OHJ Archive

TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE OHIO STATE

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

(JUNE 2, 1905.)

The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Ohio State Archaeo-

logical and Historical Society was held in the lecture room of

the Y. M. C. A. Building, Columbus, Ohio, at 2:30 P. M., June

2d, 1905. The following members were present:

Rev. J. W. Atwood, Columbus; Judge J. H. Anderson, Co-

lumbus; Prof. M. R. Andrews, Marietta; Mr. E. H. Archer,

Columbus; General R. Brinkerhoff, Mansfield; Mr. George F.

Bareis, Canal Winchester; Prof. J. H. Beal, Scio; Hon. M. D.

Follett, Marietta; Hon. C. B. Galbreath, Columbus; Hon. M. S.

Greenough, Cleveland; Mr. W. H. Hunter, Chillicothe; Prof.

Archer B. Hulbert, Marietta; Colonel John W. Harper, Cincin-

nati; Prof. C. L. Martzolff, New Lexington; Prof. W. C. Mills,

Columbus; Prof. John D. H. McKinley, Columbus; Prof. B. F.

Prince, Springfield; Prof. E. O. Randall, Columbus; Hon. Rush

R. Sloane, Sandusky; Mr. E. F. Wood, Columbus; Prof. G. Fred-

erick Wright, Oberlin. Prof. Frederick Starr, Chicago Univer-

sity, was the guest of the society.

Messages of regret because of inability to attend were re-

ceived from Trustees Dr. H. A. Thompson, Dayton; Rev. N. B.

C. Love, Toledo; General J. Warren Keifer, Springfield; Hon.

S. S. Rickly, Columbus; and Hon. D. J. Ryan, Columbus.

The meeting was called to order by the President, Gen. R.

Brinkerhoff. The Secretary, Mr. Randall, was called upon for

the minutes of the previous annual meeting held June 3, 1904.

In order to save time, he referred to the minutes of that meeting

as published in Vol. 13, pp. 375 to 391, inclusive. Motion was

made and carried to dispense with the reading of the minutes,

and the printed report referred to was adopted as the correct

minutes of the meeting. The President then delivered the fol-

lowing opening address:

(330)

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 331

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT BRINKERHOFF.

The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society had its begin-

ning about thirty years ago. It was first organized as the Ohio State

Archaeological Association, and its first annual meeting was held at

Mansfield September 1, 1875, and was attended by about fifty of the

leading archaeologists of the state.

The purpose of that organization was purely to form an archaeo-

logical society. In 1876 the association was represented at the Cen-

tennial at Philadelphia. The Legislature appropriated $2,500 to make

an exhibit of this nature. Time was short, but an interesting and cred-

itable showing was made. In the opinion of those competent to judge,

Ohio had by far the finest exhibit of pre-historic relics, except that of the

Smithsonian Institute.

For ten years the work of the association was given exclusively to

archaeology, but in 1885, it was reorganized and broadened so as to in-

clude events historic as well as pre-historic, and the association has

since been known as the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society.

As stated in its articles of incorporation, "said society is formed for

the purpose of promoting a knowledge of archaeology and history, especi-

ally of Ohio, by establishing and maintaining a library of books, manu-

scripts, maps, charts, etc., properly pertaining thereto; a museum of

pre-historic relics and natural or other curiosities or specimens of art

or nature, promotive of the objects of the association, said library and

museum to be open to the public upon reasonable terms, and by courses

of lectures and publication of books, papers and documents touching

the subjects so specified, with power to receive and hold gifts and devises

of real and personal estate for the benefit of such society, and generally

to exercise all the powers legally pertaining thereto."

How far these requirements have been complied with by the society

is fairly indicated by its annual reports and other publications, which are

everywhere recognized as of the highest value, and comparing favorably

with those of any other state.

In archaeology, its prehistoric exhibits at the world expositions at

Chicago, Buffalo and St. Louis, as a whole were unequalled by any other

state or country and were so officially recognized.

Among its accomplishments, doubtless, the most important has been

the acquirement for the state of Fort Ancient and the Serpent Mound,

than which, among pre-historic monuments in the United States, there

are none more interesting and important. The various mounds and other

pre-historic relics of Ohio, located and enumerated by the society, now

numbers over ten thousand, and one of its leading and permanent activi-

ties has been the examination and excavation of these mounds, more or

less every year, by and under the direction of our curator and librarian

Prof. W. C. Mills.

332 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Our collection of prehistoric relics now numbers over 50,000 separate

objects, and is not surpassed or equalled by any other state in the Union.

During the twenty years succeeding its reorganization, the society, as

indicated by its publications, has given large attention to matters of his-

tory, and its library of books, manuscripts, maps, charts, etc., is now

very large and valuable. Of these various acquisitions, both historic and

pre-historic, our secretary and curator, in their annual reports to this

meeting, will doubtless present a more comprehensive and intelligent

review than is possible or proper in a brief opening address.

The greatest need of the society at the present time is, a separate

and larger building for our museum and library with largely increased

capacity over the quarters now occupied at the Ohio State University,

and it ought to be a structure worthy of the first and greatest of our

northwestern states.

In response to a recent letter of inquiry to our Curator Prof. Mills,

he writes me as follows :- "The facts are we have absolutely outgrown

the accommodations provided for us in Page Hall. Every nook and

corner is filled, and I have been compelled, within a week, to refuse

to receive collections, as we cannot place them on display." I am indeed

sorry for this, as we have grown so rapidly within the two years, or

since we occupied our more commodious quarters at Page Hall. Not

only has the museum grown but the library is well keeping pace with it.

Exchanging our publications with like societies over the entire globe

has placed our society in touch with those it would be impossible to

reach in any other way. However, our society has led in archeological

explorations and publications, and these, together with our exhibitions,

have created an interest in archaeological exploration throughout the

middle west. At present many states are following our example."

