BOOK REVIEWS
Anthony Wayne: Trouble Shooter of the
American Revolution.
By Harry Emerson Wildes. (New York,
Harcourt, Brace
and Co., 1941. 514p. Illus. and
maps. $3.75.)
This volume is a biography written by
one who knows inti-
mately the Pennsylvania background of
the famous Revolutionary
hero. The author was born in the
neighboring state of Delaware,
holds a degree from the University of
Pennsylvania, and has
served as literary editor of the
Philadelphia Public Ledger. He,
moreover, has lived for many years at
Valley Forge in the heart
of the country which Wayne called home
during most of his life-
time and he has written volumes on
Valley Forge and the Dela-
ware (in the Rivers of America
Series).
The present volume is not a hasty,
journalistic production.
Rather, the author has, in painstaking
fashion, consulted practi-
cally all significant material which
exists in printed form and many
manuscript collections, especially the
Wayne Papers belonging to
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
and about five thousand
personal letters (which were commonly
believed to have been de-
stroyed) in the possession of the Wayne
family at the ancestral
home. He has, moreover, consulted many
persons who have a
specialized knowledge of certain aspects
of Wayne's life and has
personally visited practically every
spot with which Wayne's ca-
reer was connected.
He points out (p. 236) how during the
winter of 1781 an
eccentric friend, who was denied a
favor, mumbled that Wayne
apparently was "mad" or he
would have acted otherwise. The
nickname clung to Wayne, and later
generations have often jumped
at the conclusion that he was rash and
impetuous rather than the
bold but careful military strategist
that he actually was.
The military career of the
"trouble-shooter" is painstakingly
presented as he served the patriot cause
in the ill-fated invasion
of Canada, at Ticonderoga during the
long winter of 1776-77,
(143)
144
OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
through the later campaigns in
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, at
the storming of Stony Point, and in
Virginia when Cornwallis's
surrender was accomplished. His
subsequent campaigns in the
Carolinas and in Georgia and his notable
success over the North-
western Indians at Fallen Timbers (1794)
likewise receive care-
ful treatment.
The author deals in sympathetic fashion
with Wayne's rigid,
even brutal, but perhaps necessary,
disciplinary measures; his
jealous rivalry with that other
Pennsylvanian who outranked him,
Arthur St. Clair; his pride in the men
of the Pennsylvania line;
and his chagrin that lobbying had to be
resorted to in order to
seek adequate supplies from the state
assembly.
At the same time the more personal
aspects of his life are not
neglected. The author portrays him as a
schoolboy almost devoid
of studious qualities; as a youth
preeminently interested in the
life of the soldier; as a man who loved
the conviviality of the
tavern but found great joy in the
companionship of gay and witty
women; as a husband whose affections for
his wife (Mary Pen-
rose Wayne) declined until his brief and
infrequent letters con-
tained no words of endearment; and,
after the Revolution, as a
planter in Georgia with a load of debt
that overshadowed him.
Some scholars may take exception to
certain details and de-
grees of emphasis, but all in all the
biography is an interesting and
reliable account of the career of a
great warrior of the early years
of the Republic. Included are valuable
notes and an extensive
bibliography.
Ohio State University FRANCIS
PHELPS WEISENBURGER
With Wayne at Fallen Timbers. By Charles F. Lender. (New
York, Cupples and Leon Company, 1941.
249p. $1.00.)
This volume is an historical
novel--primarily for boys--
which deals with the adventures of
Dougald Cameron, a youthful
rifleman in the army commanded by Wayne
in the campaign
against the Northwestern Indians. The
story begins at the time
when preliminary preparations were being
made in 1792, and car-
ries the narrative through the victory
at Fallen Timbers, the
BOOK REVIEWS 145
Treaty of Greenville and Wayne's
triumphal reception thereafter
in Philadelphia, then the nation's
capital. Much of the story is
in dialogue form, and painstaking
efforts have been made to fit
the tale into an authentic historical
background.
Ohio State University FRANCIS PHELPS WEISENBURGER
The Voyageur's Highway. By Grace Lee Nute. (St. Paul, The
Minnesota Historical Society, 1941. xiii
+ 113p. 50c.)
The Voyageur's Highway, written by Grace Lee Nute, should
not be limited to Minnesotans. Published
by the Minnesota His-
torical Society, this volume represents
an outstanding example of
what can and should be done for many
localities. Penned in an
easy style, it offers well-founded facts
as well as several hours of
delightful entertainment. Grace Lee Nute
here writes of that
water highway, stretching between Lake
Superior and the Lake
of the Woods, over which passed the bulk
of the early fur trade.
Known as the Grand Portage Route, it was
for years the subject
of international controversy until
finally, after settlement, it be-
came a part of the boundary between the
United States and
Canada.
