A Surgeon's Mate at Fort
Defiance:
The Journal of Joseph Gardner
Andrews
For the Year 1795--III
Edited by RICHARD C. KNOPF*
This is the third and last installment
of the Andrews journal. The
ague, which Andrews noted on August 21
had "commenced among
the soldiery of the Garrison," now
in September attacks in force. By
October 1 two-thirds of the ninety-four
persons on the post, including
Andrews, are affected with it. Then it
withdraws, though on October
29 twenty-three are still on the sick
list and on November 5, eighteen.
By December 1 the siege is over, but it
leaves two "convalescent"
and seven suffering from
"debilitas."
Although he is busy with his patients
and frequently doctoring
himself, Andrews' journal does not
suffer. A Shawnee chief deposits
with him his prized possessions before
going on his winter hunting,
and Andrews remarks that Indian
friendship can be very trouble-
some. "The first American Mercht.
that has passed since our resi-
dence at this post" stops on his
way to Detroit. A corporal arrives
from Greene Ville in search of his
wife, and finding her at the fort
in the keeping of a sergeant, loads
"him with thanks for his atten-
tion to her." "A private
lately enlisted" deserts, and Nekskorwetor,
"that faithful Shawanoe,"
returns the next day with his scalp, re-
ceiving, besides a twenty-dollar
gratuity, "many compliments from
the officers." Ensign Frothingham,
"after a tedious illness," dies
"without a pang," and Andrews
writes a case history and performs
an autopsy, concluding with the
observation that the ensign was
"temperate to a criminal
excess." The Christmas season is celebrated
with cannon, food, and liquor, and the
year and the journal end
with fifteen rounds of artillery and a
"Farewell 1795."
* The first and second installments of
the Andrews journal appeared in the two
preceding issues of the Quarterly, pages
57-86 and 159-186.
240
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
DIURNAL OCCURRENCES AT & NEAR FORT
DEFIANCE FOR THE
MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1795. SEPTEMBER,
1795. -- 30 DAYS.
1. A man, by the name of Griffith, of
Ens. Frothingham's detach-
ment, deserted from this post. The
Officers of the Garrison
(except Maj. Cushing) & Mr.
McDougall dined with us on
roasted pig. Two British deserters
arrived from below.
2. Dismissed Barney McCarney from my
service for repeated in-
ebriety--adopted John McGraw of the 3d
SL in his stead.
3. Dined at home free from Company--a
luxury we often pant
for, but seldom enjoy.
4. Delivered Mr McDougall 12 Dollars in
specie to take to Fort
Wayne & have them manufactured into
Table & tea spoons.
wrote to Doct Elliot. This Evening at
the request of Barney
McCarney, my late waiter, I gave him
chocolate & sugar suffic-
ient to supply him to Greeneville,
whither he is bound, as his
time of service will expire on the 11th
Current.
5. Mr. McDougall, on horse-back & a
Corpl. with a small party
& the two British Deserters, in
boats, departed for Fort Wayne.
6. Mr. McPherson & a Tuscarora
Indian arrived with white pris-
oners of each sex--Mr. McP. appears
desirous to balance the
mischief he has committed during the
Indian War--but am
afraid that 1000 good will not
obliterate his enormities.
7. Let the French Baker have 6 1/2 lbs
beef, for wch I am to receive
an equal quantity of bread. Major
Cushing is laid up with the
ague & fever--gave him an emetic
wch operated extremely well.
The Officers & Gent. of the
Garrison, excepting Major C.,
dined with our Mess on Calf's head
& this Country salt fish--
nothing but whiskey to drink--wrote to
Lieut Lee.
8. Mr. McPherson & the Tuscorora
Indian departed for Detroit,
& the white prisoners, save one,
for Greeneville, via Fort Wayne.
Signed as the 2d witness to what I
considered Ens. Peter Froth-
ingham's will. I was led to suspect it
from his requiring 3 wit-
nesses--Messrs. Pope & Strother
were the other two. Two boats
arrived, laden with apples, &c.
bought one hundred apples
@ 8/Y.C. Major Hunt recd. a Letter from
Mr. Kinsey, in wch
'tis observed that the French &
other people who have attended
the treaty say many things
disadvantageous to the United
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 241
States--That the Indians on being
interrogated by the British
Indn. Dept. respecting their treaty
with the Americans, look very
foolish & act equally awkward,
& assert they were compelled
by Genl. Wayne to sign the Articles.
This conduct of the Indns.
& other circumstances, Mr. K
remarks, leads him to suspect
that there is still some danger in
traversing the woods. The
French man (bearer of the letter) had
two kegs of spirits taken
from him by the Tawas, about six miles
westward of the British
post, at the foot of the rapids--Major
Cushing made very
liberal use of the C. peru.89 &
had no ague, but a pretty violent
fever.
9. Two boats, laden with flour, arrived
from Fort Wayne--recd.
a letter from Dr. Elliot--Am informed
that my friend Lee has
procured a furlough for home--Majr.
Cushing, tho' free from
the ague is much oppressed by some
Muskmelon & other vege-
tables imprudently taken at & after
dinner--Commenced a
letter to Doct Elliot, but having been
sent for by Majr. C.,
whose situation demanded my attention
till 11 oClock at night,
I was obliged to let pass the
opportunity.
10. The men who came in the boats from
Fort Wayne, departed
for that place this morning. Let the
Baker have 114 & 1/2 lbs
flour, for wch, our mess is to receive
143 Ibs & 2 oz. bread--
McGraw, my waiter, having the ague
& fever, & the service of
a waiter being indispensably necessary,
I procured Mason of the
3d. S.L. to supply his place. Ens.
Strother seized with the Inter-
mitting fever--administered an emetic
at the accession of the
hot fit. Majr. C., by dint of the
diffusible stimuli,90 is perfectly
recovered. 15 are now sick at this
place with the Intermittent
fever & not a particle of Hospital
Stores, nor more than
1/4 lb of C. peru. on hand--Some
mismanagement in some
quarter.
11. Major Hunt seized with the Intt.
fever--administered an emetic.
Plyed Mr. Strother with bark,
&c.--he has no ague & but a very
trifling fever.
12. Majr. Hunt having an aversion to
the C. peru. administered
89 Cinchona Peruviana, a cinchona bark.
90 Coxe's Philadelphia Medical
Dictionary (Philadelphia, 1808) gives as diffusible
stimulants "aether, electricity,
ammonia, &c."
242
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
wine, &c pretty copiously in the
intermission--he had consider-
able fever. Mr. Strother perfectly
recovered.
13. Received information, by the
Indian, who accompanied Mc-
Dougall to Fort Wayne, that Mr. McD.,
being on horseback,
left him & rode on towards this
place, being then about 1/2 way
between the two forts--from McD's not
yet having arrived,
we are somewhat apprehensive he has
missed the road. Adminis-
tered a purge of Calomel & Rhaei9l
to Majr. Hunt--it operates
lightly--no fever. Nekskorwetor
presented me, for the use of
our Mess, a turkey & 8
squirrels--invited him to participate
of them tomorrow.
