Ohio Day at Pan-American Exposition. 123
OHIO DAY AT PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION.
JULY 18, 1901: Never was the "Rainbow City" more radiant, attractive or active than on "Ohio Day," July 18, 1901, when thousands of Buckeyes made pilgrimage from their native state to Buffalo and proudly participated in the ceremonies and festivities of the formal dedication of the Ohio Building.
OHIO BUILDING. The Ohio Building, one of the finest and most admired state edifices on the ground, naturally was the center of life, apart |
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from the hours of the exercises in the Temple of Music. The architect is Mr. John Eisenmann of Cleveland, Ohio. It is pure white and stands out conspicuously among all state and foreign buildings. It is 100 by 80 feet in extent, with a 20 foot colonade |
124 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
running entirely around it and adding materially to the ground space that it covers and to its majestic effect. Its style of archi- |
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tecture is Grecian. On the ground floor of the building are the offices for the Ohio Com- mission. There are also a woman's reception room, furnished handsomely with specially made oak furniture, and a gentleman's writ- ing room, equally complete in appointment. The main feature of the ground floor, if not the building, is the assembly-room, an apart- ment 60 by 30 feet in extent; although it will accommodate 200 people without much crowding, it was far too small for the |
crowds of Ohioans who thronged the building on its dedication day. Adorning the walls are pictures of President McKinley, |
the late John Sherman, Senator Hanna, Senator Foraker, Ex-Governor Bushnell, Governor Nash and other of Ohio's fav- orite sons. The wall and ceiling decora- tions are unique with oriental plants ris- ing from urns of Egyptian design. Gold- leaf figures artistically in the color scheme of the decorations in this room. On the second floor are spacious living rooms for the custodians of the building and a private room for the entertainment of distinguished guests. Hon C. L. Swain is in active charge of the building |
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while Mrs. C. L. Swain gracefully fills the position of house hostess. Miss Georgia Hopley is a permanent resident as the accomplished correspondent of the daily papers. There are three pianos, scores of comfortable chairs, cool breezes, pictur- esque and fairy like views from the broad porticos, and in fact everything to make the visitor feel at home and long to stay. The building is most brilliant at night. It is lighted with actey- lene gas, which gives a peculiar whitish light, a contrast to the rich yellow of the incandescent lighting of the other buildings, which makes the Ohio Building stand out preeminent. |
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 125
PUBLIC CEREMONIES.
The dedication day was in keeping with
all else, bright and
balmy. The clerk of the weather must
have been an Ohio man
or the descendant of one, for he could
not have furnished a kind-
lier sun or a gentler air. The Bison
City was in gala attire and
the Exposition, arrayed in all its
"purple and fine linen," was in
its jolliest and gayest mood.
To the credit of the people from the
Buckeye State it may
be said that their celebration of the
day that had been set apart
for them was more general and more
enthusiastic than that of any
other State at the Exposition. Men
prominent in State and na-
tional affairs were there as well as the
soldiery and the common
every day citizen, all bent upon one
mission, that of swelling the
attendance of Ohioans and assisting to
make the day a memorable
one. Pride was apparent on the face of
every wearer of the
Buckeye and red ribbon.
The formal exercises of the day began
with the starting of
the parade from the 74th N.
Y. Regiment Armory in the center
of the city. The pageant, semi-military
and semi-civic in char-
acter, was confined almost exclusively
to Ohioans, although there
was a sprinkling of local people, city
and county officials and
members of the Pan-American committees.
The Eighth Ohio
Regiment, one of the best appearing
bodies of citizen soldiery that
has ever paraded Buffalo streets and
famous as being the "Presi-
dent's Own," constituted the
military division of the pageant.
The civic division was made up as
follows: Carriages containing
Gov. Nash of Ohio, President John G.
Milburn of the Exposition
Company, Senator Marcus A. Hanna, Hon.
Frank H. Baird of
Buffalo, the Governor's staff, the
speakers of the day, the Ohio
Pan-American Commissioners and city
officials.
The Eighth Ohio Regiment, the advance
guard of the par de
and the official escort, arrived at the
Lincoln Parkway entrance
at 11.20 o'clock and marched into the grounds, preceding Gov.
Nash and the other dignitaries. Near the
Triumphal Causeway
the regiment dressed to the right and
presented arms as the dis-
tinguished guests alighted from the
carriages and marched to the
magnificent Temple of Music. Thousands
of people who had
126 Ohio Arch, and His. Society Publications.
gathered about the Esplanade to witness the arrival of the parade cheered lustily as the guests marched to the Temple. At the doors of the Temple the guests were welcomed by Director- General Buchanan, His Honor Mayor Diehl, Treasurer Williams, Harry Hamlin, H. H. Seymour and others. The only guest ex- pected by the officials and who failed to appear to the disappoint- ment of the multitude was Senator Foraker. The Temple of Music was packed with a brilliant and enthu- siastic audience. To the inspiring strains of martial music the Ohio Commission, Honorables W. S. McKinnon of Ashtabula, S. L. Patterson of Waverly and C. L. Swain of Cincinnati es- corted Governor Nash and his party upon the platform. The dedicatory exercises began almost immediately. Hon. W. S. McKinnon, chairman of the Ohio Commission, called the |
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assemblage to order, and introduced the Hon. Daniel J. Ryan of Columbus, chair- man of the meeting, who spoke briefly, acknowledging his pleasure at such a general outpouring of Ohioans. He also expressed cordial good will for the suc- cess of the Exposition. Bishop B. W. Arnett of Wilberforce University deliv- ered the invocation, after which the 65th N. Y. Regiment Band played a selection. Mme. Generva Johnstone-Bishop of Mar- ion, then sang "The Holy City" in a man- ner which elicited the applause of the |
vast audience. The formal address of welcome was delivered by Director-General W. I. Buchanan. The address was short but appropriate and in a very few words Mr. Buchanan voiced the sentiments of every citizen of Buffalo in welcoming most heartily the citizens of the Buckeye State. He reminded the Ohioans that 123 years ago last Monday, following a ban- quet, which is one of the peculiarities of Ohio, civil government was established in their State. The people of the State made a good beginning and had kept up their record until to-day. It is generally understood that when anything in connection with civil government is required, all the people of this country have |
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 127
to do is to call on Ohio men and they
can supply it. Mr. Bu-
chanan remarked that that he had the
distinction in his boyhood
to run barefoot and tramp down hay in a
haymow and walk
one and one-half miles to school in
winter in the Ohio valley.