Years of research combined with a
first-hand knowledge of
the country about which the author
writes has resulted in this
excellent volume.
District Supervisor of Art, ROBERT C. WHEELER
Work Projects Administration
Uncle Sam's Stepchildren. By Loring Benson Priest. (New
Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers
University Press, 1942.
x ?? 310p. $3.75.)
Students of Ohio history will discover
from this masterly
study what happened to the Ohio tribes
along with the rest of
America's Indians after their removal
from ancestral hunting
grounds. That is as close as the book is
directly related to Ohio
unless we count the adverse influence on
Indian reform of such
146 OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
Ohioans as General W. T. Sherman whose
opinion of "good In-
dians" is too well known.
Dr. Priest has digested an enormous
amount of source and
secondary material to tell the story of
the modification of the so-
called reservation system in favor of
the severalty system of the
Dawes Act of 1887 by which plans were
laid to allot Indians
farmland, make citizens out of them, and
use the proceeds of the
sale of the surplus land to help further
in the process of assim-
ilation. The story is so well told by
the author that the many
intricate elements of the complex
problem of Indian reform are
easily followed by the reader. The main
items in this reform
include the abolishing of the
hypocritical system of negotiating
treaties with tribes as if they were
independent nations; the ration-
alizing and decorrupting of the annuity
system which pauperized
the Indians with gifts of food, clothing
and "gew-gaws"; the in-
creasing of appropriations for
education; the establishment of
General S. C. Armstrong's Indian School
at Hampton Institute,
Virginia, and of Captain H. R. Pratt's
institution at Carlisle,
Pennsylvania; the training of Indians in
practical self-reliance
by engaging them to freight their own
supplies and police their
own reservation.
Primarily the book is a study of white
men's policy rather
than of Indian experience, though it is
done with an implicit under-
standing of the Indian point of view.
The Indian reformers (white
men, not red) appear in their pale pink
colors. There are the indi-
vidualists like Father Beeson, Alfred B.
Meacham, and Helen
Hunt Jackson, the tea-table Women's
National Indian Association,
the high-pressure Indian Rights
Association, the soundly scientific
and really influential annual Indian
expert's conferences at Lake
Mohonk, New York, and the
ultra-conservative National Indian
Defense Association. The eastern
philosophers of Indian capabil-
ities are sharply contrasted with
frontier land-hungry Indian-
haters who desired the destruction of
"Indians and Skunks."
Motivations of reformers are soundly
defined, from the fanaticism
of the Indian-lovers to the complex and
constructive reasonable-
ness of Senator Henry L. Dawes. Above
all is to be observed the
necessity of a more or less sensational
episode to get the public
BOOK REVIEWS 147
behind a reform. Thus the dramatic
flight of the Ponca Standing
Bear and his followers from the escort
which sought to put them
on a reservation in the Indian Territory
prepared the public mind
for a stoppage of mass tribal removals.
The book opens and closes on bleak notes
of failure. The
first section is entitled "Four
Unsuccessful Efforts at Reform."
It describes the fiasco of the attempt
to have a government advisory
board of Indian experts, and also
exhibits the disgusting spectacle
of interdenominational jealousy among
America's leading churches
when entrusted with the responsibility
of nominating Indian
officials. The closing chapter, entitled
"The Dawes Act and Indian
Reform," discloses an even greater
failure. It shows the states-
manlike quality of the act utterly
destroyed by profit-mad real
estate men, the hideous mismanagement of
government adminis-
trators, the callous neglect of
Congress, and the retirement of the
reformers who self-righteously folded
their hands because they
thought their work was done. As the
author confesses, "Today the
Act, which was compared by
contemporaries with Magna Charta
and the Declaration of Independence, is
officially regarded as
merely the latest and most contemptible
feature of America's long
abuse of the Indian race." There
may be sanity, but there is
little consolation, in the author's
closing remark, "Subsequent
generations may well wish that the
advance had been less hasty;
yet they can hardly regret that for the
first time in the history of
the country sympathy for the Indian received concrete expression."
Ohio Writers' Project RANDOLPH C. DOWNES
William McKinley Commemorative
Tributes. By Charles Ulysses
Gordon. (Waterloo, Wisconsin, The
Courier Printing Com-
pany, 1942. 166p. $3.00.)
A new and different type of book has
been published under
the sanction and support of the living
members of the former
Marquette Club of Chicago, an
organization devoted to the prin-
ciples of the Republican party.
The book is dedicated to William
McKinley, twenty-fourth
148 OHIO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
president of the United States, and is a
compilation of tributes to
him. There are sixty testimonials.