14. Majr. Hunt had the ague & fever
from 10 oClock am until
about 3 pm. The Officers & Gent. of
the Garrison dine with me.
Mr. McDougall arrived about 4 oClock pm
& accounts for his
late arrival by observing that after
having waited in vain for
the Indn. to overtake him, he followed
the course of the river
(wch doubles the distance) for fear of
missing the way--that
his horse flagged & that he was
obliged to leave him at the
Delaware Camp (about 12 miles from
this) & take a Canoe--
that he had eat nothing for 3 days. he
was very unwell. Recd. a
letter from Doct. Elliot, in wch he
acknowledges to have re-
ceived of Mr McDougall 12 Dolls to be
manufactured into
spoons for me & engages to have
them made as soon as possible
--The Doct. mentions that on ye. 11th.
inst. the sick report of
Fort Wayne contained 75 sick--none
dangerous.
15. Twenty one sick at this place with
the Intt. fever; there being
but very little C. peru. & no
whiskey or other spirits in the
Garrison, am necessitated to have
recourse to the Dog-wood
bark in simple decoction.
16. Was afflicted with a most violent
fit of the ague & fever.
17. Having an idea that I should be
well enough to participate of
a roasted pig, we had one dressed; but
I, being attacked with
a violent fever just before Dinner, was
unable to enjoy it. Recd.
a Letter from Lieut. Lee.
18. Mr. Melvin,92 a young
Gentleman in Mr. McDougall's employ
91 Medicinal rhubarb.
92 James Melvin, a clerk of George
McDougall.
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 243
arrived from Detroit on business with
Mr. McD. He appears to
be a very genteel young fellow.
19. Mr. Melvin dined & supped with
us.
20. A Mr. Bondy departed for Detroit.93
Mr. B. having promised
me 100 apples last Evening & not
being able to fulfil his engage-
ment, declared he would present me with
200 on his return
to this place. A Mr. Stephenson of
Kentucky, who passed
this place some time since in pursuit
of his sister, (who has
been for several months kept by the
late Capt Monsee of the
British service) arrived from Detroit
with her--Blue Jacket
likewise arrived this day.
21. Blue Jacket dined with us. We had a
frost last night for the
first time this season. Mr. Melvin for
Detroit, & the Garrison
Interpreter on a visit to his father at
the river Raisin, departed
about sunset. The weather has been so
cold for 5 days past
that we have not been without fires in
our rooms for that space
of time.
22. The Officers of the Garrison
finding a total deficiency of Hos-
pital Stores & commiserating the
situation of the sick, amount-
ing to 36, for want thereof, procured 8
gallons of spirits for
the Hospital Department & became
responsible to Mr. Mc-
Dougall for the payment of the same,
provided he could not
recover it of the public. Corpl. Wycoff
seized with the remittent
fever & a sudden privation of
strength & speech, also a subsultus
tendinum94 accompanying--applied
a blister on each wrist &
one on his back & administered
camphorated julep--finding
however that his blisters would take no
hold, had recourse to
the semicupium,95 wch
produced a fine perspiration & occa-
sioned the blisters to take effect in
less than an hour--recovered
his speech & much abated the
subsultus tendinum.
23. Mr. McDougall recd. intelligence
that about 40 Putawatomes
from Washthenoc danced the war dance at
parson Burke's96 at
93 Possibly Joseph Bondy, a Detroit trader.
94 A twitching movement of the
tendons, particularly of the wrist.
95 A warm bath in which the patient was
immersed up to his waist.
96 Rev. Edmund Burke, who had
been sent to Detroit as vicar general and superior
of Catholic missions in Upper Canada in
1794. He seems to have been especially
interested in turning the Indians
against the Americans.
244
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
the river Raison & it was of course
imagined that they intended
shortly to commence depredations on the
Americans. Mr. Mc-
Dougall began to draw timber for his
buildings.
24. Mr. Strother, with a small party
departed, in a boat for Fort
Wayne for supplies; but having met
Lieut Campbell97 with
boats laden with provisions, he
lightened their boats & returned
with him. Mearnemsecoh arrived from
Swan Creek.
25. Had the ague & fever--Mr
Campbell dined with our Mess.
Corpl. Wycoff died.
26. Mr. McNiff arrived in a Canoe from
Fort Wayne; recd. a letter
from Doct. Elliot, accompanied with a
Keg of wine & 30 lbs
brown sugar for the use of the sick at
this place. Mr. McNiff
applied to me for the value of the
Canoe, in wch I descended
the river, & wch I borrowed of
Askwith & himself; but having
convinced him in presence of Mr
Campbell that I had fulfilled
my engagemts, with respect to it, he
was clearly of opinion
that I was by no means accountable for
the said boat. Recd. from
Detroit a Keg of wine forwarded by Mr.
Laselle to our mess,
agreeably to a memo. delivered him some
time since; But it is
miserable stuff to be sure.
27. Recd. a Keg of Apples forwarded by
Mr. Laselle as a compli-
ment to our mess; but it will illy
compensate for the bad quality
of the wine.
28. Mr. McNiff departed for Detroit,
after being detained yesterday
by a soldier taking his Canoe by
mistake & ascending the
Miamis several miles.
29. Had the ague & fever
excessively severe.
30. The Intermittents at this place are
extraordinarily rapid in de-
priving the patients of strength.
97 Joseph Campbell, of Pennsylvania, 2d
Sub Legion.
THE ANDREWS
JOURNAL 245
MET. OBS. NOTED
AT FORT DEFIANCE FOR THE
MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1795.
Dates Variations of
the weather Winds.
1. Fair & pleasant
- Cloudy - thunder - rain SW
2. Fair - Cloudy -
rain - fair Ditto
3. Fair & pleasant WNW
4. Fair & pleasant Ditto
5. Fair & pleasant S.E.
6. Fair & pleasant Ditto
7. Fair - cloudy -
small shower - fair - rain at night Ditto
8. Fair - cloudy -
cool NW
9. Cloudy - Fair SSW
10. Fair &
pleasant - thunder - Cloudy WSW
11. Cloudy - fair -
Cloudy East
12. Cloudy - rain -
thunder SW
13. Cloudy - dull -
fair - warm - pleasant SSW-South
14. Fair &
pleasant - overcast - shower - thunder SSW
15. Fair & cloudy
alternately West
16. Cloudy - rain SSW
17. Steady rain WSW
18. Cloudy - cool -
fair SSE
19. Fair - cool &
windy - cloudy - rain Ditto
20. Rain - cool &
windy - fair & rain alternately NE
21. Fair - cool Ditto
22. Fair - cool Ditto
23. Fair - cool NNW
24. Fair &
pleasant WNW
25. Fair &
pleasant South
26. Cloudy - rain P.M.
& chief of the night SW
27. Cloudy & fair
alternately WSW
28. Fair - Cloudy -
rain SW
29. Cloudy - foggy
morning - fair WSW
30. Foggy morning -
fair NW.
