LUCAS SULLIVANT TABLET DEDICATED On Saturday, December 9, 1927, the Franklin County Pioneer Association, founded in 1866, met in the south- west room of the Franklinton Public School Building, for the purpose of unveiling, and presenting to the city, a bronze tablet marking the home of Lucas Sullivant, |
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founder of Franklinton. The house that Lucas Sullivant built (or a part of it) is now incorporated in the larger buildings of the House of the Good Shepherd, and it was by the gracious permission of the lovely Superior of that order, Mother Mary of St. Agnes (since deceased) that the Pioneer (161) Vol. XXXVII-11. |
162
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
Association was enabled to place the
tablet on the outer
wall of the convent, on the southwest
corner of Broad
and Sandusky Streets.
A complimentary audience gathered to
attend the
exercises, and an interesting program
was carried out.
The presentation was made to the city
of Columbus
by Mr. Frank Tallmadge, chairman of the
Executive
Committee, and an originator and prime
mover of this
undertaking. In a speech to Mayor James
J. Thomas,
he stressed the desirability of
teaching local history to
the rising generation.
The principal feature of the afternoon
was the de-
livery of an address by Mr. Andrew
Denny Rodgers, III,
great-great-grandson of Lucas
Sullivant. Mr. Rodgers
has not only read many books, but has
made careful
examination of all available court
records bearing on
his subject, as well as of deeds and
other documents,
making trips for that purpose to
Chillicothe, Circleville
and Springfield. Indeed, he has left no
stone unturned
to authenticate every statement he has
made.
LUCAS SULLIVANT AND THE FOUNDING OF
COLUMBUS
BY ANDREW DENNY RODGERS, III.
The American and French Revolutions over
and the new
Constitution in operation, the
government of the fifteen United
States, in the latter part of the
1780's, turned its attention to the
development and cultivation of the
almost unknown country to
the west of the Alleghanies. The
"winning of the west" pre-
sented an immense test of national
strength. For the task was
not an easy one. No national bank, no
postal system, no rail-
road, canal or turnpike could be
utilized, for the very good
reason that none were in existence. And
merely a population
of less than four million persons,
residing "almost wholly on
the Atlantic Coast," could assist
in this undertaking!
By a simple resolution of the
Continental Congress all
Lucas Sullivant Tablet Dedicated 163
territorial lands had been declared of
the national domain. But
the territories were comparatively
uninhabited. In New York
but few people had pierced the far west
of the Mohawk Valley,
although some pioneers had gone as far
as Lake Ontario and the
rivers tributary thereto. In
Pennsylvania, "settlers had pressed
westward more or less thickly to the
lower elevations of the
Alleghanies and beyond, in the
Pittsburgh regions, although what
is now West Virginia had only squatters
here and there." In
northern Kentucky, along the Ohio River,
lay several settle-
ments -- yet the combined population of
West Virginia and
Kentucky aggregated less than one-half
of the present popula-
tion of Columbus.
Virginians had "betaken themselves
southwestward to the
head of the Tennessee River."
However, in the course of these
migrations, the tales of John Finley
regarding another land had
become current -- a land "watered
by magnificent streams, garbed
in luxurious herbage, splendidly
timbered, abounding in all sorts
of game" but spotted with beautiful
"extensive plains." Daniel
Boone had written, "nature is here
in a series of wonder and a
fund of delight." This was
Kentucky, a vast country in which,
while replete with natural beauty, no
man's life was safe, "owing
to the revolution in the east and the
constant Indian warfare."
Contrasting this situation with the
comfortable plantation
life of Virginia, with its
superabundance of slaves, its rare cul-
ture and tradition, the wealth of
opportunities within its imme-
diate state borders, its
amusement-loving people, sheltered by a
good government of law and order, one
has difficulty in discov-
ering any other reasons for leaving this
delightful country than
a spirited desire to achieve the
original or an unquenchable thirst
for adventure.
Nevertheless, in the early '80's from
Mecklenburg County,
Virginia, came Lucas Sullivant, a young
man, having adopted
the occupation of surveyor, following
the example of George
Washington, and rejecting the further
care of a good tobacco
farm, the balance of a large plantation
to which had been at-
tached many slaves. Lucas' grandfather
had been an early resi-
dent of North Carolina, holding a
government appointment in
that colony. His mother, Hannah Lucas,
is said to have been
"a self-reliant character" who
"herself gave to her sons the rudi-
ments of their education." His
father, however, was "of a social
disposition, careless and rather
dissipated." Both parents dying
before he attained his majority, Lucas
was left to buffet the world
alone. "Notwithstanding," we
are told, his "energy, industry
and good character secured him good friends and
considerate
164 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
advisers, among whom was Colonel William
Starling," who later
became his father-in-law.