The "Foreword" written by
former vice-president Charles G.
Dawes, speaks of the tributes of John
Hay, Booth Tarkington and
Robert A. Taft. The compilation has been
made by Charles
Ulysses Gordon who was appointed as
postmaster of Chicago in
March, 1897, by President McKinley. He
was a charter member
of the Marquette Club and its eighth
president.
The book can be recommended to anyone
wishing to review
a vital and comparatively recent period
of our history.
H. L.
The Big Snow: Christmas at Jacoby's
Corners. By Jake Falstaff
[Herman Fetzer]. Illustrated by David
Hendrickson. (Bos-
ton, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1941. iv
?? 146p. $1.75.)
This is the homey tale of Lemuel
Hayden's Christmas vaca-
tion at Jacoby's Corners, a northeastern
Ohio farm community of
approximately three decades ago. In the preceding volume,
Jacoby's Corners, readers learned all about Lemuel, the city young-
ster, on a visit to his mother's
farm-folks, and relived with him
the joys of a summer vacation in the
country. In this book they
are introduced once more to the simple
pleasures of friendly people
during the holiday season. Even readers
who did not peruse the
earlier volume and those who missed the
enjoyment of reading
Jake Falstaff's columns in the Akron Beacon-Journal
or the
Cleveland Press can still derive
satisfaction from The Big Snow.
At Jacoby's Corners "the frost was
not merely a coat; it was
a fur." Grandma Nadeli wore
voluminous skirts. The snow fell
ten feet deep. Kerosene lamps, a
considerable family of them,
illuminated the farm house. Lemuel was
given hot onion juice
and rubbed with goose grease for his
cold and was told to "sweat
like a little butcher." The boy
enjoyed a few days in one-room
Maple Valley School and romped with his
fifteen-year-old cousin,
Clyde. He went to see a butchering. He
wore red flannels and
played with a new-born pup. He met
relatives and neighbors
BOOK REVIEWS 149
and heard all sorts of folktales. He
participated in the Christmas
celebration at the schoolhouse and in a
lively family gathering at
Cousin Ora's. He ate delicious holiday
meals such as make the
reader's mouth water. He milked the cows
and rode a horse.
Then, regretfully, feeling "very
hot and terrible in the back" of his
eyelids, he put on his "dude"
clothes, blurted, "It was some Christ-
mas," and got on the train bound
for New York.
This is a warm, vivid and invigorating
tale with characters
that revive memories and descriptions
that call up comparisons.
It is a fitting sequel to the earlier
volume, yet stands by itself as
an epic portrayal of the late Herman
Fetzer's own Ohio childhood.
It is to be lamented that the author's
life was too short to allow
him to record a great many more episodes
in the simple, everyday
experiences of an Ohio community of a
generation ago. The re-
viewer understands that his widow is
preparing a third volume
from her late husband's notes. Readers
will look forward to its
appearance.
B. E. J.
A History and an Interpretation of
Wilberforce University. By
Frederick A. McGinnis. (Wilberforce,
Ohio, 1941. xii ??
215p.)
The title of this volume suggests that
the author has done
more than write a history of this
outstanding negro institution
from available records. He has, in fact,
presented "an interpreta-
tion" of events, particularly in
recent years, when administrative
problems have been most difficult and
ones in which he was him-
self greatly involved. The university
unfortunately is the victim
of two boards of trustees, one
representing the church and the
other the State of Ohio. The latter
supports the Combined Nor-
mal and Industrial Department. This
obviously makes unity and
harmony impossible.
The school, founded in 1856, had many
illustrious teachers
and one of its greatest periods of
development was from 1908 to
1920
under the presidency of William S.
Scarborough, a graduate
150 OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL
AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
of Oberlin College, an author and
scholar. Although available
records permitted Professor McGinnis to
write a good history of
the university in the early days, his
own participation in the admin-
istrative struggles of the last two
decades, made objectivity
difficult.
The volume is well illustrated. In
addition to views of the
university campus and buildings, there
are photographs of found-
ers, early teachers, and all of the
presidents. There is a bibli-
ography, but the book is poorly arranged
and there is no index.
W. D. O.
History of Education in Indiana. By Richard G. Boone. (In-
dianapolis, Indiana, reprinted by the
Indiana Historical Bu-
reau, 1941. 454p. $1.50)
This is a reprint by offset process of
Boone's A History of
Education in Indiana, which was originally published in 1892 by
D. Appleton and Company. The book has
been long out of print
and the demand has been greater than the
supply available through
secondhand channels. It is still
recognized as the best work upon
education in Indiana down to 1890. Professor Boone was also
the author of a companion book, The
History of Education in the
United States, published in 1888. He was superintendent of
public schools in Cincinnati, 1899-1903.