N.B. almost every
morng foggy.
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 247
DIURNAL OCCURRENCES AT & NEAR FORT
DEFIANCE FOR THE
MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1795. OCTOBER, 1795 -
31 DAYS.
1. Had the Ague & fever pretty
severely for a few hours.
2. The Garrison Interpreter &
several frenchmen with 5 horses
belonging to McDougall arrived--Some
onions, potatoes &
barley, with wch the horses were laden,
Mr. McD. presented
to our Mess.
3. Had the Ague & fever
violently--there are 55 sick at this place,
including officers. Information has
lately been recd. that there
are upwards of 500 sick at Greeneville
with Intermittents &
Remittents; & that at the British
post at the foot of the rapids
they are unable to mount a single
Centinel from the same
Causes. Am so unwell this day with the
ague & fever am unable
to attend the sick.
4. Dined at home on Calve's head &
roasted veal--Mr Le Fond,99
engaged to Mr. McDougall dined with us.
5. Had the Ague lightly, but the fever
pretty severely. Delivered
Mr. Vermette100 four empty
case bottles & an umbrella, (bor-
rowed of Mr. Robert Abbot the 29th last
June) agreeably to an
order of Mr. A's in favor of the bearer
for those articles.
6. Sent Mr. Commissary Wilson one pint
of wine did to Price,
his waiter.
7. Totally escaped the ague &
fever--flatter myself I shall be no
longer afflicted with that disorder.
Lent Major Cushing a bottle
of wine did to Whitehead, his waiter:
but it not being good
was returned.
8. The rivers very high. Recd.
intelligence by an indian that Genl.
Wayne with a large body of men, a great
number of Waggons
& Cattle was at Kettle's Town,
(about 30 miles in advance
of Greeneville) for the purpose of
building a block-house,
after wch, it was his intention to
proceed to Sandusky to erect
a Garrison at that place.101
99 Antoine Lafond, another clerk of
George McDougall.
100 Possibly Antoine Vermet.
101 On October 5 General Wayne had set
out from Greene Ville to erect a post
and storehouse at Girty's Town, which
stood at the head of navigation of the St.
Mary's River. It was one of several
posts he built at this time in the same area (and
not at Sandusky) to improve the service of supply to
the northern forts. The place
took its name from a trading post once
operated there by James Girty. It was evidently
known also as Kettle's Town. See Andrews' entry of
December 11.
248
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
9. 39 Sick exclusive of Officers &
their waiters. Mr. Le fond dined
with us on roasted turkey.
10. Majors Cushing & Hunt took a
ride a small distance for their
health--Mr. Campbell dined with us.
11. Lieut. Campbell breakfasted &
dined with us, after wch, he
departed by water for Fort
Wayne--presented him with half
a gallon of Spirits & a piece of
pork for the voyage. Sent Letters
to Doct. Elliot of that place, Doct.
Allison & Capt Britt of
Greeneville, wch last was in reply to a
letter recd. this Morning.
Major Cushing came to a full
ecclaircissement on our existing
difference & proposed that I should
unconditionally renew my
former intimacy with him, to wch I
cordially assented, as I
esteem him as a man of sense, of warmth
in his friendship &
of inveteracy in his hatred--This
reconciliation I conceive to
have been effected by the grateful
sensation he experienced for
my unremitted attention to him during
his illness, altho' at
the time I was extremely unwell myself.
12. Mr. Felix departed for
Detroit--charged him with a memo. to
procure three pounds green tea @ 12/NY
pr lb. 39 sick.
13 38 Sick--Our Mess dined at home.
14. Had the Ague & fever extremely
severe.
15. Mr. Pope dined with our Mess.
16. Had the Ague & fever severely.
Mr. Frothingham who for a
considerable time past has conceited he
could not walk & that
he had no appetite, came & dined
with our Mess on roasted
turkey, on wch he certainly did not
discover a very dainty sto-
mach.
17. A reconciliation between Major
Cushing & Lieut. Pope took
place in presence of Major Hunt, Capt.
Gaines, Ens. Strother,
Mr. McDougall & myself, who were
assembled at my room for
that purpose. The previous explanations
appeared by no means
in favor of Mr. Pope. Prepared &
delivered to Major Cushing
Letters for Doct. Allison & Capt
Webb; also a memo. & an
order for my subsistence for the year
1794. Recd a quantity of
mustard as a present from Major
Cushing.
18. Major Hunt recd from Mr Robert Abbot, of Detroit, a
Keg of
peaches, wch thro' mismanagement in the
packing were unfit
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 249
for use:And I received from the same
person a lb of hyson tea
& an excellent Codfish, the latter
was forwarded as a sample
of A Quintal102 he means to procure for
me. Major Cushing
was dissappointed from starting for
Greeneville, by an indian's
not arriving with a horse wch he had
promised. Had the Ague
very severely.
19. Major Cushing & Madam pro tem.
departed for Greeneville
under convoy of several indians. The
Gentlemen of the Gar-
rison except Ens. Frothingham, dined
with our Mess on Codfish,
& it certainly put me in mind of
old times.
20. Several Indians, who arrived from
below, inform that all those
of every tribe (with a few exceptions)
who can furnish them-
selves with Canoes, intend ascending
& settling near the heads
of the two rivers--The Gentlemen of the
Garrison, excepting
Maj. Hunt, Ens. Frothingham & the
Comissy, who were sick,
dined with Mr Pope's Mess. Had the Ague
& fever before day
& it continued till near 11 oClock.
21. The Gentlemen of the Garrison dined
with Capt. Gaines on
Codfish, where each guest displayed an
appetite adequate to
the stimulus.
22. Escaped the Ague, but the fever
continues an unwelcome com-
panion. Mearnemsecoh arrived with his
family & several
other Indians with all their baggage,
Utensils, &c. with an
intention of settling in the vicinity
of this post. Came a boat
from Fort Wayne laden with flour. recd.
a letter from Doct.
Elliot.
23. Mr. Pope departed by water for Fort
Wayne to procure a further
supply of flour, 52 head of cattle
having arrived the 22d.
inst.--sent a letter to Dr. Elliot. The
Officers of the Garrison,
excepting Ens. Frothingham, dined with
us on Turkey-soup,
baked & roasted racoons, a duck
& pheasant--very decent fare in
this wooden Country--Tetebokshey
informed us that Col.
McKee had so often importuned him, by
message, to descend
to Detroit, that he had finally
concluded to go & know what
he had to say; but that we need be under
no apprehensions of
his firm adherence to the treaty.
102 A hundredweight.
250
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
24. Amos Burroughs, of the 2d Sub
Legion, died of the Remittent
fever: The extreme debility induced by
the disorder operating
on a constitution in a state of great
depravity, occasioned by
a long course of intemperence; added to
the deficiency of proper
medicines & conveniences, proved
insuperable obstacles to an
happy issue of a disease, naturally
hazardous.
