76 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
on the west, much pleased with the town
of cincinnati, think
it is the greatest place for business I
ever saw, verry far sur-
passes Baltimore in my opinion for all
kinds of business. We
visited the market house in the morning
and where verry much
surprised at seaing 500 waggons their
loaded with all kinds
of marketing, but, were told that it was
not an uncomon thing
to sea 700 waggons there of a
morning. The population of
Cincinnati is said to be 39000, their
was 1000 houses put up
their last year and 1000 more under
construction this spring.
May 25th.
Left Cincinnati thence immeadiately up
the Ohio river 18
miles viewing the fine bottoms all along
the river, but was verry
much surprised seaing the trees markt
all along the river where
the water had reacht to at the time of
the great freshet this
spring the river then being 62 feet
above low water. This
evening we got to Samuel Behammers,
where we had expected
to have found Aunt Margaret Logan but on
inquiry we found
that she had been dead about four years.
May 26th.
Left Behammers, thence north west 2 miles to
William
Dunhams who has a verry fine farm for
sale 2 miles
from the
Ohio river and 16 miles from Cincinnati,
180 acres in the tract
with about 100 acres cleared on it. This
farm is well improved
with a verry large fine brick house and
large fraim barn, well
watered but scarce of timber. His price for the farm is 2300
dollars cash or 2500 in three
payments. from here we steared
our coarse east through Clearmont county
19 miles
through
broken poor country to one Mr. Rosses 5
miles east of Williams-
burg where we remained for the knight.
May 27th.
Left Mr. Rosses continued our coarse
east 22 miles through
the white oak swamp nearly all the way
to Hillsborough the
county seat of Highland County, here we
remained for the
knight.
The corn and wheat maid in this county last year
looks worth all most as mutch again as
it did in aney of the
country west of this and I am told that
on the Ohio river they
will give from five to ten cents a
bushel more for the wheat
raised in Hiland county than for aney
other, wheat here generally
weys from 63 to 66 lbs to the
bushel. We traveled about
diferent directions through the east and
south parts of this
county. Came across a man by the name of
Anthony Caplinger,
10 miles south of Hillsborough who ownd
a farm of 252 acres,
He haveing had a faling out with his
bretherern the Dunkers,
Diary of Aaron Miller 77
in conciquance of this preacher not
living right as he thaught
on account of whitch they split and
their meatings were broken
up, be being dissatisfied and wishing to
move into another
Dunker settlement, offered his land for
sale, after viewing it I
thought it about such a farm as I
wanted, there is about 120
acres cleared on it under good fence and
in a high state of
cultivation, all the fields which are
not now in cultivation are
finely set with clover big enough to
mow. The buildings are
tolearable good I would say that all the
buildings that are on
the farm could not be put their for less
than eight hundred
dollars, his price for this farm was
fifteen hundred dollars, find-
ing that we could not bargain for the
land alone I proposed
buying him out all togeather; land with
all growing on it and
all his personal property except his
waggon and horses beads
and beading and such things as he might
want to load one
waggon with, he said that he would
prefer selling in that way as
he did not know how far he might move. I
then askt him what
was the lowest he would take in cash for
the whole together and
he said he would take $1600. dollars
cash for the whole, I then
told him I would give him 1500 cash for
the whole togather and
that he might now take his chois for I
would not give aney
more, after standing a little he said it
was a bargain we then
closed by article of agreement the next
day we wrode about
10 miles north,
where we found a farm to suit brother Daniel,
which farm he bot for 1600 dollars. In the tract a verry
handsome farm well improved. Daniel says it is the only
farm he ever saw in his life that
exactly pleased him.
June Ist.
Left Highland county thence into Ros
county direct on to
chilacothe where we remained for the
knight. Found the town
improveing verry fast since they have
got the advantages of
the canel which is now done 20 miles
below the town, and the
balance under contract to points north,
the contractors bound
to have it done by next fall, at which
time they will have the
advantage of the new york market and the
new Orleans market,
sertainly verry great are the advantages
of this canal of the
state of Ohio, there is a great eal of
verry fine land in Ros
county, but some parts of it thought not
to be healthey, par-
ticularly the part surrounding the sioto
river. Likewise, some
of the bottoms of paint creek whitch
allso are seling high.
June 2nd.
After tending the market this morning in
chilacothe and
being much pleased at seaing the brisk
sales that were maid, we
left their for home. Wrode to Kingstown,
10 miles through a
78 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
verry fine rich settlement, lands worth
from 10 to 30 dollars per
acre. Badly watered, no spring water,
and verry little water
for stock, thence to Tarleton, a small
town on the east line
of pickaway county, thence to New
Lankester, the county town
of Fairfield county, this county is
principally settled with Jer-
mans. Farms in fine order with good
buildings. Town verry
flourishing, they have commenced cuting
a canal from this place
to intersect the Cleveland canal, a
distance of eight miles. This
canal is done by subscription, there is
to be no locks in it, say
they will have it done by next fall.
June 3rd.
Left New Lankester, thence through perry
county on to
Zainesville in Muskingdom county. The
country lying between
Zainesville and chilacothe, distance 70
miles, generally good
wheat land, lays high and roaling, and
some of it a good eal
broken up, on the whole I would call it
about second quality,
worth from 5 to $30 per acre.
June 7th.
Left the turnpike 5 miles east of
Wheeling at Henry Clays
monument, thence a little south of east,
9 miles to West Union,
in Ohio county, Virginia, this afternoon
we discovered two
wild dear runing through the woods, the
first we have seen,
from here we wrode through Washington
county, pencilvaney,
thence through Green county to
Wainsburg, the county town of
Green county. Here we had intended turning of south to
Middletown on the Monnongahaly river in
search of Doct. T. H.
Davis but on inquiry where told that we
were yet 40 miles
from the place and that this was no
direct road leading to the
place but all the way winding among the
hills and then we
would have to pas through a verry
mountainious country, with
a bad road all the way to Winchester,
finding our horses giting
verry tired from the journey all ready,
and we anxious to git
home, Daniel said he could not think of
takeing the round, he
being under the neadcesity of returning
home by the 15th of
June.
We then continued our coarse on the state road 36
miles to Uniontown on the National
turnpike.
The country from where we left the
turnpike 5 miles on
this side of wheeling through Ohio and
Green countyes on to
Waynesburg, is a verry poor mountainious
country, with here
and their a few small farms stuck about
in the hallows. With-
out aney form, or I had likt to have
said, comliness, the country
inhabited with bares, wolves, panthers
and some wild dear,
soon after we left Wainesburg we got
into a verry beautifull
country, verry fine farms all along the
road to Uniontown,
Diary of Aaron Miller 79 worth from 15 to 18 dollars per acre, sixty one miles from Uniontown to Cumberland to which place I now skip, haveing given some discription of the country in my rout out. June 11th. Left Bruces on the turnpike 5 miles west of Cumberland, we are now in Merriland and but 2 miles from the line of Pa. and 5 miles from Va. You can go into three states here by wriding 7 miles. Here we took the Winchester road on through Hampshare and Jefferson on to Winchester distance 60 miles, pasing through a verry poor mountainious country until we got within 4 miles of Winchester, here we came into a rich limestone valley clear on to Sniggers ferry on the Shanadone river. I would just remark that in all the route which I have taken the wheat crop looks bad. I would say that one half of the fields would not pay a man for cuting and thrashing, and again I would say through away one half of the fields and say nothing about them, that the other half would be about half of a crop. [THE END.] |
|
DEDICATION
OF THE JAMES E. CAMPBELL ELM
On October
20, 1923, very interesting exercises were
held in the
State House Grounds at Columbus on the
occasion of
the dedication of the James E. Campbell
Elm, a
seedling from the famous Logan Elm in Picka-
way County
under which the speech or message of the
Indian
chief Logan was dictated and sent to Lord Dun-
more who
was holding a peace conference with the
Indians at
Camp Charlotte seven miles distant, Octo-
ber,
1774. These exercises were arranged by
Mr.
Frank
Tallmadge, Chairman of the Logan Elm Com-
mittee of
the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical
Society.
Following is the interesting program, impres-
sively and
pleasingly rendered on schedule time:
PROGRAM
INVOCATION
......... ........................REV.
SIDNEY E. SWEET
FOREWORD
......... ...........................FRANK
TALLMADGE
Chairman,
Logan Elm Committee, of the Ohio State
Archaeological
and Historical Society, introducing the
CHAIRMAN OF
THE EXERCISES ............... C. B. GALBREATH
Secretary
and Librarian, Ohio State Archaeological
and
Historical Society
PLANTING
SONG .................................... TRINITY
CHOIR
LED BY
PROFESSOR KARL HOENIG
(Tune:
"America")
God save these
trees we plant, When they are
ripe to fall,
And to all
nature grant Neighbored
by trees as tall,
Sunshine and
rain. Shape them for good.
Let not
their branched fade, Shape
them to bench and stool,
Save them
from ax and spade, Shape
them to square and rule,
Save them
for joy and shade-- Shape
them for home and school,
Guarding the
plain. God bless the wood.