Col. Starling later moved to Kentucky.
Whether he per-
suaded Lucas that there were better
opportunities in "the West,"
or whether Lucas hoped to reproduce his
exciting experiences as
a member of an expedition against the
Indians near Augusta, we
do not know, but suffice it to say he
came to Kentucky to
continue his activity as a surveyor,
accumulating enough capital
there to buy a home at Washington.
While satisfying the bounties of
unappropriated lands within
a part of the Virginia commonwealth (now
Tennessee and Ken-
tucky) surveying became a most estimable
profession. These
bounties had been offered by the State
to her officers and soldiers
of the Continental and State Lines to
induce enlistment during the
Revolution. The surveyors were made
responsible for their
allotment. The system called for the
appointment by the "gov-
ernor with advice of council of
surveyors to be nominated,
examined and commissioned for the
purpose of surveying and
apportioning" the lands. With the
aid and under the direction
of superintendents appointed by the
officers, to whom "power to
choose the best land" was extended,
the surveyors proceeded to
survey in proportions fixed according to
the rank of the soldier.
And, after the survey, the portions of
each rank were numbered.
Whereupon, the officers and soldiers
drew lots for the numbers,
which were then located at their expense
as soon as they and
the surveyors thought
"proper."
But with the opening of the land
"northwest of the Ohio
River" by the great Ordinance of
1787, another Land Office
was opened near the Falls of the Ohio
(at present near Louis-
ville), under Colonel Richard C.
Anderson, father of Governor
Anderson, of Ohio, and of Major
Anderson, the "gallant de-
fender" of Fort Sumter in the Civil
War. This territory, claimed
by the French and British successively,
had been ceded definitely
to the United States by the two Treaties
of Paris. Virginia had
claimed a large portion of it as her
"County of Botetourt" and
later as her "County of
Illinois" and had made unsuccessful
attempts to establish small settlements
and a government there.
Up to the time of the Ordinance,
Congress, fearful of Indian
unrest and more concerned with the
developments along the
Atlantic coast and abroad, did not
encourage emigration to these
lands. The Indian "Council of the
Confederates" had sent Con-
gress a very polite remonstrance
reminding that body that the
whites had not obtained the Indian title
and begged that "your
surveyors and other people" should
not be allowed "on our side
Lucas Sullivant Tablet Dedicated 165
of the river." So lives in this
territory were not as safe as in
Kentucky. It was to be expected that
except for a few settlers
along the Ohio, some despondent French ones in the
north around
the Maumee, a few traders in Indian
villages and the inhabitants
of a few Moravian missionary settlements
in the east, no white
person dwelt within the territory.
Besides Virginia, several of the
original states claimed por-
tions of this undeveloped land. As far
back as 1779, the Conti-
nental Congress had requested them to
cede these claims to the
United States for the "common
benefit of union." Virginia, in
an eminently national spirit, within a
few years, executed her
famous Deed of Cession, relinquishing
her claim to the territory;
but fortunately for herself, conditioned
the grant that if certain
lands upon the Cumberland River and
between the Green River
and Tennessee River should be
insufficient to pay her military
land bounties, "the deficiency
should be made up in good lands
between the rivers Scioto and Little
Miami." Thus the United
States government became a great trustee
of this land for the
Virginia officers and soldiers of the
Continental Line.
Settlers began to venture across the
Ohio. The Ordinance,
it was thought, sealed civil and
religious liberty. "For the first
time in history, a great empire was
dedicated to freedom and
public education."
Marietta, named for Marie Antoinette,
was established in
1788 near Fort Harmar, at the mouth of
the Muskingum River,
by an "Ohio Land Company"
composed of forty-eight Massachu-
setts people who came by "hoof,
wheel and keel." This company
owned a million and a half acres and had
been, through the efforts
of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, largely
instrumental in procuring the
passage of the Ordinance and the
provision against slavery within
the territory.* In the same year, opposite the mouth of the
Licking River where the great Indian
trail crossed the Ohio,
Losantiville, of which Fort Washington
was a part, and North
Bend were settled by thirty members of a
company of New
Jersey people, owning several millions
of acres between the Ohio
and the Miami Rivers. Today these
settlements are combined
to make up, in part, Cincinnati.
