and instantaneous action;
and these things he had so long
practiced that they became a part
of his nature. I will give one instance
outside of the domain of
war. In the spring of 1807, my father
and eight or ten other
men, with their families, left the
counties of Bourbon and Har-
rison, Kentucky, for homes in the Mad
river valley. Simon
Kenton was employed by the company to
pilot them to their des-
tination, and to procure them a supply
of fresh meat daily from
the forest. He gave his instructions for
the day each morning,
before he started out for the hunt. One
morning, with gun on
shoulder he started, and by some
inadvertence stumbled over a
wagon tongue, and fell sprawling to the
ground. One of the
party broke into a hearty laugh. This
enraged Kenton, and
quick as lightning he pointed his gun
and pulled the trigger, but
the fall had knocked the powder from the
pan, so that the gun
was not discharged. Kenton immediately
begged pardon for his
hasty action, and asked the man never to
do so again, lest in the
moment of anger, he might do what
everybody would regret.
My father was a witness of this incident
and told me of it years
before Simon's death.
Monument. This is a substantial structure, seven or eight
feet high and over four feet square at
the base and in every way
is a most befitting memorial of the
dead. In the forests of Ohio
Kenton had confronted Indians, bears,
wolves, and panthers.
On the south face of the monument, is
carved, life size, the head
of an Indian chief, decked out in
regular savage style: on the
west face is the head of a bear, as
life-like as stone can be, and
appearing as if the head had just been
thrust through the face of
stone: on the north side is the head of
a wolf, similarly carved:
Simon Kenton. 37
and on the east side is the head of a panther. The design is by J. Q. A. Ward, the celebrated sculptor, now of New York, but a native of Urbana. His grandfather originally owned the land on which Urbana is built, and for many years the elder Ward and Kenton were intimate friends. One cut shows the south |
|
face and the west; the other the north face and the west. It was found that in this way the little old-fashioned grave stone seen near the north face, could be better brought into view. By means of a magnifying glass, the greater part of the inscription can be read. It is given below. On the south face we find, |
38
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
1755-1836
SIMON KENTON
On the north face near the top are the
words,
ERECTED BY THE STATE OF OHIO,
1884.
I understand that the small grave stone
above mentioned
was brought from the graveyard near his
residence in Logan
county, where the body of Kenton had
lain for nearly half a cen-
tury.
Here is the inscription on the old grave
stone:
IN
MEMORY
OF
SIMON KENTON
Who was born April 3, 1755 in Culpepper
Co., Va.,
and died April 29, 1836, aged 81
years and 26 days.
His fellow citizens of the West, will
long remember
him as the skilful pioneer of early
times, the brave
soldier, and the honest man.
Simon Kenton. 39 An epitaph written by Collins on another occasion may fit- tingly close this brief sketch.
"How sleep the brave, who sink to rest, By all their country's wishes blest! When Spring with dewy fingers cold, Returns to deck their hallow'd mould, She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. By fairy hands their knell is rung, By forms unseen their dirge is sung; There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray, To bless the turf that wraps their clay; And Freedom shall awhile repair, To dwell, a weeping hermit, there." |
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OHIO
Archaeological and Historical
PUBLICATIONS.
SIMON KENTON.
PROF. R. W. M'FARLAND.
SECTION I.
PRELIMINARY NOTE.
It may seem to many people that enough
has already been
written both of Boone and Kenton: the
first having been the
most prominent early settler of
Kentucky; the second having
been the scout who did probably more
than any one else, not ex-
cepting Boone himself, to save the
settlers from the tomahawk
and scalping knife of the Indian. By
Boone's own account, it
appears that he, John Finley, John
Stewart, and three others left
their homes on the Yadkin river, North
Carolina "in quest of the
country of Kentucky. This was in May,
1769, and 'on the 7th'
day of June following, we found
ourselves on Red river, the
northernmost branch of the Kentucky
river."
The party continued hunting with great
success throughout
the summer and fall, as late as December
22d. Soon after this
date, Stewart was killed by the Indians,
the first victim to fall,
so far as is known. Estimates of the number
of men, women,
and children killed by the savages from
1770 to 1790, vary from
fifteen hundred or two thousand. No one
puts the number be-
low the smaller of these two numbers. Of
course the exact
number can never be known; but it is an
appalling list, viewed
in any light whatever.
Vol. XIII.- 1. (1)