25. Capt. Gaines & Ensign Strother
dined with us on whortle-
berry pudding & roasted turkey; was
so very unwell myself
was obliged to confine myself to the
former dish. Mearnemse-
coh, a Shawanoe Chf, deposited with me
a bag of bullets &
a pr. of silver wrist-bands to preserve
for him 'till his return
from his winter hunting--Indian friendship
very troublesome.
26. Dined at home--supped & passed
the Evening at Cards with
Capt. Gaines.
27. Mearnemsecoh deposited with me
another pr. of silver wrist-
bands, a junk-bottle, a tongueless
horse-bell, a quantity of wam-
pum, a blk [black] silk hkchf, & a
blue coat; after wch, he
departed for his hunting ground.Capt.
Gaines dined with us on
turkey-soup--extremely unwell, insomuch
as to keep my bed
the whole day. Mr. Le fond, Mr
McDougall's clerk, departed
for the river raisonne.
28. Lectured Ensign Frothingham on the
impropriety & want of
politeness he discovered in having
thro' impatience, employed
a squaw to cure him of the Ague,
without having previously
notified me of his intention: He
acknowledged that she had
left him in statu quo, asked my
pardon & requested me once
more to attend him. pd. Mr. F. a bottle
wine borrowed by
Maj. Hunt.
29. An old Frenchman arrived from below
with a view of bettering
his fortune in the U. S.; he informs
that a number of Canoes
are on their way to this place. 23 Sick
I & R fevers.
30. Nekskorwetor arrived from below;
informs that there are many
Indians on the river, bound for this
post.
31. Pierre Menard (a private of the 3d
S L) & another man, having
called at the bakehouse to endeavour to
furnish themselves with
a boat to cross the river, (the baker
gave informn. to a french-
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 251
man & the latter to one of the
Centries) the latter was taken
& 4 men sent in pursuit of the
former, who is a deserter. The
Corporal, Soldier & the two Indians
who were dispatched in
pursuit of Pierre Menard, alias
Montour, a Deserter from Capt
H. Lewis Company of the 3d Sub Legion,
returned with the
fellow, who was sailing in a Canoe wch
he had stolen from
some Indians a few miles below this
place, with much deliber-
ation 'till he was hailed by the Corpl.
nearly opposite Snakes-
town, about nine miles below this post,
& ordered to surrender
himself, but he refusing, the Corpl.
told [him] that if he did
not do it immediately he would shoot
him; shoot & be d---
was the reply, on wch the Corpl snapped
his piece, but could
not discharge it, when an Indian (Peter
Raison, an Oneida)
raised his rifle & shot the
deserter thro' the fleshy part of his
buttock, wch caused him to fall into
the water; but on recovering
himself he attempted to load his rifle,
when the Corpl. told
him if he did not give up immediately
he would kill him; on
wch he surrendered & was bro't to
the Garrison, to the joy
of every good soldier.
252 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
MET. OBS. NOTED AT
FORT DEFIANCE FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1795.
Date Variations of the weather Winds.
1. Fair &
pleasant - foggy morning East
2. Foggy morning -
fair - cloudy - rain S.E.
3. Fair - Cloudy -
rain - windy Ditto
4. Windy & rain
all day Ditto
5. Cloudy - fair -
cloudy - rain Ditto
6. Cloudy - fair -
cloudy - rain WNW
7. Fair - cloudy -
rain - fair - wind Ditto
8. Fair &
pleasant NNW
9. Fair &
pleasant WSW
10. Fair - cloudy -
small shower Ditto
11. Fair - doudy -
rain SW
12. Fair - cloudy -
steady rain Ditto
13. Cloudy - steady
rain Ditto
14. Rain pretty
steadily WSW
15. Rain & wind
all day SSW
16. Cloudy NNW
17. Snow - wind -
rain - hail Ditto
18. Snow - fair &
cold Ditto
19. Rain - Cloudy -
fair Ditto
20. Fair &
pleasant ENE
21. Fair &
pleasant Ditto
22. Cloudy - rain -
fair & cloudy alternately Ditto
23. Fair - cloudy -
rain - fair & cloudy by turns NNW
24. Cloudy - fair -
overcast - fair West
25. Fair &
pleasant WNW
26. Fair &
pleasant East
27. Fair &
pleasant ESE
28. Fair &
pleasant Ditto
29. Fair, pleasant
& warm South
30. Fair & warm -
cloudy - rain SSW
31. Fair - Cloudy -
disagreeable SSE
254
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
DIURNAL OCCURRENCES AT & NEAR FORT
DEFIANCE, FOR THE
MONTH OF NOVR. 1795. NOVEMBER, 1795 - 30
DAYS.
1. Major Hunt paid Peter Raisin ten
Dollars for wounding &
apprehending a Deserter. passed the Eve
with Capt Gaines.
2. Extremely unwell all day. 40
Shawanoes arrived from below;
one of them having found a Map of
America & a speech of
Mr. Pickering to the Indians, (in 1792)
gave them to the
Commanding Officer here.
3. Lieut. Pope arrived from Fort Wayne
with a quantity of whis-
key; but was unable to procure any
flour, they having been at
half allowance of that article for some
time previous to his
arrival there. Mr. Abijah Hunt,
Merchant of Cincinnati arrived
with Mr Pope with an intention of
proceeding to Detroit on
business. Recd. Letters from Mr. Robert
Abbot, Mercht. Detroit,
Doct Elliot & Lieut. Massy103 of
Fort Wayne; also a flint
bottle of Raspberry jelly from Mrs.
Elliot. Mr. A. Hunt dined
with us.
4. Mr. Hunt dined with us on
whortle-berry pudding & roasted
Chickens.
5. 18 on the sick report. Delivered my
gold watch (cost 55 Dol-
lars) to Mr Abijah Hunt, to procure a
chrystal for it at Detroit:
Mr.McDougall was present at the
delivery of the watch: Also
gave Mr. Hunt a memo. for 8 gallons
best wine, 15 lbs English
Cheese & 12 yds. flannel for Major
Hunt & myself. Mr. A.
Hunt & Lieut. Pope dined with us on
Chicken & squirrel soup
& venison steaks; after wch Mr. H.
departed for Detroit; the
first American Mercht. that has passed
since our residence at
this post.
6. Dined at home on roasted venison.
The Major commenced
drawing timber for the house of that
faithful Shawanoe, Nek-
skorwetor.
7. Dined at home on whortle-berry
pudding & roasted venison.
8. Wrote, by a discharged soldier, to
Genl. Wayne, requesting a
furlough to visit Boston. If he
complies with my request, I
shall be happy--if not, I remain in
statu quo. 15 sick. Dined
with Messrs. Pope & Strother.
103 Ebenezer Massey, of Maryland, Artillerists and
Engineers.
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 255
9. A private of the 1st. S.L. by the
name of John Atwood died
of the typhus, attended with
Colliquative104 stools. 48 Shaw-
anoes arrived this day; so little flour
at this post, the men are put
at 1/2 allowance & the Indians draw
none at all.
