Ohio History Journal

OHIO

Archaeological and Historical

SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS

 

OHIO'S MONUMENT TO GENERAL ANTHONY

WAYNE UNVEILED

ADDRESS OF HONORABLE JAMES W. GOOD, SECRETARY OF

WAR, IN HOTEL COMMODORE OLIVER HAZARD

PERRY, TOLEDO, OHIO, SEPTEMBER              14, 1929.

[In introducing the Secretary of War, Toastmaster Mr. Grove Patter-

son spoke as follows:

"Now, ladies and gentlemen, I am sure that I speak for the Ohio State

Archaeological and Historical Society, under the auspices of which this

monument was constructed, and these exercises and this banquet have been

prepared, when I say that the officers and members of that society, are glad

to have this spirit of patriotism from the Sons of the American Revolution

as expressed by the President of the Anthony Wayne Chapter.

I want at this juncture to express the appreciation of all the members

of the society for the number of women who have come to this banquet. It

always helps the toastmaster to have this kind of an audience, though I am

reminded at the moment of what Dusty Miller said about wives at the

Rotary Club, last Monday. He said a wife is a person who has just seen

a good place to park a little way back. (Laughter.)

But be that as it may, we are glad there are so many wives and others

here on this occasion. As I said a moment ago we have a feeling of secu-

rity when our public officials are willing to carry on and do things that

really mark some sort of human progress. I am sure that sense of security

is very much enlarged when we find the President of the United States

calling in to his official family, men who are not in any sense office seekers

and who, in their exalted position, are by natural heritage and by attain-

ments, men of statesman-like proportions.

I think we in Toledo, the home of a member of the President's official

family, the Postmaster-General, feel a sort of a chumminess and a sense of

comfort and friendliness that we would not otherwise feel in quite so great

a measure in welcoming another member of the President's family.

The exploits of General Wayne were the exploits of war and it seems

to me that it is fitting that those exploits should be celebrated by one who

stands at the head of the war department of the national government. I am

sure that we at this banquet are peculiarly fortunate and that the whole city

of Toledo is distinctly honored in that we are privileged to entertain on this

occasion the Secretary of War, and one who, as most of you know, partici-

(3)

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4        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

pated in the recent triumphant campaign of the President, and now sits at the

council table of Mr. Hoover.

I am happy indeed to introduce as the principal speaker of this evening

the Hon. James W. Good, the Secretary of War." (Applause).]

ADDRESS OF SECRETARY OF WAR JAMES W. GOOD

Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen:      I am

happy to be here on this occasion, first because I am

complying with the wish of your distinguished fellow

townsmen and my very good friend, Walter Brown,

(applause), and second, I am happy to be present and

have a part in the exercises which have a significance

more than local, more than state-wide, even nation-wide.

In all history there is no more heroic or inspiring

chapter than that which records the conquest of this

continent from savagery for civilization. It began with

the great migrations of the seventeenth and eighteenth

centuries which settled the Atlantic seaboard. It con-

tinued in the westward movements of American popula-

tion in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In a

short space of time, as the history of humankind is

measured, it has transformed a vast wilderness, inhab-

ited by savage beasts and little less savage men, into a

seat of civilization which is the marvel of the world, the

happy abode of increasing millions, whose standard of

living, whose progress and aspirations touch the high-

water mark of advancement for the masses of men.

As we look about us and see these modern monu-

ments of progress, these fruitful fields and busy cities,

these miracles of construction, of transportation, and

inter-communication, these schools and churches and all

the institutions which stand for human betterment, it is

well for us to remember that this tremendous task has

been accomplished at no small toil and sacrifice by the

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  5

men who have gone before. We are the inheritors of

the brave and laborious deeds of our forebears, who in

their frail ships crossed the Atlantic to plant outposts

of civilization in the New World, and who, mile by mile,

fought their way across this continent, conquering the

forests, the swamp, the mountain and the arid plains,

the wild beast and the savage, facing disease and hunger

and death, that we might enjoy the heritage of their de-

votion and valor.

It is well that on occasions like this we should recall

the debt we owe to the pioneer fathers, whose enduring

monument is our civilization itself. For in the thought

of our debt to them we may gain some realization of the

measure of our reciprocal obligations to the future. We

cannot honorably accept this heritage without some

thought of what we shall bequeath to the generations

that shall come after us. If we do not bring to the duties

of the present, some of that spirit, some of those noble

qualities which have made it possible for us to enjoy the

privileges and opportunities so dearly won for us, then

we are unworthy sons of worthy sires.

We have come together tonight in obedience to one

of our finer instincts--a natural impulse in the heart

of a people which prompts them to consecrate battle-

fields that drank the blood of their fathers, and to erect

monuments to the memory and honor of their distin-

guished benefactors and defenders. This instinct

arouses veneration for great leaders in thought and in

action. It moved the old Greeks of two thousand years

and more ago to reserve for their military heroes and

great philosophers the most prominent seats in the thea-

ters, and today it reserves in the playhouse of the world's

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6        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

activities seats of honor for the unselfish servants who

devote their talents and consecrate their lives to further

the material prosperity, the spiritual development, and

the happiness of their fellow-men.

Here today the great State of Ohio honored the man

who assured her independence and made certain her ul-

timate destiny as one of the greatest of our common-

wealths.

In paying tribute to Wayne today you paid honor to

the second soldier, and the first fighter, of the Revolu-

tion. (Applause.) The second soldier because, after

Washington, he was our greatest military leader, giving

the most unswerving loyalty to our cause and bringing

his genius to the service in almost every hard-fought

battle from Canada in the North to Florida in the South.

He was the first fighter of the Revolution, loving

battle as the eagle loves the sun, impetuous in action,

quick in conception, prompt in execution, and withal,

most careful in preparation and unfailing in resource.

He performed the most striking exploit of the war: the

storming of Stony Point at midnight, leading a mad

charge into the hot mouths of cannon loaded with death,

inspiring Washington to pit his rude battalions against

British Grenadiers at Monmouth, he was instrumental

in destroying the charm of invincibility that till then

had always attended the British regulars.

In paying honor to men like Anthony Wayne we pay

tribute to those qualities of fortitude, of loyalty, of in-

tegrity, of vision which alone in this generation and in

generations to come, can preserve and advance the re-

public. If our nation is to endure in the fulfillment of

its high mission of service to humanity, these virtues

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  7

must be emulated by the millions who throng the

mighty western empire Wayne's valor won for order

and for freedom.

Here was the last act in the colorful drama of the

American Revolution. Here, as the guns of Wayne's

soldiers volleyed, and his Legions rushed through the

forests with shouts of victory, vanished the dreams of

Indian, of Spanish, of French, and of British empire in

the great Western Territory, now the very heart of the

United States. Alone among the great commanders of

the Revolution, it was the destiny of Anthony Wayne

to draw his sword at the very dawn of the Revolution

and to sheath it on the field of battle as his eyes beheld

the flag of an alien sovereignty lowered forever on the

soil of this Republic.

One of the chief causes of the American Revolution

was the determination of Great Britain to prevent the

rising power of the colonies from surmounting the Alle-

ghanies. The colonists of Virginia and Pennsylvania

especially were as determined to seek homes for increas-

ing population in the new, rich lands of the West. It

was the desire of the British Government that this vast

area should remain in the hands of the Indian tribes, as

a barrier to the expansion of colonies which had given

many evidences of a spirit of independence. It was

doubtless believed the continuance of this border danger

would exercise a limiting influence on the aspiration to

separate nationality. Migration into this area was

finally forbidden, and this was looked upon by the col-

onists as an unreasonable and tyrannical restriction.

The American Revolution did not come about from

causes to which it is usually ascribed, but because the

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8        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

moment for American nationality had arrived, and

Destiny demanded an outlet for the spirit of a virile

people incapable of being assigned to a colonial condi-

tion, or shut out by mountain ranges from this Promised

Land beyond the Ohio.