In view of the approaching bi-centennial session of our state legis-

lature, it would seem proper and advisable that our society, at its present

session, should take such action as may seem desirable for the presenta-

tion of its great needs to legislators and the public.

The President's address was received and ordered placed on

file.

The Secretary then made his annual report, which was as

follows:

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

(For the year, June 3, 1904, to June 2, 1905.)

Some one has said that that nation is the happiest which has the

least history. The theory being that prosperity follows a quiet ex-

istence. It is likely that many historians and philosophers would quarrel

with the truth of that axiom. Certain it is, however, that the history

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 333

of our society for the past year has been one of unusual uneventfulness,

yet one of unusual progress and prosperity.

PUBLICATIONS.

Since the last annual meeting the society has issued its quarterly

regularly as follows: July, 1904 (No. 3, vol. 13), October, 1904 (No.

4, vol. 13) January, 1905 (No. 1, vol. 14) and April, 1905 (No. 2, vol. 14).

Volume 13 comprising the quarterlies for January, April, July and Oc-

tober, 1904, was issued in bound volume form in December (1904). It

makes one of the most valuable and readable volumes of the series.

The reprint of this volume was included in the appropriation ($7,500) by

the Sixty-sixth General Assembly for the supplying of each member of

the legislature with ten complete sets of the thirteen volumes. The re-

publication of these volumes amounting to the printing and binding of

some twenty thousand separate books was completed in April (1905)

and the books were boxed and shipped at the expense of the appropria-

tion fund to each member of the legislature. Double postals were mailed

to each consignee announcing the shipment and requesting acknowl-

edgement of its receipt by return card. In addition to these annuals,

five copies of the volume of the centennial proceedings were sent in the

shipment above mentioned to each member of the legislature. This was

in the nature of a bonus to the members. It will be recalled that the

appropriation of $10,000 by the Seventy-fifth General Assembly for the

expense of the State Centennial held at Chillicothe was not fully ex-

pended and there was left after the payment of all bills and the publi-

cation of the volume of proceedings a balance of $684.79. It was intended

at that time to permit this surplus to lapse into the credit of the general

fund of the state. The members of the Seventy-sixth General Assembly

made an appropriation of $7,500 to reprint the volume of the Ohio Cen-

tennial proceedings for the purpose of supplying each member of that

Assembly with one hundred copies. This item of the appropriation bill

was vetoed by the Governor. In order that the members thus deprived

of the results of that appropriation, might receive at least a few copies

of this book, by approval of the Auditor of State and the Governor,

the society expended the $684.79 surplus for the reprinting of this Cen-

tennial volume thus permitting the distribution of five copies to each

member of the Legislature and in addition giving the society about 750

copies for exchanges, libraries, new members, etc.

The publications of the society are more and more in demand by

the libraries and historical and literary societies in all parts of the

country as well as in the old world. The editor receives the manu-

script of many more articles than he is able to use. The result of his

selection for publication speaks for itself. Many admirable articles are

received bearing upon historical subjects and events in other states or

having no especial significance to Ohio. These articles the editor re-

334 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

turns with the statement that the society and its publications are devoted

exclusively to Ohio archaeology and history.

The policy has been continued of sending the quarterlies as they

appear to a list of some 350 leading Ohio papers. This has proven to

be of mutual benefit to the society and the recipient papers. Many of

them have copied the articles or made copious extracts from the quar-

terlies, thereby disseminating the literature of the society in quarters

where it was of particular value or interest.

MEETINGS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

Since the annual meeting of the Society on June 3, 1904, the Execu-

tive Committee has held meetings as follows:

August 19, 1904, (page 558, vol. 13); September 19, 1904 (page 89,

vol. 14); November 28, 1904 (page 91, vol. 14); February 7, 1905. At

the last meeting mentioned the Committee took action concerning the

charges made against the Secretary of the Society by Professor J. P.

MacLean, formerly a trustee of the society, which charges were

published in the Franklin News of January 7, 1905 and a copy of

which was mailed by Mr. MacLean to each member of the society.

These charges were made in the form of a letter addressed to President

Brinkerhoff. After due consideration the Executive Committee unani-

mously adopted the following resolution:

Whereas, The communication of J. P. MacLean, of Franklin, Ohio,

dated January 23, 1905. and addressed to General R. Brinkerhoff, Presi-

dent of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, has been

referred to the Executive Committee by the President: and

Whereas, The Executive Committee after a full and careful con-

sideration of Professor MacLean's letter to the President, and the charges

and specifications set forth therein against the Secretary. E. O. Randall,

and the Executive Committee representing the Society;

Therefore, Be it resolved that this Committee having the fullest con-

fidence in its Secretary, E. O. Randall, hereby approves and commends

his conduct, both officially and personally, during his long and honored

career as the Secretary of this Society, and be it further

Resolved. That the Committee has no confidence in, and resents the

so-called charges and specifications of Dr. J. P. MacLean and it requests

the President, General R. Brinkerhoff, to return the same to its author

with a copy of this resolution.

The following members of the Executive Committee were present:

D. J. RYAN. B. F. PRINCE,

W. H. HUNTER, S. S. RICKLY,

G. F. BAREIS, G. FREDERICK WRIGHT,

J. W. HARPER, E. F. WOOD, AND

C. L. MARTZOLFF, W. C. MILLS.

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 335

Each one of the members present voted in favor of the above resolu-

tion. Secretary Randall was present but not voting.

The meetings of the Executive Committee the past year have been

less frequent than usual because there was really no necessity for meet-

ings other than those held.

At the meeting on August 19, Mr. E. F. Wood made a verbal report

of his visit to Fort Ancient on July 4 and 5 (as per page 558, vol. 13).

At this meeting standing committees for the ensuing year were selected

as follows: Finance: Messrs Rickly, Ryan and Bareis; Fort Ancient:

Messrs. Prince, Harper and Bareis; Serpent Mound: Messrs Martzolff,

Hunter and Randall; Museum and Library: Messrs. Wright, Greenough

and Brinkerhoff; Publications: Messrs. Wright, Ryan and Randall.