Copies of this reprint edi-
tion can be secured directly from the
Indiana Historical Bureau,
State Library and Historical Building,
Indianapolis.
H. L.
The Great Mobilization and Other
Essays. By Frederic Logan
Paxson. (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1941.
206p.)
This is a collection of Professor
Paxson's historical addresses
and essays. The volume is a result of a
desire of his former
students to express in some permanent
form their admiration for
a scholar and a teacher. The title of
the book is taken from his
BOOK REVIEWS 151
inaugural address as president of the
American Historical As-
sociation in 1938. Other contributions
to the volume cover a
period from 1907 to 1935. One
of these, "The Rise of Sport,"
was delivered as president of the
Mississippi Valley Historical
Association in 1917. The book also
contains a bibliography of
the writings of Professor Paxson, a list
of historical writings of
his students who have completed work for
the doctorate under his
direction, and a full-page picture of
Professor Paxson as a frontis-
piece. A foreword for the book is
written by Professor Bayrd
Still of Duke University.
H. L.
Two-Way Passage. By Louis Adamic. (New York, Harper and
Brothers, 1941. x ?? 328p. $2.50.)
Hindsight is, of course, much simpler
than foresight, but
achievements and changes are wrought by
planners and doers and
not by carping critics and reminiscers
of what might have been.
In the midst of the doubts and
uncertainties of the pre-Pearl
Harbor era, Adamic came forth with this
positive, dynamic and
challenging idea. The reviewer calls it
an idea rather than a plan,
for the author himself would be the
first to deny that he has pre-
sented a finished blue print to be
followed in the post-war era.
Rather his volume may be regarded as a
"tickler" or a stimulant
to set the ball a-rolling. He believes
that it is not too early to
start thinking and doing something about
Europe after the war.
And right he is.
Wars are not conceived in a moment and
neither is peace.
The Hitler regime had a slow and
deliberate growth before it began
to bare its fangs and snarl. It even
used Spain as a practice
ground for its later slaughters. Japan,
too, sharpened her war
teeth on China before attempting to
attack us. Perhaps the effec-
tiveness of the Axis has in a great
measure been due to this careful
planning--a planning which not only
dealt with the war years but
also made provision for what would come
afterwards. That we
are determined not to allow our enemies
to achieve their evil
152
OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
machinations is all the more reason why
we, too, need to plan
ahead.
The United Nations, and particularly the
United States of
America, have an even more gigantic task
to face. We must pre-
pare as we fight; we must fight to be
able to take the offensive.
Yet, at the same time, we must fit
ourselves for a future day when
victory will be ours and we must plan
ahead in order to know how
to proceed as victors.
Adamic proposes that we begin now to
contact the "demo-
cratic-loving" elements of Europe's
population in order that, once
the war is over and victory is ours,
there may be established a real
United States of Europe under the
tutelage and guidance of Amer-
icans, former immigrants and children of
immigrants who have
learned the "American way" and
can return to teach their knowl-
edge to their brethren across the sea.
Hence the title of the book.
It seems a bit fantastic but we need a
little more fantasy and
a good deal less realistic defeatism
these days. The reviewer would
be inclined to propose that Adamic's
suggestion be taken as one
of a number of alternatives; that all
these proposals be worked out
very carefully; that they be broad
enough in scope to deal with
Asia and Africa as well as Europe; that
they take into considera-
tion both victorious and vanquished
nations and peoples; that they
include reeducation within our own
country so that the youth of
our land will truly appreciate and
understand the value of Ameri-
canism. We are fighting not only to win
the war but also to enjoy
the peace. Unless we do some planning
toward the latter we will
be even worse off than in 1918.
Mr. Adamic's book bears careful reading
but in addition it
should serve to evoke fruitful thinking
and doing. Thank God,
that there are such immigrants among us
as Louis Adamic; these
are truly Americans in the fullest sense
of the word.
B. E. J.
BOOK REVIEWS 153
Storm. By George Stewart. (New York, Random House, 1941,
349p. Cloth. $2.50.)
In Peru the Bridge of San Luis Rey broke
and flung five
human beings to their death. Thereupon
the industrious Brother
Juniper dug up their life stories--the
stories that make up the book.
A tiny area of low pressure, reported by
a ship off Japan, was
the beginning of a storm named Maria
that finally broke in fury
on the eastern Pacific and the west
coast of America and affected
the lives and deaths of several million
human beings. Maria's
growth and actions, noted by the Junior
Meteorologist of the San
Francisco Weather Bureau office, make up
this book.