We celebrate this year the one hundred and fiftieth

anniversary of the conquest of the Northwest by the

gallant General George Rogers Clark, bearing the com-

mission of Governor Patrick Henry of Virginia. His

expedition, ending in the capture of Fort Sackville on

the Wabash, ranks among the foremost military ex-

ploits of history. Leading a small band of frontiers-

men, he floated down the Ohio, struck across country to

Kaskaskia, capturing the British fort at that point. By

shrewd diplomacy he won the confidence and support of

the French natives and secured the neutrality of the

Indians in Illinois. In the fierce cold of February he

struck across the flooded prairies and swollen rivers of

Illinois to Vincennes. There the remorseless fire of his

riflemen secured the surrender of a strong fort, de-

fended by cannon and by a superior force of the best

troops of Europe. It was upon this battle, small in itself

but in its consequences one of the great decisive engage-

ments of our history, that the American claim to the

Northwest Territory chiefly rested when the treaty of

peace was signed between Great Britain and the United

States. Despite this cession this area remained a center

of British occupation and intrigue. Five forts, includ-

ing two in this area, floated the British flag, and the

Indians were incited by British traders and officers to

resist American occupation. As a result the Indian tribes

stubbornly clung to the claim of exclusive right to oc-

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  9

cupy the lands west of the Ohio, and by frequent forays

upon scattered white settlements, with cruel massacre of

men, women and children, they sought to keep back the

resistless tide of white migration. And when General

Anthony Wayne was called to the task of establishing

the authority of the young republic in the empire west

of the Ohio, it was only after two disastrous American

defeats had made the task seem almost impossible.

The correspondence of General Wayne reveals the

neglect of the Continental Army even during the darkest

days of the Revolution. Many of his letters, addressed

to the civil authorities of his state of Pennsylvania, re-

vealed the sad plight into which the armies of Washing-

ton fell through failure to provide for their necessities.

We are all familiar with the story of Valley Forge,

where hundreds of soldiers died from insufficient food

and clothing. Following the achievement of independ-

ence, and even after the establishment of the Constitu-

tion and the inauguration of Washington as President,

the Army was almost totally neglected. The people of

the young republic feared military power. They dreaded

a standing army even of modest proportions. The So-

ciety of the Cincinnati, the organization of Revolution-

ary officers, was savagely denounced as a conspiracy

against free government. One of Anthony Wayne's

effective letters was written in answer to these charges

of ulterior motives of an association of Revolutionary

comrades-in-arms headed by no less distinguished a pa-

triot than George Washington.

This popular attitude reflected itself in an American

Army incapable even of resisting the Indian, British

and Spanish pretensions to sovereignty over the vast

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10      Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

area west of the Ohio. The inglorious failure of two

expeditions against the Indians who in eight years

slaughtered fifteen hundred settlers, was due not so

much to incapable leadership as to lack of a disciplined

and adequately supported army. General Harmar was

ingloriously beaten by the confederated Indians in a

battle near the present site of Fort Wayne. Even

greater alarm spread in the Northwest Territory and

throughout the colonies when an American army under

General St. Clair was put to flight after great slaughter.

The vast area won by the valor of George Rogers Clark

and confirmed to American possessions by the peace

treaty between Great Britain and the United Colonies,

seemed on the point of being wholly lost to the Republic.

It was then that President Washington turned, as he

had often turned during the trying days of the Revolu-

tion, to the great soldier, the great patriot, whose mem-

ory we honor today, and placed him in command of the

armies of the United States. The history of the Amer-

ican Revolution is glorified by many heroic figures, but

among them all none braver, more picturesque, more in-

spiring may be found than that of Anthony Wayne.

(Applause.) No other officer of the Revolution fought,

as he did, from the snows of Canada to the sands of

Florida. No other was possessed in the same degree as

he was of a daring which stopped at nothing when the

cause of his country was at stake. Master of strategy,

he believed with Caesar and Napoleon that audacity in

attack was half the battle. His daring was not reckless,

but reasoned, strategy. Again and again he had won

victories where lack of confidence and faint-heartedness

would have failed.

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  11

To General Anthony Wayne, as we were told this

afternoon, has been applied the title "Mad Anthony." It

has fixed upon succeeding generations the belief that An-

thony Wayne was a mere dare-devil. Nothing could be

farther from the truth. This name was given him in

the campaign which culminated in the capture of Corn-

wallis, in a spirit of levity, by a drunken soldier who had

been arrested for disorderly conduct on Wayne's order,

and who inquired if Wayne was "mad" when he issued

the order. No reckless act of General Wayne caused a

disaster throughout his long career as an officer. The

massacre of his troops at Paoli was due to no fault on

his part, but to his failure to receive orders. Among the

military advisers of Washington, it is true, he was one

of two or three who counseled fighting when others ad-

vised retreat or inaction.

It was not madness that caused Wayne to advise the

attack at Germantown in which Howe's army so nar-

rowly escaped complete defeat. It was not madness

which caused Wayne to counsel the attack at Monmouth,

which was, as General Lee described it, a great American

victory. More than any other American general, Wayne

believed in the ability of the Continental soldier to cope

with the best soldiery of Europe, and these two attacks,

just before and just after the dark winter at Valley

Forge, were essential in maintaining the morale of the

American army and of the Colonies. It was not mad-

ness which prompted General Wayne to attempt the

scaling of the heights of Stony Point and the capture

of its garrison. Washington assigned him to that per-

ilous task, and he accepted it, with absolute confidence

in the outcome of an undertaking which caused all

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12       Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

America to ring with the praises of Wayne's valor. It

was not madness which caused Wayne, unexpectedly

confronted by a heavily superior force under Cornwallis

on James Island, with a swamp and a narrow causeway

obstructing his retreat and seemingly rendering it hope-

less, to instantly order an attack on the British center

which threw the enemy into a confusion during which

he escaped with his entire force. It was not madness

which caused Wayne to attempt the pacification of

Georgia after eight years of internal strife between

Tories and patriots, with strong British forces garrison-

ing Savannah and Charleston, and formidable allied In-

dian forces harrying the interior. By the use of di-

plomacy and a few swift blows he accomplished the task

assigned to him and marched as a conqueror into the

two chief ports of the colony. Here Wayne had his

first extensive experience with Indian warfare, with

such close conflict that an Indian Chief shot the Gener-

al's horse from under him as Wayne struck the warrior

down with his sword.

In this campaign, as in later years, Anthony Wayne

demonstrated that he was a statesman as well as a sol-

dier. One of his first acts upon reaching Georgia was

to issue a proclamation offering amnesty to all Loyalists

who had remained true to the British crown, thus quel-

ling the civil strife which in Georgia had made it im-

possible to present a common front to the enemy. Upon

his return to civil life in Pennsylvania we find him lead-

ing the contest for the restoration of civil rights to the

Loyalists and religious objectors, constituting more

than one-half of the population of that state, who had

refused or neglected to take the prescribed oath of al-

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  13

legiance during the Revolutionary War. Those who

seek to keep alive the flame of hatred after war is over

are not those who have borne the heat and burden of

battle.

With the fate of the Northwest Territory at stake,

the future of this great empire of the West in doubt,

there strode upon the scene of action this civilian sol-

dier, this farmer, tanner, statesman, warrior, this

patriot whose first thought was never of self, but of the

welfare of his beloved country. Here his last years

were to be glorified by new achievements: here under

the old banner of the Revolution he was to fight vic-

toriously again: here his eyes were to close, along Lake

Erie's shores, on the fair land he had delivered.

It was no mere dare-devil soldier who began at Pitts-

burgh the patient work of restoring order from chaos

in the American army, smarting under inglorious de-

feat. We are told that so unpopular was the profession

of the soldier, so great was the fear of the Indians,

following the massacre of two American armies in the

West, that Wayne was compelled to accept much un-

promising material in his volunteer force. Upon this

new army was conferred the name of United States

Legion. The name may have been suggested by

Wayne's careful study of Caesar's Commentaries: as

Caesar had led his legions into the Transalpine Gaul

against barbarians, so Wayne was to lead his legion

across the Ohio to cope with the savage. The process

of recruiting and drilling was continuous at Legionville,

below Pittsburgh. The force was then transported

down the Ohio to a point near Cincinnati, where con-

stant drilling continued. Thus this great drill-master

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14       Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

fashioned a rabble into an army. His men were en-

couraged by the dispatching of a force to the very spot

where St. Clair had been defeated. There a fort was

built. Wayne marched to the center of the area now

the State of Ohio, where Ft. Greenville was established.