10. A Monsr. La Plante105 arrived
this day with a barrel of Cyder
from Detroit; for wch he demanded the
exorbitant price of
161/4 Dolls.; The Gentlemen of the
Garrison, however consider-
ing it as a rarity, united & agreed
to purchase it, when, lo! the
man refused to receive bank notes in
payment. A Corporal of
Artillery, by the name of Paterson came
from Greeneville for
his wife, who lately returned from
Indian Captivity, in wch
state she had remained since St.
Clair's defeat. It seems that
on her arrival here that a Serjt. was
smitten with her & took
her into keeping; Paterson, instead of
reproaches, loaded him
with thanks for his attention to
her--Where women are scarce,
the men must not be dainty.
11. La Plante, having repented of his
refusal of paper, came &
offered to sell it, for bank-bills, at
the price proposed yesterday:
The Gent. of the Garrison (excepting
Major Hunt, who thought
it too extravagant) amounting to 9,
bought & shared it among
them. It averaged about 4 Gallons to
each person. It may well
be imagined that Madam Cloacina did not
want for Devotees
this day.
12. Several men, with upwards of 60
head of cattle arrived from
Fort Wayne. recd. a letter from Lieut.
Joseph H. Campbell of
the 2d. Sub-Legion, by wch we learn
that the Garrison has
been at half allowance of flour ever
since the departure of
Lieut. Pope from that post. From a
Letter written by Major
Cushing from Greeneville to Colo.
Hamtramck, & by the latter
forwarded to Major Hunt; that the
author has settled all diffi-
culties with Genl. Wayne: For it was
the general opinion that
Major C. was placed here under the
command of Major Hunt,
to mortify & punish him for his
imprudent & impolitic obser-
vations on the conduct of that General
& for his being a firm
adherent to Brigadier Genl. Wilkinson,
who it was supposed
104
Excessive to the point of exhaustion.
105 Possibly Jean Louis LaPlante.
256
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
had used his endeavours to raise a
party in opposition to the
C. in Chf.--for there was no
expressions more common than
Such an Officer is in favor of
Wayne--such a one in favor of
Wilkinson. Cushing, finding it hard to
kick against the pricks,
applied to Major Hunt, for a furlough
for the avowed purpose
of endeavouring a reconciliation with
the C. in Chf. & if he
should be successful, to ask him for
the command of this post, by
wch means Major Hunt might be enabled
to procure a furlough
to visit his family.
13. Monsr. Le fond, (Engage to Mr.
McDougall) departed for
the Hunting grounds, near the head of
the Glaize, with several
hundred pounds worth of Indian goods to
procure the peltry
in that quarter. The ice was of a very
considerable thickness last
night--Capt. Gaines & our Mess
dined with Messrs. Pope &
Strother on apple dumplings &
boiled beef. A Shawanoe woman
died on the other side of the
Glaize,--& the customary signal
(discharges of a rifle) was given to
announce the event.
14. Sent a letter to Mr Massy. Capt.
Gaines, Lieut. Pope, Ens.
Strother, QM Wilson dined with our Mess
on boiled fowl &
cabbage & roasted Chickens.
15. Dined at home; after wch Maj. Hunt,
Messrs. Pope, Strother,
McDougall, QM Wilson, Indian
Interpreter & myself, agree-
able to Capt. Gaines' invitation, went
over to his Quarters to
participate of some fine apple toddy.
16. Mr. Bondie bro't us a box of soap
from a Mr Forsyth106 on
a/c of Mr. John Kenzie of Detroit: the
wt. of it was 60 lbs.
the price 1/2 Dol. Maj. Hunt thinking
it an imposition to charge
4/ at the time that it was retailed at
3/ refused to keep it at
that price. Mr. Bondie presented me
with 200 apples agreeable
to his promise some time since
contracted.
17. Mr. Bondie, being informed, of our
just complaints respecting
the soap, did not hesitate to receive
it back & to give a receipt
for its redelivery. Mr. Bondie departed
for Fort Wayne; for-
warded, by him, letters to Col.
Hamtramck, Doct. Elliot &
Lieut. Campbell; likewise Cardinal
D'Ossat's life to the Col.
& a flint Bottle to Doct. Elliot.
106 Probably
William Forsyth or one of his six sons. William Forsyth was the
stepfather of John Kinzie. For many
years he kept a tavern at Detroit.
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 257
18. A perogue arrived from Fort Wayne,
by wch we learn that a
command of 22 packhorses came there
before they left that post.
19. Alexr. Grant, a private lately
enlisted by Mr Pope, deserted
from this post; Nekskorwetor &
another Shawanoe Indian,
being promised 10 Dolls for him alive,
or 20 for his scalp;
departed in pursuit of him. Mr. La
Fontaine, with 3 perogues
arrived from Detroit--Mr. La F. informs
that orders were
given to put all the Garrisons below in
the best repair, & that
he was present when 90000 shingles were
ordered to be pro-
cured for Fort Miamis--that a
reinforcement of troops was
daily expected & that the partial
acceptance of the treaty on
the part of the U. S. was considered as
rendering the whole
of none effect. Mr. La Fontaine dined
& supped with us.
20. Mr. La Fontaine breakfasted with
us--Major Hunt recd. a
2 gall. Keg of spirits impregnated with
peaches, (from Mr.
Baubien) wch I think is far preferable
to peach-brandy. Recd.
a letter from Mr Patrick McNiff &
another from Mr. Robert
Abbot of Detroit. Nekskorwetor, that
faithful Shawanoe, re-
turned with the scalp of Grant, who
deserted yesterday; he says
that he several times endeavoured to
get him to come up with
him; but being wearied with soliciting
him to no purpose; shot
him in the back as he attempted to fly,
& knocked him in the
head with a stone: He recd. 10 Dollars
from Major Hunt &
a likely gratuity from Lieut. Pope;
besides many compliments
from the officers. Recd. 1 bbl Cyder
& 233 lbs flour from Mr.
Robert Abbot. A fine fat beef was
killed this day wt. 335 lbs
wch Major Hunt took for our mess.
21. Dined at home.
22. Mr. Tappon Laselle arrived from
Detroit with 3 laden perogues
--he dined with us, & informed that
the British intend to erect
a Garrison at the mouth of the Miamis.
In the Evening, Mr.
Laselle retired to Mr. McDougall's
store, where after sacri-
ficing to Bacchus in a pretty liberal
manner, he conceived that
Venus was not to be neglected &
demanded a squaw--The
Interpreter, who, at present, sleeps
with Mr. McD. went out
to the Indian huts & bro't one, who
was blind of an eye & who,
besides many deformities, was upwards
of 60--but Laselle,
258
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
being at that time blind of both eyes,
took her in his arms &
afterwards to his bed, with as much
warmth & affection, as if
she had been the greatest belle on
earth: But such was his
mortification on beholding her in the
morning, that he pushed
her from his bed & refused to pay
her the fees of office.