Lord of the
earth and seas,
Prosper our
planted trees,
Save with
Thy might.
Save us from
indolence,
Waste and improvidence,
And in Thy
excellence,
Lead us
aright.
(80)
Dedication of the
James E. Campbell Elm 81
RECITATION,
"Trees" ...................... Poem by JOYCE KILMER
To be spoken by the
audience in concert
I think that I shall
never see A tree
that may in summer wear
A poem lovely as a
tree. A nest
of robins in her hair.
A tree whose hungry mouth is Upon whose bosom snow
has
prest lain;
Against the earth's
sweet flowing Who
intimately lives with rain.
breast. Poems
are made by fools like
A tree that looks at
God all day me,
And lifts her leafy arms to
pray. But only God can make a tree.
WHAT THE TREES TEACH
US
(Fourteen Rhymes for
Individual Recitations)
I am taught by the Oak
to be rugged and strong
In defense of the
right, in defiance of wrong.
I have learned from
the Maple, that beauty to win
The love of all
hearts, must have sweetness within
The Beech, with its
branches wide-spreading and low,
Awakes in my heart
hospitality's glow.
The Pine tells of
constancy. In its sweet voice,
It whispers of hope
till sad mortals rejoice.
The nut-bearing trees
teach that 'neath manners gruff
May be found as
"sweet kernels" as in their caskets rough.
The Birch, in its
wrappings of silvery gray,
Shows that beauty
needs not to make gorgeous display.
The Ash, having fibers
tenacious and strong,
Teaches me firm
resistance, to battle with wrong.
The Aspen tells me
with its quivering leaves,
To be gentle to every
sad creature that grieves.
The Elm teaches me to
be pliant yet true;
Though bowed by rude
winds, it still rises anew.
The Lombardy Poplars
point upward in praise,
My voice to kind
Heaven they teach me to raise.
I am taught
generosity, boundless and free,
By showers of fruit
from the dear Apple tree.
The Cherry tree
blushing with fruit crimson red,
Tells of God's free
abundance that all may be fed.
In the beautiful
Linden, so fair to the sight,
This truth I discern:
It is inwardly white.
The firm-rooted
Cedars, like sentries of old,
Show that virtues
deep-rooted may also be gold.
Vol. XXXIII--6. -- HELEN O. HOYT.
82 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society
Publications
DEDICATION OF THE
TREE
Chairman--What tree
does this seedling spring from?
Reply by
Audience--The Logan Elm.
Chairman--How old is
the Logan Elm?
Reply by Audience--It
is the oldest living thing in Ohio.
It has lived in four
centuries.
Chairman--In whose
honor is this little tree now planted
and dedicated?
Reply by
Audience--James E. Campbell.
PRESENTATION OF THE
TREE............ HON. HENRY J. BOOTH
On behalf of the
Logan Elm Committee to the State of Ohio
ACCEPTANCE
.............................GOVERNOR A. V. DONAHEY
TREE PLANTING SONG
.............................TRINITY CHOIR
To be joined by the
audience
(Tune:
"America")
1 Joy for the sturdy
trees, 3
Select the strong, the fair,
Fanned by each
fragrant breeze, Plant
them with earnest care,
Lovely they
stand! No toil is vain.
The song birds o'er
them trill, Plant in a
fitter place,
They shade each
tinkling rill, Where,
like a lovely face,
They crown each
swelling hill, Let in
some sweeter grace,
Lowly or grand. Change may prove gain.
2 Plant them by
stream and way, 4 God
will His blessing send,
Plant where the
children play All
things on Him depend,
And toilers
rest; His loving care
In every verdant
vale, Clings
to each leaf and flower
On every sunny swale
-- Like ivy
to its tower.
Whether to grow or
fail, His
presence and His power
God knows best. Are everywhere.
-- S. F. SMITH.
BENEDICTION
In calling the
assemblage to order Mr. Frank Tall-
madge spoke as
follows:
There have been three
forces that have called us together
today in the
dedication of this little tree: our love of history,
our love of nature
and the love we bear for one man, the first
citizen of this
State. I bespeak your interest in the
program
and ask that all join
in the songs to the well known tune of
America.
Mr. E. F. Wood,
Treasurer of the Ohio State Archaeological
and Historical
Society, has kindly consented to act as Chairman
in the place of our
Secretary, Mr. C. B. Galbreath, who is
detained at home on
account of a severe cold.
After the
introductory and dedicatory exercises the
chairman introduced
Hon. Henry J. Booth, who in
Dedication of the James E. Campbell
Elm 83
behalf of the Logan Elm Committee presented the
Campbell Logan Elm to the State in the
following ad-
dress:
Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens: As I take it, the pri-
mary purpose of planting here today a
scion of the most cele-
brated of all historic trees west of the
Allegheny Mountains, to
bear the name of our most distinguished
citizen, is to establish a
precedent which will promote a more
active interest in the
public parks of the State, and more
especially to lead to the
restoration of this park to the
condition contemplated by those
who dedicated it to public use.
Let us hope that our exercises here
today will be considered
also as a protest against the neglect which
has resulted in starv-
ing to death nearly all of the trees of
larger growth which were
planted here nearly a hundred years ago.
Let us hope also that this occasion will
be accepted as a
meritorious appeal to our state
officials to commence at once the
work of reparation for the results of
past indifference and
neglect.
For many years this was a well shaded
lawn. It so re-
mained until after Governor Campbell
left the office in which
he served the public with such signal
ability. Of the many
majestic elms which then surrounded the
capital building but
few remained when Governor Donahey
succeeded to that high
office. Therefore we may absolve both of
them from responsi-
bility for the deplorable conditions
which now exist. One of
the causes directly contributing to the
death and removal of
nearly all of the larger trees which
were originally planted here
was their location too close to the
streets. Other preventable
causes constitute another story, which
cannot now be told for
lack of time.
Passing now from the consideration of
what has occurred
in the past, let me attempt to justify a
statement concerning the
condition of these grounds made a year
or two ago at a meeting
of the Ohio State Archaeological and
Historical Society, but
now made for the first time in public,
by this quotation from
the Mormon Bible:
"Blessed is he that bloweth his own
horn, for whoso-
ever bloweth not his own horn, his horn
shall not be blown."
Therefore, I take the liberty of saying
to you now, as I said to
the members of that Society at that
time, the condition of
this park is a disgrace to the State of
Ohio. Nearly all of the
larger trees, the dead and the dying,
have been removed. Every-
where about us appear the vacant spaces
where once they stood.
84 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
Others should be planted to supersede
them, but in locations
more wisely chosen. This should be considered not only a
public duty, but also a personal
pleasure. We commence that
work today.
In rapid succession we hope others will
be planted bearing
the names of other distinguished
citizens. They will doubtless
represent various suitable varieties,
including perhaps the elm,
the oak, the hickory, the buckeye, and
other varieties, both large
and small. And in order to develop and perpetuate their
growth, we must feed and water every
tree according to its needs.
For food and water are as vitally
necessary to the life and well-
being of every tree as they are to every
human being and to
every animal of the field and forest.
Nature takes care of her trees in their
natural habitat, but
when man deprives them of such
surroundings, he must supply
their food and drink. In the care of
state parks, that duty rests
directly upon the state.
To promulgate that idea, representatives
of The Ohio
Archaeological and Historical Society
now tender to the state,
through Governor Donahey, a seedling of
the Logan Elm, a tree
which became historic one hundred and
forty-nine years ago,
and, with proper care, may yet add to
its present age another
hundred years.
As this little tree was selected and
brought here by Mr.
Frank Tallmadge, now and for many years
past chairman of
the Committee which is entrusted with
the care of the parent
tree, there can be no doubt as to the
lineage and identity of the
seedling. He knows the Logan Elm as well as he knows his
Catechism. It is as dear to him as the
apple of his eye.
In closing permit me to add that no
other name in Ohio,
so appropriate as his, could be selected
for a place on this tree
as that of James E. Campbell. We hope that the tree now
planted will serve its cherished purpose
during all the years
which may be allotted to it by a
beneficent Providence. The
man whose name it bears will be known
and honored as long as
American history is read -- time without
end.
In the unavoidable absence of Governor
A. V.
Donahey from the city, his Secretary,
Mr. J. A. Meck-
stroth, accepted for the State the James
E. Campbell
Elm in the following appreciative and
appropriate ad-
dress:
Mr. Chairman, Ladies and
Gentlemen: I wish Governor
Donahey might be here today. Had he not
been called to Wash-
ington I am sure he would be present.
Dedication of the James E. Campbell
Elm 85
This is the kind of ceremony the
Governor would enjoy.
He is a lover of the pioneer and Indian
history of Ohio. He
can find more arrow-heads and other
Indian relics on an acre
of soil than any man I've ever known. I
have heard the Gov-
ernor talk about the Logan Elm. He visits the tree at every
opportunity. He is a lover of trees in general. I have heard
him say trees are like people. Every tree in a forest can be
likened to some person of your
acquaintance, he says. Trees
range from seedlings to maturity, from
youth to old age. You
can pick out the individual trees that
had the best opportunity
in life -- those that had health, food,
water and proper ventila-
tion and those that were not so
fortunate. You find trees whose
broken limbs signify they met with an
accident. And so on in-
definitely -- just as in the human race.