Thus marching through the forest, cutting a trail

through the woods three hundred miles in length, out of

touch with the national capital at one time for some

months, and receiving little from Philadelphia but ad-

monitions of caution lest the very reputation of Wash-

ington's administration be destroyed by another defeat

in the West, we see Anthony Wayne slowly, surely, pa-

tiently, moving on to his triumph, leaving nothing to

chance.

The short engagement at Fallen Timbers was the

culmination of long months of skillful preparation. This

warrior with a reputation for recklessness, was the one

commander charged with the duty of conquering the

West who committed no acts of rashness in his advance

upon a dangerous foe, well armed, choosing a strong

position, known and dreaded for superior skill in forest

fighting. Once Wayne had reached the scene of con-

flict, there was no question as to the result. Flanking

forces were sent to the right and the left of the Indian

line stretching over a front of two miles. His main

force, now inspired with confidence in their commander

and in each other through many months of discipline,

went straight into battle with instructions from Wayne

to root the Indians out from behind the trees with the

bayonet, and shoot them in the back as they ran. These

orders were so literally carried out that the quick flight

of the Indian army, the most dangerous ever sent

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  15

against an American army in all the history of the Re-

public, prevented the flanking forces from ever getting

into action.

It was significant that this great Indian force had

collected around a British fort: that in its ranks were

officers and men from Canada; that its weapons had

been furnished by the British traders whose house

Wayne burned in sight of the fort. And when the com-

mander of the British fort asked for what reason this

American army was so near the walls of his post,

Wayne replied that the answer could be had from the

muskets of his victorious army, and that if this fort had

been in the way during the pursuit, it would not have

been much of an obstacle to his troops. Moreover, he

did not know of the existence of a British post on this

territory of the United States. Here again the caution

of Wayne, rather than rashness, was in evidence. He

avoided a clash with the British force though he believed

it to be illegally on American soil. He had been confi-

dentially advised by General Knox that if the capture

of the British fort was necessary to his operations, he

was at liberty to undertake it. But such capture would

have been an act of war and Wayne avoided it.

Had Wayne failed in the Battle of Fallen Timbers--

had he failed in the treaty council--it is very probable

that the Ohio River would have been the boundary be-

tween the Americans and Great Britain. For, in the

Quebec Act of years before, the British Parliament had

declared the country between the Great Lakes and the

Ohio to be a part of Canada and in spite of subsequent

treaties the British still hoped to hold it. It was the

news that Anthony Wayne had broken the back of the

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16      Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

Indian power west of the Ohio, reaching London as

John Jay was negotiating a treaty with Great Britain,

that was decisive in causing the British government to

agree to withdraw the posts which had been established

south of the Canadian border. And to General Wayne,

after he had been received in triumph in Philadelphia,

President Washington entrusted the agreeable duty of

receiving these forts on behalf of the United States. He

was received with the highest honor and respect by his

Indian foemen and the officers of the British posts. As

this work neared completion he died at Presque Isle, on

the shores of Lake Erie. His service to the Republic

was over: his name was enrolled among the Republic's

Immortals.

It is well that in this great western land, which

Wayne's valor made secure under the shelter of the flag

of Washington, monuments should be reared to this

heroic patriot. His greatest, his most enduring monu-

ment will ever be the vast empire he redeemed. Today

it is the happy home of millions. It is the very axis of

the Republic. For three-quarters of a century the influ-

ence of the Middle-West in national life has been very

great. During the past sixty years the nation has been

half the time under the Presidency of men either born

or resident of this one State of Ohio. It has been pre-

dicted that within another half-century the greatest cen-

ter of population and industry in the world will fill the

area that we call the Middle-West. (Applause.)

If we visualize a map of the United States as it

would have been without the victory at Fallen Timbers,

we see the great states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wis-

consin, Michigan and Minnesota forming the south-

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  17

central portion of Canada,--a Canada reaching deep

down into the very heart of our Mid-West. Such a gi-

gantic wedge driven into the very vitals of our young

nation would have discouraged all westward expansion

and our future history might well have been the story

of a few stunted colonies penned in between the Appa-

lachians and the sea. It was only by the retention of

the Northwest Territory that the Louisiana Purchase

was made possible, followed inevitably by the addition

of Texas and California to the national domain and the

westward march of the most triumphant migration in

all the history of mankind.

In this campaign Anthony Wayne made two con-

quests--one with arms, the other with the no less honor-

able, and perhaps more potent, weapon of peace. The

first is great only because it made way for that which

followed. The second is great because it made full use

of the advantages gained by the first. Without Green-

ville, Fallen Timbers would have been but another

bloody incident in the long struggle between the red man

and the white. Followed, as it was, by the Council at

Greenville, it marks an epoch in the development of a

continent and the vanquishing of a primitive race whose

tents from then on slowly receded before the oncoming

waves of western civilization.

The Pennsylvanians and the Virginians had worked

their way up into the eastern foothills of the last range

of mountains separating them from the interior, and the

pioneer waves were surging in the troughs of the Alle-

ghanies, ready to overflow into the new lands of the

West. The time for the American colonists to attempt

Vol. XXXIX--2.

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18      Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

the Great Mountains in force had been long in coming,

but it had plainly arrived.

Ohio was the first of the Northwestern states to re-

ceive the western migration. The tide of patriotism

which had borne our country to freedom and estab-

lished the Constitution drew to the West many of the

patriots whose fortunes had been maimed or broken by

their sacrifices during the Revolutionary War, and this

pure stream, pouring over the mountains, found its first

basin in Ohio. Through the mountain passes poured

the mighty pioneer flood, to spread over the valley of

the Ohio and lay the foundations of the "Inland Em-

pire."

On they came, men of courage and great vision, to

rear the black loneliness of their solitary cabins against

a wilderness sky and to build numerous forts within

your borders--outposts of an all-conquering civilization

which when once established knew no abandonment or

turning back.

We honor today not the sword of Wayne, but the

brave, devoted heart which directed his stout arm in the

cause of freedom and order and human happiness. This

hero fought not with lust for blood, but because he loved

freedom more than he loved life. He hated force and

bloodshed with such ardor that he would not submit to

the oppression of his countrymen, the thwarting of their

destiny, the destruction of their lives and homes, by

force and bloodshed, and was therefore willing to use

force to repel force rather than permit violence enlisted

in an unjust cause to triumph.

We have faith to believe that with the advancement

of civilization, war will be totally rejected as a means

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  19

of governing the world. So long as force may be in-

voked in behalf of injustice and wrong, so long must

force be ready to meet and crush force when thus em-

ployed; as Washington said, "We must keep ourselves

in a reasonable posture of defense." (Applause.)

After more than one hundred and fifty years of na-

tionality, the sword of Washington and Wayne was

never drawn except in defense of American rights or

human rights and was never sheathed in dishonor. To-

night that sword rests securely in its scabbard. But if

it shall ever be necessary again to draw it, it will only

be drawn in defense of American rights or in defense

of human rights and it will never be sheathed in dis-

honor. (Applause.)

But in peace as well as in war, the perpetuity of this

nation depends upon keeping alive the spirit of Wash-

ington and Wayne in the hearts of American people.

Forgetful of self, rejecting ease and comfort and peace

for the arduous service of the camp and field, these

heroes will ever be an inspiring example to all Ameri-

cans. Let us build monuments to them like this, com-

memorating their valorous deeds; let us build monu-

ments to them in a Republic strong, prosperous and just;

above all, fellow countrymen, let us build shrines to

them in our hearts, upon which shall ever be kept glow-

ing the love of country.

 

BANQUET IN COMMEMORATION OF GENERAL AN-

THONY WAYNE AND THE BATTLE OF

FALLEN TIMBERS

The banquet at the Commodore Perry Hotel, To-

ledo, Ohio, was a fitting climax to the ceremonies inci-

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20        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

dent to the dedication of a monument to General An-

thony Wayne. The principal address by the Secretary

of War, Honorable James W. Good, who brought the

greetings of the President of the United States, was de-

livered in excellent form and listened to with the closest

attention by the large and appreciative audience that

filled to its capacity the spacious banquet hall. The ad-

dresses, as will be seen, were well timed and in keeping

with the dignity of the occasion. They were inter-

spersed with excellent music.