Manchester, Gallipolis, Hamilton
and Dayton, in order named, had their
origins by settlements
along streams, the highway of the
pioneer.
Theoretically, civil liberty may have
been guaranteed by the
Ordinance, but certainly, actual safety was
not to be realized for
* The Ordinance of 1787 was written by
Nathan Dane, who was chiefly
instrumental in its enactment. See
Galbreath, C. B., "The Ordinance of
1787, its Origin and
Authorship," in the Ohio Archaeological and Historical
Publications, XXXIII, pp. 111-175.
166 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
some time. Up to the War of 1812, these two
forts were
the only ones in the central and
southern portions of what is
now Ohio, afforded the protection of
federal troops. For this
reason the growth of the first decade
was slow -- the population
of the entire territory, up to 1798, not
exceeding 5000 persons.
Here, again, the surveyor was to precede
civilization. The
agents of the officers and soldiers of
Virginia reported to Con-
gress that there was an
"unexpected" deficiency of good land on
the "southeasterly side of the
River Ohio" to satisfy the Vir-
ginia bounties. Complying with the
condition of the Virginia
Grant, Congress passed an act creating
the "Virginia Military
District, containing 4,209,800 acres of
land, the largest reserva-
tion or grant in Ohio and embracing the
very richest of her
agricultural lands." The act
further authorized the agents of
the officers and soldiers of the
Continental Line to make "loca-
tions, surveys and allotments," but
required, however, that "the
bounds of each location and survey"
be entered in a book kept
for that purpose, annexing thereto the
name of the party orig-
inally entitled to the entry and survey.
This provision for names
in the entries constituted the only
essential difference between the
surveying method used on the land
southeast of the Ohio River
and that to be used in the Virginia
Military District -- Virginia,
having prescribed for both districts the
faulty and most con-
fusing "indiscriminate location
plan," or "Crazy Quilt Plan," as
it has been called, as opposed to the
even, intelligent "rectangular
plan" to be used later on the east
side of the Scioto.
Lucas Sullivant must have become a
proficient surveyor
while in Kentucky. Whether he engaged in
land location while
there, we do not know. If he did, it is
possible that he came
to, this vicinity as early as 1787, for
within two weeks after the
opening of Col. Anderson's office, in
which Lucas was a deputy
surveyor, entries were made on Darby
Creek land and on the
west bank of the Scioto River where
Columbus is now situated.
Whether the date of the entry is the
date the entry was actually
made on the land or the date on which it
was copied into the
records of the principal surveyor, we
cannot ascertain; and
whether the entry was made by physical
entrance upon the land
or by allotment at the principal
surveyor's office, is slightly prob-
lematical. Since the entry served as the basis of title
for the
owner of the military warrant, vesting
in him an equitable title
of inheritance which merged with the
legal title only when the
patent was issued; and since the law
required that the entry
descriptive bounds be sufficiently
precise and notorious to include
a locative object, e.g., a tree near a
spring, in vicinity of some
Lucas Sullivant Tablet Dedicated 167
notorious natural object, e.g., a
spring, the entry was of such
importance that it must have been made
by locators, either
mounted or on foot upon the land and copied into the
books
upon their return to the principal
surveyor's office. Should one
entry overlap another, the entry was
withdrawn and the war-
rantee or his agent, second in point of
time, had to seek out
other lands.
We do not know who these agents or
locators were. Ohio
courts, however, have clung to a
presumption that "the entry
and survey were made by the same person
or under the same
authority." If this presumption be
fact, four of the deputy
surveyors of the Virginia Military
District, Nathaniel Massie,
John Beasley, Lucas Sullivant and John
O'Bannon may have
entered in or near this land, fraught with more dangers
than
any other section of the country, as
early as August 8, 1787.
Be that as it may, over eight years
elapsed before these
locators were to come or return as
surveyors to the territory
which the west side of our city covers.
In 1795, Lucas Sullivant,
accompanied by James Kent and Edward
Walden, as chain car-
riers, and Abram Shepard, as marker,
made, among others, survey
numbers 497, 513 and 515 on Darby Creek.
The Indians becom-
ing hostile, he returned to Kentucky.
There, into Lucas' hand,
among others, fell a warrant issued to
"Richard Stephenson, heir
at law of Colonel Hugh Stephenson."