23. Forwarded a letter to Mr Robert
Abbot. Mr Laselle departed
for Fort Wayne.
24. Mr. Melvin & Mr. A. Hunt
arrived from Detroit: they dined
with us--Mr. H. observes that the
British officers & Detroiters
used him with great politeness--he
returned my watch with
one chrystal affixed & a spare one
in case of accident--he ful-
filled our memo. & the articles are
on board Mr McDougall's
perogue--Mr. H. supped wth us.
25. Mr. McDougall presented me with a
phial ess. pip. men.107--
pd. the Comy. in full for 335 lbs beef
recd. 20th instant.
26. Dld. Mr. Hunt a memo. to procure a
fat beef & 2 hogs, to
send them to his agent at Fort Wayne to
be salted; & by him
forwarded to me as soon as possible.
Mr. H. departed.
27. A boat arrived from Fort Wayne
laden with salt. recd. Letters
from Lieuts. Lee & Campbell &
Dr. Elliot; also from the 3d.
3 table & 6 Silver tea spoons;
& from the 2d. a Keg of turnips
& 22 lbs hog's lard. Mr. Felix
arrived from Detroit.
28. Mr. Koko Lasell with 6 laden
perogues, arrived from Detroit.
Mr. Felix presented Major Hunt with
four pickled real white-
fish. The Gent. of the Garrison,
(excepting Ens. Frothingham)
Messrs. McDougall, Melvin & Lasell
dined with our mess, on
corned beef & cabbage, turnips
& potatoes; roast chickens &
beef; by way of dessert, Glouster
Cheese & Apples. Our Canoe
drifted down the river in the night,
owing to the neglect of
the Centinel.
29. Mr. Lasell departed for Fort Wayne;
forwarded a letter to
Lieut. Campbell. A Corporal &
several men were sent in pursuit
of the boat.
30. The men, who were sent in pursuit
of the Canoe, returned with
her; they having found her in
possession of some Indians about
10 miles down the Miamis.
107
Essence of peppermint.
THE ANDREWS
JOURNAL 259
MET. OBS. NOTED AT
FORT DEFIANCE, NOVEMBER 1795.
Date Variations of the weather. Winds
1. Cloudy - fair WSW
2. Fair &
pleasant - Cloudy & windy East-NNE
3. Fair &
pleasant - cold NNE
4. Fair &
pleasant Ditto
5. Cloudy - cool -
fair Ditto
6. Rain - cloudy SW
7. Cloudy - rain SSW
8. Rain - cloudy Ditto
9. Cloudy - cold -
fair NNE
10. Cloudy - fair
- cloudy - rain WSW
11. Cloudy - mist
- fair & cold WNW
12. fair & cold NNE
13. fair - cold -
cloudy - fair Ditto
14. Fair - overcast -
cloudy - rain ENE
15. Rain & windy
- rain, hail & wind at night SSE
16. Cloudy - rain -
unsettled SSW
17. Cloudy - fair
& pleasant West
18. Fair - cloudy -
rain SE
19. Fair &
pleasant West
20. Fair - cloudy
- rain at night Ditto
21. Steady rain Ditto-NW.
22. Fair & cold NW
23. Fair - Cloudy WNW
24. Rain - cloudy -
drizzly SW
25. Fair - cold - cloudy
- rain NE
26. Cloudy - snow -
fair NNE
27. Cloudy - steady
drizzling rain Ditto
28. Steady rain Ditto
29. Rain - fair - cloudy
- steady rain SSW
30. Cloudy - rain -
fair SE
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 261
DIURNAL OCCURRENCES AT & NEAR FORT
DEFIANCE, DURING THE
MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1795. DECEMBER, 1795
- 31 DAYS.
1. Wrote to Doctor Elliot. Mr. Robert
Abbot, (a mercht. of De-
troit) of the house James Abbot &
son, arrived from below
with a laden perogue--he tarries with
our Mess by invitation.
A very severe thunder shower about 2
oClock pm. Paid Mr.
Abbot 38 1/8 Dollars in full of all
demands.
2. Having an a/c open with Major Hunt;
assumed a debt of 6 3/4
Dollars, due from him to Robert Abbot,
of wch I this day paid
1 7/8 Doll.; not being able to settle
the whole for want of con-
venient change. Mr. Abbot departed for
Fort Wayne, taking a
letter from me to Lieut Campbell. A
boat, with a man & 2
women, arrived from Fort Wayne; by wch
was recd. a large
bundle of Phila. & other papers,
containing the pleasing intel-
ligence that the successes of the
French are equal to the impor-
tance of the object, for wch they have
so long & so nobly con-
tended.110
3. A boat arrived from Fort Wayne on
its way to Detroit. Our
mess & Mr. Melvin dined with Capt
Gaines on baked beef,
fry'd fish & hominy.
4 Capt. Gaines, with a Serjeant &
six privates, accompanied with
several indians, set off in the large
boat, in quest of some
cattle wch have from time to time
strayed from the droves
between Fort Wayne & this post,
& wch have been frequently
seen on the northern margin of the
Miamis, about half the
distance between the two forts. Messrs.
McDougall & Melvin
dined with us on boiled pike, corned
beef, potatoes, turnips &
cabbage.
5. Messrs. Pope, Strother, McDougall,
Melvin & QM Wilson
dined with our mess on the saddle of a
most excellent fawn.
6. Ensign Peter Frothingham, after a
tedious illness wch he did
not endure with that christian
fortitude, that his affectation of
religion seemed to induce an
expectation in the minds of his
Brother Officers; died this Evening
without a pang. Mr. F. came
110 Dispatches from Europe in the summer
of 1795 carried news of French military
victories and of peace treaties with
Spain and the German Empire.
262
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
on to this post the 31st. August last;
in a very few days after
his arrival, he shewed me an irruption
both on his upper &
lower extremities, wch he said was
caused two or three years
since by anointing with Ung. Merc.111
for the itch; I advised him
to a dose of salts & afterwards to
a saturnine lotion;112 but he,
having a quantity of medicines, lotions
& unguents almost equal
to the contents of my Chest, like a
person who has dabbled
sufficiently in medicine to render it a
dangerous tool; he seemed
determined to try a little of each of
his articles, expecting that
in so large a number, he could not fail
in finding the proper
remedy for his complaint, without
considering the ill effects that
would result from the variety: In fact,
by taking every morning,
for upwards of a fortnight, sal. Cath.
or Flor. Sulph.113 (con-
trary to my injunctions, to the advice
& reasons I repeatedly ad-
duced to dissuade him from such a
debilitating method of pro-
cedure) & other debilitating
methods he induced a dropsy, or
rather a very dangerous relapse; as he
informed me that he had
the anasarca114 last year.