 

AT THE SPEAKER'S TABLE

The guests assigned to the speaker's table were ar-

ranged to the right and left of the Toastmaster as fol-

lows:

RIGHT

15--Nevin O. Winter, Historian.

14--E. F. Wood, Treasurer Ohio State Archaeological and His-

torical Society.

13--A. D. Hosterman, Chairman Revolutionary Memorial Com-

mission.

12--Mrs. W. I. Hadley, Regent Ursula Wolcott Chapter, Daugh-

ters of the American Revolution.

11--Honorable Roy H. Williams, President, Anthony Wayne

Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution.

10--Mrs. W. I. Sawyer, State President, Daughters of 1812.

9--Bruce Wilder Saville, Sculptor, Designer of Wayne Monu-

ment.

8--H. C. Shetrone, Director, Ohio State Archaeological and

Historical Society.

7--James A. Woodburn, President, Indiana Historical Society.

6--Aide to Major General Nolan.

5--Mrs. Fannie Smith Tobey, State Regent, Daughters of the

American Revolution.

4--Loren E. Sauers, Member Executive Committee, National

Society, Sons of the American Revolution.

3--J. M. Walling, Lieutenant Colonel U. S. Army, Aide to Sec-

retary Good.

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Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne      21

 

2--D. E. Nolan, Major General U. S. Army.

1--Honorable James W. Good, Secretary of War.

 

CENTER

Grove Patterson, Toastmaster.

 

LEFT

1--Honorable William T. Jackson, Mayor of Toledo.

2--Lieutenant Colonel Wade Christy, Assistant Adjutant Gen-

eral of Ohio, representing Governor Cooper.

3--H. Ross Ake, Treasurer of State.

4--Walter C. Peters, representing Governor Green of Michigan.

5--W. W. Farnsworth, State Senator.

6--Arthur C. Johnson, President, Ohio State Archaeological and

Historical Society.

7--Mrs. Herbert Backus, Vice-President General, Daughters of

the American Revolution.

8--Mrs. Helen Wolcott Dimick, Secretary, Ohio Society Co-

lonial Dames of America.

9--C. B. Galbreath, Secretary, Ohio State Archaeological and

Historical Society.

10--Charles R. Barefoot, Representing President Fenner, of

Ohio Society, Sons of the American Revolution.

11--Mrs. Frank E. Walters, Vice-Regent, Fort Industry Chap-

ter, Daughters of the American Revolution.

12--Edward S. Bronson, Mayor of Defiance, Ohio.

13--Miss Ethelind Daiber, President Toledo Chapter, U. S.

Daughters of 1812.

14--William Wayne, President Pennsylvania Society of the Or-

der of the Cincinnati.

15--W. J. Sherman, Chairman of Committee of Arrangements.

 

SPEAKING PROGRAM

When the menu had been served Toastmaster Pat-

terson rose and spoke as follows:

Ladies and Gentlemen: I am going to ask you to rise and

drink to the health of the President of the United States.

(All rise and drink to the health of the President of the

United States.)

If you will permit me, and I know that you will gladly, I am

going to violate all of the constitutional prerogatives of toastmas-

ter and not tell any so-called funny stories.

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22        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

I have a vivid, sharp and distinct memory of a time not so

long ago when I served as toastmaster on another occasion in this

same room and a man who followed well down in the program,

known and properly so for his wit, said the toastmaster had

allowed himself to be interrupted just often enough to save the

program. (Laughter.)

So when I came into this room I said to myself: this is going

to be a different kind of performance. I wonder how many of

us are familiar with the poem:

"O beautiful for patriot dream,

That sees beyond the years,

Thine alabaster cities gleam

Undimmed by human tears."

So it seems to me that the beauty of today is the beauty of

dreamers, the beauty of warriors, the beauty of pioneers who

saw beyond the years and we have come together to celebrate the

dream and the vision and the subsequent actuality. Have you

ever stopped to think that if one generation in its indolence and

its indifference should fail to pass on the ordinary knowledge of

the ages, the painfully accumulated experience of the rest,--if

just one generation in its indolence and its indifference should fail

to pass this on, then we would inevitably revert to barbarism.

It seems to me a very fine thing that we illuminate those

places of the earth which mark the spot where pioneers have

beaten a road through the wilderness to a better day.

Not long ago I made an automobile trip through the Valley

of the Shenandoah and through the South. I started down the

National Trail and stopped for a moment at a monument of note,

the monument to General Braddock in Pennsylvania with whom

Washington fought. Then I went across the battlefield of An-

tietam which is splendidly marked. It is a liberal education in

the history of the Civil War--this visit to the Battlefield of

Antietam and through the Shenandoah Valley with a stop at

Cedar Run. I stopped at Charleston, West Virginia, to look up

a little tablet which was buried down in the grass which says,

"Here on September 2nd, 1859, John Brown was hanged."

I looked at the statue of General Lee in Lexington and then

passed Salisbury, North Carolina, which perhaps did not mean

very much to me at the time. Still I am thinking about it. I

realized it was the beginning of the Daniel Boone Trail and the

beginning of the Andrew Jackson career. Both of them started

from that place in North Carolina.

• 20
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne       23

 

Then I came around in the woods of Southern Tennessee to

discover the grave of Mary Waterless, the secretary of President

Jefferson, sent by Jefferson to look into the Louisiana Purchase

to make a personal report to the President, and that grave has

been marked properly by the State of Tennessee. And all the

way through the South and increasingly so through the East and I

am glad to say a little here and there in the Middle-West we are

marking for this generation and the generations to come the places

where men by service and self-sacrifice and by visions and dreams

of pioneers, are building new highways by which this nation and

all the nations of the earth must finally come.

So I think we cannot be engaged in a finer work than in

paying tribute to the heroic exploits of General Anthony Wayne.

As the first part of this program, I am going to read a letter

from Governor Myers Y. Cooper of Ohio.

He says, "Owing to an important previous engagement, made

before the unveiling of the monument to General Anthony Wayne

had been announced for September 14, I find that it will be quite

impossible for me as well as Mrs. Cooper to be in Toledo for the

banquet.

"We should have been greatly pleased to be present upon this

notable occasion and personally greet such distinguished guests as

Secretary of War Good, and others. But, disappointing as it is

to both of us, may I not hope that, in conveying our sincere

regrets, you will see fit to extend our greetings at the banquet

scheduled to be held at the Commodore Perry Hotel and read this

necessarily brief expression of mine on the Battle of Fallen

Timbers.

"The Battle of Fallen Timbers, fought on the banks of the

Maumee on August 20, 1794, marked the last stand of the Indians

against the whites in Ohio during the Post Revolutionary Period.

It was at this spot that General Wayne ('Mad Anthony' Wayne)

marshalled his forces of intrepid, sturdy, weather-beaten men,

moved against the hordes of hidden savages and their white allies,

and came out victor.

"The Indians never fully recovered from Wayne's mad and

ferocious attack, and their spirit was completely broken.

"Had the Indians won on that fateful August day, all the

territory lying within the boundaries of the Alleghanies and the

Ohio and Mississippi Rivers would have been lost to Americans

and claimed by the British as theirs.

"In the Battle of Fallen Timbers Wayne lost only thirty-

three killed and about one hundred wounded. While the toll of

the Indians has never been definitely determined, it is known that

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24        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

their loss was far heavier than that suffered by Wayne's soldiers.

Following the Battle of Fallen Timbers many Indians fled to De-

troit, the British headquarters, and General Wayne departed for

Fort Defiance. He did not live long to enjoy the honor of his

victory, dying two years later.

"One of General Wayne's last acts was to receive from the

British, Fort Miami, which they formally surrendered in 1796

in pursuance to a treaty negotiated by Chief Justice Jay. General

Wayne lived long enough after the Battle of Fallen Timbers for

the Indians to learn to respect him and love him. So pleased were

they, by their treatment at the hands of General Wayne, that each

of the prominent chiefs, following the surrender of Fort Miami,

wanted to see and talk with him.