Brother Juniper was concerned entirely
with people; he made
no notes about the building of osier
bridges and their service and
probable failure. The Junior
Meteorologist paid more attention
to Maria than to the people she pleased
or hurt. Her daily progress
is set forth in considerable technical
detail, and the people--the
chief service officer of the airline,
the highway superintendent, the
"general" who forecast floods,
and the other bosses responsible
for the routine of electric power,
railroading, and telephone, even
Rick the lineman and Jen and Max who
lost their lives--are pretty
nebulous, in most cases nameless. Maria
is heroine and hero com-
bined, even to the extent of generating
a disturbance that the J. M.
Called Little Maria and that stirred up
trouble farther East, after
Maria's demise.
Whether characters so impersonal make Storm
a novel, as
alleged, may be open to question. It's
pretty scientific. Anyhow
it is absorbing reading, and the
originality of the idea is admirable.
The Junior Meteorologist, straight from
technical school, had
the latest theories and methods,
including air mass analysis. He
thought the Chief Forecaster might be a
bit of an old fogy. Just
for fun the J. M. gave the storms girls'
names ending in -ia.
Felicia, Cornelia, and especially Maria.
He let this whim slip out
in talking to the Chief, and discovered
that the older man had
done the same thing in his youth and
didn't think it foolish. The
J. M. found that the Weather Bureau, on
whose forecasts so many
people depended for decisions, had a
heart and soul after all and
he wasn't so eager to take a job with
the airline.
154
OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
Technical details abound in Storm. You
can see the map
made up, with the pressures marked in
millibars (the author neg-
lected to say "millibars" and
to tell us that a millibar is 1/1000
part of standard pressure 29.531 inches of
mercury at freezing
temperature and sea level) and with the
winds and warm fronts
and cold fronts, and watch the
weatherman make his forecast.
The author got his information from
headquarters--the Weather
Bureau, the highway department, and so
on, sources duly ac-
knowledged. He handled it well. Some
reviewers have been a
bit nasty about his style, calling it
"wooden" and what one might
expect from an associate professor of
English (which he is at
the University of California) but this
reviewer found it enjoyable.
Not up to the superb qualities of a
Joseph Conrad in "Rulers of
East and West" (Mirror of the
Sea). But there is only one Con-
rad. The places this reader didn't like
in Storm were the cosmic
passages "while as yet he scarce
walked upright steadily, man
fashioned for himself many gods . .
." and so on. Then the epi-
sodes--about the owl on the transmission
line, the blue boar, the
flour salesman driving up to make a
call--are a bit too choppy and
heavy with the finger of fate pressing
down on the scales. Yet,
it is difficult to know how to avoid
them; they explain clearly
how one circumstance led to another in
the effects of the storm.
The men needn't ejaculate
"Kee-riced!" and other disguised
cussing.
The descriptions of important events,
especially the efforts
to keep U. S. Highway 40 clear of snow,
however, are excellent.
Good writing is: "A dead-tired man
may stumble on a pebble and
fall; but his weariness, rather than the
pebble is the cause. Simi-
larly, a vigorously advancing front
would simply have swept over
and around the island, but now the
obstruction caused an appre-
ciable break, and a hesitant eddy about
a mile in diameter, began
to form--weakened--took shape again. . .
. As from the union of
two opposite germ-cells begins a life,
so from the contact of north-
ern and southern air had sprung
something which before had not
been. As a new life, a focus of
activity, begins to develop after
its kind and grow by what it feeds on,
so in the air that complex
BOOK REVIEWS 155
of forces began to develop and grow
strong. A new storm had
been born."
A bit strong on simile, perhaps. But so
is the AEneid.
Storm comes at a time when war deprives us of the weather
forecasts, making us more conscious than
ever of how much we
depended on them. It is contemporaneous
with the U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture's bulky 1941
handbook, Climate and Man, in
which, if one is interested, one may
find out just how the daily
forecast is made. Even though we can't
get much good out of
official weather prognostication just
now we can do some instruc-
tive reading on the subject and try some
forecasting of our own.
We can also appreciate the importance of
meteorology in our war
effort, especially for the aviation
service. For Storm Dr. Stewart
deserves a full professorship.
Ohio State University MERRILL WEED
How to Read a Newspaper. By Edgar Dale. (New York, Scott,
Foresman and Company, 1941. 192p. Illus.
$1.40.)
The newspaper is the greatest source of
the day-by-day his-
tory of any community. To help make the
reader aware of the
influence of the newspaper on his
information, attitudes and
actions, to permit him to build up his
own standards for judging
newspapers, to aid him in selecting and
reading efficiently and in-
telligently the newspapers that meet
these standards, and to enable
him to discover his individual and
social responsibility for improv-
ing the press in America, Edgar Dale has
written this newspaper
text-book. As reported in the Preface,
Dr. Dale began his prepa-
rations for writing such a book five
years ago by asking high
school students what they wanted to know
about newspapers.