About a fortnight before his death, he
declared to me that he would desist
from pursuing his own
course & would entirely throw his
life into my hands, with
the fullest confidence in my judgement:
But alas! it was then
too late--the age of miracles is over.
a constant depression
of spirits & a sense of his own
unworthiness for the other
world, conduced to accelerate a
disease, naturally rapid enough
without any additional incentives. By
permission of Major
Hunt, I opened the body of Mr.
Frothingham--in the stomach
was almost a total inanition--the
intestines appeared filled
with a purulent115 liquor,
rather darker than true pus. the
bladder was perfectly empty &
collapsed; notwithstanding the
patient complained yesterday that he
had not for several days
discharged any urine; & that he
derived no inconvenience from
that circumstance, as he felt no
provication to void it, altho'
he generally drank a quart of wine pr
day. The cellular sub-
111 Mercurial ointment.
112 Lead water.
113 sal. Cath., cathartic salt; Flor.
Sulph., flowers of sulphur.
114 A kind of dropsy, a widespread
swelling of the skin and subcutaneous connective
tissues due to the collection of fluid.
115
Pus-like.
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 263
stance of the scrotum was filled with a
yellowish water, as
likewise the penis, the heart on its
right auricle, discovered
a dark livid spot, about the size of a
crown piece: no other
preternatural appearance presenting, I
closed the body. Mr. F
was 20 years old; of the Methodist
persuasion--of a thin habit
--of a melancholic temperament--&
temperate to a criminal
excess. I neglected to observe that an
half pint of red blood or
fluid tinctured with red, was not
extravasated during the exam-
ination.
7. Messrs. Pope, Strother & QM
Wilson dined with us on roasted
venison & apple sauce. At four
oClock the funeral procession
moved from Mr. Frothingham's late
quarters--Ens. Strother
with a detachment in front of the
corps; Messrs. Pope, Mc-
Dougall, Melvin, QM Wilson, the Indian
Interpreter & myself
in the rear in couples proceeded to the
place of interment;
after he was deposited, 3 rounds from
the detachment were
fired & we returned to the gate of
the fort, where the detach-
ment halted & opened to the right
& left & suffered the gentle-
men to pass thro' them, after wch it
was dismissed; the Gent.
retired to our Quarters & drank a
glass of wine, eat a little
bread & cheese, smoked a pipe &
wished well to the soul of the
deceased.
8. Capt. Gaines & his party
returned after an unsuccessful attempt
to discover the haunts of the stray
cattle. 3 perogues arrived
from below, one belonging to Mr.
McDougall, another to Mr.
Lasell & the last to a Monsr. St.
Morris, in Mr. McDougall's
was an Engh. cheese & a Keg of
London particular for our
Mess: Also a trunk of Crockery, a
Mocock116 of glass ware
& a keg of paints for Dr Elliot,
wch was put into my charge.
bo't a pot of tamarinds belonging to
the estate of the late Ens.
Frothingham.
9. Mr. McDougall this morning
introduced to the acquaintance
of Major Hunt & myself a Monsr. St.
Morris, who appears to be
a polite man & who was so obliging
as to take on board his
perogue for Fort Wayne Dr Elliot's
mocock of glass ware &
116 A box, usually made of birchbark, used by the Indians for keeping food,
espe-
cially maple sugar.
264
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
keg of paint--wrote by Mr. St. M. to
Doct. Elliot--Mr. Lasell's
perogue started for Ft. Wayne at the
same time with that of
Monsr. St. M.
10. Major Hunt & the other
Gentlemen of the Garrison took
coffee with Mr. Commy Wilson this
afternoon--the first effort
of generosity wch he has exercised at
this post.
11. Wrote a Letter of introduction for
Mr. Melvin to the Comdt.
at Kettle alias Girty's town, without
having recd. information
who commanded at that post; being
confident if it was an old
officer he would recognize me; &
flattering myself that if it was
one of the new appointments that he
would have no objection
to oblige a brother officer.
12. Mr. Melvin departed for his
wintering at the headquarters of
the Glaize. Anthony Sheane set off in
pursuit of game for
Christmas.
13. Dined in quite a family way.
14. Messrs. Laselle & Barron
arrived from Detroit, who with all
the Gentlemen of the Garrison, except
Comy Wilson, dined
with our Mess. Lieut Charles Wright117
arrived from Fort
Wayne with two boats laden with flour
& whiskey--he dined
at our Quarters. Recd. Letters from
Lieuts. Massy & Campbell,
with 50 bricks from the latter & a
windsor chair from Capt
Porter.
15. The Interpreter arrived after an
unsuccessful hunt of three
days; we are under apprehensions that
Christmas will be a
meagre day. Lieut. Wright & Ens.
Strother embarked for Fort
Wayne. wrote to Doct. Elliot, Capt.
Porter & Lieuts. Massy &
Campbell--forwarded to the last Mr.
McDougall's a/c &
rect. [receipt] for 8 lbs brown sugar,
at 3/NY Cury amounting
to 3 Dolls. intending it as an offset
for 22 bls hog's lard recd
from Campbell some time since, &
requesting a receipt for the
same. Sent Doct. Elliot his trunk of
Crockery.
16. Messrs. Laselle & Barron
departed for Ft. Wayne. my heart,
was laid with bricks instead of unburnt
clay or rather mud.
Jno. Woods, a private of 2d. S.L. died
of debility about
12 o'Clock last night: the evening of
the same night I visited
17 Of Maryland, 3d Sub Legion.
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 265
him & found him sitting by the fire
far better than he had
been for several months.
17. Dined at home in the family way.
18. Thomas Grigg, a private of the 3d
Sub Legion, of extreme
debility & colliquative stools,
died this day; he has never been
able to perform more than two hours of
duty since his first ar-
rival. The Gentlemen of the Garrison,
in consequence of a pre-
vious invitation, dined with Mr Commy.
Wilson on boiled &
roasted beef & vegetables: nothing
but whiskey to drink--it is
necessary to remark that this violent
effort of liberality was ex-
torted by an observation I made that
the Gentlemen of the Gar-
rison deemed him a mean, covetous
fellow & that the little com-
plaisance he experienced from them was
entirely owning to
his conduct.
19. The ice, in cakes, floats pretty
plentifully down the Miamis,
while little or none is observable in
the Glaize--the same
remark was made last January.
20. Dined at home on roasted racoon,
wch would have eaten very
well but for the amazing quantity of
high scented fat. Snow
about 3 inches in depth.
21. The ice flows in great abundance,
down the Miamis & in a mod-
erate degree down the Glaize. A boat
arrived from Fort Wayne
by wch we are informed that Mr.
Strother arrived there the
19th inst.
22. The Gentlemen of the Garrison dined
with our Mess on boiled
beef, roast chickens & chicken pye.
23. Our mess dine in a family way.
24. Tetebokshey, or Glaize King, a
Delaware Chf, Capt Butler,
a Shawanoe Chf, & another Chf of
the Shawanoes, dined supped
& lodged at our Quarters--Venison
& racoons are bro't for
Christmas. An order issued for ushering
in the anniversal day
of the birth of our saviour with 15
rounds of the Artillery--
& to allow the soldiers an extra
jill of whiskey on the occasion.