On Monday, August 29, in accordance with the decision of the

Executive Committee at its previous meeting (August 19) members of

the Executive Committee and certain invited state officials made a visit

of inspection to Fort Ancient as described on page 259, vol. 13.

At the meeting of the Executive Committee on September 19, the

resignation of Professor J. P. MacLean both as trustee and life mem-

ber of the society was accepted and at the meeting on November 28,

Hon. R. E. Hills of Delaware was selected to fill out Mr. MacLean's

unexpired term which would terminate at the next annual (this meet-

ing). At the Executive Committee meeting on February 7, Messrs Ryan,

Mills and Randall were appointed a committee to fix the date and the

program for the annual meeting of the Society. This committee met at

various dates and after a personal consultation with President Brinker-

hoff fixed the date of the annual meeting upon Friday, June 2. It was

decided to invite Professor Frederick Starr of the Chicago University

to deliver an address to the society and invited guests on the evening

of June 2d at the auditorium, Ohio State University. It was further

decided to arrange for an excursion to Fort Ancient on the following

day, (Saturday, June 3d), the Governor having acquiesced in that date

as being one convenient for his acceptance of an invitation by the society

to accompany the excursion.

ITINERARY OF THE SECRETARY.

In addition to the usual duties of the Secretary in looking after the

business affairs of the society and editing its publications, he paid a visit

to the St. Louis exposition on June 15 and 16 at which time he inspected

the exhibit being made by the society under the direction of Curator

Mills in the quarters assigned for that purpose in the Anthropological

Building. (See page 55., vol. 13). On September 6 to the 10th inclusive

the Secretary accompanied by Assistant Treasurer Wood visited the St.

Louis Exposition when further inspection of the exhibit of the society

and its value was made. During this visit in company with a party of

archeologists including Curator Mills, Professor Starr of Chicago, Messrs.

336 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Wood and Randall, made a trip to the famous Cahokia Mound located

in Illinois on the Mississippi River opposite St. Louis. This is the

largest mound now remaining constructed by the mound-builders. Prof.

Mills in his report will make full statement concernng the exhibit of

the society at the St. Louis exposition.

The secretary was invited by the program committee to address the

Historical Section of the International Congress of Arts and Sciences,

held at the St. Louis Exposition, September 19-25, 1904. The secretary

was unable to comply, owing to other engagements at that time, but

Prof. Mills, our curator, received a similar invitation and represented

the society by an address in the section in Archaeology of that congress.

On October 11, the Secretary was invited as representative of the

society to be present at the dedication of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Me-

morial Hall at Columbus. The exercises were held in the open air

at the site of the building in the afternoon when the corner-stone was

laid. In the evening an open camp fire was held under the auspices

of the Wells Post and the McCoy Post, G. A. R. in the auditorium

of the Board of Trade (Columbus), at which the Secretary was one of

the speakers.

On November 5, the Secretary accompanied by Messrs Harper and

Martzolff of the Executive Committee paid a visit to Serpent Mound

an account of which is found on page 92, vol. 14.

On Friday, November 18, the famous Liberty Bell, from Inde-

pendence Hall, Philadelphia, passed through Columbus on its return

trip from St. Louis to its home in the Quaker City. Secretary Randall

in accordance with the request of Mayor Jeffrey of Columbus repre-

sented the society in a committee composed of representatives from other

patriotic, educational and historical societies. The purpose of this com-

mittee was to give a fitting reception to the Bell upon its stop-over of

half an hour in the Union Depot. The Secretary selected a number

of the local members of the society to be present at its reception. A

full account of this will be found on page 94, vol. 14.

On December 28-30, 1904, Mr. A. J. Baughman, Mansfield, and

Secretary E. O. Randall represented the society, as per their selection

by the Executive Committee, at the annual meeting of the American

Historical Association held in Chicago. There were also present at that

meeting Miss Martha J. Maltby, Columbus, Mr. Nelson W. Evans, Ports-

mouth and Dr. C. E. Slocum, Defiance, all life members of The Ohio

State Archaeological and Historical Society. A statement of the meet-

ing of the American Historical Association will be found on page 219,

vol. 14.

ADDITIONAL LIFE MEMBERS.

Since the last annual meeting (June 3, 1904), there have been re-

ceived into life membership of the society the following:

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 337

Hon. Jeptha Garrard and Judge James B. Swing, Cincinnati; Hon.

E. V. Hale, Cleveland; Prof. G. A. Hubbell, Berea, Ky.; Prof. John D.

H. McKinley, Mr. Frank S. Brooks and Miss Martha J. Maltby, Co-

lumbus; Dr C. E. Slocum, Defiance; Mr. Stephen B. Cone, Hamilton;

Hon. Ross J. Alexander, Bridgeport; Mr. George W. Vanhorn, Findlay,

Mrs. Mary McArthur Tuttle, Hillsboro; and Prof. Stephen B. Peet,

Mrs. Mary McArthur Tuttle, Hillsboro; Prof. Stephen B. Peet, Chicago;

Mr. E. F. Wood, Columbus; Prof. J. H. Beal, Scio.

Dr. Newell Dwight Hillis, Pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn,

was elected an honorary member of the society in recognition of his

being the author of a book entitled "The Quest of John Chapman"

founded upon the story of "Johnnie Appleseed," one of the unique and

original characters in early Ohio history.

APPOINTMENT OF TRUSTEES.

On February 29, 1905, Governor Myron T. Herrick, re-appointed

Professor B. F. Prince, Springfield, and Mr. E. O. Randall, Columbus,

as trustees of The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society

for a term of three years ending February, 1908.

The report of the Secretary was unanimously adopted and

ordered placed on file.

Prof. Mills being called upon for his annual report submit-

ted the following:

REPORT OF THE CURATOR.

I have the honor as Curator and Librarian, to make my annual

report upon the condition of the museum and library and upon the

Archaeological Exhibit, made by the Society, at the Universal Exposition,

St. Louis, 1904.