From them he collected and classified
over 5000 questions which
he used as a guide in writing his book.
The next step in his real-
istic approach to the problem of
training better newspaper readers
was to have an experimental edition
tried out in 16 high schools
scattered from Connecticut to
California. The book was then re-
written in the light of findings of this
test and as a result of this
156
OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
thorough groundwork, How to Read a
Newspaper seems excep-
tionally clear in its organization and
as readable and interesting as
a well-written novel.
The book starts off with exciting drama,
the Ohio Penitentiary
fire. Anyone who begins to read this
chapter is not likely to put
the book down until he has finished this
memorable, true story
of how the newspapers covered the
tragedy. Here the reader finds
all the swift-moving action he usually
associates with the job of
getting and printing the news. This
first chapter is followed by
others designed to give the reader a
clear idea of how the news is
gathered, written, edited, printed and
distributed.
In Part Two the reader is taught to
improve his reading
technics and to judge what he reads. He
learns how to plan his
reading to cover the ground quickly, how
to find specific informa-
tion efficiently, how to suit his
reading speed to the purpose of
which he reads. As teachers will
recognize, this reading training
applied to a specific situation,
newspaper reading, is right in line
with the newest developments in high
school education. In the
chapter on evaluating newspapers, the
reader considers, among
other things, how to detect the methods
of the propagandist and
how to judge whether or not a report is
authoritative.
The chapter on "Freedom of the
Press" is particularly sig-
nificant, especially in these years of
conflict. Mr. Dale points out
that freedom of the press involves
responsibilities as well as privi-
leges and intelligent thinking about
current affairs depends upon
a free press. Mr. Dale believes that the
United States must be
kept safe for differences of opinion and
adds that the intelligent
reader will be a supporter of the civil
liberties mentioned in the
Bill of Rights of the Constitution of
the United States.
The reader will find Mr. Dale's Seven
Predictions for news-
papers of the future exceptionally
interesting. Also of special
consideration are his treatment of comic
strips and cartoons,
photography and columnists. The author
is connected with the
Bureau of Educational Research at Ohio
State University and is
a member of the Committee on Standards
of Motion Pictures and
Newspapers.
BOOK REVIEWS 157
It is the opinion of this reviewer that
every young person in
high school--in fact every one of
America's newspaper readers,
could profit by studying this new book,
the first ever made for
training intelligent newspaper readers.
L. H. B.
Censorship, 1917. By James R. Mock. (Princeton, N. J.,
Princeton University Press, 1941. 250p.
$2.50.)
This book is the result of Dr. Mock's
research in the official
archives of the United States concerning
the first World War and
follows his previous book entitled Words
that Won the War, the
Story of the Committee on Public
Information. The book has a
direct message for Americans of the
present day, presenting the
story of America's censorship experience
in the last war and ex-
plaining its message for Americans of
the present. Back of the
World War the author surveys briefly the
story of censorship
starting with the Revolutionary War and
continuing down to the
present time. The author discusses in an
appealing way the effect
of wartime censorship after war is over.
He discusses spies and
traitors, Cables and Telegrams, Banned
Books, Soldiers, Sailors
and Censors, Scissors and Films, The
Censorship Board, the
position of the editor, the place of the
Post Office in censorship
and the "soap box" orator.
In his chapter "Aftermath or
Prologue" the author discusses
the latest threat to America's
democratic government, in carrying
over into peacetime repressive measures
arising during war. The
author, who is a member of the staff of
the National Archieves,
was for a number of years professor of
history in Findlay Col-
lege, Ohio. H. L.
George Keith, 1683-1716. By Ethyn
Williams Kirby. (New York,
D. Appleton-Centur Co., 1942. 177p.
$3.00).
This book was prepared and published
under the direction of
the American Historical Association from
the income of the Albert
158 OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND
HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
J. Beveridge Memorial Fund, and records
for the first time the
life of George Keith "a 17th
century Scottish teacher, writer, and
preacher whose influence touched many
phases of the life of his
time." Keith experienced a rather
unusual religious life and for
a time was very actively associated with
the Quaker movement.
He was closely associated with George
Fox, the founder of
Quakerism, and with William Penn and
other leading Quakers.
He was one of the first to formulate the
doctrine of Friends and
was an outstanding influence in
presenting and explaining the
principles of the society.
He made two trips to America and his
letters and journals
furnish much information on the social
and religious conditions
in the American colonies. He also
traveled extensively in Eng-
land and Europe. His religious views led
to a division in the
Society of Friends in America and this
schism had a far-reaching
effect in both parties, and led to the
organization of Keith's
sympathizers into a separate group
called the Christian Quakers,
and finally to Keith's alignment with
the Anglican Church.