"General Wayne was a great soldier and a great citizen of

America, and it is most fitting that a monument to his memory

be erected at the scene of the Battle of Fallen Timbers."

The City of Toledo is honored indeed by the presence of

distinguished guests on this occasion and before this meeting is

over I am sure it is going to become quite informal and I am

going to have the pleasure of introducing these distinguished

guests to everyone present.

At this juncture I want to present to you the first speaker on

the regular program.

I think that a sense of security in a community is consciously

or unconsciously created when provided by the truthful fabric

in the character of those citizens who always feel their responsi-

bility to the rest of the community. Nowhere is that fabric of

character worn more becomingly, nowhere is it worn more tri-

umphantly than in our courts, and I am very happy to say that

the Toledo Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution is

fortunate in having as its president a distinguished jurist.  I

count it indeed a pleasure and a privilege to present to you at this

time the Hon. Roy H. Williams, Judge of the Circuit Court of

Appeals, and the President of the Anthony Wayne Chapter of

the Sons of the American Revolution, who will now speak to us.

(Applause.)

 

ADDRESS OF JUDGE ROY H. WILLIAMS

Mr. Chairman, Honored Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen:

I was asked to come down and stand in front of this instru-

ment called, I believe, a microphone. It is hard to imagine, I may

say, that there may be an invisible audience listening to what

• 22
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne       25

your distinguished chairman has said, and what everyone may

say here this evening.

We are living in a mechanized age, an electricized age, and it

is a wonderful age; and it is not out of keeping with our times

that there should be placed on the field where was fought the Battle

of Fallen Timbers, a monument to Anthony Wayne that expresses

the appreciation of the people of Ohio for the efforts of one who

has done well in helping to make and preserve American civiliza-

tion in the Buckeye State.

I suppose I am on this program because I hold an official

position in Anthony Wayne Chapter of Toledo. That is a pa-

triotic organization. I think its purpose is often misunderstood,

but it stands for those principles and those movements and those

objectives which gave expression to what was accomplished in the

Revolution and in the making of the Constitution of the United

States afterwards, and which would preserve America as it is

under that Constitution. There is a need, I believe, for patriotism

of that kind in America, an increasing need. This organization

which I represent stands for the highest ideals of American pa-

triotism.

Now when we think of Anthony Wayne, we think first very

naturally of the American Revolution. What was the American

Revolution? Of course we all know, but I think sometimes, per-

haps, we forget our landmarks. I think that sometimes we are

not mindful of the fact that the American Revolution was the

real beginning of constitutional government in the history of the

world. An important landmark was set when the Battle of Fallen

Timbers was fought near the City of Toledo.

When we think of the Revolution, we ought to have in mind

three characters often forgotten. Of course, we think of George

Washington always, because he was the Revolution, in a sense.

He was the great mind and the great soul around which that

movement for independence and for liberty was built, but he had

many who aided him. There are three names that are often neg-

lected: Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution, who sub-

sequently spent some time in jail for non-payment of his debts;

Thomas Paine, the pamphleteer of the Revolution, without whom,

Washington said, the Revolution could not have been successfully

fought; and Anthony Wayne, the bull dog and fighting spirit of

the Revolution, the man who was always ready to fight and always

ready to fight with fists, with powder and ball or with cold steel.

And, when he went up Stony Point that night at midnight, at the

head of his column, firing there was, but not in his detachment.

As the ascent was made he gave the order to charge with fixed

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26        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

bayonets, and before the top was reached he was wounded. He

immediately cried out: "Carry me on. If the wound is mortal,

I want to die at the head of my column." That was the spirit

of Anthony Wayne. His work at Brandywine and Germantown

was outstanding, and at Monmouth when Lee gave way, he aided

Washington in rallying the American troops, and his strategy at

Yorktown before the surrender of Cornwallis showed his clever-

ness and ability as a soldier. His achievements in these battles

lead to the conclusion that it is very doubtful whether the Revo-

lution could have been successfully fought without the help of

Anthony Wayne.

After the Revolutionary War was over and the Northwest

Territory was created, we received by treaty the territory west of

the thirteen states and east of the Mississippi, and it was neces-

sary to open what was commonly called the Ohio country.  That

was one of Washington's important duties when he took the office

of President. Finally he selected whom? Anthony Wayne--and

the climax of the campaign that followed was the Battle of Fallen

Timbers. What Andrew Jackson was to Florida; what Sam

Houston was to Texas; what George Rogers Clark was to the

Northwest, Anthony Wayne was to the Ohio country. He opened

it up to civilization, and it is well that we honor his memory and

his name with a monument and a piece of sculpture that will stand

through the endless years of time, and should it crumble to dust

the patriotism of the American people and the people of the

Buckeye State will replace it, and see that it stands there con-

tinually honoring his memory.

A people, to a great extent, writes the history of its civiliza-

tion in its art and in its sculpture. This monument is a worthy

piece--a work of genius,--as you recognize. I wonder often if

whether or not, with all our effort to secure co-operation and har-

mony, there may not be a lurking danger. Of course, these

United States were built up through the medium of those two

things. Don't misunderstand me. But I just wonder if we can't

co-operate and harmonize at the expense of principle. There is

hardly any good thing that cannot be overdone, and it seems we

may get from this event and occasion the spirit of Anthony

Wayne. This country will endure so long as we maintain the

spirit of our fathers, and when I say that you know I think, es-

sentially, we ought to believe in America for Americans.

As with most everything that a public speaker may say, one

might be misunderstood. I mean simply this. None of us are

aborigines. The Indians were the aborigines. We all came to

America from across the water. We are still coming. It does

• 24
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne       27

 

not make any difference how lately a man came to America and

took out his citizenship papers and became a citizen of the United

States, provided he has become a typical and worthy American

ancestor and a typical and worthy American.

Our ancestors may have come over in the Mayflower and they

and we may not be patriotic in a true sense. It matters not

where a man is born, or when he came to America to become a

citizen of this country. The test is when he gets here, does he

truly carry on what the fathers began. Does he believe in Amer-

ica for Americans, and if he does, and helps maintain and uphold

and carry on our institutions, and is true to the constitution and

the flag, then he is a good American citizen. In that sense we all

ought to believe, I take it, in America for Americans. We should

not, however, have any sympathy for this propaganda that would

tear down the ideals of the past; uproot the monuments to the

heroes of this nation and tear the pages out of the school books

that record the deeds of valor and heroism. Our past is with us

and it ought to be sacred.

I am glad that these people here have taken occasion to erect

this beautiful, expressive, magnificent and appropriate testimonial

to the deeds of one of America's great warriors. Anthony

Wayne's ancestors came here because they were not afraid to

brave the perils of the wilderness. They were willing to fight

Indians and wild beasts, carry the frontier across from the At-

lantic to the Pacific, and build a strong, a great and a worthy

nation. He was merely carrying the torch which his ancestors

threw to him when he fought in the battles of the Revolution, and

out here at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. That was all. He did

his duty and he was strong in doing it, and more power to him.

May we get inspiration from the life and works of Anthony

Wayne. (Applause.)

Here followed the address of Secretary Good which

appears on previous pages of this issue. After express-

ing the gratitude of Ohio and all the guests assembled

to the distinguished member of the cabinet of President

Hoover for his excellent address and declaring that,

"no man in America by reason of his position, attain-

ments or careful study, could have spoken in quite such

a scholarly, understanding and appreciative way of the

exploits and character of General Wayne," the Toast-

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28        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

master introduced Mrs. Herbert Backus, Vice-President

General of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

 

RESPONSE OF MRS. HERBERT BACKUS

Mr. Toastmaster, Distinguished Guests and Friends: A story

was told me the other day of a farmer who took unto himself his

second wife. He brought her to the home of her predecessor.

After some time had elapsed she told him that she needed some

new shoes; that all her shoes were worn out. He said: "Well,

Samantha left a box of shoes in the cupboard. I think perhaps

some of those will fit you." She replied to him, "I know I have

taken Samantha's place but I never expect to fill her shoes."

