Editorialana. 471
July sixth was known as "Military
Day." A large section of the
state militia under the command of
Brigadier General William V. Mc-
Maken paraded the streets of the city,
headed by the Eighth Regiment
Band and the Marietta Guards. Governor
Herrick and his military staff
reviewed the movements of the troops.
This was followed by a gather-
ing at the fair grounds, where speeches
were made by Col. W. R. War-
nock, Governor Myron T. Herrick and
Senator C. W. Dick. In the
evening there was held a fitting closing
feature which was really the
literary event of the week. The
exercises were held in Clifford's Theatre,
which was filled to its utmost capacity
by an interested audience who
listened to addresss by Governor
Herrick, Senator Dick, Secretary of
State Laylin, Lieutenant Governor
Harding and Mr. Howard D. Man-
ington, who presided.
The volume mentioned at the beginning of
this item contains the
proceedings of these various days in
full, with reports of the speeches
and much additional matter pertaining to
the history of Urbana and
Champaign county. Particularly valuable is the historical
matter by
Mr. John W. Ogden, Rev. Charles S. Wood,
Mr. J. T. Woodward and
Mr. I. N. Keyser, Superintendent of the
Public Schools of Urbana.
RICHLAND COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
The Richland County Historical Society
has just issued a neat little
pamphlet containing the proceedings of
the society, beginning with its
first annual meeting, Saturday, June 10,
1899, and closing with the pro-
ceedings of its last annual meeting held
in the G. A. R. rooms of the
Memorial Building, Mansfield, June 7th,
1905. At this latter meeting
a most interesting program was carried
out. An address was delivered
by the Rev. Joshua Crawford on the
ill-fated and memorable "Expedition
of Col. William Crawford" in the
summer of 1782 against the Sandusky
Indians. Rev. Crawford is a collateral
descendant of the famous subject
of his address. We regret that space
does not permit of our publishing
this address, but the subject has been
treated in a scholarly manner by
Judge J. H. Anderson in a previous
number of the Quarterly. Other
addresses were delivered by the Hon. W.
G. Geer, representing the Rich-
land County delegation; Mrs. James R.
Hopley, Bucyrus, by special request
delivered the address given by her at
the Ohio Centennial Celebration at
Chillicothe on "The Part Taken by
Women in the History and Develop-
ment of Ohio;" Prof. Sample, of
Perrysville, Mr. Hiram R. Smith and
Mr. Peter Bissman, of Mansfield,
rendered short talks. Prof. Sample
has one of the largest collections of
archaeological and historical relics in
Ohio. Mr. Hiram Smith has reached the
honorable age of ninety-three
years, and when called for remarks
responded by reciting,
472 Ohio.
Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
"You may scarce expect one of my
age,
To speak in public upon the stage."
Mr. Peter Bissman made a most
interesting off-hand speech which
held the undivided attention of the
audience. Prof. C. W. Williamson
of Wapakoneta read a very carefully
prepared paper on "The Allied
Indian Tribes of Western
Ohio." Prof. Williamson's address
dealt in
detail with the early invasion of Ohio
by the English traders and the
war for extermination which was waged
against them by the French
from Quebec, who by the aid of the
Indians were able to drive back
the first of the traders. He also
graphically pictured the conspiracy of
Pontiac and the plan and efforts of that
distinguished Indian chief
to regain the Ohio valley from the
encroachments of the white men. The
Secretary of the Ohio State
Archaeological and Historical Society de-
livered an address entilted "Some
Phases of Early Ohio History." Hu-
morous recitations were rendered by Miss
Lenora R. Shaw of Ashland
College and Mr. M. A. Ricksecker of
Galion.
This meeting of the Richland County
Historical Society, both in
interest and attendance, proved to be
the most successful of any in its
history. The society under the
administration of Gen. R. Brinkerhoff,
President, and Mr. A. J. Baughman,
Secretary, is doing splendid work
and gathering much historical material
concerning the county and the
state which would otherwise be lost to
future readers.
*
* * *
*
On August 3, 1905, by invitation from
Mr. A. J. Baughman, Secre-
tary Randall paid a visit to the
far-famed watershed barn, situated near
Five Corners, in Springfield township,
seven miles west of Mansfield,
Richland county, on what is known as the
Leesville road. The party
from Mansfield consisted of Gen.
Brinkerhoff, Mr. A. J. Baughman, Mr.
Martin B. Bushnell, Mr. Peter Bissman
and Mr. M. D. Frazier, Editor
of the Daily Shield and the writer. The
party proceeded by trolley from
Mansfield to the farm, upon which the
barn is located, said farm now
being the property of Mr. C. Craig. The
barn, a large structure, stands
upon the roadside, facing the east and
west, and not, as is generally sup-
posed, north and south. The barn rests
upon a slight elevation, midway
between what are known respectively as
the Palmer Spring and Little
Lake. Each of these water sources is
about a quarter of a mile from
the barn. Palmer Spring is the head
source of the Sandusky River,
which empties into Lake Erie, and the
Little Lake is the head source of
Clear Creek, which finds its way to the
Mohican, thence into the Tus-
carawas, the Muskingum, the Ohio and
then into the Mississippi. The
geographical location at this point is,
of course, upon the "divide," hav-
ing an elevation of 832 feet above Lake
Erie, 965 feet above the Ohio
River, and 1,265 feet above sea level.
Photographs were taken of the
barn and the two river sources. The
visit proved to be one of special in-
Editorialana. 473
terest, which was greatly heightened by
the information gained of the
geological and historical features of
the section as related by Mr. A. J.
Baughman, than whom few in the state are
better qualified to speak
upon matters pertaining to its geology
and history.
INDIAN VS. ABORIGINE.
The following communication is self
explanatory. It is from the
pen of Prof. R. W. McFarland, Oxford, Ohio, who has contributed many
articles of value to the Ohio State
Archaeological and Historical Society
Quarterly.
Mr. E. O. Randall:
In reading your highly commendatory
notice of Dr. Slocum's Histori-
cal work, I was pleased to see your
remark about his use of the word
Aborigine instead of Indian. Allow me to say that the term
has never
been recognized by Webster, or
Worcester, by their co-adjutors, or their
successors, as belonging to the English
language. It is found in the
Century and the Standard, -and we are
entitled to suppose that its
presence there is because some writer
had used it. The plural, Aborigines,
is applied to the first inhabitants
of a country; it does not apply to
subsequent races. Unless the Dr. can
show that the Indians were the
first inhabitants of America, the term
cannot be applied to them at all.
Further; four hundred years ago when
this continent was discov-
ered, it was supposed to be what is now
called the East Indies; in dis-
covering the error, the term West Indies
was given to the islands be-
tween North and South America, and they
have borne the name ever
since. The inhabitants of these islands
were naturally and properly
called Indians, the name
subsequently being applied to all the race,
whether on continent or island. And from
that day to this, the word
has been used alike by writers of
fiction as well as of history, -by
Cooper, Irving, Bancroft, Prescott,
McMaster, Wilson, - indeed, by all
standard authors. It has been used by
the authorities of the country,
both state and national, in regard to
civil cases as well as to military;
and such has been the practice ever
since the English occupied this
country. The Spaniard, the Portugese,
the French also used the like
word. This term has been too long in
vogue, and has covered too wide
a territory to be called in question at
this late day.
It seems to me that the careful and
judicious reader of the work
in question may be led to suspect that
such a lapse may not be an iso-
lated one, but may be accompanied by
others no less bad. The tendency