I am sure we all have a high
appreciation for the good
work of Mr. Tallmadge, who has made the
Logan Elm his
hobby. If you haven't seen this tree in
recent years you should
go and see how Mr. Tallmadge is feeding
it and how it has
developed and improved. If Mr. Tallmadge were to live as
long as the Logan Elm will yet live,
under the kind of care he
is giving it, he will live another
century and maybe two. After
the recent death of the Washington Elm,
the Logan Elm now
is probably the most famous tree in the
country.
I need not express the admiration we all
have for grand
old Governor Campbell, in whose honor a
seedling of the
Logan Elm is planted here today. And so, for the reasons I
have given, I know the Governor would
have liked to be here
to accept for the State this seedling of
the oldest tree in Ohio
in honor of the oldest living former
Governor of the State.
And I also know if the Governor were
here he would propose
that next year the Ohio Archaeological
and Historical Society
plant another seedling in the State
House yard in honor of the
Logan Elm's guardian angel, Mr.
Tallmadge.
And now, not being an orator like Mr.
Booth, who made the
presentation speech, or even like old
Chief Logan, I don't know
what else to say except that it is a
great pleasure for me to
accept this little tree in behalf of the
State. I hope it may
live and grow big and sturdy and thereby
perpetuate the tradi-
tions of its parent and the memory of
Governor Campbell. I
hope other seedlings of the same tree
may be planted. The
time will come when the Logan Elm,
Governor Campbell, Mr.
Tallmadge and all of us will be dead and
gone, but through such
thoughtful functions as this today the
traditions of our pioneer
history and the memory of distinguished
citizens may be carried
to future citizens of Ohio by future
generations of the Logan
Elm.
86 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
Governor Campbell, the recipient of the
special
honor of this occasion, was present and
in a very happy
address expressed his appreciation in
this living testi-
monial of the regard in which he is
held. With the
singing of the "tree planting
song" by the Trinity Choir
and benediction the delightful and
impressive program
of the afternoon was concluded.
PETER NAVARRE DAY.
On Saturday afternoon, October 6, 1923,
Peter Na-
varre Day was appropriately celebrated
in Toledo by
the dedication of the Peter Navarre
Memorial in St.
Mary's Cemetery under the auspices of
the United
States Daughters of 1812. Following is
the program
of the exercises:
Music
...............................................Fred Lower's Band
Singing........................................."Star
Spangled Banner"
Led by Mrs. Nelson A. Galbraith
Custodian of the Flag
Invocation .............................Rev. Patrick O'Brien
Address
...............................Hon. Mayor Bernard F. Brough
Master of Ceremonies
Presentation of Cemetery Plot to the
Peter Navarre Chapter, N. S.
U. S. Daughters of 1812 ......By the
Rev. Francis Hiermann, S. J.
Pastor of St. Mary's Church
Acceptance by the
Regent..........................Mrs. Kent Hamilton
Music
................... .......... .............. Lower's Band
Unveiling of Memorial.......By the
Chapter and Hon. Regents for Life
Mrs. Helen Wolcott Dimick, State
President
Mrs. George B. Orwig, Hon. Organizing
Regent
Led by the Chaplain and Ex-Regent, Mrs.
Robert C. Bowlus
Assisted by Girl Scouts
Address -- "Peter
Navarre".........................Hon. George Sheets
Singing ...................... "America"
Led by Mrs. Nelson A. Galbraith
Peter Navarre was born in Detroit in
1785. He
died in East Toledo, March 20, 1874, in
his eighty-ninth
year. He rendered distinguished services
in the War
of 1812, acting as a scout for General
William Henry
Harrison.
At the dedication of the Memorial our
Society was
represented by Mr. W. J. Sherman of
Toledo.
UNVEILING OF TABLET AT FORT GOWER
Appropriate and interesting exercises
marked the
unveiling of a tablet by the Ohio
Daughters of the
American Revolution on the site of old
Fort Gower at
Hockingport, Athens County, Ohio. The
exercises
preliminary to the dedication were held
in the city of
Athens Friday evening, November 9. The
formal
dedication and unveiling of the tablet
occurred on the
day following at Hockingport. The
granite monument
bears two tablets, one commemorating
the building of
the Fort by Lord Dunmore on his way to
the Pickaway
Plains and the resolutions adopted by
Dunmore's offi-
cers expressing sympathy with their
revolutionary
brethren in the Continental Congress;
the other in
honor of Colonel Robert Patterson and
his associates
who were here attacked by the Indians.
The program is here presented in full:
PROGRAM OF EXERCISES
UNVEILING TABLET AT HISTORIC FT. GOWER
by
OHIO DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
ATHENS, OHIO
Friday and Saturday, November 9th and
10th, 1923
Friday afternoon from three to five
o'clock, Nabby Lee Ames
Chapter will receive all visiting
Daughters at the home of Mrs. T.
Watson Craig.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 9th -- ATHENS
Ewing Hall, 7:30 P. M.
Presiding ...........................
Mrs. James T. Merwin
Regent, Nabby Lee Ames Chapter
Assembly
............................................. Vercoe Murphy
Bugler of The American Legion
(87)
88 Ohio Arch. and Hist.
Society Publications
Invocation ..............................Dr. Daniel
McGurk
Music.................................Ohio
University Girls' Glee Club
a. I know of two bright
eyes ............................Clutsam
b. Long Ago
................................... Marshall-Loetke
Polonaise -- MacDowell
.............................Miss Irene Witham
Presentation of
Memorial....................Mrs. O. D. Dailey, Albany
State Chairman,
Historic Spots
Acceptance of Memorial
..............Mrs. Lowell F. Hobart, Cincinnati
State Regent, Ohio D.
A. R.
Music
..................................Mrs. Helen Falloon Stevens
a. Thou art risen, my
beloved..................Coleridge Taylor
b. Ah! Love, but a day
...........................Hallet Gilberti
"Lest we
forget"..................................Dr. Garland, Dayton
Welfare Director, N. C.
R.
Address -- The Larger
Patriotism ....................Dr. Edwin Chubb
Dean of the College of
Liberal Arts, Ohio University
America
Benediction ............................ .Dr. Abbott Y. Wilcox
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 10th
Hockingport, Site of
Ft. Gower
1:00 o'clock P. M.
Presiding........................Mrs.
Lowell F. Hobart, State Regent
America
Dedication...........................Mrs.
Wm. Magee Wilson, Xenia
Vice President General
from Ohio, N. S. D. A. R.
Unveiling........................Mrs.
Orson Dryer, Columbus
Assistants--Margaret
Townsend Porter
Marjorie Boyles
Charge to the Nabby Lee
Ames Chapter ....................Mrs. Hobart
State Regent, Ohio D.
A. R.
Acceptance of
Charge....................... Miss Helen Mar Townsend
Chairman of Historic
Spots, Nabby Lee Ames Chapter
Star Spangled Banner
The local papers give
liberal space to this event.
The following account
is from the Athens
Messenger
of November 11, 1923:
Most impressive were
the services at Hockingport Satur-
day afternoon when the
Ohio Daughters of the American Revo-
lution unveiled and
dedicated the tablet marking the historic
site of Fort Gower
where the first American Declaration of In-
dependence was made in
1774. Among those attending the cere-
monies were 40
representatives from other state chapters who
were very much pleased
with the services held at Hockingport.
Many of the visitors
arrived in Athens on Friday and in
Unveiling of Tablet at Fort
Gower 89
the afternoon they were entertained with
a reception at the home
of Mrs. T. W. Craig. In the evening the memorial was
pre-
sented to the Ohio D. A. R. by Mrs. O.
D. Dailey, of Albany,
who is state chairman of the committee
on historic spots. Mrs.
Dailey reviewed the historic interest of
Fort Gower and the me-
morial was accepted by Mrs. Lowell F.
Hobart, of Cincinnati,
the state regent.
Two splendid addresses of a patriotic
nature were delivered
by Dr. Garland, of Dayton, and by Dean
Edwin Chubb, of the
Ohio University. Dr. Garland represented John Patterson,
president of the National Cash Register
Co., of Dayton, who
donated one of the tablets on the
memorial and the address of
Dr. Garland stressed the importance of
remembering the scenes
of historical importance, together with
pioneers who made the
development of the country
possible. Dean Chubb's address
was a fine one on "The Larger
Patriotism."
Music was furnished for the occasion by
the Ohio Uni-
versity Girls' Glee Club, Mrs. Helen
Falloon Stevens and Miss
Irene Witham. Mrs. James T. Merwin,
regent of the Nabby
Lee Ames Chapter, presided, the
invocation being asked by Dr.
Daniel McGurk and the benediction being
pronounced by Dr.
A. Y. Wilcox.
The trip to Hockingport, which was gaily
decorated with
flags in honor of the occasion, was made
by automobile. Mrs.