He immediately "set on
foot" an inquiry "to find the
owner of the warrant." Discovering
that Richard Stephenson had died before
attaining his majority,
and being advised that he left certain
brothers and sisters then
living in Kentucky, Lucas Sullivant, on
April 14, 1796, negotiated
an agreement with persons purporting to
be the rightful heirs,
whereby he agreed to finance the
surveying expedition to locate
new lands, and they agreed to convey to
him one-half of what
he surveyed as a consideration for his
services.
Whether Lucas selected the land near the
supposed head-
waters of the Scioto for this new entry
because of Daniel Boone's
description that this valley was
"exceedingly fertile" and "re-
markable for fine springs and streams of
waters," must be left
to conjecture. Undoubtedly he was
influenced by the achieve-
ments of Nathaniel Massie, the greatest
of Virginia Military
District surveyors, and his party,
including Col. John McDonald,
his personal friend and biographer, and
Duncan McArthur, later
a prominent surveyor and one of Ohio's
early governors. This
party had, on April first, laid out the
borough of Chillicothe and
were planning a surveying expedition of
a chain of entries made
in 1787, up the river to and including
the land north of and to
168 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
the east of what is now Guilford Avenue,
in Columbus, for one
Robert Vance, John Trabue and others.
Their expedition was
completed in October of 1796.
Replying to the question whether
or not Mr. Sullivant thought at this time that an entry
made on
the land west of the present Guilford
Avenue, of this city, was
so centrally located that it might
eventually become a part of
the capital of a state not yet formed,
our answer must be in
the negative, for state lines were not
yet established and the
Northwest Territory was a vast region
extending as far west as
Wisconsin. At any rate, upon this land
he made entry for
Richard Stephenson in June, 1796.
Concerning his route from Kentucky, we
can only guess. He
may have come up the Scioto with or
following Massie; up the
Little Miami or Deer Creek where John
O'Banion had been
surveying; or he may have followed an
"old hunting road from
the Kentucky country to Chillicothe past
a remarkable Indian
encamping ground" and then cut his
way through the wilderness
to this vicinity. "Zane's
Trace," a route from Limestone or
Maysville, Kentucky, through
Chillicothe, Lancaster and Wheel-
ing, afterward to become "the prime
factor in Ohio's develop-
ment," had been ordered cut.
Ebenezer Zane, however, did not
open this until 1797. In Gen. Beatty's
address before the Frank-
linton Centennial in 1897, he said that
not until 1798 did Capt.
Joseph Hunter, the first settler of
Fairfield County, pass over it.
The fact is that practically no other
white men had ever
been over this ground prior to the
Massie and Sullivant expedi-
tions. La Salle, the French explorer,
may have dipped down in
or near this portion of the state to the
Ohio River. Christopher
Gist, an agent of "The Ohio
Company," had come in 1750 to
what is now Coshocton, passed the pool,
later to become "Buckeye
Lake," on to Lancaster, and
proceeded southward. On good
authority, however, it is said that he
"visited Logstown, passed
over the Muskingum River and at a Wyandot village there
met Croghan, another famous
frontiersman, who accompanied
him to the Shawnee village of the
Scioto." Several white Indian
captives, including Jeremiah Armstrong
and perhaps his brother,
Robert, Jonathan Alder, James Smith and
possibly Daniel Boone,
had been brought or came to or near this
country. Six months
before the firing of the shot
"heard around the world," Col.
William Crawford, at the head of an
expedition during the
"Lord Dunmore War" against the
Indians, accomplished an
almost complete massacre of a Mingo
Indian settlement on the
east bank of the Scioto.
Only fifteen years before, the first
white girl born in Ohio
had been born in an eastern settlement.
The reasons for this
Lucas Sullivant Tablet Dedicated 169
dearth of white explorers and
inhabitants are obvious. The In-
dian hazard was too great, although the
Treaty of Greenville,
in response to Wayne's victory in the
Battle of Fallen Timbers,
had reduced the danger. Congress had not encouraged
even the
"squatters" of the
"Northwest." Up to 1795, the meager gov-
ernment of the Northwest Territory was
not sufficiently strong
to pass any laws, let alone enforce
them, except the few framed
by Governor St. Clair and the
territorial judges to rectify par-
ticular conditions.
In the face of such conditions, Lucas
Sullivant, with his
party of 20 men, consisting in
part of Joseph Connor, Joseph
Lewis, John Ellis, Robert Dixon, James
McClure and Edward
Walden, as chain carriers, and Samuel
Robinson, Andrew Chew,
John Flourence and John Hynaman, as
markers, all duly ap-
pointed and sworn and, if not all,
nearly all men who had served
in the Revolution or in expeditions
against Indians in 1796, be-
came the pioneer surveyors of the Darby
Creek country and, in
part, the pioneers of what is now
Franklin County. Other white
men who came here, with the possible
exceptions of the Indian
captives, Jeremiah Armstrong and John
Brickle, did not return
to settle or their coming was not
voluntary.