(Laughter.)

Our beloved president is Mrs. Hobart. She was expected to

be here tonight but I am here in her place though I never did ex-

pect to fill her shoes. I am very glad to bring you greetings from

the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolu-

tion. (Applause.)

Mr. Loren E. Sowers of Canton, Ohio, past Presi-

dent of the Ohio Society of the Sons of the American

Revolution and past Director-General of the National

Society of that patriotic order, was next introduced and

spoke as follows:

 

ADDRESS OF LOREN E. SOWERS

Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen: As the toastmaster

has already very vividly hinted, it is decidedly an embarrassing

privilege to be permitted to provide the anti-climax of an occasion

such as that of today which has been specialized so notably by the

presence and the stirring address of the Secretary of War rep-

resenting, as he has done, the United States of America upon

this occasion, and that magnificent address by Arthur C. Johnson

this afternoon.

Though embarrassing, it is still a privilege on behalf of the

President-General, the officers and the whole membership of the

National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution to bring

to you tonight greetings and congratulations upon the accomplish-

ments of this splendid thing which has just been finished today.

Under the leadership of the men who have had this task in

• 26
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne       29

charge, and particularly I have in mind my dear friend, Mr.

Walter Sherman, to whose heart I know this project has long been

so dear, this must be a day of very real satisfaction; and to all of

us Americans who love the history of our country; to our

Ohioans who know and love the history of our State, this day

must be one very full of meaning, and it has been. It is a typical

thing for us, from our standpoint of time and circumstances, to

understand just why we saw fit to bring back to mind an event

of one hundred and thirty-five years ago which has been cele-

brated today. One hundred and thirty-five years, yet but a mo-

ment of time compared to the ages of history. And so it is hard

for us to think of that event in terms of its importance.

Many of you know that it opened the way for the establish-

ment of the peace and civilization, and made possible the exten-

sion of the United States into the vast domain of the West. It

was a mission of peace and not of war upon which Anthony

Wayne set out. His achievement was one of peace and not

merely an exploit of war. Civilization, education, science, agri-

culture and the arts of peace were the camp followers of Wayne's

little army.

We humans are sometimes apt to think and talk dogmatically

with certainty about some things as absolute and perhaps there

are no two subjects about which people are more apt to dogma-

tize as if they were absolute than war and peace. One thing in

truth, as things we are told are relative, war and peace particu-

larly are relative. And the exploits of war and the achievements

of peace are so mixed up together that we cannot, in analyzing

history separate the one from the other. And always it has been

and always it must be that the peace, the prosperity, the happiness

and the security of a nation, so long as human nature is human

nature as we have known it, must in a large measure depend on

the readiness of the people to sustain the rights at whatever cost

and to defend the peace which they would enjoy.

This day has been one which ought to have been and I am

sure has been inspiring to everyone of us and all of us Sons and

Daughters of the American Revolution or Americans, all who

come over here with a newly inspired sense of duty, to serve our

country in such circumstances as may be given to us with such

opportunities as are ours. In peace or if need be in war, but

particularly to do our utmost in every possible way to uphold our

government, to maintain its force, its righteousness, its majesty

and power, its influence, its prestige among the nations and to

serve it loyally and obediently, doing our duty as citizens to the

end that ideals of our fathers may be accomplished in all the

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30        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

future and in the perpetuity of this Republic as a leader, the

leader it has been, the leader it should always be in carrying for-

ward in the world the cause of free government and righteous-

ness among men. (Applause.)

 

CONCLUSION OF PROGRAM

Toastmaster Patterson felicitously brought this de-

lightful banquet to a close as follows. We quote from

a stenographic report:

TOASTMASTER PATTERSON--No occasion was ever made less

pleasant by the introduction of a note of informality. We have

now reached the time to make this a very informal meeting and if

I can trust myself in the labyrinth of titles, which blanket me on

either side, I am going to try to introduce this audience to

these titles or these titles to this audience. I said quite pointedly

a moment ago that the speaking part of the program had been

concluded, but I know some of you who do not know the people

at the speakers' table would like to know who they are. I am

going to introduce most of them, perhaps all of them. If I drop

out somewhere along the line I suppose Mr. Sherman will help

me out. I will just introduce them. I will ask each one to rise

at the conclusion of the introduction, and make a bow.

I am going to introduce, first, Dr. Nevin O. Winter. We

believe he knows more about Anthony Wayne, with the possible

exception of the Secretary of War, than anybody else in the world.

He is the historian of this whole territory.

(Much applause as Mr. Winter arises and makes a bow.)

I now will introduce the chairman of the Ohio Revolutionary

Memorial Commission, Mr. A. D. Hosterman, of Springfield.

(Applause as Mr. Hosterman arises.)

Then the Regent of Ursula Wolcott Chapter of the Daugh-

ters of the American Revolution, Mrs. W. I. Hadley, of Toledo.

(Applause as Mrs. Hadley arises.)

Then the State President of the Daughters of 1812, Mrs. W.

I. Sawyer, of Akron.

(Applause.)

Then I want you to know particularly the sculptor who made

beauty a reality in this magnificent monument which brings us

together for this occasion, Mr. Bruce Wilder Saville, of New

York.

(Applause.)

• 28
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne        31

 

This afternoon those of you who were out at the monument

admired, I am sure, the manner in which the exercises were chair-

maned and presided over by Mr. H. C. Shetrone who is Executive

Director of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society.

(Applause as Mr. Shetrone arises.)

Mr. F. A. Godcharles is here representing the State of Penn-

sylvania, the home originally of General Anthony Wayne.

(Applause.)

I think that we take particular pride in our own representa-

tive of the United States Army and I am going to present Col. J.

M. Walling, of Toledo, in charge of the affairs of the Reserve

Officers in the district of Northwest Ohio, and who is acting aide

to the Secretary of War.

(Applause.)

Now, we are honored indeed to have with us not only the

Secretary of War, but the Major-General commanding the Fifth

Corps Area of the United States Army. So I present at this time

Major-General D. E. Nolan of Columbus.

(Applause.)

Now, going down the left, I am sure it is a comfort to have

as Mayor of Toledo a man who lends dignity to an occasion, and

combines that dignity with active and actual achievement for his

home city. I am very proud to present Mayor William T. Jack-

son, of Toledo.

(Applause.)

I now present the Assistant Adjutant-General of the State

of Ohio, Col. Wade Christy.

(Applause.)

We are sorry, of course, not to have Governor Cooper here.

We are glad, however, to have the State of Ohio represented of-

ficially and Governor Cooper represented personally by Hon. H.

Ross Ake, the State Treasurer of Ohio.

(Applause.)

When I see some of the men who have gone to the Legisla-

ture of Ohio from some of the other counties and districts I am

always glad that Ohio is represented in the State Senate by Sen-

ator W. W. Farnsworth, of Waterville, Ohio.

(Applause.)

He is not here. We will give him a hand anyway.

Now, of course, it would be altogether impossible to even

conceive of not introducing the boss. One might say I have a big

pride in introducing a fellow craftsman. I want to present Mr.

Arthur C. Johnson, publisher of the "Columbus Dispatch" and

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32        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

the President of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical

Society.

MR. ARTHUR C. JOHNSON--Mr. Toastmaster, may I have

one-half of one moment?

TOASTMASTER PATTERSON--Because you are a newspaper

man I will let you get by with it.

MR. JOHNSON--To invite all here present to the dedication

of the great peace shaft that we have in mind for Greenville, Ohio,

in 1936.

(Applause.)

TOASTMASTER PATTERSON--Mrs. Herbert Backus, Vice-

President General, Daughters of the American Revolution, of

Columbus.

(Applause.)

Mrs. Helen Wolcott Dimick, of Toledo, Secretary of the

Ohio Society Colonial Dames.

(Applause.)

You know in spite of the fact that Arthur Johnson is presi-

dent, there is someone else that has to do most of the work and

that is generally the secretary. I am going to introduce the secre-

tary, Mr. C. B. Galbreath, the secretary and editor of the Ohio

Archaeoloicgal and Historical Society.

(Applause.)