During the year the Archaeological Museum has grown rapidly, ad-

vancing far beyond our expectations and adding several collections of

value from portions of the state, not heretofore represented in the

museum. I also placed on exhibition a portion of the material secured

during our explorations in the field.

At the present time every available space that can be used for exhi-

bition purposes has been utilized and occupied, and I hope you will

visit the museum in Page Hall and see for yourselves the crowded con-

dition and the many obstacles which materially hinder our progress and

that each of you will feel that it is his individual duty to devote every

honorable effort to secure a permanent and adequate home for the largest

and finest archaeological collection in Ohio. If this home is provided,

Ohio will have the largest archaeological museum, representing one state,

in this country, if not in the world.

Situated as we are in the very heart of a country once occupied

by a pre-historic people, whose little villages lie buried in almost all

Vol. XIV.- 22.

338 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

the river valleys in Ohio, it behooves us as a Society to continue the

work of exploration, adding what little we can to archaeological science,

and keeping abreast with other states engaged in the same work.

A few years ago Ohio was alone in this work but by her explora-

tions, publications and exhibitions she has enlisted the attention of

other states which at present are engaging in the care and protection of

archeological remains, the exploration of mounds and village sites and

the proper publication of the results of such explorations. This means a

concerted action along the lines of exploration in the various states. At

no time in the history of the science is the outlook for advancement so flat-

tering and widespread and with this combined effort in archeology we will

be able to present as perfect a history of early man in this country as it

is possible to secure. However to bring this about in our own state.

we must not feel that because our explorations have been successful

and we have obtained great quantities of valuable specimens our efforts

should be diminished, on the contrary, what has been accomplished in

our field explorations and publications should be our incentive to still

better and greater work, so the society can feel, in later years, no

regret over lost opportunities. At present we are practically free from

invasions by other institutions outside of our state, for the purpose of

carrying away our state treasures, and this will no doubt continue so

long as we put forth the effort that is expected of us.

I wish to call your attention to the historical museum and library

and ask you to note its rapid growth showing that the quarters are inade-

quate for our present needs, however, I feel, we, as a Society, are not

making the necessary effort incumbent upon us, to secure the state

papers and even the libraries of our most prominent men in Ohio, who

have figured in making our state and country great.

No other state has such a storehouse of historical material. We

need to collect more data during the time before Ohio became a state,

for certainly much history must be written concerning Ohio's part in

the American Revolution. Although not a state at that time, yet the

important events occurring within her borders, between the years 1774

and 1800, makes Ohio the most important western country in the

struggle for the independence of the United States. Therefore I feel

assured that you are all of one opinion, that the vast resources of our

state, both archaeologically and historically should be properly collected

and placed at the disposal of the public. Our plans have been perfected

to do this and what we most need is a building to properly care for and

display the many valuable specimens that would come to us merely

for the asking. At present we cannot even take care of collections that

come to us unsolicited, especially if requested to place collections on

exhibition; however we never refuse to receive them and place them in

storage in our basement rooms if such arrangements can be made.

I cannot at the present time tell you just how many specimens we

have in the museum as we are working on the new card catalog, but it

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 339

will not fall short of 50,000 and, combined with those belonging to the

University we have an archaeological museum of more than 75,000 speci-

mens representing Ohio alone. In the Library we have 2,432 volumes

recorded in the accession book and have several hundred volumes to

add to our accession list as soon as the additions can be made.

During the session of the Ohio Legislature, 1901-2, a bill was intro-

duced and passed authorizing our Society to make an archeological ex-

hibit at the Universal Exposition, St. Louis, 1904, and an appropriation

of 2,500 dollars was made to pay the expenses of such an exhibit. The

Society directed me to prepare and take charge of this exhibit. Accord-

ingly on the 19th of March I shipped to St. Louis, the exhibit prepared

from selections in the museum, together with suitable display cases,

purchased for that purpose. The rooms assigned us in the Anthropology

Building, Exposition grounds, were not well adapted for a display room,

consequently our efforts were taxed to the utmost to make our exhibit

attractive and instructive.

We completed the installation some time before the opening day and

received congratulations from the Chief of the Department of Anthro-

pology and other officials of the Exposition for presenting the first com-

plete exhibit in the building, ready on the opening day. I remained

with the exhibit during the entire period of the Exposition and at the

close of the Exposition, packed and returned the exhibit without breakage

or the loss of a single specimen, besides the return to the museum of

more than one thousand dollars' worth of cases, furniture, casts, draw-

ings, photographs, maps, etc.

The exhibit for the most part consisted of material secured by our

surveys during the last four (4) years in the field, consisting principally

of artifacts from the Baum Village Site, Gartner Mound and Village Site,

Adena Mound and the Harness Mound, occupying in all six cases while

the other eight cases were used in displaying typical specimens from vari-

ous sections of Ohio.

The large plaster cast of Fort Ancient which we had prepared for

this exhibit was so large that it was impossible to get it into the exhibit

room at St. Louis, consequently this proposed interesting feature

of our exhibit we were compelled to leave at home. However in its

stead I took the large drawing of the Fort and hung it on the east wall

of the room, together with enlarged photographs of all the most important

points of the Fort. The large drawing of the Serpent Mound Park

was hung upon the west wall together with enlarged photographs of the

most important parts of the park. Two large casts, one of the Serpent

Mound, which was placed at the west end of the exhibit room, and one

of Fort Hill of Highland county, which was placed at the east end

of the room, attracted a great deal of attention. Upon the walls of the

room were placed enlarged photographs of field explorations.

The entire collection was labelled with neat printed labels for all

specimens and a large display label for cases together with maps show-

340 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

ing location of all important finds. The photographs and drawings were

also labelled, so that it was an easy matter for visitors to examine the

collection intelligently without the aid of a guide book.