The book shows exhaustive research and
makes available to
students of American history a
worthwhile biography.--H. L.
A
Forgotten Heritage. By Harry P. Davis. (Huntington,
W. Va., Standard Printing and Publishing
Co., 1941. 199p.
Illus.)
The inventive genius of our forefathers
produced a weapon
which not only provided for their
protection and food, but made
secure their freedom as well.
Not only in times such as these but in
times of peace we need
to cherish heritages such as the early
American rifle. Harry P.
Davis gives us the fascinating story of
the people who made and
used it. Frontier figures such as Boone,
Clark, Wetzel and Ken-
ton take new life in the pages of A
Forgotten Heritage. No at-
tempt has been made to explain the many
technicalities and com-
plications involved in the evolution of
firearms, but instead, Mr.
BOOK REVIEWS 159
Davis in simple narrative carries the
American rifle, known as
the "Kentucky Rifle," from its
birth to its death, filling the inter-
val with as many interesting facts as
space permits. As a result
it offers more to the interested layman
than to those seeking tech-
nical information. I highly recommend
this volume to those un-
familiar with this phase of frontier
life.
District Art Supervisor, W. P.
A. ROBERT C. WHEELER
Bloody Ground. By John F. Day. (Garden City, Doubleday
Doran and Company, 1941. xiii ?? 324p.
Illus. $3.00.)
"Too many people on too few acres,
and mighty rough acres
at that," is the author's way of
summing up the situation for the
eastern Kentucky mountains.
Bloody Ground is a misnomer--it should be "Bloody Hills"
or "Bloody Rocks." Ground is
something they haven't. This is
a story of a land and a people and their
effect upon one another.
A rugged land does not necessarily
produce a rugged people, at
least not where the machine age has made
its inroads. Feuds,
schools, snake cults, churches,
footwashings, hospitals, marriages,
delayed funerals and moonshining are all
a part of this book and
its people. The author tells the effects
of the encroachment of
civilization upon a once sturdy people
who for a century and a
half had enjoyed an independent life.
Who were these people?
Why did they settle there? What are they
now? John F. Day
answers all these questions and more.
Mr. Day is to be commended for his
excellent portrayal of
the mountain people. Every page is
evidence of a careful study
of them and their environment; this,
coupled with his cultivated
ability of descriptive prose, makes not
only informative, but en-
tertaining reading as well.
At times Mr. Day seems to delight in
bombarding certain
contemporary Kentucky writers who,
according to Mr. Day, are
painting the scene with sixteenth
century paint instead of that
160 OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
from the mail order catalogs. Is Mr. Day
justified in these at-
tacks? He presents a convincing
argument.
District Art Supervisor, W. P.
A. ROBERT C. WHEELER
Tibb's Flooders: A Tale of the Ohio
River Flood of 1937. By
Elisabeth Peck. (New York, House of Field, Inc., 1941.
224p. $1.75.)
The author of this story, a teacher at
Berea College, knows
well her Kentucky mountain folk and
portrays them with sympa-
thy and understanding, yet not without
realism. In reading of
thirteen-year-old Tibb, her spinster
sister, the darky refugees and
all the other colorful characters that
populate the sleepy town of
Hubben, one is somehow reminded of Myra
Kelly's Little Aliens.
Though the locale is so different, the
warmth, sentiment and hu-
mor are akin.
This is a tale of the Ohio River Flood
of 1937 and how
twenty-six Negroes from the flooded
lowlands of Louisville
(mostly women and children) were cared
for by the inhabitants
of the poor but respectable village of
Hubben. Tibb Powell,
who at thirteen complained bitterly that
it soured her to have to
live in "a grubby little country
town" of 400 where nothing ever
happened, and her sister, Sabrina, are
the moving spirits of the
story. Important also are Anne Lane, the
nurse, and Professor
Jones, the "furriner" whose
teachings at school filled Tibb with
such discontent. Then there is the small
town judge and Crock
Logan, the village politician. There is
Uncle Lige with his folk-
lore and Bud Hogg with his tall tales.
The refugees also assume
definite personalities, especially the
irrepressible twins and poor
little Jeff.
All the whimsy and small-townishness of
a southern moun-
tain community is deftly woven into this
tale. One gets glimpses
of kindliness and teamwork, of fierce
pride in the community, of
prejudices and narrowness, of amusing
ignorance interspersed
with keen understanding. The story is
labeled fiction but the
characters seem very real. B. E. J.
BOOK REVIEWS 161
Stuffed Saddlebags: The Life of
Martin Kundig, Priest, 1805-
1879. By the Rev. Peter Leo Johnson. (Milwaukee, The
Bruce Publishing Company, 1942. 297p.
