Ohio History Journal

NOTES                                                                        73

 

 

gregational church. Albert Shaw, "The Shandon Centennial," Ohio Archaeological and

Historical Quarterly, XIV (1905), 6-7; Shaw, Ohio Manuscript, chap. 11, p. 1, chap. 14,

pp. 12-15; interview with Albert Shaw, Jr., May 10, 1962.

13. Shaw, Ohio Manuscript, chap. 9, pp. 30, 44-48, chap. 11, pp. 39-45, chap. 12, pp.

14-27, chap. 14, p. 7.

14. Shaw, Ohio Manuscript, chap. 11, p. 19, chap. 12, pp. 5-14, chap. 13, pp. 5-7;

Albert Shaw, Diary kept from January 1 to April 28, 1874, entries of January 1, 2,

17, and February 13, Shaw Diaries, Shaw Manuscripts.

15. The prohibition episode can be followed in Shaw, Ohio Manuscript, chap. 8,

pp. 40-45, chap. 13, p. 48, and in his Diary for 1874, where the entries of January 4,

12, February 12, March 5, 9, 10, 16, 17, 30, and April 14 are informative. For a con-

temporary study of this movement in its statewide aspects J. H. Beadle's The Women's

War on Whisky (Cincinnati, 1874) is available. The activities of the young Republican

drummer are related in Shaw, Ohio Manuscript, chap. 13, pp. 49-50, 55.

16. Shaw, Ohio Manuscript, chap. 10, pp. 1-46. Shaw devoted entire chapters to his

father and Williams.

17. Halstead, Story of the Halsteads, 99.

18. Miami was closed from 1873 to 1885. The loss of its once numerous southern

clientele in the years following the Civil War, plus the persistent emphasis on a

classical education in an age that had become interested in science, produced a serious

shortage of students. Money was also lacking, and without these ingredients of a

successful school M. U. had to close. Walter Havighurst, The Miami Years, 1809-1959

(New York, 1958), 134-136.

19. Shaw, Ohio Manuscript, chap. 12, pp. 1-2, 20; Shaw, Diary, January 16, 1874;

Mary Shaw Fisher to Shaw, April 8, 1882, Shaw Family Letters, Shaw Manuscripts.

 

CORRESPONDENCE OF W. H. TAFT AND J. C. HEMPHILL

 

1. See George E. Mowry, Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement (Madi-

son, Wis., 1947), Chaps. II-VII; Henry F. Pringle, The Life and Times of William

Howard Taft (New York, 1939), II, 728-729 (hereafter cited as Pringle, Taft); New

York Times, October 17, 1911; Theodore Roosevelt, "The Trusts, the People, and the

Square Deal," The Outlook, XCIX (November 18, 1911), 649-656; John Hays Hammond,

The Autobiography of John Hays Hammond (New York, 1935), II, 578.

2. The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, II, 29-30; Willard B. Gatewood,

"James Calvin Hemphill: Southern Critic of Woodrow Wilson, 1911-1912," Georgia

Review, XIII (1959), 378-382; Herbert Ravenel Sass, The Outspoken: 150 Years of the

News and Courier (Columbia, S.C., 1953), 75-76; C. Vann Woodward, Origins of the

New South, 1877-1913 (Baton Rouge, La., 1951), 469-470; Theodore Roosevelt to

Benjamin Wiggins, August 14, 1907, in Elting Morison, ed., The Letters of Theodore

Roosevelt (Cambridge, Mass., 1951-55), V, 751n.

3. Gatewood, "James Calvin Hemphill," 380-384; see also Arthur S. Link, Wilson:

The Road to the White House (Princeton, N. J., 1947), 102, 339-340, 378.

4. See William H. Taft, Political Issues and Outlooks (New York, 1909), 176-187,

225-239; E. M. Coulter, "The Attempts of William Howard Taft to Break the Solid

South," Georgia Historical Review, XIX (1935), 134-144; "Mr. Taft's Southern Ap-

pointments," Literary Digest, XXXVIII (June 5, 1909), 952-954; William Howard Taft

to James Calvin Hemphill, December 26, 1907, Hemphill to Taft, November 7, 1908,

Taft to Hemphill, November 30, 1908, James Calvin Hemphill Papers, Duke University

Library, Durham, North Carolina. All letters cited here are in this collection.

5. Taft to Hemphill, February 25, 1910; Hemphill to Taft, December 11, 1911;

Archibald Butt, Taft and Roosevelt: The Intimate Letters of Archie Butt, Military

Aide (New York, 1930), I, 96, 294-296.

6. In 1909 Hemphill suggested in the News and Courier that Taft should assume

the leadership in a new "alignment of political forces," i. e., a new party shorn of

the "bitterness of Republican machines and the expediencies of the Democratic camp."

Quoted in Literary Digest, XXXVIII (1909), 953.