Within a year after their arrival, the
party had surveyed
over a dozen tracts of land, comprising
over 15,000 acres in
Union, Madison and Franklin Counties. In
the same year, Moses
Cleaveland, kinsman of President Grover
Cleveland, with a band
of persons, as agents of the Connecticut
Land Company, arrived
near Conneaut and planted the first crop
of wheat sown and
reaped by white men in the Western
Reserve, bringing the spirit
of Yankee expansion and the essence of
Puritanism.
The hardships endured by every pioneer
command our re-
spect and tribute. Perhaps, to them, the
adventures compensated
for the suffering, yet I can but envy
them the "dry breast-meat
of the wild turkey, or the lean flesh of
the deer," the silver fox
and bear they ate; the abundant variety
of bird, small animal and
floral life they saw; the thrill of not
knowing exactly what to
expect next. I can only applaud, or
better, bow my head, when I
read of their tribulations; of wolves as
constant visitors. One
night, but for a rifle's flash, a huge
panther would have jumped
from a tree into their unprotected camp.
Rattlesnakes found as
bed companions; a cold, raw winter;
constant danger of Indian
attack due to the recent massacre of the
Mingoes; these are but a
few of the tales coming down to us of
the perils of the Sullivant
party.
This party came not as drifters in the
tide of immigration
about to ensue, nor even to make homes,
but to survey. The
170 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
commerce of surveying was not all,
however. Mr. Sullivant had
long cherished a purpose of founding a
town -- not a "paper
town" where the wealthy owner would remain at his
comfortable
home in the east as many Ohio towns were
founded -- nor was
the system of tenantry, in vogue in
Virginia and translated to
the territory by some, to be instituted.
He decided to buy the
land and personally found a town -- for
all those who wished to
remain upon the low fertile plain of the
west bank as well as
for those who wished to come; and as a
trading-post for the
Wyandot and Mingo Indians who had
villages on the west bank
near the fork of the rivers, and camps
located, 'tis said, near
where the Ohio Penitentiary, the Green
Lawn Avenue bridge and
the City Water-Works are located.
Mr. Sullivant must have been more
impressed with the
possibilities of land along the Scioto
than along Darby Creek.
Accordingly after completing a number of
surveys along Darby
Creek, he decided to purchase land along
the Scioto and so
procured an assignment from Capt. Robert
Vance of his rights
in the patent for the land covered by
"Survey 1393," which today
is bounded by Mound Street on the south,
Guilford Avenue on
the west and the Scioto River on the
east and north. Unfortu-
nately, owing to the fact that the law
permitted oral assignment
of these rights and did not require any
specific formalities, we
know nothing of the facts of this
assignment.
On the land thus acquired, in 1797-98,
Lucas Sullivant, after
a freshet had interrupted one
experiment, "platted a large town
with lots extending east and west into
the prairies from the
glacial drift composing the higher
ground," naming it "Franklin-
ton," for Benjamin Franklin,
perhaps, "the first civilized Ameri-
can," who was but recently
deceased. Today, the city succeeding
that little borough, has so extended
that within its corporate limits
lies "Survey Number 2668," the
land which Mr. Sullivant per-
sonally entered and surveyed for
"Richard Stephenson, heir at
law of Col. Hugh Stephenson."
Other settlements followed shortly. At
Darby Creek, a
group assembled and a town was later
platted by Mr. Sullivant
as "North Liberty, situated on the
west bank of Darby Creek."
Sturdy pioneers soon gathered at the
extreme edge of the black
forest on the east bank on a site near
Alum Creek, and at Ga-
hanna.
Land of the Virginia Military District
was worth the enor-
mous sum of 25 cents to 50 cents per
acre. Mr. Sullivant, there-
fore, sold his lots at the same price
but, encountering difficulty at
even this price, it is said, he gave
away some lots on what is now
known as Gift Street.
Lucas Sullivant Tablet Dedicated 171
The plat of Franklinton is on record at
Chillicothe. The two
main streets were named for George Washington and
Benjamin
Franklin. The four lots at the center of
the town, which was at
the corner upon which we stand today,
were appropriated for
public buildings only . . . "a
state-house or court-house and as
a commons." If at first Mr.