Now, I am going to ask the man who makes it possible for a

lot of people to become members of the Anthony Wayne Chapter

of the Sons of the American Revolution to arise. I say he makes

it possible. He does not fake up any records but he goes a long

way to find them--Charles Barefoot.

(Applause.)

Mrs. Frank E. Walters is Vice-Regent of Fort Industry

Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution.

(Applause.)

I think it is peculiarly appropriate that we have as one of our

special guests tonight the mayor of a city made famous in older

times by General Wayne. He built a fort up there and it looked

pretty good and somebody said, "Well, we will furnish something

for the Indians to shoot at that defies the Indians. We will call it

Fort Defiance." And in Mr. Edward S. Bronson we have the

mayor of Defiance, Ohio.

(Applause.)

We have the president of the Toledo Chapter of the Daugh-

ters of 1812, Miss Ethelind Daiber of Toledo.

(Applause.)

• 30
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne       33

TOASTMASTER PATTERSON--Next I want to introduce Mrs.

Fanny Smith Tobey of Hamilton, the State Regent of the Daugh-

ters of the American Revolution.

(Applause.)

Governor Green of Michigan, was expected to come but he

sent as his personal representative, Representative Walter C.

Peters of Monroe.

Now, I want to take a moment longer to introduce one other

of our very special guests. It is indeed,--it gives me a thrill to

present a man who is a lineal descendant of General Anthony

Wayne. He lives in a house built in 1745 by the grandfather of

General Anthony Wayne. His family has been in Pennsylvania

since 1722. He lives in Paoli, Pennsylvania, at Waynesboro, the

ancestral home of the Waynes. He holds the very high honor of

being president of the Pennsylvania Order of the Cincinnati of

which George Washington was made the first president, an organ-

ization made up of officers of the Revolutionary War and their de-

scendants. I will ask Hon. William Wayne of Paoli, Pennsyl-

vania to arise.

(Much applause as Mr. Wayne arises.)

I want to say in behalf of us all in having Mr. William

Wayne here, it indeed makes this occasion one hundred per cent.

We thank him for coming and we assure him that we feel very

much honored by his presence.

There is just one more man I am going to introduce and he

has had a special tribute paid him already. This monument would

not have been built, the memory of Anthony Wayne would not

have been properly celebrated, we should not be gathered here

tonight, we should not be honored by the presence of the distin-

guished guests had it not been for the years of effort and pains-

taking on the part of Mr. W. J. Sherman, the General Chairman

of this Committee.

(Much applause as Mr. Sherman arises.)

TOASTMASTER PATTERSON--In closing, I think we should

stand and I will ask Wellington T. Huntsman to lead in the first

and final verses of America, and that will conclude the meeting.

(All arose and sang the first and third verses of "America.")

(Adjournment.)

 

 

 

Vol. XXXIX--3.

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34        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

LETTER FROM WILLIAM H. STEVENSON,

President of the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society

Among the letters received by the Chairman of the

Fallen Timbers State Park Committee is the following:

PITTSBURGH, PA., September 10, 1929.

MR. W. J. SHERMAN, Chairman,

Toledo, Ohio.

DEAR SIR--I have your kind invitation to attend the dedica-

tion of a monument to General Anthony Wayne on the site of the

battlefield of Fallen Timbers, Saturday, September 19th and ex-

ceedingly regret that owing to a previous engagement I cannot be

present.

The ceremonies connected with the unveiling and dedication

of this beautiful monument are of particular interest to every

Pennsylvanian, for it was in Pittsburgh that General Wayne, pur-

suant to President Washington's orders, organized "The Legion

of the United States."

General Wayne started to organize his Legion at Fort

Fayette, which stood at the corner of Penn Avenue and Ninth

Street (as those thoroughfares are known today) in Pittsburgh,

in the summer of 1792. There he gathered together a motley

crowd, mostly adventurers from the larger eastern towns and

cities. The terrible defeats of Harmar and St. Clair and the re-

ports of Indian atrocities committed on their troops served to

deter voluntary enlistments, and Wayne was compelled to take

what he could get. Soon he discovered that the environment of

Pittsburgh was not conducive to the maintenance of good dis-

cipline. Pittsburgh was but a frontier post infested with the usual

evils attendant on such places. Wayne did not have the present-

day power of creating prohibition zones, and he soon found that

Monongahela whiskey and military discipline didn't mix. So he

very wisely in the fall of the year removed his troops and their

equipment down the river on flatboats to the open country at this

spot, which came to be known as Legionville, where the men were

largely free from the temptations of the frontier town.

At this camp, Wayne put his men through a thorough school

of military training. He put into effect the lessons he had learned

in the Revolution from Baron Steuben, and which he had his

troops so effectively employ at Stony Point when he captured that

place with the bayonet. He taught the Legion all the drill of the

• 32
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne        35

 

regular soldiery. He showed them how to lower their muskets

and charge direct at the enemy with the terrifying yell just as our

boys are being taught in our many training camps today. They

were impressed with the duty of implicit obedience and with con-

fidence in their officers, who then, as now, led and did not follow

their men. Wayne is said by historians to have been an ideal

leader of men and the most capable drill-master under whom the

American army had served.

Wayne's spirit of patriotism and fair play to soldiers deserv-

ing promotion is illustrated in this autograph letter given by Mrs.

Joseph Beardsley, of Bridgeville, Pa., to the Historical Society of

Western Pennsylvania. In writing to Major-General Knox, then

Secretary of War, Wayne says: "I cannot think of committing the

lives of good men and the interests of my country and my own

honor into hands of men devoid of military ambition who are

novices in the profession of arms." As a result of Wayne's work,

his men, when put to the test, were not found wanting, and their

glorious victory over the Indians at Fallen Timbers on August

20th, 1794, was the most emphatic vindication of his wise leader-

ship. That victory opened the way to peace with the savages and

made sure the retirement of the British from the posts in our ter-

ritory which they had held without warrant since the close of the

Revolution. It made possible the settlement of our Northwestern

Territory out of which were carved half a dozen great states.

Here on this spot Wayne raised the first flag of the United

States with its thirteen stripes and stars, it being the herald of

freedom and civilization to a vast extent of country on and beyond

the Ohio. Wayne did not long survive his great victory which

brought much joy to the sorely tried Washington and to all the

American people. He died at Erie, November 1₇th, 1796, but his

memory is still green in the hearts of our people. It has been said

that "the path of glory leads but to the grave," but in the case of

Wayne it has led to immortal fame. As the ages lengthen and the

importance of his work becomes more and more evident to the eye

of the discerning and impartial historian, the value of his deeds

and services to his country grows, and Anthony Wayne's place in

the American Hall of Fame becomes more and more secure.

Very truly yours,

WILLIAM H. STEVENSON,

President, Western Pennsylvania Historical Society.

• 33
 

36       Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

NOTES

HONORABLE JAMES W. GOOD

Honorable James W. Good, Secretary of War in the

cabinet of President Hoover, was the most distinguished

official who attended the unveiling of the monument in

honor of General Anthony Wayne and he delivered the

principal address at the banquet in the evening in the

Commodore Perry Hotel. No one who heard him would

have predicted that this would be the last distinguished

service of this character he would perform for the Chief

Executive of the Nation and the thousands who were so

fortunate as to hear him. But such it was, and long will

an element of pathos attach to the patriotic words that

fell from his lips on this occasion. Secretary Good died

in Washington, D. C., at 8:30 p. m. November 18, only

a little more than two months after he delivered this

address.

James W. Good was born at Cedar Rapids, Iowa,

September 24, 1866. He was graduated from Coe Col-

lege, Iowa, in 1892, and from the Law School of the

University of Michigan in 1893. He was City Attorney

of Cedar Rapids in 1906-1908; Member of Congress

from the Iowa Sixth District 1909-1923; resigned from

Congress and entered upon the practice of law in Chi-

cago. He was an active supporter of Herbert Hoover

for President at the primary and in the election in 1928.

He was appointed Secretary of War, a position that he

held at the time of his death.