He said he retained most pleasant
recollections of his boyhood
in Ohio. It was a great pleasure to
welcome so many citizens of
that State. He expressed the hope that
all would thoroughly
enjoy their visit and assured them of a
most cordial welcome by
the Exposition and the people of
Buffalo.
GOV. NASH'S RESPONSE.
Gov. Nash made the response to the
welcome. His speech
was short and enthusiastically received.
"It is said that there is a word in
the Japanese language," began the
Governor, "which is spelled
O-h-i-o, and which means good morning.
Mr. Director General, the people of Ohio
are here present to say good
morning to you. I also desire to express
our sincere appreciation of
the splendid words the director general
has uttered in regard to our
State. While we of Ohio are proud of our
State, we cannot forget
that the State of New York is larger and
older than Ohio. When we
think of the things which have come to
us in the last year, our memo-
ries go back to the pioneers who built
Ohio, who were the most patri-
otic, most deserving and most splendid
people, who came from New
England, from Pennsylvania and from New
York, and for its contri-
bution to the builders of our State we
always shall feel grateful to New
York.
"We are proud of Ohio and its
industries, its commerce and its
men; so are you similarly proud of your
great State of New York.
But there is one thing of which we are
prouder than we are of our
riches; our splendid men. I am sure that
you of New York are glad
that Ohio has given to the Nation
William McKinley as President
(cheers), just as we of Ohio are glad
that you have given to the coun-
try a Vice President in Theodore
Roosevelt. (Cheers.) We should re-
member our sole allegiance is not due to
Ohio only, nor to New York
alone, but that we are only two of the
forty-five States which make up
this great Nation.
"Mr. Director General, we thank you
for this great exposition
which you have built here in Buffalo.
Ohio desires in a small way to
show its appreciation of what you have
done. She has erected a building
here, where, we hope, many thousands of
our fellow citizens and of
128 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
the citizens of all the states and the
republics to the south of us may
spend many pleasant hours and may find
rest and comfort. It is my
duty to turn our building over to the
Pan-American, and in doing so I
express the sincere hope that your
exposition may have the great success
which always should accompany efforts so
earnest, so able and so mag-
nificent and wonderful in results as are
those made by the officials of
the exposition and the citizens of
Buffalo. I thank you for your attention
and I again wish you great
success."
PRESIDENT MILBURN.
Gov. Nash's brief speech was applauded
enthusiastically.
President John G. Milburn then accepted
the Ohio Building
in behalf of the Exposition. He referred
earnestly to the very
cordial encouragement and effective
co-operation which had been
given to the Pan-American by the State
of Ohio from the incep-
tion of the exposition project. He
assured the Ohioans that their
assistance and their presence on their
day was greatly appreci-
ated. It was only through such sympathy
and co-operation as
had been extended by Ohio that the great
purpose of the Pan-
American, the making better known to the
people of South and
Central America of our people, and the
making of them better
known to the people of this country, the
bringing together of the
Americas, could be accomplished.
"Those of us engaged in this
work," said Mr. Milburn, in
conclusion, "are sincerely grateful
and the day will never come
when we will forget how Ohio stood by us
and helped us to ac-
complish what we have done."
OHIO THE FIRST CHILD OF THE NORTHWEST.
The Hon. Charles W. Baker of Cincinnati
followed with an
eloquent address upon the topic,
"Ohio, the First Child of the
Northwest." He said:
"The fair fame of Ohio, as you may
have observed, does not rest
merely upon the natural productions of
her soil or the very many and
versatile results of her skill and
labor.
"Ohio produces men--men of action.
Men who can work and
plan. Men who can talk and think and
fight; and it would hardly be
a full and fair description did I not
add, men who can and do hold office
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition 129
"It has been so ever since Ohio
became a State, nearly one hundred
years ago; for Ohio was not long in
getting into the Union after it was
once well started, and she has had a
great deal to do and say about
things ever since.
"Virginia used to be called the
Mother of Presidents. Virginia
will have to be content with the title
of grandmother now, for the other
distinction has passed from her. Ohio
has assumed it.
"Nor are we without hope that the
years of the future will still
justify this distinguished and
distinguishing title.
"It is said at home that we have
several very able men on both
sides who look not upon the mention of
their names in connection with
the Ohio succession reproachfully.
"Did not the Twelfth Amendment
forbid, we might furnish both
the President and Vice President.
"That inhibition is not nearly so
forbidding that I should indulge
in such suggestion, however, as is the
preamble of the Constitution,
which says that one of its objects is to
'insure domestic tranquillity.'
There would be no domestic tranquillity
in Ohio, I mean constitutional
domestic tranquillity, with such a
ticket. The most amiable of hopes
would not underwrite such an insurance.
"In New York you are said to have
similar congestion and plethora.
Speaking as an Ohioan, I beg to say to
you of New York, that when the
long roll is called and counted, the
Ohio man will be in the first place,
and you may have the second only because
the Constitution says we can-
not have them both.
"But, ladies and gentlemen, there
are a great many persons in
Ohio who do not hold office, and,
although they may be perfectly willing
to do so, are not particularly concerned
about it as the chief end of life.
"They are represented in the
material things you see about you,
that in this exposition stand for Ohio's
industries and endeavor.
"Ohio was the first fruits of the
Ordinance of 1787. That ordin-
ance was not merely the political
creation of a Congress enactment, but
a solemn perpetual covenant between the
thirteen Colonies and the people
of the Northwestern Territory, that
slavery and involuntary servitude
should be forever prohibited within its
borders, and, in its own language,
'religion, morality and education being
essential to good government
and the happiness of mankind should
forever be encouraged.'
"This vast Northwest, that in the
ambiguous text of the treaty ceding
it, extended 'up into the land
throughout from sea to sea, west and
northwest,' radiated between the Ohio
River and the lakes, to the
Mississippi,and was destined within
fifty years to form six great States,
of which Ohio was the first, as she was
the fourth after the thirteen
Colonies, to be admitted into the
Federal Union.
Vol. X-9
130 Ohio Arch. and His.
Society Publications.
