Ohio History Journal

NOTES                                                                      173

 

30. Halstead to Harrison, March 19, 1889; Halstead to J. M. Dalzell, March 8, 1889,

copy, Harrison Papers.

31. Halstead to Harrison, January 19, 1889, Harrison Papers.

32. Commercial Gazette, March 24, 28, 1889; New York Times, March 26, 27, 1889.

33. Stanley P. Hirshson, Farewell to the Bloody Shirt (Bloomington, Indiana, 1966),

135-142.

34. Richard Smith to John Sherman, March 28, 1889; Smith to Sherman, n.d.; Henry

Watterson to Sherman, n.d., John Sherman Papers, Library of Congress. Some com-

mentators suggested that the editor's nomination had now become an embarrassment

to Harrison and should be withdrawn before the Senate voted to reconsider, but Hal-

stead demanded that "his flag be not hauled down under fire." Richard Smith to Sher-

man, March 29, 1889, Sherman Papers.

35. Commercial Gazette, March 29, 1889; New York Times, March 29, 1889.

36. Ibid., March 30, 1889.

37. J. C. S. Blackburn to Halstead, March 31, 1889, Halstead Papers. The New

York Times suggests that Henry Watterson had been able to "assert control over Mr.

Blackburn," while Call's motives could be traced to desires for patronage in Florida.

New York Times, March 31, 1889.

38. It was generally believed that Senator Quay's vote was a protest against Har-

rison for the President's failure to name a member of the Quay machine as postmaster

at Philadelphia. Ibid.

39. Ibid., March 29, 1889; Commercial Gazette, March 31, 1889; James E. Pollard,

The Presidents and the Press (New York, 1947), 543; New York Epoch, n.d., Hal-

stead Papers.

40. Commercial Gazette, March 31, 1889.

41. Ibid.

42. Ibid., April 1, 1889.

43. Quoted in ibid., March 30, 1889.

44. Ibid., April 7, 1889.

45. Quoted in ibid., April 1, 1889.

46. Quoted in ibid., March 31, 1889.

47. Quoted in ibid., April 5, 1889.

48. Quoted in ibid., April 1, 1889.

49. Rutherford B. Hayes to Halstead, April 1, 1889; Halstead to Hayes, April 3,

1889; Hayes to Halstead, April 4, 1889, Rutherford B. Hayes Papers, The Rutherford

B. Hayes Library.

50. Foster to Halstead, April 4, 1889 and April 15, 1889, Halstead Papers; Com-

mercial Gazette, April 9, 1889.

51. Halstead to Harrison, April 1, 1889, Harrison Papers; Carl Schurz to Halstead,

May 4, 1889, Halstead Papers; Smith to Sherman, March 29, 1889, Sherman Papers;

William Halstead Manuscript, Cincinnati Historical Society, 196.

52. Commercial Gazette, June 15, 1889.

53. Ibid., July 2, 3, 4, 1889.

54. Ibid., January 19, 1890.

55. Ibid., July 3, 1889 and January 30, 1887.

56. New York Times, March 31, 1889.

 

 

HENRY KURTZ: MAN OF THE BOOK

 

1. The only biography of Kurtz is Harry A. Brandt, Meet Henry Kurtz (Elgin,

Ill., 1941), a fictionalized account based on the then available information. Biographical

sketches are found in D. L. Miller and G. B. Royer, eds., Some Who Led (Elgin, Ill.,

1912), 41-43; T. S. Moherman, ed., A History of the Church of the Brethren: North-

eastern Ohio (Elgin, Ill., 1914), 34-39, 296-299; J. H. Moore, Some Brethren Pathfinders

(Elgin, Ill., 1929), 194-208; [S. Z. Sharp], "Biography of Elder Henry Kurtz,"

Brethren's Almanac for... 1878 (Huntingdon, Pa., [1877]), [13]; and Edgar G. Diehm,

ed., The Church of the Brethren in Northeastern Ohio (Elgin, Ill., 1963), 313-315.