7. Hemphill to Taft, February 20, 1909; Charles D. Hilles to Hemphill, September 20,

1912; Taft to Hemphill, June 27, 1910; J. Rion McKissick, Men and Women of Carolina:

Selected Addresses and Papers of J. Rion McKissick (Columbia, S. C., 1948), 70.

8. Hemphill to Taft, November 13, 1911.

9. Taft to Hemphill, November 16, 1911.

10. Hemphill became editor of the Charlotte Daily Observer on November 1, 1911.

11. Taft apparently believed that North Carolina, more than any other southern

state, offered the best hope for a Republican renaissance in the Solid South.

12. The progressive Republicans had suspected the sincerity of Taft's statements in

• 1
 

74                                                            OHIO HISTORY

 

 

behalf of a low tariff ever since his endorsement of the Payne-Aldrich act of 1909.

Then, in 1911 this suspicion deepened when Taft vetoed a series of tariff bills passed by

a coalition of progressive Republicans and Democrats in an effort to revise the Payne-

Aldrich act, schedule by schedule. The president claimed that these "pop-gun" tariff

Hills were political rather than "scientific" and that nothing should be done until his

tariff board made its report in December 1911. See Mowry, Theodore Roosevelt and the

Progressive Movement, 167-168; Pringle, Taft, 724-728.

13. Taft here refers to the idea of federal regulation of trusts propounded by

Roosevelt in his famous Osawatomie speech of 1910 as opposed to his own idea of

trust-busting.

14. During the campaign of 1908 Taft had endorsed a proposal calling for national

incorporation of large businesses. In the autumn of 1911 he presented such a measure

to congress as a supplement to the Sherman antitrust act. It failed to pass partly

because of Taft's lukewarm support and partly because of a fear among certain

congressmen that it would weaken the Sherman act. See George E. Mowry, The Era of

Theodore Roosevelt, 1900-1912 (New York, 1958), 286-287.

15. For an illuminating account of Taft's tour, see Butt, Taft and Roosevelt, II,

755-765.

16. The vigorous antitrust campaign by Taft's attorney general, George W. Wicker-

sham, especially the suit against the United States Steel Corporation, had provoked

loud "growls" on Wall Street.

17. According to Taft's biographer, the tariff board was his "personal creation,"

existing without specific authorization of congress and depending for its existence

wholly upon congressional appropriations for funds. In 1911 the board consisted of five

members, three Republicans and two Democrats. See Pringle, Taft, II, 599-600.

18. Charles D. Hilles, assistant secretary of the treasury and later secretary to

President Taft, became chairman of the Republican national committee in 1912.

19. Walter L. Houser, secretary of state of Wisconsin (1903-7), was manager of the

National Progressive Republican League and of La Follette's campaign.

20. Albert B. Cummins, governor of Iowa from 1902 until 1908, had been elected

United States Senator in the latter year.

21. The elections in Ohio on November 7, 1911, were interpreted as a major victory

for progressivism. Newton D. Baker and Brand Whitlock were elected mayors of

Cleveland and Toledo respectively, and the majority of the delegates elected to the

state constitutional convention were progressives. See "Other Ohio Cities," American

Review of Reviews, XLIV (1911), 653; Belle C. La Follette and Fola La Follette,

Robert M. La Follette (New York, 1953), I, 357-361 (hereafter cited as La Follette,

Robert La Follette).

22. Midwestern progressives, led by La Follette, opposed Taft's reciprocity treaty

with Canada, although it lowered tariffs. They opposed the measure on the premise that

it sacrificed western farmers for the sake of eastern manufacturers. See Mowry, The

Era of Theodore Roosevelt, 283-285.

23. A conference of leading progressives met in Chicago on October 16, 1911, upon a

call issued by the National Progressive Republican League. The conference endorsed

Robert La Follette as its candidate for the Republican nomination in 1912. New York

Times, October 17, 18, 1911.

24. James R. Garfield a son of President Garfield, had been Roosevelt's commissioner

of corporations and secretary of the interior. Apparently Roosevelt was disturbed by

Taft's failure to retain Garfield in the cabinet. See Oscar S. Straus, Under Four

Administrations: From Cleveland to Taft (Boston, 1922), 264, 288.

25. Garfield had indeed visited Roosevelt on October 10, 1911, and at the conference

of progressives in Chicago six days later, he "vigorously protested" the endorsement of

La Follette's candidacy. See La Follette, Robert La Follette, I, 353.

26. Taft here refers to Hemphill's Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church.

27. Jonathan Bourne, Jr., Republican senator from Oregon (1907-13), was a founder

of the National Progressive Republican League and an ally of La Follette.

28. See Pringle, Taft, II, 712-713.

29. While a student at the Cincinnati Law School in 1878, Taft had a part-time job

as a reporter on Murat Halstead's Cincinnati Commercial. Pringle, Taft, I, 50.