"She was settled by a commingling
of people, a part entering from
the Northeast, type and descendant of
the best Puritan blood of New
England, the other strain of migration
entering from the South, bringing
the warm and chivalrous traits and
characteristics of the cavalier, whose
ancestors had peopled Maryland and
Virginia, while flung across her
central border as if to reinforce and
fuse these varied elements, New
York and Pennsylvania lent Dutch and
Huguenot, producing in the
amalgamation as great and strong and
mighty a race of people as ever
trod the globe.
"It is not surprising that Ohio,
like some central, shining sun,
scattering light and heat and life, has
sent in drifts and masses westward
and north and south and back again and
eastward, men and women
who have won distinction in every field
of opportunity and endeavor.
She has given Governors and Senators to
other States, and judges and
statesmen to supreme courts and national
assemblies. Her soil has been
the birthplace of Presidents whom other
States have presented to the
Nation, as her own sons have been lifted
to that high office by the
suffrage of their countrymen. She
consecrated the brain and blood and
bodies of 500,000 sons to God and glory
to preserve the Union, as she
gave the great commanders of that heroic
struggle to country and to
history.
"Her artisans and mechanics have
filled the earth with implements
and evidence of skill and genius. They
invent them and then teach
mankind to build, as well as use, them.
"Her wood and iron-working
machinery fills the markets of Russia
and the East. She sells her oil to India.
Her wagons trek the dusty
roads of Africa, as her plows and
reapers plant and gather the harvests
of Australia.
"Go into any field of industry the
wide world over, and on the
simplest, as well as upon the most
intricate and delicate machinery
utilized, you will find the stamp of
Ohio.
"Nature intended it should be so.
Her valleys are beautiful and
prolific, the fairest the sun e'er shone
upon; redolent with the fragrance
of the wild grape and cherry that still
bloom and blossom beside culti-
vated orchards, and green and yellow
with wheat and cornfields nodding
in the sunshine, keeping time to the
music of the harvest. The Miamis,
fertile and picturesque, stretch away
into the Scioto and Muskingum,
and these melt again into the Hocking,
the Mahoning and the Tuscara-
was, that in turn touch the Cuyahoga and
the old black swamp, fountain-
head of the Sandusky and the Maumee.
"Ohio is still among the first of
all States in the production of
wheat and corn and other cereals, in
grapes and fruit, in tobacco,
flax and hemp; in cattle and sheep, in
hogs and horses, in every product
of the soil, Ohio is Arcadian. She is
like some vast cornucopia filled
to the overflow with abundant harvests.
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 131
"Her hills, like her valleys, are
prodigal in natural resources.
Not Alpine in height, but Apennine in
beauty; full of coal and lime
and iron, of building stone and granite.
They need but labor and the
torch to start the smoking furnaces that
pour out steel and iron in
endless torrent; to pile mountain high
the diamonds that are black that,
put to crucible, with eager fire drive
wheels and shafts and gearings
that crown human industry and give light
and heat and fuel; to rear
aloft architrave and column upon
foundations of stately edifices and
business blocks.
"We bore beneath the wheat and
corn, and oil and gas and salt
bubble and burst surfaceward.
"Yonder upon the eastern border is
a clay deposit that, aside from
tile and brick, deftly fashioned in the
potter's hands, makes famous
Ohio's potteries.
"In our own city of Cincinnati the
genius of a gifted Ohio woman
fashioned wares that in exquisiteness of
blended color, fused and welded,
and in fineness of texture and finish,
make Rookwood as famous and
as artistic the world over as Wedgwood,
Majolica or Delft.
"Ohio stands the great connecting
Isthmian way between all the
States. It was so of old, when the
national pike joined the West to
the East. It is now, when the slow
locomotion of wagon and stage
coach has given way to the iron horse
speeding upon steel rails.
"All continental lines of travel
cross her territory. Converging
as they come from eastern terminals,
they traverse Ohio upon closely
drawn and almost parallel lines, and
then diverging like loosened tan-
gents, they spread abroad from Texas to
Oregon. All States pay tribute
to us. We levy tax on traffic and gather
toll from trade as the com-
merce of the world crosses our borders.
Little wonder is it that men
go forth from Ohio, carrying the dear
old State in their heart of hearts.
Little wonder is it that in every city
of any size in this Union, and in
many, very many smaller towns, there are
Ohio societies that foster
and minister to the love and pride they
bear her memory and her greatness.
"But I must not prolong this
recital.
"New York may call herself the
Empire State; Ohio is imperial, too.
"Pennsylvania may style herself the
Keystone State; Ohio is key-
stone and arch.
"Alabama's name means 'Here we
rest;' but Ohio is the abiding
place of all that stands for life, for
home, for hope, for happiness.
"Those of us who were born on her
soil, together with her adopted
sons and daughters, voice that
triumphant outcry of devotion: 'Thy people
shall be my people, and thy God, my God.
The Lord do so to me and
more if aught but death part thee and
me.'
132 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
Mrs. Bishop sang again. Her glorious
voice was heard first
in Handel's "I Know That My
Redeemer Liveth" and then in
"Comin' Thro' the Rye."
"THESE ARE MY JEWELS."
Hon. Emmett Thompkins, Congressman-elect
from the 12th
Ohio District (Columbus) delivered an
address replete with most
interesting historical and statistical
information:
"Out of the days devoted to the
exposition of the arts and the
products of the two Americas, this one
is dedicated to Ohio, in order
that we, her citizens, should have
special opportunity to make man-
ifest her worth to others and among
ourselves to rejoice over her achieve-
ments and her status, and to hopefully
contemplate, and find inspiration
for, the future. Ohio is a great State.
One of the greatest of all the
States. That may sound like vanity and
boastfulness. It is not. I have
heard many who never lived there, but
who knew what they were talking
about, say the same thing. If such
others so speak, why should it be
vanity or boastfulness for me to speak
as they do? There are many
reasons for this conceded greatness, and
reasons readily found and easily
understood.
"Location has had much to do in
bringing about her present condi-
tion. It secured for her that sturdy and
healthy pioneer population which
was richly capable of laying the civic
and industrial foundations of the
commonwealth and the later population,
descendant from these pioneers
or admitted from other places, which has
builded wisely and well the
superstructure now resting so firmly and
gracefully upon these foun-
dations.