The personnel of the Jury in the section of Archaeology, passing

upon our exhibit was as follows:

Prof. M. H. Saville, Columbia Univ. Chairman.

Dr. J. C. Alves de Lima, Brazil, Vice Chairman.

Dr. G. G. MacCurdy, Yale Univ., Secretary.

Madam Zelia Nuttall, Mexico.

This committee was unanimous in awarding to our Society the

Grand Prize for the most complete and best arranged archaeological ex-

hibit in the Exposition - thus giving us priority over the exhibits of all

other states and other countries. The committee further honored our

Society by awarding me as the Curator, the Gold Medal, for the suc-

cessful and valuable explorations made among the Ohio mounds by our

Society under my supervision. The Committee especially commended the

exhumations in the Gartner and Adena mounds.

During the meeting of the International Congress of Arts and

Science, September 19-25, 1904, I was invited, to read a paper before

the Department of Anthropology, Section of Archaeology, and presented

a paper upon the results of the explorations of the Harness Mound. I

was also elected Secretary of the Section.

During my stay in St. Louis I was invited to speak upon the archaeo-

logical work in Ohio before the members of the Missouri Historical So-

ciety; to teachers of several high schools upon the Cahokia Group of

mounds and to several scientific clubs upon the explorations in Ohio.

I also received the following letter from the Department of Anthro-

pology which may be of some interest:

ST. Louis, U. S. A., November 15, 1904.

DOCTOR WM. C. MILLS, Ohio State Exhibit, Anthropology Building.

MY DEAR SIR: - With the approval of the Director of Exhibits

under authority vested in him by the President of the Louisiana Purchase

Exposition Company, and in recognition of the confidence reposed in

your abilities and training, I have the honor to designate you Honorary

Superintendent of Archaeology in this Department.

This action is inspired largely by the desire to convey to you some

token of appreciation not merely of the high value of your special ex-

hibit in the Anthropology Building but of the scientific and scholarly

character you have constantly aided in giving to this Department.

In case you find it consistent with your duties toward the institution

and state you have so efficiently represented to prepare a general report

on the archaeologic exhibits of the Department, I should greatly appre-

ciate the favor and should take much pleasure in incorporating the

same in the general report of the Department for publication by the

Exposition Company.

With assurances of consideration, I remain,

Yours respectfully,

W. J. MCGEE, Chief.

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 341

During my work at the exposition the members of the Mis-

souri Historical Society did much to make my stay in St. Louis pleas-

ant and profitable, planning many excursions for our entertainment and

in many other ways making our stay most enjoyable.

I wish to thank the officers and members of the Executive Com-

mittee who have aided me in the great undertakings of the past year

which have been crowned with such splendid success.

Respectfully submitted,

W. C. MILLS.

Following the report of the Curator, the Secretary submit-

ted brief reports from the Chairmen of the Committees on Ft.

Ancient and Serpent Mound, as follows:

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FORT ANCIENT.

The Committee on Fort Ancient have made several visits to the

Fort during the past year. They found the grounds well kept under

the care and supervision of Mr. Warren Cowan, who has been the

custodian for a number of years. The various improvements made from

year to year are beginning to show very favorably. The grounds are

growing more beautiful continually, and are a delight to all who visit

them. The buildings are kept in good order and everything about the

Fort shows constant care.

Signed. B. F. PRINCE, Chairman.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON SERPENT MOUND.

On Saturday, November 5, 1904, the committee on Serpent Mound,

consisting of Messrs Harper, Randall and Martzolff, spent the day at

Serpent Mound Park. The committee found it in excellent condition.

The grounds are covered with a thick growth of grass and everything

gave evidence of good care. The mound itself is in a perfect state of

preservation, being protected by a heavy sod which prevents erosion.

The custodian, Mr. Daniel Wallace, is careful and painstaking in

his duties. He looks after the fences and buildings of the park and

maintains them in splendid shape. The Society is certainly fortunate

in having such an efficient guardian of its property.

The Serpent Mound Park is becoming more popular each year, being

visited by hundreds of people annually. The care and preservation of

this pre-historic earthwork by our Society is being appreciated not

only by archaeologists in all lands but by the officials of our state govern-

ment and especially by the students of archaeology in Ohio.

C. L. MARTZOLFF Chairman.

342 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

The reports of the committees as submitted were received

and ordered placed on file.

The report of Assistant Treasurer E. F. Wood, in behalf of

Treasurer S. S. Rickley, was as follows:

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

[For the year ending February 1, 1905.]

RECEIPTS.

Balance on hand, February 1st, 1904 ....................... $1,005 90

Life Membership Dues ................................... 250 00

Active Membership Dues .................................. 99 00

Books sold ................................................ 80 50

Subscriptions ............................................. 21 00

Refunded ................................................. 8 20

Interest ......................... ................. .... 121 05

From Treasurer of State:

Appropriation for Current Expenses .................. 2,458 57

Appropriation for Publications ...................... 2,228 20

Appropriation for Louisiana Purchase Exposition .... 2,251 24

Appropriation for Field Work, Ft. Ancient and Serpent

Mound ........................................ 1,773 66

Total ............................................... $10,297 32

DISBURSEMENTS.

Express and Drayage ...................................... $114 14

Field W ork ............................................... 209 30

Care of Fort Ancient ...................................... 351 72

Care of Serpent Mound ................................... 379 75

Sundry Expenses ............ ............................ 33 92

Publications .............................................. 2,201 55

Job Printing .............................................. 81 00

Expenses of Trustees and Committees .................... 224 80

Louisiana Purchase Exposition ............................ 2,354 13

Salaries (3) .............................................. 2,000 00

Museum and Library ...................................... 598 05

Transferred to Permanent Fund ........................... 430 00

Postage ............ ..................................... 96 67

Balance on hand, February 1st, 1905 ...................... 1,222 29

Total ............................................... $10,297 32

Total amount of Permanent Fund .................. $4,200 00

Respectfully submitted,

S. S. RICKLY, Treasurer.

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 343

The report of the assistant treasurer was received and or-

dered placed on file.

