Ohio History Journal

70                                                          OHIO HISTORY

 

 

Canal, and one of the alleged participants in the syndicate was Charles P. Taft, the

brother of William Howard Taft. These allegations were never satisfactorily proven

and they were regarded by some as a maneuver to embarrass Taft's candidacy for

president. Concerning Bunau-Varilla's activities in Cincinnati, the author has not found

any mention of a member of the Taft family.

39. Wulsin to Bunau-Varilla, February 3, 1902.

40. Taylor to Bunau-Varilla, January 28, 1901.

41. Bunau-Varilla to Mrs. Myron T. Herrick, June 14, 1902.

42. Philippe Bunau-Varilla to Maurice Bunau-Varilla, March 15, 1901.

43. Deering to Bunau-Varilla, March 30, 1901.

44. Bunau-Varilla to Deering, March 30, 1901.

45. Deering to Bunau-Varilla, April 1, 1901.

46. Wulsin to Bunau-Varilla, February 25, 1902.

47. Jacob H. Bromwell to Wulsin, February 26, 1902.

48. Bunau-Varilla to Myron T. Herrick, June 2, 1902.

49. Liberty E. Holden to Bunau-Varilla, June 6, 1902.

50. Bunau-Varilla to Herrick, June 14, 1902.

51. Bunau-Varilla to Wulsin and Taylor, June 21, 1902.

52. Miles P. DuVal, Cadiz to Cathay (Stanford, Calif., 1940), 303.

53. Bunau-Varilla, Panama, 318-319.

54. Ibid., 329-336.

55. DuVal, Cadiz to Cathay, 327.

56. Ibid., 310, 332.

57. Bunau-Varilla to Loomis, December 31, 1903. Loomis was particularly helpful

in Bunau-Varilla's efforts to secure the recognition of Panama by the nations of the

world.

58. Bunau-Varilla to Taylor and Edward Goepper, November 9, 1903.

59. Bunau-Varilla to Wulsin and Taylor, January 1, 1904.

60. Bunau-Varilla to Taylor, June 11, 1901.

 

 

THE OHIO ROAD EXPERIMENT

 

1. The Signal, December 17, 1914. The bulk of the material for this article was taken

from the National Archives, Washington, D. C. I should like to thank the College Research

Institute of Texas Western College for making my research in Washington, D. C., pos-

sible. Microfilm of the Signal, one of Zanesville's daily newspapers, was made available

to me by the Ohio Historical Society, for which I wish to express my appreciation.

2. Work on the "West Pike" was begun in August 1829. The first section of twenty-one

miles west of Zanesville was substantially finished and opened to regular travel in 1831.

By 1833 work on the remainder was sufficiently advanced to permit mail service over the

whole length of the road, though it was not fully completed until late in 1835. Reports of

the Secretary of War, Senate Executive Documents, 21 cong., 2 sess., No. 17, p. 16; 22

cong., 1 sess., No. 58, p. 2; 23 cong., 1 sess., No. 1, p. 81; 24 cong., 1 sess., No. 1, p. 194.

For vivid descriptions of the old National Road, see the following: Thomas B. Searight,

The Old Pike: A History of the National Road, with Incidents, Accidents, and Anecdotes

Thereon (Uniontown, Pa., 1894); Archer Butler Hulbert, The Cumberland Road (Historic

Highways of America, X, Cleveland, 1904); R. Carlyle Buley, The Old Northwest: Pio-

neer Period, 1815-1840 (Indianapolis, 1950); Philip D. Jordan, The National Road (In-

dianapolis, 1948).

3. Hulbert, The Cumberland Road, 123, 174-187.

4. Jordan, The National Road, 169, 175; see also Senate Executive Documents, 23

cong., 1 sess., No. 1, p. 170.

5. Wayne E. Fuller, "Good Roads and Rural Free Delivery of Mail," Mississippi

Valley Historical Review, XLII (1955), 67-83.

6. Ibid., 81-82; United States Statutes at Large, XXXVII, 551-552.

7. Joint Report of the Progress of Post Road Improvement, no date, Records Relating

to Federal Aid Road Acts, Records of the Post Office Department, Record Group 28,

National Archives (hereafter referred to as Postal Records).