"Many of the New Englanders at the
close of the Revolution and
the establishment of the Union were
content to stop where they were
and seek no further. The trials of the
long struggle for independ-
ence had wearried them, and the
magnitude of their achievements filled
their cups, so that they neither sought
nor desired acquisition of ter-
ritory or change in conditions. Indeed,
many of them believed and
urged that when the thirteen Colonies
passed into the Union under the
Constitution the ultimate had been
attained; that expansion of terri-
tory or migration of the inhabitants to
outside fields were neither toler-
ated nor contemplated by the instrument
and the spirit of the federation;
that the Appalachian range was the
western boundary for all time,
and that whatever lay beyond should be
the uninvaded home of the
Indian and the undisturbed lair of the
wild beast. In short, they denied
the right and propriety of growth or
change. Even to this day there
Ohio Day at Pan-American Exposition. 133
are a few choice spirits who appear to
think the same way, but hap-
pily for the country, they are growing
fewer.
"To the contrary, there were many
New Englanders of other
moods, notions and spirit. They looked
across the lines marking the
narrow geographical area of the original
Union. They were active,
progressive, expansive. They had climbed
to the top of the Alleghe-
nies and from this lofty crest beheld
the mighty West. They saw the
vast and unexplored forests, the
undulating plains, the sweeping rivers,
the plunging waterfalls and curling
brooks, the fertile valleys and ore-
filled hills, the changing skies and
moving seasons lying between them
and the western line of the continent,
and their souls were filled with
ambition and thrilled with hope. These
people organized different land
companies, one distinctly known as the
Ohio Company, and receiving
large grants at low prices and much
encouragement from the general
government, they moved away from
Massachusetts, Rhode Island and
Connecticut, sturdy men and women they
were, and crossed the moun-
tains, threaded their way through
unmarked forests and floated upon
the bosom of great rivers and their
tributaries to stop at last within the
territory of what is now the State of
Ohio. They stopped because they
had found that which they sought. These
New Englanders settled prin-
cipally in the northeastern part and
obtained lands which are still called
the "Western Reserve," and
others in the southeastern part upon the
shares allotted by the Ohio Company
obtained by it from the United
States. About the time of this invasion
by the New Englanders,
another movement looking to the
formation of Ohio had taken place.
That vast area stretching from Kentucky
to the British Possessions had
been ceded by the State of Virginia and
constituted what is known as
the "Territory Northwest of the
Ohio River." This passed under civil
control in 1788, when Arthur St. Clair
was inaugurated governor thereover
and upon this event great interest was
aroused and Virginians, who were
always expansionists, left their native
heaths and moving to the North-
west peopled the Symmes Purchase and the
Virginia Military Survey,
where Chillicothe, our first State
capital, is located.
"By these we see that the pioneers
of Ohio, the first settlers,
they who laid the sills, who gave form
and quality to our common-
wealth, were the sons and daughters of
sturdy, conservative and wise
New England, and the sons and daughters
of the brave, powerful and
dashing Virginia. Could origin have come
from richer or more fruitful
source? Could any territory have been
opened and settled by better
stock? Ohio was the chosen ground of
these adventurous and progress-
ive pioneers because she lay in their
path. The early descendants of
these New Englanders and Virginians,
leaving the ancestral cabins and
seeking other fields, in time covered
the whole territory, and thus
meeting and mingling they combined the
best qualities of the different
134 Ohio Arch. and His. Society
Publications,
sections. Marriages between them were
common, and as a result there
is not a day in the year nor a place in
Ohio when and where you can
not find some person whose ancestors
upon one side were from New
England and upon the other from
Virginia.
"New England and Virginia! The
leaders in the American Revo-
lution, the authors of the Declaration
of Independence, the vigorous
advocates of the constitutional
prohibition of slavery and the establish-
ment of the equality of all men before
the law; ambitious, alert, pro-
gressive, wise and patriotic they
mingled their blood, brawn and brains
upon the waiting and fecund soil of
Ohio.
"The example set by these pioneers
became effective and many
others left the East and Southeast to
make their homes in the new and
wondrous land. Some, no doubt, had fixed
their destination farther,
others no farther, but be that as it
might have been, when the immigrant
reached Ohio he was attracted by her
inducements, and there he stopped
and pitched his tent. Ohio is and always
has been the gateway between
the East and the farther West. All
immigrants and travelers passing
from one region to the other cross or
touch her borders. The early
emigrant with his yoke of oxen, the
later with his horses and "Quaker"
wagon, and the still later riding in the
swiftly moving steam-drawn car,
seeking the "land of the setting
sun," had to see Ohio, and seeing her
was caught by her charms and lingered
with her.
"By reason of our location, so it
appears, we have had opportunity
to arrest and hold the immigrant,
domestic and foreign, and as a result
our population is composed of the best
order of Americans and the best
classes of foreigners and their
descendants, and all combine to give us
a citizenship unsurpassed in quality and
in character.
"While location has had much to do
in bringing about the present
condition of Ohio, there are other
reasons to be considered, as supple-
mentary to and co-operative with
location, and without which location
would have availed but little, and one
is the material richness of the
State. No other like amount of surface
in the whole Union contains
such variety of soil, forest and fruit
trees, crops and stock, and equal
opportunity for profitable industrial
enterprises.
"Old as she is, compared with other
States, Ohio still has nearly
3,000,000 acres of timber-land, and
among the trees growing thereon
can be found the oak, hickory, beech,
poplar, sycamore, ash, chestnut,
cedar, elm and walnut, all sound and
useful, and besides, not to more
than mention them, the dogwood, whose
blossoms warn the farmer that
corn planting time has come, and the
buckeye whose trunk made good
sugar-water troughs and a cradle for the
baby in the early days, and
whose nuts furnished the nickname for
our State.
"Of fruits there are raised all
kinds, except such as grow only
in tropical climates, and if we have
many summers like the present I
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 135
would not be surprised to see
plantations of bananas, oranges and cocoa-
nuts growing there. In the year 1899,
there were 315,486 acres of apple
trees yielding 11,077,213 bushels;
30,309 acres of peach trees yielding
146,636 bushels, and 3,178 acres of pear
trees yielding 73,236 bushels.
In all, 348,973 acres of apple, peach
and pear orchards yielding in the
aggregate 11,297,083 bushels of fruit, and
1899 was a bad year, too.
There are not included in the official
record the number of acres or the
yield of plums, apricots, cherries and
quinces. By the way, and I came
near overlooking them, there are grapes
growing in Ohio-all kinds.