ELECTION OF TRUSTEES.

Following the reports of the officers was held the election

of five trustees for the ensuing year. The secretary announced

that those whose terms matured at this time were: Prof. G. Fred-

erick Wright, Oberlin; Col. James Kilbourne, Columbus; Prof.

C. L. Martzolff, New Lexington; Judge J. H. Anderson, Co-

lumbus; and Mr. R. E. Hills, Delaware (selected at the meeting

of the Executive Committee on September 19, 1904, to fill out

the unexpired term of Prof. J. P. MacLean, resigned). After

some discussion as to the procedure to be followed in the election

of these trustees, it was moved by Mr. E. F. Wood and seconded

by Mr. W. H. Hunter, that the five trustees whose time expires

at this meeting, be nominated and re-elected, and that the rules

of the society be suspended and the secretary be authorized to

cast the ballot of the society for the five men named. This mo-

tion was declared carried. (Ten yeas, six nays, and several not

voting). The secretary, in accordance with the action of the

meeting thus taken, cast the ballot as instructed, and the five

men designated were declared elected as trustees of the society

to serve for three years; that is, until the annual meeting in 1908.

The secretary here called attention to the fact that at the

meeting of the Executive Committee of the Trustees (Septem-

ber 19, 1903), after the death of Trustee Hon. A. R. Mclntire,

the committee selected Judge Rush R. Sloane, Sandusky, to fill

the vacancy. The election of Judge Sloane, according to the

law of the society, could be, however, only until the next annual

meeting, which was held June 3, 1904. Judge Sloane was not

present at the meeting being absent in Europe, and no action was

taken in the matter. Therefore, in accordance with the consti-

tution, which states:

Sec. I, Art. III. Trustees "shall serve for three years, each,

from the time of their election, or until their successors are elected

and qualified,"

It is encumbent upon this meeting to take some action in

regard to the trusteeship in question. It was moved, seconded

344 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

and carried that the rules be suspended and that the secretary

cast the ballot for Judge Rush R. Sloane as trustee for the

next ensuing year, namely, from this annual meeting to the annual

meeting of the society in 1906. This the secretary did and Judge

Sloane was declared elected.

The Board of Trustees, therefore, as now constituted and

for the ensuing year will be as follows:

TERMS EXPIRE IN 1906.

J. Warren Keifer ................................ Springfield.

Bishop B. W. Arnett ............................. Wilberforce.

Hon. S. S. Rickly ......... .................. .. Columbus.

Mr. G. F. Bareis................................. Canal W inchester.

Judge Rush R. Sloane........................... Sandusky.

TERMS EXPIRE IN 1907.

General R. Brinkerhoff .......................... Mansfield.

H on. M . D. Follett............................... M arietta.

Hon. D. J. Ryan................................ Columbus.

Rev. H. A. Thompson ............................ Dayton.

Mr. W. H. Hunter ............................. . Chillicothe.

TERMS EXPIRE IN 1908.

Prof. G. Frederick Wright ........................ Oberlin.

Col. James Kilbourne............................ Columbus.

Hon. R. E. Hills ................................ Delaware.

Prof. C. L. Martzolff .......................... New Lexington.

Judge J. H. Anderson ............................ Columbus.

APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR.

TERMS EXPIRE AS INDICATED.

Rev. N. B. C. Love, Toledo, 1906.

Col. J. W. Harper, Cincinnati, 1906.

Hon. M. S. Greenough, Cleveland, 1907.

Prof. M. R. Andrews, Marietta. 1907.

Prof. B. F. Prince, Springfield, 1908.

Mr. E. O. Randall, Columbus, 1908.

The routine business of the society having been practically

completed, President Brinkerhoff stated that he thought the sub-

ject of securing from the legislature an appropriation for a suit-

able building for the use of the society ought to be considered

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 345

and some anticipatory action taken at this meeting, although he

did not know exactly what form such action should assume. He

stated the desirability of a building, alluding to the magnificent

buildings of the Wisconsin Historical Society, which cost nearly

$600,000 and was furnished by the state, and the New York

Historical Society building which is now being erected and which

when completed will cost in the neighborhood of $700,000, which

amount, however, has been obtained by private subscriptions

from the wealthy members of the society. He said there had

been a diversity of opinion among the trustees as to where such

a building of our society should be located, whether "down

town" in the heart of the city, where it would be easily accessible

to the public, or whether on the campus of the Ohio State Uni-

versity where it would not be so accessible to the public but

would be in closer touch with the university and the educational

interests of the state. Personally, at first he had favored the

city location, but had become converted to the idea that it would

be difficult to get the legislature to provide a separate site for

such a building, the state not owning any ground in the city

which could be properly assigned for such a purpose; whereas,

the State University had plenty of ground which would cost

the state nothing, and moreover the trustees of the university

would welcome its location on their grounds and supply light,

heat and many other necessary expenses for its maintenance.

This subject elicited much discussion, and it was finally de-

cided that the matter be referred to the Executive Committee

with the direction that they take the matter up at the earliest

possible moment and make such report and at such time to the

society as the committee might deem advisable.

Prof. Mills desired to say, while the building matter was

being discussed, he thought it only due the university that it be

credited with doing all that was possible under existing circum-

stances for the society. They had given the society the use of a

large part of the building known as Page Hall, and in fact, were

doing their utmost to care for the present needs of the museum

and library. There certainly could be no complaint on the part

of the society against the Trustees, President or other officers

of the university as they were in hearty sympathy with the work

346 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

of the society and were prepared to do everything possible and

legitimate in the furtherance of its progress.