$3.00.)
The author is a professor at St. Francis
Seminary, Wiscon-
sin, and editor of their magazine the Salesianum.
The book is in
four parts, the first dealing with
Martin Kundig's early youth and
education in Europe, 1805-1828; the second,
with the five years
spent in Ohio, 1828-1833; the third
deals with his career in Mich-
igan, 1833-1842; and fourth, the
Wisconsin period, 1842-1879.
The Ohio portion is small, being but two
short chapters, and
much of this is background material.
Taken as a whole the vol-
ume is, however; a contribution to the
church history of the Mid-
dle West.
Martin Kundig rode over the newly
completed Cumberland
Road to Zanesville, in 1828, thence to
Somerset in Perry County
where he stayed for a short time at the
Dominican monastery.
He then went to Bardstown, Kentucky,
where he studied the
English language and after several
months began his long career
as pastor and missionary. He was on the
faculty at Xavier Sem-
inary when it first opened in 1829 but at his own
request was
transferred to St. Martin's,
Fayetteville, Brown County, Ohio,
in 1830, where he remained for two
years. In 1832 he became a
traveling missionary to Germans in
southern Ohio and the next
year went to Detroit with his friend,
Frederic Rese, newly ele-
vated bishop of that diocese.
The author acknowledges his debt to a
manuscript by Isaac
Durward who began to gather material for
a life of Kundig before
the latter's death in 1879. Parts of the
Durward manuscript were
edited and published in the Salesianum
(1917-1919). A large
part of Durward's account was based upon
oral tradition. To this
the present author has added the fruits
of research in diaries,
letters, and other sources. The book
requires careful reading for
a great deal of supplementary material
of human interest is packed
into the narrative. A rather too scanty
index makes use of the
book for reference difficult but it does
not lessen the value of the
work in the hands of the student of
religious history.--W. D. O.
162 OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL
AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
Steady: A Baseball Story. By James and Marion Renick with il-
lustrations by Frederick Machetanz. (New
York, Charles
Scribner's Sons, 1942. 137p. $1.50.)
A third book by the Renicks centers
around a boy hero who
learns how to play a good game of
baseball through his contact
with older and more experienced players.
The hero of the first
two stories by these authors (Quarterly,
LI, 73) got the same en-
couragement from college basketball and
football players. This
time, George Jones, nicknamed Steady,
had the opportunity of
getting real tips on the game from
professional players in a Flor-
ida training camp. The story is well
developed for the juvenile,
winding up in a sandlot "world's
series." How the hero got to
the Florida training camp and how the
sandlot "world's series"
was organized, we will leave to the
reader.
The sixteen illustrations in the typical
Machetanz style are
not only decorative but many of them are
of real value to the
budding baseball player, for proper
stances are shown in the
drawings which the artist made from
models who knew the game.
W. D. O.
BOOK REVIEWS
Anthony Wayne: Trouble Shooter of the
American Revolution.
By Harry Emerson Wildes. (New York,
Harcourt, Brace
and Co., 1941. 514p. Illus. and
maps. $3.75.)
This volume is a biography written by
one who knows inti-
mately the Pennsylvania background of
the famous Revolutionary
hero. The author was born in the
neighboring state of Delaware,
holds a degree from the University of
Pennsylvania, and has
served as literary editor of the
Philadelphia Public Ledger. He,
moreover, has lived for many years at
Valley Forge in the heart
of the country which Wayne called home
during most of his life-
time and he has written volumes on
Valley Forge and the Dela-
ware (in the Rivers of America
Series).
The present volume is not a hasty,
journalistic production.
Rather, the author has, in painstaking
fashion, consulted practi-
cally all significant material which
exists in printed form and many
manuscript collections, especially the
Wayne Papers belonging to
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
and about five thousand
personal letters (which were commonly
believed to have been de-
stroyed) in the possession of the Wayne
family at the ancestral
home. He has, moreover, consulted many
persons who have a
specialized knowledge of certain aspects
of Wayne's life and has
personally visited practically every
spot with which Wayne's ca-
reer was connected.
He points out (p. 236) how during the
winter of 1781 an
eccentric friend, who was denied a
favor, mumbled that Wayne
apparently was "mad" or he
would have acted otherwise. The
nickname clung to Wayne, and later
generations have often jumped
at the conclusion that he was rash and
impetuous rather than the
bold but careful military strategist
that he actually was.
The military career of the
"trouble-shooter" is painstakingly
presented as he served the patriot cause
in the ill-fated invasion
of Canada, at Ticonderoga during the
long winter of 1776-77,
(143)