In 1899 there were 13,629 acres of
vineyards, which produced 31,127,743
pounds of this luscious fruit, out of
which 489,060 gallons of wine were
pressed and the balance were consumed by
us, the small boy, the birds
and bees and yellow jackets.
"Compared to the sweeping and
far-reaching prairies and plains
of the distant West, Ohio can not be
called a distinctly farming district,
yet in 1899 out of her 19,471,926 acres
owned and taxed, 10,239,866
acres were under cultivation, and
5,849,010 acres in pasture, and the
balance was forest and other land. Upon
that acreage which was devoted
to farming and pasture, there were owned
in stock and produced in
crops in that year 551,923 horses;
1,253,945 head of cattle and milk
cows; 1,339,113 hogs, and 2,176,716 head
of sheep, from which were
clipped 13,017,052 pounds of good wool.
"There were harvested 41,469,703
bushels of wheat; 185,710 bush-
els of rye; 173,206 bushels of
buckwheat; 33,296,912 bushels of oats;
751,633 bushels of barley; 1,972,059
tons of hay and 749,225 tons of
clover; and there were dug 9,203,633
bushels of Irish potatoes, and
husked 111,159,200 bushels of corn.
There were gathered 94,013 bushels
of sweet potatoes; 669,475 pounds of
broom corn (we sweep a good deal),
and 861,809 bushels of odoriferous
onions. Of sweets there were not
a few, for there were yielded 250,245
gallons of sorghum molasses:
983,667 gallons of maple syrup, and the
busy bees gave us 1,052,616
pounds of honey.
"But these are not all that came
from our farms that year, and it
was not a highly productive year,
either. The dairies gave us for the
market 40,590,560 gallons of milk;
5,861,896 pounds of butter and
15,293,536 pounds of cheese. How many
pounds of butter and cheese
and how many gallons of milk were
consumed at home, there is no
method of ascertaining.
"The poultry yards that year
presented and had officially recorded
60,376,116 dozen of eggs, and, no doubt,
as many dozen escaped the
eye of the statistician. These
statements when assembled challenge for a
moment our credulity and stagger the
comprehension, but they are true;
and all is not told, because, no doubt,
many of the products of the
farm have never been reported.
136 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
"Great as are the agricultural and
farming interests in Ohio, when
the soil so used is appraised for
taxation at $599,678,045, there should
be added for our consideration before we
can have an accurate notion of
what the worth of her ground is, the
valuation of lots and lands lying
within towns and cities. Such lots and
lands are appraised for taxation
at $674,526,676. And do not forget that
real estate, as a rule, is
appraised for taxation at but 60 per
cent. of its true value. Therefore,
it is fair to assume that the total
value of real estate in Ohio in 1900 was
$2,125,672,860. Thus it is seen that
mother earth, from whose bosom
we came and to whose eternal embrace we
must return, has been won-
drously generous to us and to our
neighbors. She is man's best and
most steadfast friend. Let us not abuse
or neglect her. Let us cherish
and nourish her virtues, so that
everywhere within our borders she shall
wear a golden crown and be clothed in
the richest and fruitfullest raiment.
"I trust that figures have not
become tiresome. Before we can
comprehend the material wealth of our
State it is necessary to consider
them; and to them already given must be
annexed a few more, and I
crave your indulgence.
"One of the most important factors
in the wealth of a nation or of
a state is the employment of labor. The
larger portion of the male popu-
lation of a district is devoted to
manual toil. The 'hewers of wood and
carriers of water' constitute, probably,
four-fifths of that population,
counting all departments; and it is
absolutely essential to the welfare of
the state that these men be engaged in
fairly and justly remunerative
work, because when labor is prosperous
and contented then, and only
then, all is well. It is to be regretted
thatwe have no law compelling
manufacturers to report to the several
executive departments of the
government the number of persons
employed, their wages, and the
amount of capital invested in their
enterprises, together with the pro-
ducts thereof. The statistics at hand
for 1900 are such as have been
derived from voluntary reports and by
such inspection as our officials
had the time to make. In the year 1899
there were inspected 3,782 shops
and factories, and the factories and
shops reporting to the Commissioner
of Labor Statistics were 2,362,
employing 149,388 persons, to whom
were paid $67,555,815.29 in wages. The
amount invested in these estab-
lishments was $256,453,091, and the
value of the goods manufactured
$305,061,085. The steel industries
reporting to the same department
were 71, with a capitalization of
$17,895,472, employing 21,314 hands,
paying them $12,673,188 in wages and
producing $72,708,924 in goods.
This report seems meagre, indeed, when
we realize that the chattel
wealth of the State exceeds one billion
of dollars, and that in iron alone
there were blasted and sold on the
market in one year 13,620,700 tons
of pig iron.
"The coal business cuts an
important figure. Of the 88 counties
in the State, 30 are coal producing. In
1899 there were 1,113 mines
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 137
operated; 28,028 persons employed, price
of mining 66 cents per ton,
and 15,908,934 tons of coal were dug
from the mines and sold on the
market. There is but one other State in
the Union that can equal this
showing.
"Railroading demands notice.
Railroads are the great developers
and civilizers. They open the country
and carry prosperity and educa-
tion along with passengers and freight.
Show me a State with but few
railroads and I will show you one where
the people are ignorant and
lazy, and where the thistle and the
briar reign undisturbed. But show
me a State with many such roads and I
will show you one where the
people are intelligent and thrifty and
where the land yields its utmost.
"In the year 1900 there were 87
companies operating steam rail-
roads in the State of Ohio, with 13,254
miles of track therein; with
$306,904,600 of capital stock, paying
for that year $6,367,746.04 in
dividends, using equipment costing
$573,674,616.86, earning for their
shareholders $86,049,117.88, employing
67,834 persons, distributing in
salaries and wages $37,190,857, and
carrying 27,364,106 passengers and
123,639,177 tons of freight, and turned
into the public treasury $2,187,232
by way of taxes on property, and
$383,218 more by way of exactions for
the mere privilege of doing business
therein. All in the State of Ohio
and all in one year.
"Within the last few years a 'new
Richmond' has entered the field.
It is the interurban railroad, operated
by electricity. In every direction
these lines are reaching out and binding
the country with the town, and
town with town, in quick communication.