25. Mr. Pope being anxious to catch the
first glympse of day to
commence the firing arose about 3 hours
before the usual time
& actually began the firing 1 1/2
hour too early & instead of
15 rounds, 19 were discharged. The
Officers & Gentlemen of
266
THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
the Garrison, Messieurs McDougall,
Felix & the Indian Chfs
who arrived yesterday, dined with our
Mess on boiled beef,
calves head, roasted Chickens, veal
& a Chicken Pie--Pancakes
&c. &c., & plenty of
excellent port & London particular: after
having demolished the contents of six
bottles we adjourned to
the front of the Garrison, where Lieut.
Pope, by permission of
Major Hunt, threw about 20 Shells,
about 3 of wch lost their
fuses, previous to bursting or rather
previous to the time at
wch they ought to have bursted: We then
returned & passed
the Evening at our Quarters in drinking
& smoaking till about
10 oClock; & what is remarkable,
that on this occasion not a
man was intoxicated.
26. Major Hunt & myself having
promised to our waiters a frolic if
they conducted well at Christmas, gave
them their whiskey &
necessary provision; & sending the
relics of yesterday up to
Mr. McDougall's, in Compy. with Capt.
Gaines, dined there
very happily; Mr. QM Wilson arrived
just after dinner & we
drank 4 bottles of wine at McDougalls
& took 4 others into the
Garrison, two of wch were drank at our
Quarters & 2 at Capt.
Gaines'; it may be supposed that at 9
oClock pm we all felt
lively. Mr. Pope out on a hunting
match.
27. Capt. Butler & the other
Shawanoe Chf. departed for their
town, Tetebokshey having left us
yesterday--Messrs. Pope
& Felix returned from hunting &
relieved us from the fears
we entertained of Mr. P's having got
lost in the woods; pre-
vious to their arrival Major Hunt had
one of the Arty pieces
discharged each quarter of an hour to
point out the direction
in wch the Garrison lay from the lost
party. Messrs. Pope,
McDougall, Capt. Gaines & Felix
dined with us on roasted
venison.
28. Am seized with a violent pain in my
right side & feel appre-
hensive of the pleurisy. Capt. Gaines
dined with us on roasted
venison. affixed a blister on the
pained side.
29. Feel the pain much abated altho'
the vesicatory plaster operated
merely as a rubefacient.118 Mr.
Pope dined with us on an excel-
lent piece of corned beef.
118
Vesicatory, blister producing;
rubefacient, reddening agent.
THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 267
30. Tetebokshey finding how finely he
had fared about Christmas,
was determined to be here in season to
celebrate the new year
by making his appearance this day. Mr.
McDougall & Tetebok-
shey likewise Mr. Felix dined at our
Quarters on boiled beef,
roasted duck & rabbit. Tetebokshey
informed us that Mr. Pope's
Lady had that morning introduced to the
world a young artil-
lerist: On the Gentlemen having applied
to Mr. Pope for the
usual fee, a gallon of wine, he
disavowed the child on a/c of
the time; his first connection being in
May last; & notwith-
standing all that could be said on the
subject, would not be
persuaded that it was possible for a
child to be born in less
than 9 from the conception. Settled in
full for the bread, wch
our Mess has recd. from Mr. Felix,
& let him have 188 1/8 lbs
flour in advance.
31. Recd. tickets of Mr. Felix for the
flour I advanced yesterday--
Tetebokshey dined with us on boiled
beef. Major Hunt issued
an order to introduce the approaching
year with 15 rounds
from the Artillery & for the men to
have an extra jill of
whiskey on that day. Farewell 1795;
Thou hast had thy career,
give way to thy more aged successor.
268 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
MET. OBS. NOTED AT
FORT DEFIANCE, DECEMR. 1795.
Date Variations of the weather. Winds
1. Overcast - Cloudy
- thunder - rain SE
2. Cloudy & fair
alternately NW
3. Fair & Cloudy
alternately WNW
4. Fair &
pleasant Ditto
5. Cloudy - fair Ditto
6. Fair - cloudy -
snow Ditto
7. Drizzling rain -
warm Ditto
8. Snow - Cloudy Ditto
9. Cloudy - fair South
10. Snow - Cloudy West
11. Cloudy - fair Ditto
12. Cloudy - rain -
thunder - steady rain ENE
13. Rain & Snow
alternately the whole day Ditto
14. Fair &
pleasant East
15. Cloudy - fair West
16. Fair - Cloudy -
windy WNW
17. Cloudy - snow -
fair Ditto
18. Cloudy - snow -
fair - Cloudy SW
19. Cloudy - fair -
snow - cloudy - snow East
20. Snow - Cloudy Ditto
21. Fair - Cloudy Ditto
22. Cloudy - fair -
cloudy SE
23. Steady rain SW
24. Cloudy WSW
25. Cloudy - snow in
the night Ditto
26. Snow - sleet ENE
27. Cloudy - cold
night NW
28. Fair &
pleasant WSW-SW
29. Fair - Cloudy -
snow East
30. Snow - Cloudy -
fair - thaw SSE
31. Almost steady
rain - SSW
A Surgeon's Mate at Fort
Defiance:
The Journal of Joseph Gardner
Andrews
For the Year 1795--III
Edited by RICHARD C. KNOPF*
This is the third and last installment
of the Andrews journal. The
ague, which Andrews noted on August 21
had "commenced among
the soldiery of the Garrison," now
in September attacks in force. By
October 1 two-thirds of the ninety-four
persons on the post, including
Andrews, are affected with it. Then it
withdraws, though on October
29 twenty-three are still on the sick
list and on November 5, eighteen.
By December 1 the siege is over, but it
leaves two "convalescent"
and seven suffering from
"debilitas."
Although he is busy with his patients
and frequently doctoring
himself, Andrews' journal does not
suffer. A Shawnee chief deposits
with him his prized possessions before
going on his winter hunting,
and Andrews remarks that Indian
friendship can be very trouble-
some. "The first American Mercht.
that has passed since our resi-
dence at this post" stops on his
way to Detroit. A corporal arrives
from Greene Ville in search of his
wife, and finding her at the fort
in the keeping of a sergeant, loads
"him with thanks for his atten-
tion to her." "A private
lately enlisted" deserts, and Nekskorwetor,
"that faithful Shawanoe,"
returns the next day with his scalp, re-
ceiving, besides a twenty-dollar
gratuity, "many compliments from
the officers." Ensign Frothingham,
"after a tedious illness," dies
"without a pang," and Andrews
writes a case history and performs
an autopsy, concluding with the
observation that the ensign was
"temperate to a criminal
excess." The Christmas season is celebrated
with cannon, food, and liquor, and the
year and the journal end
with fifteen rounds of artillery and a
"Farewell 1795."
* The first and second installments of
the Andrews journal appeared in the two
preceding issues of the Quarterly, pages
57-86 and 159-186.