Lowell F. Hobart, the state regent,
presided during the cere-
monies which were opened with the
singing of "America," by
the audience. The dedication address was
made by Mrs. Wil-
liam Magee Wilson, of Xenia,
vice-president general of the
National D. A. R. The unveiling of the memorial was done
by Mrs. Orson Dryer, of Columbus,
assisted by the Misses
Margaret Porter and Marjorie Boyles, of
Athens.
The memorial is a granite block cut from
the quarries near
Stony Creek battlefield in Connecticut.
It is six feet high, four
feet wide, and two feet thick, and two
of its sides are bronze
tablets telling the history of the site
it marks and its dedication
by the Ohio D. A. R. Its charge was
given to the Nabby Lee
Ames Chapter of Athens by State Regent
Mrs. Hobart, and the
charge was accepted by Miss Helen M.
Townsend, chairman of
the historic spots of the local chapter.
We have received a full report of two
of the ad-
dresses. In presenting the memorial
Mrs. O. D. Dailey
spoke as follows:
90 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
Students of history have long been aware
that no state of
the Northwest Territory can boast of so
many forts and stock-
ades as Ohio. Yet, up to the present
year, no fort was so little
known or so little heralded as Fort
Gower. However, recent
historians have brought it out of its
obscurity, and are placing
it among the most significant of western
forts, because at this
place occurred an event which gives to
Ohio, which gives to
Athens County, so to speak, the claim
upon a Revolutionary site.
It is not for me to enter upon any
detailed history of this
event, but, that we may understand the
motive which prompted
7,000 of Ohio's Daughters to select this
site as deserving some
mark of recognition, it becomes
necessary to state a few facts.
In 1774 the English Parliament affirmed
the detested Quebec
Act, passed eleven years before, which
gave Quebec jurisdiction
over the territory West and North of the
Ohio river, known as
the Northwest Territory. The American colonists were for-
bidden to settle in this region. Pennsylvania did not object so
seriously to this act, for their trade
with the Indians would be
even more secure if fewer settlements
were made.
But the Virginians did not give up so
easily. They claimed
that their charter extended into the
Ohio country, and that
they had a right to settle there. Consequently, Lord Dunmore,
last royal Governor of Virginia, planned
an expedition into Ohio,
ostensibly to punish the Indians for
frequent excursions across
the Ohio river. General Andrew Lewis,
who was put in com-
mand of another division of 1500 men,
which was eventually
to join Lord Dunmore's division, went
down the Kanawha as
far as Point Pleasant. Here on October
10, occurred the bloody
battle which drove Cornstalk and his
1000 brave Indians back
across the Ohio river.
In the meantime Lord Dunmore with his
men followed his
guides down the Ohio river until they
arrived at the mouth of
the Hock-hocking river, where they built
a stockade and named
it Fort Gower. Leaving a garrison of 100 men to guard the
Fort, Lord Dunmore and his army marched
up the Hock-hocking
valley, past the present site of Athens,
camped on Sunday at
Sunday Creek, on Monday at Monday Creek,
thence by the
present site of Logan, southwest to
within seven miles of Circle-
ville, where Camp Charlotte was
established. Here a few days
later the famous treaty with the Indians
was made which closed
Lord Dunmore's War.
Returning to Fort Gower they there
learned that couriers had
arrived in their absence, announcing the
action of the first Con-
tinental Congress, assembled at
Philadelphia, September 5, 1774.
It was at this time that the event
occurred which concerns us
and our interests.
Unveiling of Tablet at Fort
Gower 91
Immediately the officers of Lord
Dunmore held a meeting,
and in order to assure their countrymen
on the frontier, in the
great crisis that had arisen, that they
were ready at all times to
defend their country, drew up a set of resolutions saying that
they would be loyal to King
George the Third so long as he
delighted to reign justly over a
brave and free people, but
"as
the love of liberty and attachment
to the real interests of America
outweigh every other consideration,
we resolve that we will exert
every power within us for the defense
of American liberty, and
for the support of her just rights and privileges, not in
any
riotous manner, but when regularly
called forth by the unani-
mous voice of our countrymen."
Thus an independence was
virtually declared upon Ohio soil,
upon the banks of the Hock-hocking, in
what is now Athens
County, by these sturdy Virginians, more than one and a half
years before old Liberty Bell pealed
forth her message of
freedom.
Theodore Roosevelt in his "Winning
of the West" makes
this statement: "Lord Dunmore's War with the Indians
was
the opening act of the drama whereof the
closing scene was
played at Yorktown." The declaration at Fort Gower was a
part of this War.
At Point Pleasant, West Va., stands a
marble shaft erected
by the Daughters of the American
Revolution of that State,
in memory of the patriots who shed their
blood in the first battle
of that war.
The far-famed Logan Elm is a natural
memorial for the
events which center around the treaty
with the Indians, which
closed that War. Fort Gower has remained in its obscurity,
unmarked.
But, as State Chairman of Historic
Sites, it has been my
pleasant duty to carry out one of the
purposes of the organiza-
tion of the Daughters of the American
Revolution, which is
"to perpetuate the memory and
spirit of the men and women
who achieved Independence by the acquisition
and protection of
historic sites," therefore, I beg to report to the State Regent of
that organization, in behalf of the Ohio
Daughters, that Fort
Gower is no longer unmarked, for
there, too, now stands a
huge granite boulder whose bronze tablet
bears a message com-
memorating the men who at that spot, on
November 5, 1774,
were among the first of our country to
express the spirit of
American independence.
At Hockingport in directing the
unveiling of the
tablet Mrs. Orson D. Dryer spoke as
follows:
92 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
Madam Vice-president General, Madam
State Regent,
Daughters of Ohio and Friends: Would that I had the words
of a poet and the gift of an artist that
I might paint a word
picture that would, in a measure bring
to your minds the scene
enacted here one hundred and forty-nine
years ago.
When John Murray, Earl of Dunmore, Royal
Governor of
Virginia, arrived here with twelve
hundred Virginians whom he
had led through the mountains to Fort
Pitt and from there by
boat to the mouth of Hock-hocking, he
built and garrisoned a
small stockade and named it Fort Gower,
in honor of the English
Earl. The site upon which the Virginian
army encamped was
one of awe-inspiring grandeur. Here were hills and valleys,
all covered with gigantic forests, the
growth of centuries, stand-
ing in their majesty and arrayed in the
colors of early October.
On October 11th, Dunmore and his army
left here on their
way to the Indian Villages. The army
camped the first night at
Federal, and the second at Sunday Creek,
both in Athens County.
At the third camp, near Nelsonville,
news was brought from
General Andrew Lewis of his victory, at
Point Pleasant, which
occasioned great joy among the troops.
Two days later a mes-
senger from Cornstalk, the Indian chief,
appeared, suing for
peace; but next day the army continued
its journey to the
Pickaway Plains, where it camped on the
bank of Scippo Creek,
at a place named Camp Charlotte. Here
the famous treaty with
the Indian chiefs occurred. What the
exact terms of that treaty
were is not now fully known. No copy of
the treaty can be found.
Whatever the terms, the results of the
Dunmore War were
most important. "It kept the
northwestern tribes quiet for the
first two years of the Revolutionary
struggle." Cornstalk
haughtily acceded to the terms of the
whites, but one distin-
guished chief who refused to be present
at that council, was
Logan. He said, "I am a warrior, not
a councilor" and would
not come.
The campaign had ended. The camp was
struck and the
soldiers took up their march from
Pickaway Plains back to the
Ohio. When Dunmore's army arrived at
Fort Gower the sol-
diers learned for the first time of the
action taken by the first
Continental Congress, which had
assembled at Philadelphia
September 5, 1774. The officers of the
army thereupon held a
meeting proclaiming their sympathy with
colonial independence.
A strange way for Virginia frontiersmen to celebrate
their
triumph over western Indians, and this
was six months before
the shot was fired at Lexington that was
"heard round the
world."
The resolutions passed November 5, 1774,
asserted loyalty to
Unveiling of Tablet at Fort
Gower 93
the king while "he delights to
reign over a brave and free
people," but declared that
"love of liberty outweighs all other
considerations," and they would
"exert every power" for its de-
fense when called forth by the voice of
their countrymen. They
also expressed the respect entertained
for Lord Dunmore, and
believed that the campaign was
undertaken from no other motive
than the true interest of this country.
These resolutions were
signed by Benjamin Ashby, Clerk, but it
is unfortunate that we
have no way of ascertaining who all the
other officers were, nor
whether Lord Dunmore had left the army
for Fort Pitt prior
to, or after the passage of these
resolutions.
General Adam Stephen was one of the
officers reported to
have made a speech at this time favoring
the colonial cause and
several of my ancestors took part in
this celebrated meeting. My
great-grandfather, Colonel Benjamin
Wilson, was aid-de-camp
on Lord Dunmore's staff, ranking as a lieutenant
at this time
and vested with the authority that goes
with that office, which
was then a much more important office
than now. Two of
Colonel Benjamin Wilson's brothers were
with him, namely John
and Archibald and two cousins, John and
William White.