How many miles there are
already constructed I can not tell, because
such companies are not yet
under the supervision of the
Commissioner of Railroads, but the record
shows that 33 new companies were
organized last year with capital aggre-
gating $10,352,000, and more are to
follow.
"Banking has an important place. In
the year just named we had
259 National banks, with total assets of
$62,128,039, and State banks
and Savings societies, with valuation
for taxation amounting to
$18,558,494. And it is fair to assume,
although there is no way of
finding out exactly, that the deposits
in these various banks and private
banks not reported, amounted to a
billion dollars.
"So much for the material wealth of
Ohio. That wealth which has
form, substance, weight and lasting
qualities, but with all these she
would be 'poor as winter' if there was
not something besides. That some-
thing can be supplied from social, moral
and mental conditions. It
requires the educated mind, good morals
and pure social qualities to
get the best out of material things.
Have the people of Ohio such minds,
morals and social qualities? 'By their
fruits ye shall judge them" "In
the year 1900 there were organized 317
benevolent and other social cor-
porations, and 98 churches, and 22
colleges and libraries. It can not be
138 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
ascertained with exactness how many
churches, schools and libraries
there are in Ohio, but they are on every
hand. We have four universi-
ties sustained by the public funds, and
there must be more than 20 pri-
vate colleges. The school-houses are
always in sight, and the State
appropriated $1,764,939 last year for
their support, and there is not a
boy or a girl in all Ohio under 16 years
of age who is not compelled by
law to go to school, and none so poor
that he or she can not have books
and other necessaries, because the State
will furnish them when there is
any need.
' 'Thereby abideth faith, hope and
charity, but the greatest of
these is charity.' No State is kinder to
or more thoughtful of her unfor-
tunates and afflicted than Ohio is. She
has seven hospitals where the
sick in mind find care and comfort, and
last year she gave $1,504,000
for their support. The deaf mutes, who
can not voice their gratitude
nor hear the laughter of their
playmates, are not left in ignorance; nor
are the blind from whose minds the
glorious shapes and colorings of
the earth are shut out, suffered to
remain in total darkness, for Ohio has
erected a noble institution of learning
for each of them and appropriated
last year for the support of the former
$145,000 and to the latter $85,000,
"To him who bore the heat of battle
in his country's cause and is
now old and infirm, his State extends a
generous hand and leads him
to a beautiful Soldiers' Home at
Sandusky, where with his old com-
rades in arms he can pass his closing
days in comfort and in honor.
"Nor are the orphans of such men
forgotten, because at Xenia
there has been established a large,
comfortable and even magnificent
home for the orphans of soldiers and
sailors. Besides these, there are
57 children's homes supported by
taxation, and in every county and in
every city there may be found hospitals,
nurseries, homes and retreats
for the infirm and the tender. Glorious
State, none is more charitable
to and thoughtful of her unhappy ones.
"But these mentioned are not all.
There are other sources from
which she draws her greatness. Ohio was
organized as a State on the
29th day of November, 1802. She then had
a population of 45,365, as
determined by the census of 1800. By the
last census this population
had grown to 4,157,545, which is a
million more than inhabited all the
colonies when they struck for freedom.
This population, mighty as it
is, is tranquil, peaceful, and
law-abiding. This condition rests upon the
deep, underlying and all-pervading
spirit of patriotism. The love of
country- divine--eternal - which
engenders respect for and obedi-
ence to law and public order. It glowed
in the embers upon the first
settler's hearth; it was heard in the
ring of the ax as the pioneer sunk
it deep in the trunk of the shuddering
oak; in the song he sang as he
thrust the plowshare into the teeming
earth; in the stories he told when
night shut down, and with his children
they sat in the cabin and read
Ohio Day at Pan-American Exposition. 139
each other's faces by the light of the
flickering knot; and from him,
fastening itself with unyielding hold
upon each generation, through all
the intervening years with their
vicissitudes, trials and tests, untarnished
and undiminished and only stronger,
purer and sweeter, this spirit of
patriotism has come to us and is with us
this day.
"Ohio has sent her sons to every
battlefield where the liberty of
men or the relief of the oppressed was
at issue. In the great Civil War
where liberty and the Union were at
stake, she sent 310,654 volunteers
to the front. These brave sons were at
Gettysburg, Vicksburg, the
March to the Sea, at Nashville, at Chattanooga
and at every spot where
the stars and stripes fluttered and the
cannon thundered. And under
countless heaps of earth, all over the
land of the South, by the side of
the weaving pine, beneath the mountain's
frowning top, at the riffled
brook, by the lily-covered pond, they
are sleeping on and on, waiting for
the final trump which shall marshal them
for the Grand Review before
the Throne on High.
"What State in that mighty struggle
equalled her in the commanders
furnished? Grant, Sherman, Sheridan,
McPherson and the McCooks!
Where can their peers be found? The very
sounding of their names
starts the war spirit and urges us to
victorious combat. Their fame will
live as long as men inhabit the earth,
and their praises will be spoken
wherever tongues articulate.
"In the late War with Spain, where
the relief of the oppressed was
all we sought, Ohio paid her full share.
Ten regiments marched forth
from the farm, the shop, the store and
the office. Some were at Porto
Rico, some at Santiago, and the others
chafing under the restraints of
the camp were all anxious to fire a
shot. The first fully equipped and
ready for battle volunteer regiment in
the United States to reach the
camp of mobilization was the First Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, which
pitched its tents at Chickamauga.
"Not in war alone has Ohio acquired
fame and honor. Her sons
have left their deep impress in all the
higher walks; in oratory, states-
manship, finance, at the bar, in the
pulpit, and in art and letters. Who
could surpass the versatile Corwin, the
scholarly and magnetic Garfield,
the rugged and convincing Wade, the
edifying and classical Cox, when
listening thousands, rapt and eager,
broke into echoing applause?
Whence came wiser statesman than
Harrison, Hayes, Stanton and
Brough; greater financiers than Chase,
Sherman, and the Rockefellers;
greater lawyers than Peter Hitchcock,
the elder Ewing, Rufus P. Ran-
ney, Matthews, Swayne and Waite, and
greater preachers than Ames
and Simpson? In the presidential chair
Ohio has placed the two Harri-
sons, Grant, Hayes, Garfield and
McKinley; in the cabinet, Meigs,
McLean, Corwin, Stanberry, Ewing, Taft,
Dennison, Stanton, Chase,
Sherman, Foster, Day, Hay, Delano and
Cox; on the Supreme bench of
140 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
the United States, Chief Justices Chase
and Waite, and Associate Jus-
tices Swayne and Matthews -
distinguished all. To art she gave Powers
and his chisel, and to letters, Howell
and Reid.