2. Information on Kurtz's parents is found in his article, "Obituary -- Regina Hen-

rietta Kurtz," The Gospel-Visitor, VII (April 1857), 128. Full runs of the periodical

are located in the Brethren Historical Library, Elgin, Ill. and in Bethany Theological

Seminary Library, Oak Brook, Ill.

3. [Henry Kurtz], "Gestandnisse des Friedensboten," Der Friedensbote von Con-

cordia (May 1827), 122. This and other translations from German sources are by the

author.

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174                                                          OHIO HISTORY

 

4. Documentary History of the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania

and Adjoining States (Philadelphia, 1898), 538-540; Miller and Royer, Some Who

Led, 41.

5. A newspaper account of the wedding reported: "Friday, January 12, 1821. Mar-

ried -- on the 9th instant, by the Rev. Mr. Hecht, the Rev. Henry Kurtz, Evangelical

Lutheran preacher, to Miss Catherine Loehr, both of Plainfield Township." Northampton

Correspondent (Easton, Pa.), January 14, 1821. For further information on Kurtz

and the Loehr family, see William J. Heller, History of Northampton County, Pa.

(Boston, 1920), II, 58; Preston A. Laury, The History of the Allentown Conference of

the Ministerium of Pennsylvania (Kutztown, Pa., 1926), 244-245.

6. Documentary History, 547, 558, 570, 579.

7. Kurtz, "Gestandnisse des Friedensboten," 123.

8. The basic study is Frederick R. Ruoff, Geschichte der ersten Deutschen Vereinig-

ten Evangel. Protest. Gemeinde zu Pittsburgh, Pa. (Pittsburgh, 1882). See also Ellis B.

Burgess, Memorial History of the Pittsburgh Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran

Church, 1748-1845-1924 (Greenville, Pa., 1925). A translation of the section in Ruoff's

history dealing with Kurtz is found in Lottie O. Lohstoeter, trans., "Light on Henry

Kurtz's Early Career," Brethren Life and Thought, X (Winter 1965), 39-43.

9. Kurtz, "Gestandnisse des Friedensboten," 123.

10. Ruoff, Geschichte der ersten ... Gemeinde zu Pittsburgh, 61-62.

11. Ibid., 63-65.

12. Kurtz, "Gestandnisse des Friedensboten," 147, 168-174.

13. Ruoff, Geschichte der ersten ... Gemeinde zu Pittsburgh, 64-65; Minutes of the

Ministerium of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, West of the Susquehanna in the

State of Pennsylvania (York, Pa., 1825), 4, 8-9.

14. Kurtz, "Gestandnisse des Friedensboten," 173-174.

15. Ruoff, Geschichte der ersten... Gemeinde zu Pittsburgh, 65-66.

16. Brethren authors have written that the cause of the break was Kurtz's advocacy

of adult baptism, but the sources reveal that this question came later. See ibid., 66-68;

Kurtz, "Gestandnisse des Friedensboten," 147.

17. Ruoff, Geschichte der ersten... Gemeinde zu Pittsburgh, 68. Ruoff claimed the

struggle to be "one of the most disastrous" that the community had ever seen.

18. The best description of Owen's communitarian plans is found in Arthur E. Bestor,

Jr., Backwoods Utopias: The Sectarian and Owenite Phases of Communitarian Socialism

in America: 1663-1829 (Philadelphia, 1950).

19. [Henry Kurtz,] "Kurtze Nachricht von theils langst bestehenden, theils kurzlich

errichteten Co-Operations-Gesellschaften in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-Amer-

ika," Das Wiedergefundene Paradies (1826), 181-183, 209-214, 223-230. Copies of the

scarce periodical are found in the Juniata College Library. Huntingdon, Pa., and in

the Bethany Theological Seminary Library, Oak Brook, Ill. One of Owen's party noted

in his diary that on June 19, 1825, "We ... met about 12 friends of Mr. Owen's system

and heard the constitution of a society which they are forming read. Several very in-

telligent men wish to form a community near Pittsburgh." Caroline Dale Snedeker,

ed., "The Diaries of Donald Macdonald... 1824-1826," Indiana Historical Society

Publications (Indianapolis, 1924), XIV, 297.