Dunmore's army broke up into small
squads, which found
their way back to Fort Pitt as best they
might. The men suf-
fered for lack of provision and were
chiefly dependent upon
what game could be killed. Archibald
Wilson and William and
John White at their own request left the
army at Fort Gower
going home by the Shenandoah Valley,
making some "toma-
hawk improvements" by blazing the
trees and cutting initials
and date on them, which gave them a
valid title to land in
Virginia.
But the two White brothers were never
able to take up their
claims, as both of them were killed the
following year by
Indians.
There were a number of the officers in
this expedition
against the Indians, who became famous a
little later in the
Revolution.
Benjamin Wilson became a Colonel in the
Revolution. He
and his brother John were delegates to
the Virginia convention
which ratified the Constitution of the
United States.
It is a great honor you have conferred
upon me today in
permitting me to have the privilege of
unveiling this memorial
which has been erected by the Daughters
of the State of Ohio,
to commemorate the greatest event that
ever occurred on Ohio
soil.
I want to congratulate our chairman,
Mrs. O. D. Dailey on
having so successfully carried her plans through to
completion
94 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications and the Nabby Lee Ames chapter on being so fortunate as to live in this historic vicinity and to be the custodian of this wonderful boulder. As our young friends unveil this marker, will you with me, resolve on this historic spot, as our ancestors did a hundred and forty-nine years ago, "that we will exert every power within us for the defense of American liberty, and for the support of her just rights and privileges." |
|
OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY
REVIEWS, NOTES AND COMMENTS
BY THE EDITOR
MEETING OF AMERICAN HISTORICAL
ASSOCIATION
The annual meeting of the American
Historical
Association to which the attention of
the members of
the Society was invited by a circular
letter under date
of December 17, 1923, enclosing a
detailed program of
the meeting, was held on schedule time
in Columbus,
December 27-29, 1923. The sessions of
the Associa-
tion and the related societies that
held their meetings
on the same dates fully realized our
prediction that
this meeting would afford "an
opportunity for instruc-
tion, inspiration and rational
entertainment never be-
fore presented to Ohioans interested in
American his-
tory."
A detailed account of the sessions of
the Associa-
tion and other organizations meeting at
the same time
would fill a volume and cannot be
attempted here.
These proceedings will later be
published elsewhere and
will be available to all interested in
them. The pub-
lication of the report of the American
Historical Asso-
ciation by the United States
Government, like other
government printing, national and
local, is much delayed.
In answer to a letter of inquiry we
have learned direct
(95)
96 Ohio Arch. and Hist.
Society Publications
from Washington that the report for the
year 1919
has not yet been published. These
reports are of great
value, however, and are well worth
waiting for.
In the meantime valuable papers read at
the dif-
ferent sessions of the Association,
many of them, will
be available through other channels
before they are
published by the government four or
five years hence.
The meeting on Thursday evening,
December 27, in
the First Congregational Church was
largely attended
and the speakers were heard with
closest attention and
evident appreciation. Honorable James E. Campbell,
former Governor of Ohio and President
of the Ohio
State Archaeological and Historical
Society, presided
in his usual felicitous manner. In introducing Dr.
Harry A. Garfield, son of President
James A. Garfield,
Governor Campbell paid a brief but
sincere tribute to
the distinguished father of the speaker
and his sons
who have themselves won honorable
position in the
service of their country. Dr. Garfield had chosen as
the subject of his address,
"Recent Political Develop-
ment:
Progress or Change?" a subject entirely ap-
propriate but one that did not give
definite intimation
of the treat in store for the audience. The Columbus
Evening Dispatch editorially fittingly characterized this
address which was delivered in a
pleasing voice and
reached everyone in the audience:
Dr. Garfield, of the Political Scientist
Group, argued the
advisability of handling problems such
as the coal distribution
through the agency of two special
commissions, in addition to
the finally responsible government
officials -- one, a fact-finding
commission, the other an advisory
commission. The fact-finders
should have no power or responsibility
whatever except to find
out facts and arrange them in
intelligible form for use. The
Reviews, Notes and Comments 97
advisory commission should study these
facts and to the best
of its ability interpret their meaning, suggesting any
govern-
ment action which might seem advisable
as a result of that study,
but it should have power only to
advise, not to act. Our
ordinary constitutional agencies should
not have their powers
and responsibilities lessened in any
way whatever by the setting
up of these commissions. The argument
was put with clearness
and force and is well worthy of serious
consideration by Con-
gress and our state legislatures, which
would have to furnish
the legal authorization and financial
provision for such a plan.
The annual addresses by the Presidents
of the
American Historical Association have
almost without
exception been notable contributions to
history. So
true has this been that they are looked
forward to with
assured anticipation of a message of
more than ordi-
nary merit. Those who came to hear Dr.
Edward P.
Cheyney, President of the Association,
expected much
and they were not disappointed. The long continued
applause at the conclusion of his
address was a real
tribute from a discriminating audience.
Dr. Cheyney's subject was "Law in
History." He
began by pointing out a number of
incidents: a south-
west wind increasing to a gale on
August 10, 1588,
which drove the Spanish Armada through
the North
Sea to destruction; the advent of Anne
Boleyn, "black-
eyed, vivacious, charming," in the
reign of Henry VIII;
the incursion of Attila, King of the
Huns, into Gaul in
the middle of the fifth century; the
appearance of the
bubonic plague, the "black
death" in Europe in 1345,
"more devastating than the armies
of Attila"; the per-
sonality of Washington as a decisive influence
in the
American Revolution -- all these were
cited as super-
ficial indications that general laws do
not control the
course of history; that much is left to
chance influences
Vol. XXXIII -- 7.
98
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
and personalities outside of any
general law controlling
the course of events. "My allotted
time this evening,"
said the speaker, "could easily be
filled with a mere
enumeration of instances where great
and general
effects are asserted to have followed
upon certain ac-
cidental or personal causes. But are
these statements
of cause and effect true, or are the
appearances decep-
tive?
Have these events and personalities really had
the influence on the course of history
so easily and
naturally attributed to them? A hasty
reexamination of
the instances I have taken may suggest
the need of a
more adequate explanation. Although the
wind blew
from the southwest on the tenth of
August, 1588, it
did not blow adversely for the
Spaniards through the
whole twenty years of the Elizabethan
war. * * *
Can anyone believe that there would
have been no
Reformation in England in the sixteenth
century if
Henry VIII had not fallen in love with
Anne Boleyn?
* * * American independence as we look
on it now
was not the creation of Washington and
the 'Fathers'
but a necessary result of the
divergence of the two
countries. So it is with the other instances." The
speaker then led up to the conclusion
that "history, like
the stars, has been controlled by
immutable, self-existent
law, by what Mr. Gladstone in his
sonorous eloquence
once described in Parliament 'as those
great social
forces which move on in their might and
majesty, and
which the tumult of our debates does
not for a moment
impede or disturb.'"
Mr. Cheyney then proceeded to the
enumeration of
what he conceived to be some of the
laws of history.
Reviews, Notes and Comments 99
"Laws of history there must
be," said he, "and my
guesses at some of them are
these."
The laws that he suggests in the order
presented
were as follows:
1. "The law of continuity * * *
The con-
tinuity of history is not merely a
fact; it is a law. By
no voluntary action can any great
breach of historic
continuity be accomplished."
2. "A law of impermanence, of
mutability * * *.
Perhaps an America scornful of a League
of Nations,
wedded to isolation, struggling to keep
her life separate,
unconformable to a world that has been
made essentially
one by economic and intellectual
changes, may not be
able to survive. Thus the law of
mutability, of insta-
bility of nations, will receive one
more illustration."
3. "A law of interdependence --
interdependence
of individuals, of classes, of tribes,
of nations. The
human race seems to be essentially an
organism, a unit.
* * * No part of the human race in
history has
really progressed by the injury of
another. We have
all risen or fallen together. Conquests of one people
by another have always demoralized the
conquerors.
* * * Who shall say that France and
Italy, England and
the United States, are freer and better
countries since
the Great War than before? The fruits
of victory in
war have often proved to be apples of
Sodom, turning
to dust in the mouth."
4. "A law of democracy, a tendency
for all gov-
ernment to come under the control of
all the people.
* * * Who would not trust, if he may,
the instincts
and aspirations of the mass of the
people in the passage
100
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
perilous of the next few years, rather
than the vagaries
of a Mussolini, the obstinacy of a
Poincare, the
pedantry of a Lenin, or the narrow
vision and restricted
interests of any one class of the
people?"
5. "A law of necessity for free
consent. Human
beings are free agents in their
relations to other human
beings; they cannot permanently be
compelled. Not
only should all government be by the
consent of the
governed but all government has been by
the consent of
the governed. * * * The effects of
force in his-
tory have been temporary and partial
and illusory; vol-
untary acceptance alone has been
permanent and ade-
quate and substantial."
6. "A law of moral progress."