The President at this point introduced Prof. J. H. Beal, of

Scio College, a life member of the society and formerly a mem-

ber of the legislature. Prof. Beal in a few graceful words ac-

knowledged his interest in the society, complimenting its publi-

cations and work, and stated facetiously that he belonged to that

section of the society which Mr. Hunter had designated as "the

crank section," namely, the archeological branch. He had vis-

ited nearly all of the prehistoric works of the Mississippi Valley,

and hoped to visit in due time all those he had omitted. He

thought one of the chief purposes of this society should be to get

the people of Ohio interested in the preservation of the prehistoric

earthworks.

Mr. Archer B. Hulbert, a life member of the society and now

the distinguished author of "Historic Highways," was present and

spoke in a complimentary vein of the work of the society, saying,

however, that in his travels about the state he had concluded that

the society was more popularly known for its archaeological work

than for its historical work. He thought the society ought to

strengthen its work along the line of the collecting of publications

of original historical papers, mentioning as an example the origi-

nal publications in the British Museum of Boquet's Expedition into

Ohio in 1764. He thought there was a great field for activity

among the individual members of the society in seeking out

valuable original manuscripts and securing them for the society

for publication. There were already in the library of the Wis-

consin Historical Society and the Carnegie Library at Pittsburg

many valuable documents pertaining to the early history of Ohio,

copies of which could be secured for the Quarterly of the society.

Prof. John D. H. McKinley, a life member of the society,

said a few words complimentary of the work of the society and

especially emphasizing the apparent need of the society for a per-

manent home for the manuscripts and documents which the pre-

vious speakers intimated that we ought to collect. It was diffi-

cult to secure these valuable documents so long as we have not

permanent and secure quarters for their safety and accessibility.

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 347

He realized that the next great field for the energies of this soci-

ety is in harmonious action concerning a building.

Prof. Frederick Starr, the eminent ethnologist of Chicago

University, being present as the guest of the society, was called

upon for an expression of his views. Prof. Starr proved to be

a fluent and most interesting speaker. He stated that he had

been greatly interested in the proceedings of the meeting; that

his knowledge of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical

Society began at the Buffalo Exposition, where, under the direc-

tion of Prof. W. C. Mills, our Curator, there was a most com-

mendable exhibit of the archaeological department of the society

and a gold medal awarded the society as it thoroughly deserved.

He was connected with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at

St. Louis as lecturer on the subject of ethnology and instructed

a class of students for many weeks during the continuance of the

exposition. He saw much of the exhibit of our society and of

the work accomplished by Prof. Mills. He particularly com-

mended the efficiency with which Dr. Mills explained to the

teachers, school children, visitors and "archaeological cranks" the

objects of interest which the exhibit of the society presented.

Prof. Starr said he was somewhat familiar with the publications

of our society and that they were exceedingly high-grade in

character and form. He knew of none better. Years ago he

made the acquaintance of Prof. F. W. Putnam of the Peabody

Museum, and was familiar with the history of the securing of

Serpent Mound by Prof. Putnam through the influence of the

Boston ladies for Harvard University and its subsequent transfer

to our society. That was a much desired achievement both for

Prof. Putnam and the Ohio Society, in whose hands it ought to

be. The possession now by the Ohio society of Fort Ancient

and Serpent Mound, the two greatest and most interesting relics

of the mound builders in the United States, places this society

permanently in the forefront of archaeological institutions in this

country; and naturally makes it conspicuous throughout the

United States and the world at large. He commended the work

of Secretary Randall as active executive of the society, and for his

work in the historical department and then emphatically expressed

348 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

himself to the effect that the society should secure a building that

would be exclusively its own and not be combined with any other

state interest such, for instance, as the state library.

The remarks of Prof. Starr met with most hearty approval

on the part of the meeting, which then adjourned.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE TRUSTEES.

Immediately following the adjournment of the annual meet-

ing of the society there was held the annual meeting of the Board

of Trustees. There were present at this meeting, Judge J. H.

Anderson, Prof. M. R. Andrews, Mr. G. F. Bareis, Gen. R.

Brinkerhoff, Judge M. D. Follett, Hon. M. S. Greenough, Hon.

R. E. Hills, Mr. W. H. Hunter, Col. John W. Harper, Prof. C.

L. Martzolff, Prof. B. F. Prince, Mr. E. O. Randall, Judge Rush

R. Sloane, Prof. G. Frederick Wright.

Secretary Randall called the meeting to order. Prof. G.

Frederick Wright was asked to act as temporary chairman. Sec-

retary Randall read the minutes of the last annual meeting of the

trustees, which were approved without alteration except that the

name of W. H. Hunter should be inserted in the list of the trustees

selected to serve on the Executive Committee. His name occurred

in the minutes of the proceedings of the Executive Committee

but without indicating his authority to so act.

The trustees immediately proceeded to the election of officers

for the ensuing year. The officers elected unanimously were:

President, Gen. R. Brinkerhoff; First Vice President, Mr. G. F.

Bareis; Second Vice President, Prof. G. Frederick Wright;

Treasurer, Hon. S. S. Rickly; Assistant Treasurer, Mr. E. F.

Wood; Secretary and Editor, Mr. E. O. Randall; Curator and

Librarian, Prof. W. C. Mills. The Trustees selected to serve on

the Executive Committee in addition to the officers who are ex-

officio members, were, Messrs. Greenough, Hunter, Martzolff,

Prince and Ryan.

Prof. Martzolff called the attention of the trustees to the fact

that Mr. Obadiah Brokaw, of Stockport, Morgan County, had

erected a monument on the site of the Big Bottom Massacre.

Since erecting such monument Mr. Brokaw is anxious in regard

to the future care of the same and the ground immediately sur-

350 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

rounding it. In an interview between Prof. Martzolff and Mr.

Brokaw on this matter, the latter had intimated that he might be

willing to accept the services of the society in some scheme of

co-operation in regard to the future care of the monument and

property. This subject was finally referred to the Executive

Committee for discretionary action.

A committee of three, consisting of Trustees Randall, Wright

and Ryan was appointed to revise the constitution and by-laws

and present that revision to the members of the society at the next

annual meeting.