The guests at the dedication and banquet who saw

and heard the address by Secretary of War Good were

reminded that Toledo and Ohio have a representative in

• 34
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne  37

the cabinet of President Hoover in Honorable Walter

F. Brown, Postmaster-General. Had he been present

he would have been accorded a most generous welcome.

Naturally unusual interest centered in the distin-

guished guest, William Wayne of Paoli, Pennsylvania.

He is a lineal descendant of General Anthony Wayne,

a successful business man and a former member of the

General Assembly of Pennsylvania. Asked if he had

held any other government position, he smilingly replied

"No, this is my only offense." He left a most favorable

impression and his presentations at the dedication and

the banquet were heartily cheered.

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Historical Society of Northwestern Ohio with

commendable enterprise had a complete stenographic

report made of all the exercises incident to the unveil-

ing and dedication of the monument to General Anthony

Wayne on September 14, 1929. This report was

promptly published and the editor of the QUARTERLY is

under great obligations for the privilege of using this

report in the preparation of copy for the QUARTERLY.

HISTORICAL DISPLAY IN LASALLE & KOCH'S WIN-

DOWS, TOLEDO, OHIO

ARRANGED BY NEVIN O. WINTERS

(Courtesy of Alfred Koch)

WINDOW I

Books --

1. Butterfield, C. W. -- History of the Girtys.

2. Jackson, ----   History of the Indian Wars.

3. "The Report of General Wayne on the Battle of Faller.

Timbers." In Slocum, C. E. --- History of the Mau-

mee River Basin, pp. 207-211.

• 35
 

38        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

Maps --

1. Dr. Belknap's Map of Wayne's Route in the Maumee

Valley, 1794. In Hulbert, A. B. -- Historic High-

ways, v. 8, p. 197.

2. "Ohio in 1835." This map shows the old Northwestern

Territory as it was in 1835. Wood County includes what

is now Lucas County, then unborn. Toledo, or Port

Lawrence, is located in Monroe County, Michigan.

Other near-by counties have not yet been born. De-

fiance is still Fort Defiance; Fremont is Lower San-

dusky; Findlay is Fort Findlay. Loaned by the His-

torical Society of Northwestern Ohio.

3. "Port Lawrence and Vistula."

Pictures --

1. "Chief Tarhe -- the Crane."   Ohio State Archaeological

and Historical Society -- Publications, v. 14, p. 133.

2. Photographic copy of the Greenville Treaty.

3. "The Treaty of Greenville." Ohio State Archaeological

and Historical Society -- Publications, v. 7.

4. "Turkey Foot Rock -- original site;" "Roche de Boeuf

on the Maumee." Ohio State Archaeological and His-

torical Society -- Publications, v. 18, pp. 146, 147.

5. "Little Turtle." Ohio State Archaeological and Histori-

cal Society -- Publications, v. II, p. 32.

WINDOW 2

Books --

1. Peters, W. E.-- Ohio Lands and Their Subdivision.

2. Slocum, C. E. -- The Ohio Country, 1783-1815.

3. Howells, W. D. -- Stories of Ohio.

4. Abbott, J. S. C. -- History of the State of Ohio.

5. Burnet, Jacob -- Notes on the Northwestern Territory.

Maps --

1. "Ohio in 1815."

2. "Land Surveys in Ohio, with early Posts and Settle-

ments." Hinsdale, B. A. -- Old Northwest, p. 291.

3. "Maumee in 1836." The original name of this suburb

was Maumee City. In 1836 it was much larger and

more important than Toledo. The map shows that it

was plotted on an elaborate scale. The lower part

shows the Maumee River, from Ft. Wayne to Lake

Erie. It visualizes many facts of history and is worth

• 36
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne       39

 

more than passing note. Here are shown the famous

"twelve-mile square reserve" granted to the Indians

by the United States, and the Ottawa Reserve, set

aside for certain Indians. Loaned by the Toledo Pub-

lic Library.

4. "Toledo in 1857." In this map we see Toledo as it was

72 years ago. One can trace the route of the Erie and

Kalamazoo R. R., the first railroad west of the Alle-

ghanies. The Miami and Lake Erie Canal runs

through the city to Manhattan and its route is clearly

indicated. Loaned by the Toledo Public Library.

Pictures --

1. "U. S. Army and Navy Uniforms in the War of 1812-

1815."  Wood, William, and Gabriel, R. H. -- The

Pageant of America, v. 6, p. 291.

2. "Blockhouse of Fort Defiance as Restored." Van Tassel,

C. S. -- Book of Ohio, v. 2, p. 156.

3. "Soldiers' and Sailors' Pioneer Monument, Hamilton,

O." Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society

-- Publications, v. 13, p. 106.

4. "General Anthony Wayne," from an old print. Ohio

Magazine, v. I, October, 1906, p. 338.

 

WINDOW 3

Books --

1. "Anthony Wayne Routs the Ohio Indians."    America,

v. 4.

2. "General Anthony Wayne's General Orders."

Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, v. 34, p.

341.

Maps --

1. "Camp Meigs." This map was drawn by Lieutenant

Joseph Larwill with a quill pen soon after the famous

siege of Fort Meigs. It is dated July 1, 1813, and

shows Camp Meigs -- generally called Fort -- sur-

rounded by heavy timber; except the cleared portion

around the stockade, which was done for protection

from  surprise.  On opposite side of the river are

shown the sites of British batteries, Dudley's battle

and massacre, and the old British fortification. This

interesting map was loaned by the Toledo Public

Library.

• 37
 

40        Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications

 

2. "Plan of the Battle of Fallen Timbers;" "Turkey Foot

Rock." Lossing, B. J. -- Pictorial Field Book of the

War of 1812, p. 55.

Pictures --

1. "Statue of Mad Anthony Wayne at Newburgh, N. Y."

The Real American in Romance, v. 10.

2. "Fort Wayne, 1795." Brice, W. A. -- History of Fort

Wayne, p. 154.

3. "Wayne's Battlefield." Wilson, F. E. -- The Peace of

Mad Anthony, p. 96.

4. "Uniform of an American Officer, 1796."  McClellan,

Elizabeth -- Historic Dress in America, 1607-1800.

Miscellaneous --

1. Spurs and Watch-chain of General Anthony Wayne.

Loaned by Ohio State Archaeological and Historical

Society.

2. Pipe of Peace. The original grand Calumet or Pipe of

Peace, smoked by General Anthony Wayne and ninety

Indian chiefs at Greenville. Among the Indians the

smoking of the pipe of peace was a solemn ceremony.

It was passed from one to another and each participant

took a puff. Loaned by the Ohio State Archaeological

and Historical Society.

3. Autograph of General Anthony Wayne. General

Wayne's signature is appended to an order to "deliver

112 hunting shirts" for members of the Third Sub-

legion then under marching orders. It is dated Octo-

ber 4, 1795, and is an interesting souvenir of his

famous company. On either side is a copy of a well-

known portrait of Wayne. In another frame is an

artist's conception of the Battle of Fallen Timbers, and

another portrait of General Wayne. Loaned by W. J.

Sherman.

4. Souvenirs of Fort Defiance. Articles found on the

grounds of Fort Defiance within the past few years

include the following, viz.:

Buttons from uniforms of General Wayne's soldiers,

bearing the continental insignia.

Bayonet, from a soldier's gun.

Hand-made nails, used in constructing the stockade.

Fragments of broken camp utensils.

A cane, made of wood from a massive apple-tree which

stood opposite the Fort, and which was said to be

• 38
 

Ohio's Monument to General Anthony Wayne       41 the largest apple-tree in the world. It yielded 200 bushels of fruit in its prime. It fell a few years ago. The head of the cane is made from an antler of the last wild deer killed along the Maumee. These relics were loaned by Abram Smith, of Defiance. WINDOW 4 "The Battle of Fallen Timbers." Ellis, E. S.--His- tory of the United States, v. 2. Photographic copy of portrait of General Anthony Wayne. Original is in the Museum of the His- torical Society of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia. Anthony Wayne Flag, which was carried in Wayne's campaign from Fort Defiance to Fallen Timbers. Private Johnson, color-bearer, bequeathed this time-worn and battle-scarred banner to his family. It is owned today by Captain W. H. Johnson, of Findlay.

• 39