The speaker de-
clared that there seemed, "so far
as this groping search
extends," such a law. "Obscurely and slowly, yet vis-
ibly and measurably, moral influences
in human affairs
have become stronger and more fittingly
extended than
material influences."
After a recapitulation of these laws
which were
each appropriately set forth with
references not only
to past history but present conditions
the speaker said:
May I repeat that I do not conceive of
these generalizations
as principles which it would be well for
us to accept, or as
ideals which we may hope to attain; but
as natural laws, which
we must accept whether we want to or
not, whose workings
we cannot obviate, however much we may
thwart them to our
own failure and disadvantage; laws to be
accepted and reckoned
with as much as the laws of gravitation,
or of chemical affinity,
or of organic evolution, or of human
psychology.
Near the close of his address Dr.
Cheyney gave this
as his judgment of the practical use of
history:
Reviews, Notes and Comments 101
For practical uses, if history is to
have a practical use,
what we need is a clue to the future.
This a knowledge of the
laws of history might give us. If we
knew the laws of history
we might reason and act with the same
intelligence and precision
and anticipation of success with which
the engineer acts in con-
formity with the known laws of physics,
or the astronomer with
the laws of astronomy, or the cattle
breeder with the Mendelian
law of inheritance.
While there are doubtless those who
would not agree
with all of Dr. Cheyney's conclusions,
it will be gener-
ally admitted that his address, here
all too briefly re-
viewed, is timely and
thought-stimulating.
At the conference of Patriotic
Societies on Satur-
day afternoon, December 29, Professor
Carl Wittke of
the Ohio State University spoke on
"What the Patriotic
Societies can do to aid the
Organization of Work in
Ohio History." He reviewed briefly some of the
program adopted by the Ohio History
Commission and
made an appeal to the Patriotic
Societies to aid in the
collection and preservation of the
sources of local Ohio
history.
The business meeting of the Association
on Friday
afternoon lasted so late that but few
members found
time to inspect the collection of the
Ohio State Archaeo-
logical and Historical Society at 5:30
P. M., the hour
fixed in the program for this
inspection. In the course
of the three days' session, however,
many members at
other times visited the Museum and
Library Building
of the Society. The reception and
smoker given under
the auspices of the Society in the
Deshler at 9:30 Fri-
day evening was a great success -- a
most enjoyable
affair in every way. Practically all those in attend-
102
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
ance at the meeting were present and
expressions of
appreciation of this function were
frequently heard.
The program closed with the session of
the Con-
ference of State Historical Societies
at the Hotel
Deshler Saturday afternoon. Though this meeting
came at the end of the series when a
number of mem-
bers had to leave on early afternoon
trains, it was well
attended and there was a profitable
interchange of
views among those present.
Professor Wilbur H. Siebert of the Ohio
State Uni-
versity was accorded unstinted praise
for his very suc-
cessful arrangements for the
conference. He was
chairman of the Committee on Local
Arrangements,
and a number of delegates assured the
writer that at
no previous meeting of the Association
had the ar-
rangements been in every way more
satisfactory.
Woodrow Wilson, former President of the
United
States, was elected President of the
Association. Other
officers chosen are: Charles M. Andrews
and Dana C.
Monro, Vice-Presidents; John Spencer
Bassett, Secre-
tary; Charles Moore, Treasurer. Among
the members
of the council chosen were Professor A.
M. Schlesinger,
formerly of the Ohio State
University. Professor A.
C. Cole of the University was a member
of the nomi-
nating committee.
Reviews, Notes and Comments 103
Resolutions adopted by
THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION
at its Annual Meeting held at Columbus,
Ohio,
December 27-29, 1923
WHEREAS, there has been in progress for
several years an
agitation conducted by certain newspapers, patriotic
societies,
fraternal orders, and others, against a
number of school text-
books in history and in favor of
official censorship, and
WHEREAS, this propaganda has met with
sufficient success
to bring about not only acute
controversy in many cities but the
passage of censorship laws in several states,
therefore,
Be it resolved by the American Historical Association, upon
the recommendation of its Committee on History Teaching
in
the schools and of its Executive Council, that genuine
and in-
telligent patriotism, no less than the
requirements of honesty
and sound scholarship, demand that
textbook writers and
teachers should strive to present a
truthful picture of past and
present, with due regard to the
different purposes and possibili-
ties of elementary, secondary, and
advanced instruction; that
criticism of history textbooks should
therefore be based not upon
grounds of patriotism but only upon
grounds of faithfulness
to fact as determined by specialists or
tested by consideration
of the evidence; that the cultivation in
pupils of a scientific
temper in history and the related social
sciences, of a spirit of
inquiry and a willingness to face
unpleasant facts, are far more
important objectives than the teaching
of special interpretations
of particular events; and that attempts,
however well meant, to
foster national arrogance and
boastfulness and indiscriminate
worship of national "heroes"
can only tend to promote a harm-
ful pseudo-patriotism; and
Be it further resolved, that in the opinion of this Associa-
tion the clearly implied charges that many of our
leading
scholars are engaged in treasonable
propaganda and that tens
of thousands of American school teachers
and officials are so
stupid or disloyal as to place
treasonable textbooks in the hands
of childen is inherently and obviously
absurd; and
Be it further resolved, that the successful continuance of
such an agitation must inevitably bring
about a serious deteriora-
tion both of textbooks and of the
teaching of history in our
schools, since self-respecting scholars
and teachers will not stoop
to the methods advocated.
104 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
OHIO HISTORY DAY AT THE LOGAN ELM
A large and appreciative audience
assembled in
Logan Elm Park near the grand old tree
which gives it
its name to celebrate Ohio History Day
on October 7,
1923.
The local papers gave generous space to this
notable event. The Union Herald prefaces
an extended
account as follows:
The celebration of History day at Logan
Elm Park Sun-
day was attended by from 1500 to 1800
people from all over
central Ohio, and the great success of
the meeting must have
been most gratifying to Mrs. Howard
Jones who conceived the
splendid idea of getting together once a
year on this historic
spot to study the remarkable history of
our wonderful state.
The contemplation of the remarkable
success of the first
celebration must be doubly gratifying to
Mrs. Jones for the
reason that succeeding gatherings at the
park will naturally
grow larger year by year, as time goes
on. The permanency of
History day in the annals of Ohio is
assured now and future
gatherings will witness the assembling
of great crowds, not only
from central Ohio, but from the
furthermost corners of the
state.
Sunday's meeting was an inspiration to
all who were so
fortunate as to be present and the story
of the first History day
will be told and retold until its annual
celebration will be hailed
with joy and thanksgiving.
The day was ideal, the sun shone kindly
down on the people,
and nature, dressed in her best, never
gave forth a prettier pic-
ture. There was just enough tang in the
air to give zest to the
celebration and visitors from Columbus,
Canal Winchester,
Lancaster, Chillicothe, Washington C.
H., and nearby towns
felt richly repaid for their effort in
making the trip to Logan
Elm.
A very pleasing program was rendered
with Attorney Bar-
ton Walters presiding who in introducing each of the
speakers
gave some interesting bits of history.
The Democrat and Watchman was
equally felicitous
in the introductory paragraphs of its
account:
"Ohio History Day" at the
famous Logan Elm on last
Sunday, October 7, was enjoyable and
profitable from every
point of view.
Reviews, Notes and Comments 105
The day was typically autumnal. The sun
shone brightly
and in the bracing air there was just a
hint and tang of the
coming winter days. The branches of the
old elm, clothed in
the verdure worn for centuries, swayed in the breeze
and wel-
comed to its grateful shade, a
representative posterity, many
harvest moons removed from Dunmore
treaties and Chief Logan
laments.
The people came from all sections of
central Ohio, unmis-
takably impressed with the aim and
object of the occasion. It
was the largest audience ever yet
assembled at Logan Elm Park.
Attorney Barton Walters of Circleville
presided, and in a very
appropriate manner prefaced the splendid program of the
after-
noon. He then introduced Honorable John
F. Carlisle of Co-
lumbus, who spoke briefly but fittingly
concerning Ohio His-
tory Day, not forgetting to remind the
audience that this-to-be
annual event, had its conception in the
mind of Mrs. Dr.
Howard Jones of Park Place, Circleville;
and who, because of
several months of illness, was not
privileged, as it would have
been her pleasure, to take part in the exercises of the
occasion.
Mr. Carlisle closed his interesting
remarks with the reading of
lesson from one of the McGuffey Readers on "The North
American Indian."
Mrs. Herbert Backus, Vice Regent of the
Daughters of the
American Revolution, told, in a very
interesting manner how
her organization was taking steps to
memorialize important
events of the Revolution.
Mr. C. B. Galbreath, Secretary of the
Society, was
present and made a brief address
devoted to prominent
points in the Dunmore War and Logan's
famous mes-
sage to the peace conference with the
Indians at Camp
Charlotte, seven miles distant from the
Logan Elm.
He stated that the central virtue of
this message,
usually spoken of as Logan's speech,
was its arraign-
ment of ingratitude. He then read some
verses of his
own on the Logan Elm. These were
prominently pub-
lished in the local papers and in the
November issue of
the Ohio Educational Monthly. For generous notices
grateful acknowledgment is here
recorded.