Sullivant gave away lots, in the
deeds which are also recorded at
Chillicothe, the early residents
were wise enough to state that the
consideration for the purchases
was $33.33, in some cases five
shillings, and in others ten pounds,
although, of course, these deeds may not
represent the first pur-
chases.
Joseph Dixon made the first family
settlement in the autumn
of 1797. The early purchasers, in order
named, according to
the records, were James Robinson,
William Trimble, John Boyd,
John Woolcutt, William Johnson, Noble
Crawford, George Skid-
more, John Lysle, Adam Hosack (the first
postmaster), Robert
Armstrong, William Domigan, Isaac
Claypool, John Mitchell,
John Brittle, Joseph Vance (later a
captain in the War of 1812
and governor of Ohio), Michael Fisher,
Samuel Finley, William
Clearey, Andrew Rolston, John Edmiston
(Lucas Sullivant's per-
sonal physician), Hugh Montgomery,
Elijah Chenoweth, William
Dunlop, Morris Brown, John Blair, Jacob
King, Michael Stroup,
William West and William Armstrong. The
significant feature
of these purchases is that 85 per cent
of the purchasers were
already residents of Franklinton. Others who came in 1797
were the Dearduffs, the McElvains
(Andrew McElvain was the
first mailman), Stokes, Ludwig Sells,
the Ballentines, Jacob
Grubb, William Fleming, Jacob Overdier,
Arthur O'Harra (first
justice of the peace), Joseph Foos, John
Blair, John Dill (asso-
ciate justice of court), and James
Marshall.
Having already built or contemplating
the erection of the
first brick house in the section upon
the premises of which we
are to place this beautiful medallion,
Lucas returned to Kentucky
and brought back as his bride, Sarah
Starling, a direct descendant
of Sir William Starling, knighted in
1661 and a former lord
mayor of London. She bore "the
hardships and privations of
the period with courage and a cheerful
spirit." Though she
died of fever contracted while
ministering to the sick soldiers
of the War of 1812, yet in the short
space of time in which she
lived in Franklinton, she earned the
title of "Lady Bountiful."
While in Kentucky, being informed that
he had dealt with
the wrong parties, Lucas sought out the
rightful legal heir of
Richard Stephenson, obtained the patent
and completed the
purchase of the land from him on
Christmas Day of the year
172 Ohio Arch. and Hist.
Society Publications
1800, although he had opened
negotiations for this purchase at
least a year earlier.
Shortly thereafter, some of the
Stephenson heirs ques-
tioned the title of Lucas Sullivant to
these lands. William
Creighton, the first secretary of state
of Ohio, was employed
to defend. The case went to the United
States Supreme Court
where it was dismissed in favor of Mr.
Sullivant. In the course
of the case, Charles Lee, acting
secretary of state and attorney
general of the United States, rendered
an opinion in support of
Sullivant's counsel.
In 1805 or 1806, Lyne Starling, brother-in-law of Mr. Sulli-
vant, came to Franklinton to assist him
in his duties as county
clerk and county recorder (Franklinton
having been made the
county seat of the newly-created
Franklin County), and to join
him in conducting a general store
business. Mr. Starling, a
bachelor "contemplating
marriage," purchased "an elegant seat
and tract of land opposite the
town" on the "High Bank" of the
river, where now is located the down-town district of
Columbus.
His title, too, was questioned in 1820. He employed
Henry Clay
as counsel but the latter was forced to
resign to become secretary
of state of the United States.
Starling's victory was the occasion
of a full town celebration,
"full" being used in more than one
sense.
In the meantime, Ohio had been swept
into statehood, largely
through "the urgent political
necessities of the Jeffersonian De-
mocracy." The popularity of Gov.
St. Clair, a Federalist, with
all the Federalist ideas of entrusting
nothing to the people, had
worked a popular distrust of him. He had
"locked horns" too
many times with the Territorial
Legislature. So, in spite of the
amusing argument of the Federalists that
the Territorial Gov-
ernment had cost only $5,000 a year and
State Government would
cost $15,000, Ohio was organized as the
seventeenth State, with
Chillicothe as the capital. The exact
time when the "Buckeye
State" was admitted into the Union
must remain a subject for
legal and historical argument. Its
status as a state of the United
States was established no later than
"March of 1803."
