NOTES
273
mitted to the local postmaster until
such time as the government, convinced of loyalty,
would issue a permit exempting it. Dual
language coverage was expensive and cumber-
some and the law had as its specific
purpose not so much censorship as the death of
certain papers. This fact becomes clear
when it is realized that some papers had their
permits within weeks, and returned to
German-language war coverage only, whereas
others never received them at all, often
because they lacked the necessary "connections."
See Carl Wittke, The German-Language
Press in America (Lexington, 1957), 262-291.
53. Unsere Zeit, October 19,
1917.
BAKER ON THE FIFTH
BALLOT?
THE DEMOCRATIC
ALTERNATIVE: 1932
The author is indebted to the Rutgers
University Research Council and to the Penrose
Fund of the American Philosophical
Society for grants which, in part, financed the
research for this article.
1. John W. Davis to Newton D. Baker,
July 5, 1932. Box 84, Baker Papers, Library
of Congress. Jouett Shouse to Baker,
July 7, 1932. Ibid., Box 85. Joseph Proskauer to
Baker, July [?], 1932. Ibid., Box
192. On April 30, 1932, Edward M. House wrote Walter
Lippmann that "... I am sure that
many of those close to the Governor [Roosevelt] feel
about Newton Baker as I do, that if the
nomination does not go to our man [Roosevelt]
it should go to him [Baker]." Copy
in Baker Papers, Box 116. See also, House to Ralph
Hayes, May 4, 1932. Ibid. Louis
Brownlow was similarly convinced that Baker was the
most acceptable alternative to
Roosevelt; see Robert Woolley to House, March 23, 1931.
House Papers, Yale University Library.
Thomas J. Walsh of Montana, a Roosevelt
supporter, also regarded Baker as the
logical alternative; Walsh to James R. Bennett, Jr.,
April 8, 1931. Box 382, Walsh Papers,
Library of Congress.
2. William E. Dodd to Josephus Daniels,
December 22, 1931; Daniels to Hon. W. A.
Ayres, November 28, 1931; and Cordell
Hull to Daniels, February 29, 1932. Boxes 660
and 661, Daniels Papers, Library of
Congress. Cordell Hull to William G. McAdoo,
January 21, 1932. Box 364, McAdoo
Papers, Library of Congress. McAdoo to House,
January 10, 1931; Robert W. Woolley to House,
October 6, 1931, House Papers. Raymond
Moley to Mrs. Malcolm L. McBride, May
11, 1932, Moley Papers, in Mr. Moley's
possession.
Hull, e.g., wrote Josephus Daniels on
February 29, 1932, "I think the leadership of
the combined opposition to Roosevelt is
and will continue to be in the Smith-Raskob-
Du Pont group, which according to my
belief favors a virtual merger of the two old
parties except as to prohibition. Should
they succeed in destroying the candidate far
out in front and who stands in their way
[Roosevelt], they would then dominate all
further proceedings and nominate
whomsoever they want." The result, Hull feared, might
well be the dissolution of the
Democratic party after 1932. Hull, it will be recalled, was
then Senator from Tennessee and had been
chairman of the Democratic National Com-
mittee for some time in the 1920's.
Daniels was editor of the Raleigh, N. C., News and
Observer and had served as Wilson's Secretary of the Navy.
3. Moley interview, September 1963, tape
recorded; Tom L. Johnson, My Story, Eliza-
beth J. Houser, ed. (New York, 1913),
126,139, 172-73, 251-56, and 259-61. The best
general works available on Baker's
career are: Frederick Palmer, Newton D. Baker:
America at War, 2 vols. (New York, 1931); Daniel R. Beaver, Newton
D. Baker and
the American War Effort, 1917-1919 (Lincoln, 1966); and C. H. Cramer, Newton D.
Baker (Cleveland, 1961).
4. "The Candidacy of Franklin D.
Roosevelt," New York Herald Tribune, January
9, 1932.
5. Hayes to Baker, November 12, 1931.
Box 115, Baker Papers. "Yesterday I had
luncheon with Lippmann," Hayes
wrote, "who is brooding over how his space in the
paper can be most effectively useful to
you."
6. George F. Milton to J. F. T.
O'Connor, July [?], 1932. Box 370, McAdoo Papers.
Milton to McAdoo, February 26, 1932. Ibid.,
Box 366. William E. Dodd to Baker,
March 24, 1932. Box 87, Baker Papers. D.
F. Houston to Josephus Daniels, March 8,
1932. Box 665, Daniels Papers.
David F. Houston, who in 1932 was
president of the Mutual Life Insurance Company
of New York, wrote, "I do not care
for Roosevelt as a nominee. I think he has very
limited ability and that he is
enormously ambitious. In many directions he shows bad
judgment and lack of courage. He sadly failed to take a
position of firm leadership in
the mess in this city [New York] due to
the Tammany bosses. He seems to wish to
run with the hare and hunt with the
hounds. If I had to select a candidate right now, I
think I should prefer Newton
Baker."
7. Interview with Raymond Moley,
September, 1963.
8. Franklin D. Roosevelt to Daniels, May
14, 1932. Box 15, Daniels Papers.
9. Daniels to William E. Dodd, April 16,
1932. Ibid., Box 664.