20. Das Wiedergefundene Paradies, 60-61.

21. The proposal is printed in Das Wiedergefundene Paradies, 13-17. Kurtz's pe-

riodical is listed in Oswald Seidensticker, First Century of American Printing in Amer-

ica, 1728-1830 (Philadelphia, 1893), 227; Karl J. R. Arndt and May E. Olson, comps.,

German-American Newspapers and Periodicals, 1732-1955 (Heidelberg. 1961), 585; and

Donald F. Durnbaugh and Lawrence W. Shultz, eds., "A Brethren Bibliography: Two

Hundred and Fifty Years of Brethren Literature, 1713-1963," Brethren Life and Thought,

IX (Winter and Spring 1964), 26. See also Wilbur H. Oda, "The Reverend Henry Kurtz

and his Communal Plans," The Pennsylvania Dutchman, April 1, 1952, p. 1, 6-7.

22. Das Wiedergefundene Paradies, 2.

23. Ibid., 25-30, 49-58, 72-83, 97-104, 121-130.

24. Heinrich Kurtz to George Rapp, Pittsburgh, January 16, January 30, and March

13, 1826. Archive of Old Economy, Ambridge, Pa. Kurtz is not mentioned in the

thorough study of the Rappite community by Karl J. R. Arndt, George Rapp's Harmony

Society, 1785-1847 (Philadelphia, 1965).

25. Das Wiedergefundene Paradies, 149-168. Alexander Campbell, co-founder of

the Churches of Christ (Disciples) was familiar with Kurtz's project; see the article

"Deism and the Social System," Christian Baptist, V (September 1827), 27.

26. Das Wiedergefundene Paradies, 190-192. A recent description is Russell W. Gil-

bert, "Blooming Grove, the Dunker Settlement of Central Pennsylvania," Pennsylvania

History, XX (1953), 22-39.

27. Das Wiedergefundene Paradies, 259-263.

28. Ibid., 286-288.

29. The notice was contained in an appendix to the first volume, ibid., 25-48.

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NOTES                                                                     175

 

30. For the connection of some of the signers with Rapp, see Arndt, Harmony So-

ciety, 163, 185-186, 291, 361, 517, 546, 568-569.

31. Some writers suggest that the family lived first in Columbiana County before

moving to Stark County. See Miller and Royer, Some Who Led, 41; Sharp, "Biography

of Henry Kurtz," [13].

32. Johanna Sala was a publisher in Wooster, Ohio, in the 1820's. In 1826 he pub-

lished a newspaper in Canton, where he was joined two years later by Solomon Sala,

who seems to have carried on the business there until 1831. See Arndt and Olsen,

German-American Newspapers, 432.

33. Der Friedensbote von Concordia (1827), 1-7; Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibli-

ography," 28.

34. Minutes of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of West Pennsylvania (Gettysburg,

1827), 4.

35. Gott ist die Liebe. Eine Predigt uber 1. Brief Johannes, Cap. 4, Vers. 16 ([Easton,

Pa.], 1827). This is listed in A. L. Shoemaker, A Check List of Imprints of the German

Press of Northampton County, Pennsylvania, 1766-1905 (Easton, 1943), 44; and Durn-

baugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 29.

36. "Erstes Jahres-Bericht fiber die Angelegenheiten der Concordia... von Heinrich

Kurtz," Der Friedensbote von Concordia, 253-264, 277, 283.

37. This little-known communitarian experiment came to light with the finding of

Peter Kaufmann's papers in his former house in Canton. Two newspaper articles

describe it: Max Gard, "The Long Lost Story of Teutonie [sic]," Farm and Dairy

(Salem, Ohio), December 19, 1956; and George Swetnam, "The Disharmony Societies,"

The Pittsburgh Press, February 9, 1958.

38. Loyd D. Easton, Hegel's First American Followers (Athens, Ohio, 1966), 95-122.

39. Kurtz's references to Teutonia are in "Die Gesellschaft der Vereinigten Teutschen

... zu Teutonia," Der Friedensbote von Concordia, 301-307.

