NOTES
289
38 Scarborough states in his
autobiography that there were fifty-two in the class, but the
Oberlin Alumni Catalogue (Oberlin, 1937), gives fifty-three.
39 This was the last public appearance
of President Finney, who died a few days later,
August 16.
40 The former was the son of Henry
Grimke of South Carolina and Nancy Weston, a beautiful
family slave, and was graduated at
Princeton Seminary in 1878. He had a long pastorate at
the 15th Street Presbyterian Church,
Washington, D.C. Culp, born in Unionville, S. C., in
1852, served as a Presbyterian and
Congregational minister, after graduating from the seminary
in 1879, and later became a physician.
Edward H. Roberts, comp., Biographical Catalogue of the
Princeton Theological Seminary,
1815-1932 (Princeton, 1933), 321, 325.
41 For Cain's career, see Samuel D.
Smith, The Negro in Congress, 1870-1907 (Chapel Hill,
N. C., 1940) 43, 65-67, 93-94.
42 Francis B. Simkins and Robert H.
Woody, South Carolina During Reconstruction (Chapel
Hill, N. C., 1932), passim.
43 For this phase, see Daniel W. Hollis,
University of South Carolina (Columbia, S. C., 1956),
II, 61-80. Greener became associated for
a time with Howard University and later was United
States Consul at Vladivostok, Russia.
44 He received the M.A. in 1878. Alumni
Catalogue, Oberlin College (Oberlin, 1937), 27.
45 He was president of Wilberforce,
1863-76.
46 E. A. Miller, "History of
Educational Legislation in Ohio from 1803 to 1850," Ohio State
Archaeological and Historical
Quarterly, XXVII (1918), 7-142.
47 With some changes in 1853 these laws
remained on the statute books of Ohio until 1887.
48 For the general situation as to the
Negro in Ohio, see James H. Rodabaugh, "The Negro in
Ohio," Journal of Negro History,
XXXI (1946), 9-30.
49 Frederick A. McGinnis, A History
and an Interpretation of Wilberforce University (Wilber-
force, Ohio, 1941), 41-50.
50 Published by A. S. Barnes and Company, New York, in 1881.
51 Scarborough found that his students
were delighted to use a book written by their professor.
52 The Recorder had been started as the Christian Herald. J.
M. Buckley, A History of
Methodists in the U. S. (New York, 1907), 584.
53 McGinnis, Wilberforce University, 148-149.
54 Payne was made dean; President
Mitchell, professor of systematic theology and Hebrew;
the Rev. C. W. Priolean, professor of
historical and pastoral theology; and Scarborough, pro-
fessor of New Testament Greek and
literature. The home of President Mitchell was purchased
for the seminary.
55 Besides Washington, speakers were
President William Oxley Thompson of Ohio State
University, United States Senators
Joseph B. Foraker and Charles Dick, and the former speaker
of the national house of representatives
J. Warren Kiefer. During the commencement of 1907
the Carnegie Library at the university
was also dedicated. McGinnis, Wilberforce University, 74.
56 McGinnis, Wilberforce University, 68.
57 Booker T. Washington, "A Negro
College Town," World's Work, XIV (1907), 9361-9367.
58 McGinnis, Wilberforce University, 68-70.
59 W. S. Scarborough, Forty-Eighth
Annual Report of the President, Secretary and Treasurer
to the Trustees of Wilberforce
University (Wilberforce, Ohio, 1911),
3.
60 Scarborough raised all but the
$13,000 obtained through the efforts of Miss Hallie Q.
Brown.
61 McGinnis, Wilberforce University, 183.
62 After Scarborough's death Hastings
Hart declared it his opinion that the three greatest
colored men of the period were Frederick
Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and Scarborough,
"each great lights in their
respective spheres."
63 W. S. Scarborough, Wilberforce in
the War (Xenia, Ohio, 1918).
64 W. S. Scarborough, "Wilberforce
War Work," The Wilberforcian, I, No. 6 (March 1919).
URBAN RIVALRY AND
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
* Research for this article was
supported by the Social Science Research Council. An earlier
version of the paper was read at the
annual meeting of the Mississippi Valley Historical Asso-
ciation in April 1962. The author wishes
to thank Professors Richard C. Wade and Howard R.
Lamar, and his colleagues in the
department of history at Dartmouth College, for criticism and
suggestions.