270 OHIO
HISTORY
No. 7820; Henry Howe, Historical
Collections of Ohio (Cincinnati, 1907), I, 406. Howe
notes that his son's death almost broke
the father's heart.
30. Letters Patent No. 6775, October 9,
1849. See also "Personal Recollections of
Early Springfield," Told by Squire
J. J. Synder, Yester Year in Clark County (Spring-
field, 1948), II, 22-23.
31. Howe, Historical Collections, I,
406. See illustration, p. 206.
32. "Personal Recollections of
Early Springfield," 23.
33. Letters Patent No. 34,150, January
14, 1862. A very brief analysis of the wheel
may be found in James E. Frankart,
"The Industrial Rise of Springfield, Ohio," Seminar
paper in Ohio history, Miami University,
1961. Leffel received a re-issue of the original
patent in 1864; it involved minor
improvements, Letters Patent, Reissue No. 1,791,
October 11, 1864.
34. Howe, Historical Collections, I,
406.
35. "Personal Recollections of
Early Springfield," 23; see also comments of H. P.
Bradbury in Yester Year in Clark
County (Springfield, 1949), III, 23.
36. Springfield News, May 3,
1862. For a brief comment on Kindleberger, see Abram
Ludlow's recollections in Yester Year
in Springfield (Springfield, 1948), II, 5, 6.
37. Springfield News, May 3,
1862. For specific details on the performance of the
wheel, see James Leffel's Hydraulic Note
Book, Leffel Papers.
38. Ralph H. Gabriel, The Epic of
Industry (New Haven, 1926), 121.
39. James Leffel, Hydraulic Note Book.
40. Letters Patent No. 34,150, January
14, 1862.
41. Statement of J. Robert Groff,
President and General Manager, The James Leffel
& Company, July 14, 1966.
42. Ibid.
43. Springfield News, July 14,
1862.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid., December 27, 1862.
46. Ibid., March 3, 1863.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid., December 24, 1863.
49. Ibid., February 27, 1864.
50. Ibid., March 8, 1864.
51. F. M. Bookwalter to A. F. Sparks,
January 20, 1922. Leffel Manuscripts Collec-
tion, The James Leffel and Company,
Springfield, Ohio.
52. Beers, History of Clark County, 472,
543; William M. Rockel, 20th Century
History of Springfield, and Clark
County, Ohio (Chicago, 1908), 518.
53. Bookwalter to Sparks, January 20,
1922.
54. Order Book, Leffel Collection, Springfield.
55. For comments on durability of the
wheel, see Illustrated and Descriptive Pam-
phlet, 72.
56. Ninth Census of the United
States, Schedule 4, Production of Industry, Clark
County; in State Library of Ohio.
THE CHILLICOTHE
GERMANS
1. A source of information often relied
on for the early history of the Germans in
the United States is a German-language
periodical, Der Deutsche Pionier, published in
Cincinnati from 1869 to 1887. A series
of articles which it ran in 1875 under the title
"Die Deutschen Pioniere des
Scioto-Thales" has proved, however, to be at times
untrustworthy. In reference to the War
of 1812-14 passage used by Albert B. Faust in
The German Element in the United
States (Boston, 1909), I, 423-424, the
information
given appears likely to be incorrect.
2. The statements concerning German
families in Chillicothe are based on data
derived from the manuscript census
returns, available on microfilm made from the
original returns in the National
Archives. The census of 1850, which was the first to list
place of birth, shows 1,298 families in
Chillicothe, of which by actual count, 403, or 31
percent were those whose head was born
in German-speaking countries. (The figure
403 does not include French and Swiss
families, the great majority of which bore
German names.) Of these 403 families,
290 contained one or more children not born
abroad, virtually all of them having
been born in Ohio and, presumably, the greater
proportion in Chillicothe.
In 1910, out of a total population of
14,508, Chillicothe had 424 German-born and
1,255 native-born whose parents were
both born in Germany. Thirteenth Census of the
United States, 1910: Population, III, 420.
The following is a graphic picture of
the population breakdown. Information pertain-