40. The most recent general history is Floyd E. Mallott, Studies in Brethren History

(Elgin, Ill., 1954). Strong emphasis is placed on the role of Kurtz in this study; see

particularly pp. 186-197.

41. In later years Kurtz remained in close contact with the Blooming Grove com-

munity and printed part of the correspondence in his publications.

42. "Fragen und Antworten," Der Friedensbote von Concordia, 289-300. This article

was reprinted later by the Companion Press in Tyrong, Pa., as a separate tract. See

Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 39.

43. Moherman, History of the Church of the Brethren, 42-43.

44. Ibid., 34, 36. This account is in error on the date of baptism; it took place in

1828, not 1838. See Miller and Royer, Some Who Led, 42; Sharp, "Biography of Henry

Kurtz," [13].

45. Letter of Miss Georgiana Hoke to the author, [1961].

46. Moherman, History of the Church of the Brethren, 36-37.

47. A. H. Cassel, "F. P. Loehr," unpublished typescript, August 30, 1883, Juniata

College Library, Huntingdon, Pa.; I. J. Rosenberger, "Some Events of Interest in the

Lives of our Old Brethren," Brethren's Family Almanac for 1887, (Huntingdon, Pa.,

1886), [19].

48. Mallott, Studies in Brethren History, 195-197.

49. There have been several studies of the Kurtz publishing activity: Glenn McFad-

den, "Dunkers as Publishers," Schwarzenau, III (October 1941), 5-22: Oda. "Kurtz

and His Communal Plans," 6-7; William R. Eberly, "The Printing and Publishing Ac-

tivities of Henry Kurtz," Brethren Life and Thought. VIII (Winter 1963), 19-34; Em-

mert F. Bittinger, "More on Brethren Hymnology," Brethren Life and Thought, VIII

(Summer 1963), 11-16; and John H. Lengle, "A Bio-Bibliography of Henry Kurtz."

unpublished typescript, February 14, 1966, Bethany Theological Seminary. Kurtz's

imprints dealing with the Church of the Brethren are listed and annotated in Durn-

baugh, "Brethren Bibliography."

50. Oda, "Kurtz and His Communal Plans," 7.

51. Zeugnisse der Wahrheit, oder: Menno Symons samtliche Schriften... des

zweyten Theiles Erster Band (Osnaburg, Ohio, 1833); Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibli-

ography," 31.

52. Harold S. Bender, Two Centuries of American Mennonite Literature (Goshen,

Ind., 1929), 15.

53. A. H. Cassel, "Our Church Literature," The Primitive Christian and the Pilgrim,

April 4, 1878, p. 214-215; Eberly, "Activities of Henry Kurtz." 25.

54. Besides the listings in Eberly and Bittinger, see Nevin Fisher, The History of

Brethren Hymnbooks (Bridgewater, Va., 1950), 32-34, for an analysis of the contents.

55. Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 32.

56. Eberly, "Activities of Henry Kurtz," 27.

57. Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 32; "Kurtz and His Communal Plans," 7.

58. The complete title was Americanisches Noth-und Hulfs-Buchlein, Enthaltend

Hausmittel und Recepts fur Allerley Krankheiten und Zufalle an Menschen und Vieh.

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176                                                          OHIO HISTORY

 

Hauptsachlich aus dem hinterlassenen Manuscripten eines zu Seiner Zeit beruhmt

gewesenen Arztes in Virginia gezogen (Osnaburg, Ohio, 1837); Thomas R. Brendle

and Claude W. Unger, "Folk Medicine of the Pennsylvania Germans: The Non-Occult

Cures," Pennsylvania German Society Proceedings, XLV (1935), 249. The title page

is reproduced in facsimile, G 39.

59. Jacob Rothenberger, "A Sketch of the Life of George Philip Rothenberger,

1802-1881," Our Almanac and Annual-Register for 1883 (Covington, Ohio [1882]),

32-33; J. E. Miller, Stories from Brethren Life (Elgin, Ill., 1942), 79-80. Information

on the Froelichianer movement is found in Delbert Gratz, "Samuel Froelich," The

Mennonite Encyclopedia (Scottdale, Pa., 1956), II, 414-415.