Ohio faced a complex situation. There
were people from
Connecticut in the northeastern portion;
from New Jersey in
the southwestern; from Massachusetts in
the southeastern;
Scotch-Irish and Germans, from
Pennsylvania to the east of
the Scioto and in the southwestern part
of the State; and Cavalier
Virginians west of the Scioto -- all of
pronounced and different
ideas and principles. The Virginians of
Chillicothe, opponents
of St. Clair, had won heavily in the
Constitutional Convention
Lucas Sullivant Tablet Dedicated 173
of 1802. All power was given to the
Legislature; very little
to the executive; the judiciary was made
elective -- is it too
much to say, that here was the first
complete political democracy
in history? The doctrine of the
"Rights of Man" with govern-
ment by consent, rather than by coercion
of the governed, had
prevailed against the advocate of paternalistic
government!
Lucas Sullivant, fortunately, had
remained out of state
politics. He assisted materially,
however, in the election to the
State Senate of Gen. Joseph Foos, who
had been the first hotel
keeper and ferry owner of the village. Lyne Starling
and he
had already dreamed that the capital
would be brought to Frank-
linton. The letters of Lyne Starling and
the plat of the village
of Franklinton are proof of this. When
the legislative committee
for the selection of the state capital,
meeting at Franklinton with
instructions to locate the seat of
government not "more than 40
miles from the common center of the
state," reported in favor
of Dublin, and against Franklinton, a
syndicate, with the guidance
and financial assistance of Lucas
Sullivant, of owners of the
land on the east bank of the river,
"sufficiently elevated" to protect
it from floods (which was the objection
to Mr. Sullivant's town),
was organized. The proposition of this
syndicate was accepted,
largely through the influence of Senator
Joseph Foos. Thus,
"Columbus," so named by Mr.
Foos, was born as the "perma-
nent seat of government of the
state"--a city born a capital!
Lots "traced out through a dense
forest," and covering 1200
acres surveyed on the "rectangular
plan," were sold on the
same day as the declaration of the War
of 1812, but, owing to
the fact that but poor mail service if
any, was in existence, word
of the declaration was not received.
Construction of the first
state capital building and the first
penitentiary, on West Mound
Street, under the direction of the
Legislature's agent, Mr. Joel
Wright, was soon begun.
The War of 1812 retarded the
growth of Columbus but it
was the "glorious" period of
Franklinton, since the government
headquarters for this section, under
Gen. William Henry Har-
rison, was established there.
Franklinton grew to so great a
population as 200. Lucas Sullivant had
supervised the construc-
tion of a court-house (on the present
site of this school building),
had built the county jail at a cost of
$80, assisted in the erection
of a schoolhouse, had built, at his own
expense, the first old brick
meeting-house in which his wife might
worship God, and signed,
as trustee, the call to Rev. Dr. Hoge,
an able missionary, who
early came to the region "in
company with the supreme judges
who were about to open the first term of
the Supreme Court ever
held in Franklin County." But still
"the roads at all seasons
174 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
were nearly impassable; there was not in
the county a chair for
every two inhabitants, nor a knife and
fork for every four."
Travel was mainly upon the Scioto upon
which Mr. Sullivant
maintained boats. Social life must have
been a great deal like
the life of western towns "in the days of
'49." The tavern
business was most profitable, three being needed to
supply the
little village's wants. Once the whole
vicinity turned out for a
great "squirrel hunt." There
was much hunting and fishing.
But wolves and bears prohibited going
far away merely for
pleasure. Not until 1812, did a
newspaper spring into existence.
The National Road was not completed as
far west as Colum-
bus until 1830. No free school
system provided education. It
was not until 1813 that Lucas Sullivant
built across the Scioto
the first bridge within the compass of a
hundred miles and later
induced the government to run the
National Road out what is
now West Broad Street. The war revived
the Indian peril to
such a degree that a stockade had to be
built around the court-
house, and to this came people from all
the surrounding vicinity.
During the war, however, at a large
assembly in the grounds of
Lucas Sullivant, Tarhe, "the
Crane," the chief sachem for the
Wyandot tribe, met with General Harrison
and professed in
the name of friendly tribes, the
"most indissoluble attachment
to the American government and a
determination to adhere to
the terms of the Treaty of Greenville."
The war ended, Frank-
linton declined, its only activity, 'tis
said, being "the tilling of
Mr. Sullivant's rich prairie
lands."
Columbus, on the contrary, rose rapidly.
The first bank in
this vicinity, with Lucas Sullivant as
principal stockholder and
president, later merged with the present
First National Bank,
and went to Columbus rather than to
Franklinton. Franklinton's
fate seemed sealed, but the settlement
successfully avoided being
incorporated into Columbus until 1862.