"To-day her sons are dwelling in
every clime and every State and
territory in the Nation, sent thither to
expend the strength and utilize
the genius drawn from their native soil,
and they are doing it. Go
where you may-no matter how remote the
spot-there you will find
the Ohio man and find him counting for
something. In the Senate of the
United States and in the House of
Representatives her sons are found
speaking for other and younger States;
in State offices throughout the
West, North and Southwest, Ohio "boys"
are filling places of the highest
responsibility, doing honor to
themselves and to their native State.
Way over in the Philippines, in our new
possessions, with thousands of
leagues on sea and land between him and
his home, Ohio's noble son
was, on the 125th anniversary of the
Declaratoin of American Independ-
ence, inaugurated as first civil
governor of the Archipelago. There in
the Orient, among the oppressed and the
ignorant, amid the gloom of
four hundred years of unrelenting
tyranny, the torch of enlightenment,
civilization and liberty was raised by
the strong, kind and just hand of
William H. Taft, to go down in darkness
no more forever.
"To the highest legislative body in
the Union now, as in the past,
we make contribution to the ablest, most
prominent and most effective
of its membership, from both the leading
parties. And with all these,
ample in his strength, whose every
artery is filled with romping blood
and every fibre thrilling with vitality;
in the noonday of his accom-
plished manhood, trained and well
poised, Ohio has given to our coun-
try and to the world, one of the three
greatest of all presidents, that
profound statesman, superb soldier and
gentle Christian, William
McKinley.
"I have stated some but not all the
reasons for Ohio's greatness.
It may be proper to add that her
financial integrity has never been ques-
tioned from the days of
"wildcat" banking to the gold standard, and her
credit is so good that she can borrow
all the money needed at 3 per cent.
Her total State debt is but $450,000,
bearing that rate of interest. More
than half of this will be paid next
year, and the balance one year later.
So that by this day in 1903 Ohio will
not owe one cent. It is fair to
mention another thing. Critics and
reviewers say that all Ohio men are
politicians, and say, besides, that
politicians are dishonest. They may
be half right. We may be all
politicians, but the truth is that while
our State officials receive smaller
salaries than are paid in States not
so large or so rich, but one breath of
scandal or formal charge of crime
against State officials has ever stained
her record in all her life. They
are, have been, and will be honest.
"And now the tale is told, and
poorly told. More and better things
could be said and better said. The field
is a fruitful one and large.
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 141
More than a century of civilization and
nearly a hundred years of state-
hood make a long stretch of time and
offer unaccounted opportunities
for growth and development, and these
have not been neglected. 'Tis
a mighty transition from the cabin of
the pioneer to the mansion of
the day; and this evolution hath been
wrought slowly, steadily, and
securely. The mind leaps the intervening
years since the smoke of the
lonely fire curled through the gloomy
forest and pauses to contemplate the
wondrous work of time and its
generations of men. We proudly pon-
der over what has been accomplished and
from the noble fabrics now
erected catch hope and inspiration. Let
us go on waxing stronger, richer,
and better; and here and now dedicate
our lives and aspirations to the
purpose of filling the years to come
with achievements still greater than
those which glorify the present."
SENATOR MARCUS A. HANNA.
Senator Marcus A. Hanna was the last
speaker and he re-
ceived an ovation. The plaudits that
greeted him surpassed the
welcome accorded any other figure of the
day. The genial and
good-natured Senator was in "fine
feather" and entered most
heartily into the spirit of the
occasion. His beaming features ex-
panded in a merry smile as he waited for
an opportunity to be
heard. He spoke "off-hand" in
his characteristic terse and force-
ful manner.
"I presume I would please this
audience," said Senator Hanna,
"after Mr. Tompkins's lengthy and
able speech, by simply adding bully
for Ohio and let it go at that.
(Laughter.) I want to say a word about
this exposition and its practical
results, however, even at the expense of
your patience. On behalf of all Ohio, I want
to thank the President of
the Pan-American Exposition Company, the
Mayor of Buffalo, the citi-
zens who conceived the idea, and the
Board of Directors who carried
it out, for making the exposition a
success. I was here at the ceremo-
nies on Dedication Day. When I returned
to Cleveland, it having been
advertised that I was here, I was asked
what I thought of the exposi-
tion. Well, I had been here only one
day-only one day, remember-
and I replied that you had a very nice
Midway. (Laughter and cheers.)
"My text to-day is 'The Commercial
Relations of the American
Continent,' and we must not lose sight
of the important, in contempla-
tion of the purely pleasureable. We must
not lose sight of the business
side of the exposition, while 'flying
the goose.' Coming at a time when
the commercial interests of the American
people are becoming awakened
to the needs of the hour, coming at a
time when the United States has
first taken its place in the front rank
of commercial supremacy, the Pan-
142 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
American Exposition is destined to do
much good. At this time, the
United States, the big brother, stands
ready and willing to give its foster-
ing care to its sister republics in the
South and Central Americas, and
all that is needed to result in a
growing trade between them is some point
of contact."
Senator Hanna referred to the fact that
the producing capac-
ity of the United States has exceeded
the capacity of the country
to consume its own product. The country
must look for new
markets. The country has neglected its
opportunity in the West-
ern Hemisphere. This is the chance. This
exposition gives the
United States an opportunity to improve its
relations with South
America. At the exposition, this country
meets South America
as business men on change.
Senator Hanna quoted figures to show
that during the last
decade relations with South America,
instead of increasing, had
gone back. Why? For the want of contact.
"You can't do business with a
country 100 miles away unless you
can establish some point of contact. To
transact business, you must
have means of communication. Under
present conditions, and I am
not advocating a merchant marine for
political reasons, our goods must
be shipped to South America on foreign
bottoms, going first to Europe
and from there carried to the point of
destination on some regular line
of steamships.
"At this Pan American Exposition we
should say to our friends
from South America, join with us in the
establishing of regular steam-
ship lines between our ports and yours,
join with us in the establishment
of regular ports of entry, join with us
in the establishment of banks for
exchange where credit can be given so
that we will have the ambition
to trade with you and good will come to
us both. We should ask our-
selves whether it is fair to neglect
this opportunity to trade with South
America. We consume what they raise.