60. A drawing and description of the log structure is found in Moherman, History

of the Church of the Brethren, 296-298.

61. This trip and other shared labors are related in Benjamin Funk, ed., The Life

and Labors of Elder John Kline (Elgin, Ill., 1900), 66-78, 183-191, 219-232.

62. Until December 1856 the title was The Gospel-Visiter, an acceptable spelling

at that time. See Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 36, and the anniversary issue

of the succesor of The Visitor, The Gospel Messenger, June 16, 1951.

63. A. H. Cassel to H. Kurtz, Harleysville, Pa., November 4, 1850; copy, Cassel Col-

lection, Juniata College Library.

64. Henry Kurtz to A. H. Cassel, Poland, Ohio, September 5, 1849, Cassel Collection.

65. H. D. Davy and J. Quinter, eds., Minutes of the Annual Meetings of the Brethren

(Dayton, Ohio, 1886), 148.

66. The Gospel-Visiter, I (April 1851), 1-2.

67. Davy and Quinter, Minutes of the Annual Meetings, 156.

68. Ibid., 162-169.

69. Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 36.

70. The best source is Mary N. Quinter, Life and Sermons of Elder James Quinter

(Mt. Morris, Ill., 1891); the section pertaining to his relationship with Kurtz is on

pp. 31-41.

71. A recent account of the schism is in Homer A. Kent, Sr., 250 Years... Conquer-

ing Frontiers (Winona Lake, Ind., 1958), 99-124.

72. Henry R. Holsinger, History of the Tunkers and the Brethren Church (Lathrop,

Calif., 1901), 350-354; the book was reprinted in 1962.

73. Mallott, Studies in Brethren History, 198-211.

74. The interchange is discused in Roger Sappington. Courageous Prophet: Chapters

from the Life of John Kline (Elgin, Ill., 1964), 58-72: and Harry A. Brunk, "The Kline-

Funk Controversy," Brethren Life and Thought, IX (Summer 1964), 21-33.

75. The pamphlets are listed in Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 37, 38.

76. Ibid., 33; see also Irvin B. Horst, "An Unrecorded Edition of Menno Simon's

Tract on Christian Baptism," Mennonite Historical Bulletin, XX (July 1959), 1-2.

77. The book is discussed and reproduced in Martin G. Brumbaugh, Life and Work

of Christopher Dock (Philadelphia, 1908); the Kurtz edition is noted in Samuel W.

Pennypacker, "Christopher Dock: The Pious Schoolmaster of the Skippack, and His

Work," Historical and Biographical Sketches (Philadelphia, 1883), 95. See also Bender,

Two Centuries, 28.

78. Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 38.

79. The Gospel-Visitor, XIV (December 1864), 342.

80. Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 103.

81. Holsinger, History of the Tunkers, 810; Durnbaugh, "Brethren Bibliography," 44.

82. The Gospel-Visitor, XVIII (January 1868), 30-31.

83. The granddaughter, Elisa A. Good, provided the reminiscence for Brandt.

Brandt, Meet Henry Kurtz, 128-132.

84. The Weekly Pilgrim, January 21, 1874, p. 20.

 

JOHN B. TYTUS AND THE CONTINUOUS STEEL MILL

 

1. "Ribbons of Steel," Great Moments in the Ohio Heritage, Album No. 1, pre-

pared for the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, 1960; Frank Siedel, The Ohio Story

(Cleveland, 1950), 81-97; George Crout, The Seven Lives of Johnny B. Free (Minne-

apolis, 1961), 36-42.

2. A History and Biographical Cyclopedia of Butler County, Ohio (Cincinnati, 1882),

630, 661; L. H. Everts, New Historical Atlas of Butler County (Philadelphia, 1875), 87;

Bert S. Bartlow and others, Centennial History of Butler County, Ohio (Indianapolis,

1905), 333, 721.

3. Interview with Mrs. John B. Tytus in Middletown, Ohio, November 1963.

• 4