The question of salaries for the officers receiving compensa-

tion for services was referred to the Executive Committee with

power to act. The Y. M. C. A. was thanked for use of their

rooms for the annual meeting.

LECTURE BY PROF. STARR.

The proceedings of the annual meeting on the afternoon of

Friday, June 2d, were fittingly followed in the evening by a lec-

ture given by Prof. Frederick Starr, of Chicago University, in

the Auditorium of the Ohio State University. Prof. Starr's

subject was "The Aztecs of Mexico," a subject with which the

professor is not only exceedingly familiar, but upon which he is

probably the highest living authority. Prof. Starr has visited

Mexico many times during the past years and made lengthy and

most careful studies of the remains of the ancient Aztec tribe.

His lecture was intensely interesting, bringing as it did the sub-

ject at first hand before the audience. It was illustrated by stere-

optican views especially prepared by Prof. Starr. The lecturer

gave a detailed account of the historic Aztec tribe of Indians,

the extent of the territory over which they held dominion, their

form of government, civilization and such of their history as has

been preserved to the memory of the present generation. It

would not be possible to do justice to the lecture by attempting

even a synopsis of it in these pages. Prof. Starr overthrew many

prevailing ideas concerning the nature of the Aztec people and

particularly controverted the universally read descriptions of

that people by such distinguished authors as Prescott and Lew

Wallace, whose portrayals of the Aztecs, the lecturer stated, be-

Twentieth Annual Meeting, Etc. 351

long more to the realm of popular fiction than to that of accurate

history. The lecturer gave it as a result of his studies that there

was probably no racial relationship between the Aztecs and the

so-called Mound Builders of the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys.

EXCURSION TO FORT ANCIENT.

On Saturday, June 3d, the society for the benefit of its mem-

bers and invited guests, conducted an excursion to Fort Ancient.

The party consisted of some sixty in number, among whom were

Governor and Mrs. Myron T. Herrick; Col. Webb C. Hayes,

Cleveland; Gen. J. Warren Keifer, Springfield; Hon. M. S.

(Greenough and Miss Greenough, Cleveland; Prof. and Mrs. G.

Frederick Wright, Oberlin; Prof. Frederick Starr, University of

Chicago; Prof. and Mrs. W. C. Mills; Hon. Tod B. Galloway;

Gen. R. Brinkerhoff, Mansfield; Mr. and Mrs. Geo. F. Bareis and

Miss Bareis, Canal Winchester; Mr. E. O. Randall; Dr. C. S.

Means and Master Russell Means; Prof. M. R. Andrews, Mari-

etta; Col. J. W. Harper, Cincinnati; Miss Kate R. Blair; Prof.

W. R. Kersey; Prof. G. H. MacKnight; Prof. and Mrs. Herbert

Osborn; Miss Anna Russell; Mr. D. E. Phillips; Mr. J. W. New-

ton ; Miss Alice Brown; Miss Martha J. Maltby; Mr. and Mrs.

C. A. Covert and Miss Florence Covert; Mrs. N. E. Lovejoy: Mr.

L. S. Wells; Rev. R. H. Cunningham ; Mrs. Francis Sessions;

Prof. J. H. Beal, Scio; Prof. Frank Cole; Miss Gertrude Hill, Los

Angeles, Cal.: Mr. Sherman Randall: Mr. John L. W. Henney;

Mr. E. F Wood; Mr. R. H. Platt and Masters Robert and

Rutherford Platt: Mr. P. M. Wetmore; Mr. and Mrs. O. K.

Ellis; Mr. Clarence Metters; Hon. Alex, Boxwell, Red Lion;

Mr. L. B. Freeman, District Passenger Agent of Pennsylvania

Lines, in charge of the party.

The party arrived at the fort about noon and after partaking

of a lunch at the station inn proceeded in carriages up the hill

to the fort. A halt was made at the Pavillion in the Old Fort,

where speeches were made by Governor Herrick, Prof. Wright,

Prof. Starr, and Prof. Mills, introduced by Mr. Randall.

Prof. Mills made a brief statement of the general plan of

the fort and contour of the earthworks. Prof. Wright gave a

short history of the explorations which had been made among

352 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

the mounds, emphasizing the fact that foreigners-especially

the Englishmen- thought it worth while to take relics from the

American remains to the British and other museums. He said

that in fact to-day to study certain relics of American Mound

Builders it is necessary to go to Salisbury, England, which Prof.

Wright expects to visit this summer. It is only in the last fifteen

years, he continued, that Ohio has been alive to the subject. But

the work of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society

represents progress in this line, as the crowded quarters of the

society now reveal. The legislature should appreciate the value of

these things so that we may have a building in Columbus to hold

them. A building which will be the pride of the country. All

scholars of archaeology should rejoice in the work of this society

for the past ten years.

Prof. Starr expressed a hope that in the future many other

famous remains of the mound builders might come into the pos-

session of the archaeological society and be preserved, as Fort

Ancient and Serpent Mound now are. But he said you must

have the people of the state behind you, you must have a legisla-

ture of sense and you must have a governor who will be in sym-

pathy with you and not veto appropriations for such purposes.

You know there is an old saying, "New York for homes, Pennsyl-

vania for barns, but Ohio for schools." It is true. I congratulate

you upon your schools of Ohio. Because of these schools you

have Fort Ancient and Serpent Mound saved.

Governor Herrick, who followed, answered Prof. Starr by

saying that the people might expect even more of the Executive

than merely to refrain from vetoing measures which the legisla-

ture might pass in behalf of the society. We should contribute

our part towards the preservation of the works for those who

come after us, he said. "I agree with Prof. Wright that we in

Ohio can afford to look after these, and I trust and hope that our

state exchequer from year to year can spare something to devote

to this purpose. I congratulate the people of Ohio that the evi-

dences are that the race which lived here so long ago were a

virile race even as we are to-day."

Members of the party then strolled to various portions of

the Old and New Forts at their leisure, inspecting the exten-

Ohio History Journal