106 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications FRANK L. PACKARD The announcement of the sudden death of Frank L. Packard on Friday morning, October 26, brought sadness to a wide circle of friends in Ohio and other states. In Columbus where he was personally known as almost no other citizen, the expressions of regret were general and sincere. The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, of which he had been a trustee
Reviews, Notes and Comments 107 neer of Delaware. Later he took special
courses in architecture and engineering at the
Ohio State Univer- sity and the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. He also studied in the offices of the
leading architects of New York City. In 1892 he came to Columbus, formed a
partner- ship with J. W. Yost and entered upon
the practice of his profession. In 1899 he acquired full interest in the firm. The list of buildings that he
planned is a long one.
The first big structure for which his plan was accepted on competition was the Girls'
Industrial Home near Delaware. Following this his plans were ac- cepted for other state buildings. A number of these are on the University grounds of the
capital city and the grounds of the other state
universities. His plans were accepted for the Lima State
Hospital for the Criminal Insane, one of the largest
structures of its kind in the world. Recently he was
selected by Presi- dent Harding to plan and superintend
the construction of the American Embassy building at Rio
Janeiro, Brazil, which was formally dedicated
last summer at the Brazilian Exposition. The papers announce that all told he had designed more than 3400
buildings. He was prominent in business and civic circles
in Colum- bus and was active officially in the
affairs of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church. In 1892 he was married to Eva L. Elliott, of Delaware, who
survives him. Edi- torially the Ohio State Journal pays
Mr. Packard this tribute: Mr. Packard was a great architect. He
was a great citizen, too. In these later years his time was
in constant demand but he always had it to spare for his city.
Anything, at any sacri- fice of his personal interests, which he
felt he could do for
108
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications Columbus, was done with generous
enthusiasm. To him more than to any other man Columbus owes the
fact that the dream of a Civic Center is becoming a reality.
That noble idea, in its concrete form at least, was Mr.
Packard's and many hours and days and weeks he gave to perfecting his
plans and to helping create an irresistible sentiment for
this greatest of city beauti- fications, this building for the future
of Columbus. What a monument this will be to a great
architect and a great citizen. PROFESSOR CHARLES SUMNER PLUMB. Professor Charles Sumner Plumb, author
of the leading contribution to this issue of
the QUARTERLY, was born in Westfield, Massachusetts,
April 21, 1860. He was graduated from the Massachusetts
Agricultural College at Amherst. For a time he was
engaged in editorial and agricultural experiment
work. Since September 1, 1892, he has been
professor of animal husbandry in the Ohio State
University. He is author of the following works: Biographical
Directory of American Agricultural Scientists;
Indian Corn; Little Sketches of Famous Beef
Cattle; Types and Breeds of Farm Animals and revision of same; A Par- tial Index to Animal Husbandry
Literature; Beginnings of Animal Husbandry; Judging Farm
Animals; also many monographs and contributions to
agricultural periodicals. Of his Types and Breeds
of Farm Animals more than 100,000 copies have been
sold. Professor Plumb has for years been a
recognized authority in his field and his
monograph in this issue of the QUARTERLY is a tribute to one of
Ohio's pioneers and a distinct contribution to the
history of the live stock industry of the state.
THE ORDINANCE OF 1787, ITS ORIGIN
AND AUTHORSHIP BY C. B. GALBREATH The timely adoption and beneficent
influence of this great charter of American liberty have
been frequently the theme of the orator, the statesman
and the his- torian. It is a little remarkable that
the authorship of this important state paper has been
the subject of discussion for more than a century and
that it has engaged the attention of some of the
eminent men of our Nation. It is generally known to
have entered into the great debate between Daniel Webster
on one side and Thomas H. Benton and Robert Hayne
on the other, but just what form this discussion took
is familiar only to those who have access to the
debates of Congress and have taken the time to locate and
read the con- tribution of Benton and Webster to the
solution of the problem. And while perhaps their
discussion should have settled the controversy, like
Congressional debates on other important themes, it failed to
do so and the years following the great debate
brought forth different claimants for the honor of authorship. ' In his Ohio, First Fruits of the
Ordinance of 1787, Rufus King, grandson of the
Revolutionary statesman by the same name who contributed in the
Colonial Congress some ideas for the Ordinance,
writes thus of the question of its origin: The authorship of this Ordinance has
lately been made a subject of curious speculation. It is
certain that some eminent (111)
112
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications men were differing upon it a year before
its passage. But that Nathan Dane had the chief hand in
forming it as it ultimately appeared, was never doubted during his
life or that of his con- temporaries. Mr. Webster asserted it
with emphasis in both of his speeches in the great debate in
January, 1830, concerning the public lands. Chief Justice Chase
reiterated it in 1833 in the historical sketch prefixed to his
compilation of the statutes of Ohio. Recent discoveries, however,
are supposed to displace him, and Dr. Cutler is brought forward
as having given the paper its stamp and character. The
subject seems to have fallen under that morbid infirmity in
literature which delights in denying Homer and Shakespeare their
works, and sometimes have not spared even Holy Writ from its
rage. The rival claims of authorship are due
to the fact that the Ordinance was over four years
in the process of evolution. At the close of the
Revolution many of the officers and men of the army found
themselves penni- less with nothing but claims upon the
new Nation that they had helped to create, as a reward
for their services. Discontent among them was rife and
Congress was hard pressed to meet their just demands.
No cash was in the treasury to pay these
obligations but different original states had ceded to the
government their claims to western lands and many of these
officers were willing and eager to exchange their claims for
the fertile lands west of the Alleghany Mountains. An
organized move- ment on the part of officers of the
Revolutionary Army was at last inaugurated for the purpose
of founding a new state in the valley of the Ohio.
Timothy Pickering, Revolutionary soldier and statesman,
was the first, ap- parently, to draft a form of government
for the proposed state.
On April 7, 1783 he sent this draft in a letter to Samuel Hodgdon. In this letter he
said among other things: But a new plan is in contemplation -- no
less than forming a new State westward of the Ohio.
Some of the principal of-
114 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society
Publications ficers of the army
are heartily engaged in it. About a week since the matter was
set on foot, and a plan is digesting for the purpose. Enclosed
is a rough draft of some propositions respecting it, which
are generally approved of. They are in the the hands of General
Huntington and General Putnam for con- sideration,
amendment, and addition. . . . As soon as the plan is well
digested, it is intended to lay it before an assembly of the officers, and
to learn the inclinations of the soldiers. If it takes, an
application will then be made to Congress for the grant and all things
depending on them.1 Colonel Pickering's
plan, because it was the first offered for the
purpose stated, is here given in full: PROPOSITIONS FOR
SETTLING A NEW STATE BY SUCH OFFICERS AND
SOLDIERS OF THE FED- ERAL ARMY AS SHALL
ASSOCIATE FOR THAT PURPOSE. i. That the United
States purchase of the natives that tract of country
which is bounded by Pennsylvania on the east, the River Ohio on the
south, a meridian line drawn thirty miles west of the mouth of
the River Scioto on the west -- this meridian to run from
the Ohio to the Miami River, which runs into Lake Erie -- and
by this river and Lake Erie on the north. 2. That, in the first
instance, lands be assigned to the army to fulfill the
engagements of the United States by the resolu- tions of the 16th of
September, 1776, August 13th and Septem- ber 30th, 1780, to
wit: To a
major-general
........................... 1,100 acres To a
brigadier-general ........................ 850
acres To a
colonel
................................. 500 acres To a
lieutenant-colonel ....................... 450
acres To a
major
.................................. 400 acres To a captain
................................. 300
acres To a lieutenant
............................... 200
acres To an
ensign or cornet ........................ 150 acres To a non-commissioned
officer and soldier ........ 1,100
acres To the director of
the military hospitals .......... 850
acres To chief physician
and purveyor, each .......... 500
acres To physicians,
surgeons, and apothecary, each ..... 450
acres To regimental surgeons
and assistants to the pur- veyor and apothecary,
each ................ 400
acres To hospital and
regimental surgeons' mates, each.. 300
acres 1 Cutler, Life,
Journals and Correspondence of Manasseh Cutler, Vol. I, p. 149.
The
Ordinance of 1787, its Origin and Authorship
115 3. That all
associators who shall actually settle in the new state within
one year after the purchase shall be effected, and notice given
by Congress or the committee of the associators that the same
is ready for settlement (such notice to be pub- lished in the
newspapers of all the United States), shall receive such
additional quantities of land as to make their respective rights in the
whole to contain the following number of acres, to wit: A
major-general ................................ 2,400 acres A
brigadier-general ............................ 2,200 acres A colonel
...................................... 2,000
acres A lieutenant-colonel ......................... 1,800 acres A major
..................................... 1,600 acres A captain
......................................
400 acres A lieutenant
................................. 1,200 acres An ensign or
cornet ............................ 1,000 acres A sergeant
..................................