30. Taft was scheduled to address a Good Roads Convention in Richmond, Virginia,

on November 20, 1911. Illness forced the president to cancel his visit at the last

minute. W. T. Dabney to Hemphill, November 17, 1911; Taft to Hemphill, November 19,

1911; Butt, Taft and Roosevelt, II, 764-765.

31. Ever since Taft had entered the White House, Hemphill had sent him copies of

his paper.

32. New York Times, December 6, 1911.

33. Hemphill to Taft, December 6, 1911.

34. Hemphill to Taft, December 12, 1911; Charlotte Daily Observer, December 7, 8,

1911.

• 2
 

NOTES                                                                        75

 

 

35. For detailed accounts of the Manhattan Club affair, see Link, Wilson: Road to

the White House, 359-380; Gatewood, "James Calvin Hemphill," 382-391.

36. Hemphill to Taft, January 1, 1912.

37. Among Taft's favorite schemes for the promotion of world peace was the negotia-

tion of arbitration treaties between the United States and other nations.

38. Butt, Taft and Roosevelt, II, 754-755.

39. Taft to Hemphill, January 3, 1912.

40. Actually the story of the Harvey-Wilson break which appeared in the Daily

Observer on January 5, 1912, was the work of three individuals, Hemphill, Harvey, and

Watterson. Watterson told Hemphill about the Manhattan Club meeting during his visit

to Charlotte in behalf of the arbitration treaties. From this point on, Hemphill and

Watterson plotted their strategy in consultation with Harvey. All three contributed to

the contents of the article and agreed to the timing of its publication. See Gatewood,

"James Calvin Hemphill," 384-386.

41. Hemphill to Taft, January 5, 1912.

42. Taft to Hemphill, January 17, 1912.

43. Hemphill to Watterson, January 15, 1912; Hemphill to Harvey, January 17, 1912.

44. Hemphill to Taft, January 18, 1912.

45. See Link, Wilson: Road to the White House, 372-374; William    R. Thayer,

Theodore Roosevelt: An Intimate Biography (Boston, 1919), 351-355.

46. Hemphill to Taft, February 26, 1912.

47. Hemphill to Taft, March 9, 1912.

48. In Toledo, Ohio, on March 8, 1912, President Taft severely criticized the recall of

judges and judicial decisions as dangerous to "well-ordered freedom." Roosevelt had

earlier advocated the recall. See New York Times, March 9, 1912.

49. Medill McCormick, publisher of the Chicago Tribune, had originally favored the

nomination of La Follette but switched his support to Roosevelt.

50. See Francis G. Wickware, ed., The American Yearbook: A Record of Events

and Progress, 1912 (New York, 1913), 7 (hereafter cited as American Yearbook, 1912).

51. Hemphill to Taft, April 10, 1912.

52. Taft to Hemphill, April 12, 1912.

53. William Lorimer was elected senator from Illinois in 1909 under allegedly

questionable circumstances. Widespread charges of corruption led to a senate investiga-

tion. On March 1, 1911, Lorimer was declared by the senate to be the duly elected

senator from Illinois.

54. Boies Penrose had been senator from Pennsylvania since 1897.

55. Roosevelt won sixty-five pledged delegates in Pennsylvania. Observers at the time

interpreted this event to mean that Roosevelt's forces directed by William Flinn had

utterly routed the Taft organization under Penrose. See Mowry, Theodore Roosevelt and

the Progressive Movement, 233.

56. Charlotte Daily Observer, April 17, 21, 1912.

57. Taft to Hemphill, April 19, 1912.

58. See James C. Hemphill, "Sincerity vs. Hypocrisy: Taft vs. Roosevelt," Harper's

Weekly, May 4, 1912, pp. 8, 20.

59. Taft to Hemphill, April 30, 1912.

60. American Yearbook, 1912, pp. 9-10.

61. Hemphill to Taft, May 23, 1912.

62. Taft to Hemphill, May 26, 1912.

63. See Mowry, Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement, 240-255; New

York Times, June 22, 28, July 3, 1912; Adolph Ochs to Hemphill, May 31, 1912;

Gatewood, "James Calvin Hemphill," 391-392.

64. Hemphill left the New York Times to accept a position on the staff of the

Philadelphia Public Ledger in the spring of 1913. The following year he quit the

Ledger to engage in "special literary work for various newspapers" on a short-term

basis. In 1919 he returned to his native South Carolina to edit the Journal and Carolina

Spartan in Spartanburg.

65. See especially Hemphill to Taft, October 7, 1915, Taft to Hemphill, October 9,

1915.

66. Taft to W. P. Greene, November 20, 1927 (telegram).

Credit for the photographs of Taft and Hemphill on page 35 belongs to the Ohio

Historical Society and the Charleston News and Courier, respectively.

 

WAITING FOR THE WAR'S END

 

1. Most of the following information about Ames has been culled from a packet of

clippings, official appointments, and other memorabilia in the possession of his great-

• 3