Mr. Sullivant, however,
did not live to see the county-seat
transferred. Throughout his
life, it remained an unincorporated
village, never having a mayor,
marshal or board of councilmen.
Lyne Starling, by special act of the
Legislature, was author-
ized to proceed with the settlement of
Lucas Sullivant's large
estate. His greatest bequests were his
sons: William, who
became the greatest bryologist of his
time; Michael, who in
Illinois, administered, Harper's
Weekly has said, "the largest
and most enterprising farm in the United
States"; and Joseph,
whom Dr. T. C. Mendenhall, a member of
the first faculty of
the Ohio State University, has said, was
responsible more than
any other one person for the broad
development of the Ohio
State University and the Columbus public
schools.
Lucas Sullivant Tablet Dedicated 175
One of Lucas Sullivant's last expressed
wishes was that he
might return 100 years from that time
"as he felt sure he would
see steam wagons running over his lands
at fifteen miles an hour."
Joseph Sullivant, writing later in his
invaluable biography of his
father, jubilantly says that he has
stood on the same spot and
seen the steam wagons with their huge
trains rushing across the
bottoms at a rate of speed of more than 20 miles an
hour. This
is but one feature of the unusual
development of our city and a
reflection of human progress generally.
Today 75 passenger-
trains enter Columbus daily, each
capable of attaining a rate of
speed of more than 70 miles an hour. The
recent construction
of one railway line into Columbus cost
$14,000,000 or $200,000
per mile.
Had there been no Lucas Sullivant, no
Lyne Starling would
have come to this section. Had there
been no Lucas Sullivant,
there would have been no Franklinton.
While much credit must
be awarded Gen. Joseph Foos and the
members of the land
syndicate, Alexander McLaughlin, John
Kerr, and James John-
son, it may be said that, had there been
no Lyne Starling, there
would have been no Columbus--and this
because of Mr. Star-
ling's most valuable lands, considerable
wealth, educational ad-
vantages and clear political vision. The
conclusion, that had
there been no Franklinton there would
have been no Columbus,
is reiterated.
Both logic and fact lead to the further
conclusion that the
founder of Franklinton became the father
of Columbus.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Andrews, E. Benjanim--History of the
United States.
Bruce, Hardington--Romance of
American Expansion.
Chaddock, Robert E.--Ohio Before 1850.
Galbreath, C. B.--History of Ohio.
Lee, Alfred E.--History of the City
of Columbus.
MacDonald, Capt. John--Biographical
Sketches of General
Nathaniel Massie, General Duncan
McArthur, Captain William
Wells and General Simon Kenton; who
were early settlers in the
Western Country.
Martin, William F.-History of
Franklin County.
Massie, David Meade--Nathaniel
Massie--A Pioneer of
Ohio.
Mathews, Alfred--Ohio and Her Western
Reserve.
Peters, William E.--Ohio Lands.
Studer, Jacob B.--Columbus, Ohio, Its
History, Resources
and Progress.
176 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
Sullivant, Joseph--Genealogy and a Family Memorial.
Original Boundaries and Early Times of
Franklin County.--
Address before the Franklin County
Pioneers' Association.
Venable, William H.--Footprints of
Ohio Valley Pioneers.
Note: Much material was gathered from Entry Book
"A"
and Survey Book "A" of the
Land Department, Auditor of
State's Office; from the United States
Supreme Court and Ohio
Supreme Court Reports of Cases; from the
Land Laws of Ohio,
and Legislative Enactments of the period
covered; records of
the case of Stephenson vs. Sullivant at
the County Clerk's Office,
Franklin County, Ohio; the published
addresses of General John
Beatty and Colonel E. L. Taylor given at
the time of the Frank-
linton Centennial in 1897; and the
address of Governor James E.
Campbell before the Kit Kat Club on
"How and When Ohio Be-
came a State", published in
Galbreath's History of Ohio.
LUCAS SULLIVANT TABLET DEDICATED On Saturday, December 9, 1927, the Franklin County Pioneer Association, founded in 1866, met in the south- west room of the Franklinton Public School Building, for the purpose of unveiling, and presenting to the city, a bronze tablet marking the home of Lucas Sullivant, |
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founder of Franklinton. The house that Lucas Sullivant built (or a part of it) is now incorporated in the larger buildings of the House of the Good Shepherd, and it was by the gracious permission of the lovely Superior of that order, Mother Mary of St. Agnes (since deceased) that the Pioneer (161) Vol. XXXVII-11. |