8. State of Ohio certification of money available for post-road improvement, March

20, 1914; Muskingum County certification of money available for post-road improvement,

March 13, 1914; Licking County certification of money available for post-road improve-

ment, March 13, 1914; Second Economic Study, Ohio Post Road, 2 (the date this report

was written is unknown, but the study was made May 11-22, 1916); Clinton Cowen to

L. W. Page, June 5, 1915, all in Correspondence, Reports, and Studies Relating to Post

Roads, Records of the Bureau of Public Roads, Record Group 30, National Archives (all

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NOTES                                                                       71

 

 

correspondence, reports, and studies referred to hereafter are in these records unless

otherwise noted); see also The Signal, March 18, 1916.

9. The Signal, March 24, 1914.

10. Ibid., March 18, 1914.

11. Ibid., March 20, 1914.

12. Ibid., March 23, 26, April 1, 1914.

13. Cowen to Page, June 5, 1915; Memorandum on the H. E. Culbertson bid; The

Signal, May 11, 1914.

14. Warren Jenkins, The Ohio Gazetteer (Columbus, 1841); First Economic Investiga-

tion, Ohio Post Road, 1-2 (the date this report was written is unknown, but the study was

made November 22-December 4, 1913).

15. From a series of photographs taken of the road in 1913 located in Audio-Visual

Branch, National Achives.

16. Ibid.; First Economic Investigation, Ohio Post Road, 4-5.

17. From photographs in Audio-Visual Branch, National Archives. Christopher Nis-

wanger, whose name appeared on the north wall of the bridge, was the contractor who

built the bridge; James Hampson and David Scott were the road superintendents. See

Senate Executive Documents, 21 cong., 2 sess., No. 17, p. 14, and House Reports, 23 cong.,

1 sess., No. 455, p. 17.

18. From photographs in Audio-Visual Branch, National Archives; see also Jordan,

The National Road, 123, and Hulbert, The Cumberland Road, 162.

19. Senate Executive Documents, 21 cong., 2 sess., No. 17, p. 7; Hulbert, The Cumber-

land Road, 81-82; Charles E. Foote, "The Use of Concrete in the Construction of Roads,"

Scientific American Supplement, No. 1995, LXXVII (1914), 200-201.

20. The Signal, June 1, July 1, 1914.

21. Order and Progress of the Work, no date, 1-3. The date of the beginning of grad-

ing at the Hebron end in this report is May 14, 1915, obviously an error.

22. The Signal, August 4, 27, 1914; Vernon M. Pierce to W. E. Rosengarten, Novem-

ber 19, 1914.

23. Order and Progress of the Work, 1-3; The Signal, August 27, 1914.

24. The Signal, August 27, 1914; Charles C. Moorefield to Pierce, September 5, 1914;

Moorefield to Pierce, August 24, 1914.

25. Order and Progress of the Work.

26. Moorefield to Pierce, October 2, 1914; J. T. Pauls to Moorefield, April 20, 1915.

27. P. J. Wilson to Moorefield, October 10, 1914; Moorefield to Pierce, May 11, 1915.

28. Pauls to Moorefield, April 20, 1915; Robert M. Waid to Moorefield, April 6, 1915;

Order and Progress of the Work.

29. The Signal, April 30, 1915, March 18, 1916; Moorefield to Pierce, no date.

30. William A. Ashbrook to David F. Houston, April 15, 1915.

31. Page to Cowen, May 10, 1915; Cowen to Page, May 12, 1915; Cowen to Page, June

5, 1915.

32. Page to Cowen, June 9, 1915.

33. The Signal, June 15, 1915.

34. Ibid.

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid.

37. Ibid., and June 16, 1915.

38. Ibid., June 17, 18, 19, 1915.

39. Ibid., July 14, 1915.

40. Order and Progress of the Work.

41. Senate Executive Documents, 23 cong., 2 sess., No. 1, p. 171; The Signal, July 16,

1915.

42. The Signal, July 16, 1915.

43. Ibid.

44. Order and Progress of the Work; The Signal, November 12, 1915.

45. The Signal, November 22, 1915.

46. Ibid., November 26, 1915.

47. Ibid.

48. As quoted in The Signal, November 29, 1915.

49. The Signal, May 18, 1916.

50. Ibid.; and Hulbert, The Cumberland Road, 75-77.

51. Second Economic Study, Ohio Post Road, 11-19.

52. Ibid., 8-10.

53. Ibid.

54. Ibid.

55. Joint Report of the Progress of Post Road Improvement, Postal Records.

56. United States Statutes at Large, XXXIX (1916), 355. For the interpretation of

this act, see David F. Houston, "The Government and Good Roads," Review of Reviews,

LIV (1916), 277-280.

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