700 acres Other
non-commissioned officers and soldiers, each 600 acres And fifty
acres more for each member of a family besides the head of
it. 4. That the
rights of the officers in the medical depart- ment be
increased in like manner on the same condition. 5. That all
officers in the other staff departments, who shall actually
settle in the new State within the time above limited, shall
receive rights of land in the proportions last stated, on an
equitable comparison of their stations with the ranks of the officers
of the line and the medical staff. 6. That this
increased provision of lands shall extend to all officers
of the line and staff, and to all non-commissioned officers and
soldiers, who during the present war have performed in the whole
three years' service, whether in service or not at the close of
the war, provided they present their claims and become actual
settlers in the new State by the time above limited. 7. These
surplus rights being secured, all the surplus lands shall be the
common property of the State and disposed of for the common good; as
for laying out roads, building bridges, erecting public
buildings, establishing schools and academies, defraying the
expenses of government, and other public uses. 8. That every
grantee shall have a house built and . . . . . . acres of land
cleared on his right within . . . . . . years, or the same shall be
forfeited to the State. 9. That, to
enable the associators to undertake the settle- ment of the
new State, the United States defray the expenses
116 Ohio Arch. and Hist.
Society Publications of the march thither, furnish the
necessary utensils of husbandry, and such live stock as shall be
indispensably requisite for com- mencing the settlement, and subsistence
for three years, to wit, one ration of bread and meat per day to
each man, woman, and child; and to every soldier a suit of
clothes annually; the cost of these articles to be charged to the
accounts of arrearages due to the members of the association
respectively. 10. That, for the security of the State
against Indians, every officer and soldier go armed, the
arms to be furnished by the United States and charged to the
accounts of arrearages. Ammunition to be supplied in the same
way. 11. That a Constitution for the new
State be formed by the members of the association previous
to their commencing the settlement, two-thirds of the
associators present at a meet- ing duly notified for that purpose
agreeing therein. The total exclusion of slavery from the State to
form an essential and irrevocable part of the Constitution. 12. That
the associators, so assembled, agree on such general rules as they shall deem
necessary for the prevention and punishment of crimes, and the
preservation of peace and good order in the State; to have the
force of laws during the space of two years, unless an Assembly
of the State, formed agreeably to the Constitution, shall
sooner repeal them. 13. That the State, so constituted,
shall be admitted into the confederacy of the United States,
and entitled to all the benefits of the Union, in common with
the other members thereof. 14. That, at the above-mentioned meeting
of the asso- ciators, delegates be chosen to
represent them in the Congress of the United States, to take their
seats as soon as the new State shall be erected. 15. That the associators, having borne
together as brethren the dangers and calamities of war, and
feeling that mutual friendship which long acquaintance and
common sufferings give rise to, it being also the obvious
dictate of humanity to supply the wants of the needy and alleviate the
distresses of the af- flicted, it shall be an inviolable rule
to take under the immediate patronage of the State the wives and
children of such as- sociators who, having settled there,
shall die, or, by cause of wounds or sickness, be rendered unable
to improve their planta- tions, or follow their occupations,
during the first twenty-one years; so that such destitute and
distressed families shall receive such public aids, as, joined with their
own reasonable exertions, will maintain them in a manner suitable
to the condition of the heads of them; especially that the
children, when grown up,
The Ordinance of 1787, its Origin
and Authorship 117 may be on a footing with other children
whose parents, at the original formation of the State, were in
similar circumstances with those of the former.2 Early in the year following the
drafting of Colonel Pickering's plan a committee of the
Continental Con- gress consisting of Thomas Jefferson of
Virginia, Sam- uel Chase of Maryland, and David Howell
of Rhode Island agreed upon a form of government
for the West- ern Territory. On March 1, 1784, Mr.
Jefferson made the following report for the committee: The committee appointed to prepare a
plan for the tem- porary government of the Western
Territory have agreed to the following resolutions: Resolved, That the territory ceded or to be ceded by in- dividual States to the United States,
whensover the same shall have been purchased of the Indian
inhabitants, and offered for sale by the United States, shall be
formed into additional States, bounded in the following manner, as
nearly as such cessions will admit: That is to say, northwardly
and southwardly by parallels of latitude, so that each
State shall comprehend, from south to north, two degrees of latitude,
beginning to count from the completion of thirty-one degrees
north of the equator; but any territory northwardly of the
forty-seventh degree shall make part of the State next below. And
eastwardly and westwardly they shall be bounded, those on the
Mississippi by that river on the one side, and the meridian of the
lowest point of the rapids of the Ohio on the other; and those
adjoining on the east, by the same meridian on their western side,
and on the eastern by the meridian of the western cape of the
mouth of the Great Kanawha. And the territory eastward of
this last meridian, between the Ohio, Lake Erie, and
Pennsylvania, shall be one state. That the settlers within the territory
so to be purchased and offered for sale shall, either on
their own petition or on the order of Congress, receive authority
from them, with ap- pointments of time and place, for their
free males of full age to meet together for the purpose of
establishing a temporary government to adopt the constitution and
laws of any one of 2 Cutler, Life, Journals and
Correspondence of Manasseh Cutler, Vol. I, pp. 156-159.
118 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications these States, so that such laws
nevertheless shall be subject to alteration by their ordinary
legislature, and to erect, subject to a like alteration, counties or townships
for the election of mem- bers of their legislature. That such temporary government shall
only continue in force in any State until it shall have
acquired twenty thousand free inhabitants, when, giving due proof
thereof to Congress, they shall receive from them authority,
with appointments of time and place, to call a convention of
representatives to estab- lish a permanent constitution and
government for themselves. Provided, That both the temporary and permanent govern- ments be established on these principles
as their basis: 1. That they shall forever remain a part of the United States of America. 2. That,
in their persons, property, and territory, they shall be subject to the Government of
the United States in Congress assembled, and to the Articles
of Confederation in all those cases in which the original
States shall be so subject. 3. That they shall be subject to pay a
part of the Fed- eral debts, contracted or to be
contracted, to be apportioned on them by Congress, according to the same
common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof
shall be made on the other States. 4. That their respective governments
shall be in republican forms, and shall admit no person to be a
citizen who holds any hereditary title. 5. That, after the year 1800 of the
Christian era, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude in any of the said States, otherwise than in the
punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted
to have been personally guilty. That whensoever any of the said States
shall have, of free inhabitants, as many as shall then be in
any one of the least numerous of the thirteen original
States, such State shall be admitted by its delegates into the
Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the said
original States, after which the assent of two-thirds of the United
States, in Congress as- sembled, shall be requisite in all those
cases wherein, by the confederation, the assent of nine States
is now required, pro- vided the consent of nine States to such
admission may be ob- tained according to the eleventh of the
Articles of Confedera- tion. Until such admission by their
delegates into Congress, any of the said States, after the
establishment of their tem- porary government, shall have authority
to keep a sitting mem- ber in Congress, with a right of
debating but not of voting.
The Ordinance of 1787, its Origin and Authorship 119 That the territory northward of the
forty-fifth degree, that is to say, of the completion of
forty-five degrees from the equator, and extending to the Lake of
the Woods, shall be called Sylvania. That, of the territory under the forty-fifth and forty- fourth degrees, that which lies westward
of Michigan shall be called Michigania; and that
which is eastward thereof, within the peninsula formed by the lakes and
waters of Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, shall be
called Cheronesus, and shall include any part of the peninsula which
may extend above the forty-fifth degree. Of the territory
under the forty-third and forty-second degrees, that to the
westward, through which the Assenisipi or Rock River runs, shall be
called Assenisipia; and that to the eastward, in which are the
fountains of the Mus- kingum, the two Miamis of Ohio, the
Wabash, the Illinois, the Miami of the Lake, and the Sandusky
Rivers, shall be called Metropotamia. Of the territory which lies under the forty-first and fortieth degrees, the western,
through which the river Illi- nois runs, shall be called Illinoia; that
next adjoining, to the eastward, Saratoga; and that
between this last and Pennsylvania, and extending from the Ohio to Lake
Erie, shall be called Washington. Of the territory which lies under the thirty-ninth and thirty-eighth degrees, to which
shall be added so much of the point of land within the fork of the
Ohio and Mississippi as lies under the thirty-seventh degree,
that to the westward, within and adjacent to which are the
confluences of the rivers Wa- bash, Shawnee, Tanisee, Ohio, Illinois,
Mississippi, and Mis- souri, shall be called Polypotamia; and
that to the eastward, farther up the Ohio, otherwise called
the Pelisipi, shall be called Pelisipia. That all the preceding articles shall be
formed into a charter of compact; shall be duly
executed by the President of the United States, in Congress
assembled, under his hand and the seal of the United States; shall be
promulgated, and shall stand as fundamental conditions between
the thirteen original States and these newly described,
unalterable but by the joint consent of the United States, in
Congress assembled, and of the particular State within which such
alteration is proposed3 to be made. This report was recommitted to the
committee and on the 22nd of March another report was
made that agreed in the main with the first
report. The paragraph of the original report containing the
names of the new
|