There is a ready market there
for our goods. What we need is the
machinery of trade that I have
referred to. Whenever we have the
contact, we have been able to secure
the trade. (Applause.) You can no more
stay the commercial progress
of the United States than you can stem
the current of the mighty Niagara,
flowing past your doors. Let this
Pan-American Exposition mark the
beginning of the movement when the
people of the United States shall
see to it that nothing shall stand
between the strengthening of relations,
political, social, commercial and
friendly, between the United States
and the South American countries."
Ohio Day at Pan-American Exposition. 143
Prolonged applause followed the close of
the Senator's stir-
ring and patriotic address.
OTHER FESTIVITIES.
The distinguished guests of the Ohio
party were tendered a
luncheon at the Stadium, after the
services in the Temple of
Music. There were present at the table,
Governor George K.
Nash; Senator M. A. Hanna; Hon. John G.
Milburn, President
of the Pan-American Exposition; Hon.
William I. Buchanan,
Director-General of the Exposition; Hon.
Daniel J. Ryan, Ex-
Secretary of State; Hon. W. S. McKinnon,
Chairman Ohio Pan-
American Commissioners, and Mrs. W. S.
McKinnon; C. L.
Swain, Secretary Ohio Commission, and
Mrs. C. L. Swain; Hon.
S. L. Patterson, member Ohio Commission;
Hon. John A.
Shauck, Supreme Court of Ohio and Miss
Helen Shauck; Hon.
Frank H. Baird, Director Pan-American
Exposition; Col. C.
Barton Adams, Assistant Adjutant General
(Ohio); General
Edmund G. Brush, Surgeon General;
Colonels Charles A. Craig-
head, William H. Morgan, Jerome S.
Burrows, Melville M. Gil-
lette, Aides-de-Camp on the Governor's
staff; Captain William
Winder, U. S. Navy; Lieut.-Com. William
E. Wirt. Lieut. Arthur
Devale, Lieut. Frank R. Seman, and Ensigns
Nelson H. Young
and George F. Glass, Ohio Naval Reserve;
Lieut. Col. Charles C.
Weybrecht, Majors Ammon B. Critchfield,
Frederick S. Marquis
and Frank C. Lee and Capt. Frank C.
Gerlach of the 8th O. V. I.;
Hon. L. C. Laylin, Secretary of State
and Mrs. Laylin; Hon.
Emmett Tompkins, Congressman, 12th Ohio
District; Hon. C.
W. Dick, Congressman, 20th Ohio
District; Hon. John
Eisenmann, Architect Ohio Building; Hon.
A. I. Voris, State
Insurance Commissioner; Miss Georgia
Hopley and Mrs. Andrew
Squires, Ohio Lady Commissioners to the
Exposition; Mrs.
Genevra Johnston-Bishop; Judge U. L.
Marvin; Mr. Amor
Sharp; Mr. Andrew Squires; John H.
Scatcherd; Mr. H. M.
Shellhamer; Hon. E. O. Randall,
Secretary State Archaeological
and Historical Society and others.
There were no formal speeches but
"after the Walnuts and
the Wine" Senator Patterson arose
and in a few fitting words in
144 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
behalf of the Ohio Commission presented Governor Nash, as a souvenir of the occasion, a beautiful silk flag of the State of Ohio. |
|
Mr. C. L. Swain, on behalf of the Ohio Commission, made a similar presentation to Mr. Milburn, President of the Ex- position. This flag was designed by Mr. John Eisenmann, architect of the Ohio Building, and was adopted by the Ohio Commission. It is proposed to ask the forthcoming legislature to ap- prove it as the flag of the State. The triangles formed by the main lines of the flag represent the hills and valleys as typified in the state seal and the stripes the roads and waterways. |
The stars, indicating the 13 original states of the Union, are grouped about the circle which represents the original northwest territory and that Ohio was the seventeenth state admitted into the Union is shown by adding four more stars. The white circle with its red center not only represents the initial letter of |
|
Ohio, but is suggestive of its being the "Buckeye State." The proportions and symmetry of the flag are such that it may be shown in any position without affecting its symbolism. At 7 P. M., Governor Nash, Senator Hanna, Director General Buchanan and a number of gentlemen in the Ohio party, includ- |
Ohio Day at Pan-American Exposition. 145
ing the Ohio Pan-American Commissioners,
were the guests of
Hon. Frank H. Baird at dinner at the
Tower Restaurant. At
the same hour in the Ohio
Building were held reunions by the
Kenyon College graduates on the grounds
and by the alumni of
Ohio Wesleyan University. Following the
dinner at the Tower,
Governor Nash and escort witnessed the
dress parade by the
"President's Own" regiment and
later the electrical illumina-
tion from the esplanada. The party then
returned to the Ohio
Building where they enjoyed the
elaborate fire works display,
also making a short visit to the Park
Lake front while the pyro-
technic display was in progress. At 9.30
was held a general re-
ception at the Ohio Building, at which
the Commissioners acted
as hosts and mesdames McKinnon and Swain
and Miss Georgia
Hopley as hostesses. A large number of
Ohio people were pres-
ent, including not only the
distinguished Ohioans, but also many
of the foreign Pan-American
Commissioners. It was the most
successful social function that has thus
far been held at the Ex-
position. Certainly Ohio was handsomely
treated at the Pan-
American and no less certainly did Ohio
make a favorable im-
pression upon the splendid Exposition.
Vol. X-10
Ohio Day at Pan-American Exposition. 123
OHIO DAY AT PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION.
JULY 18, 1901: Never was the "Rainbow City" more radiant, attractive or active than on "Ohio Day," July 18, 1901, when thousands of Buckeyes made pilgrimage from their native state to Buffalo and proudly participated in the ceremonies and festivities of the formal dedication of the Ohio Building.
OHIO BUILDING. The Ohio Building, one of the finest and most admired state edifices on the ground, naturally was the center of life, apart |
|
from the hours of the exercises in the Temple of Music. The architect is Mr. John Eisenmann of Cleveland, Ohio. It is pure white and stands out conspicuously among all state and foreign buildings. It is 100 by 80 feet in extent, with a 20 foot colonade |