Ohio History Journal

NOTES                                                                          203

 

39. Julius H. Seelye to Hayes, February 17, 1879, ibid.

40. Advance, February 6, 1879.

41. J. George Butler to Hayes, February 17, 1879, Hayes Papers. The rights of

American missionaries and merchants in China depended upon the terms of the

Treaties of Peace, Amity, and Commerce negotiated with China in 1844 and 1858. See

Malloy, Treaties, I, 196-232.

42. S. Wells Williams to Hayes, February 21, 1879, Hayes Papers.

43. Christian Union, February 26, 1879.

44. Henry Ward Beecher to Hayes, February 26, 1879, Hayes Papers.

45. William Brockie on behalf of the Philadelphia Maritime Exchange to Hayes.

March 1, 1879, ibid.

46. Resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce of the state of New York relative to

Chinese immigration, February 27, 1879, ibid.

47. Edwards Pierrepont to Hayes, February 17, 1879, ibid.

48. A. A. Sargent to Hayes, February 25, 1879, enclosing G. K. Fitch to Sargent,

February 25, 1879, ibid.

49. William  Irwin to Hayes, February 27, 1879; John H. Kinkead to Hayes, Feb-

ruary 28, 1879; mayors of Sacramento, San Francisco, and Los Angeles to Haves, Feb-

ruary 24, 25, 27, 1879. Ibid.

50. Vice-president and secretary of Board of Trade of Portland, Oregon, to Hayes,

February 25, 1879; secretary and vice-president of the Chamber of Commerce of As-

toria, Oregon, to Hayes, February 27, 1879. Ibid.

51. Clergymen of San Francisco and Oakland to Hayes, February 26, 1879, ibid.

52. Austin J. Roberts to Hayes, February 22, 1879; James W. Newton to Hayes,

February 23, 1879, Ibid.

53. Republican State Central Committee to Hayes, February 25, 1879; president of the

Young Men's Republican Club to Hayes, February 26, 1879; Republicans in the

Eleventh Senatorial District of San Francisco to Hayes, February 25, 1879, Ibid.

54. Loring Pickering to Sargent, February 25, 1879, enclosed in Sargent to Hayes,

February 25, 1879, ibid.

55. Philip Roach to Bayard, January 16, 18, 1879, Bayard Papers.

56. Portland Daily Standard, January 7, 1879.

57. Garfield Diary, February 24, 1879, James A. Garfield Papers, Library of Con-

gress.

58. New York Times, April 10, 1879.

59. T. Harry Williams, ed., Hayes: The Diary of a President, 1875-1881 (New

York, 1964), 187-190.

60. Garfield Diary, February 23, 1879, Garfield Papers.

61. Williams, Hayes Diary, 189.

62. Memoranda, February 23, 28, 1879. Notes from the Chinese Legation.

63. Richardson, ed., Messages and Papers, IX, 4466-4472. William   Henry Smith

claimed that Evarts wrote the veto message. See Memorandum of William Henry Smith,

September 9, 1891, Hayes Papers. The New York Times, March 3, 1879, thought that

the message was written by both men.

64. Congressional Record, 45 cong., 3d sess., 2276-77.

65. Memoirs of Thomas C. Donaldson, May 16, 1879. Unpublished typed copy,

Hayes Library.

66. Hayes to Beecher, March 1, 1879, Hayes Papers.

67. Nation, March 6, 1879.

68. New York Times, March 3, 1879.

69. Williams, Hayes Diary, 192.

70. Pletcher, The Awkward Years, 199-201.

71. William Dean Howells to Hayes, March 16, 1879, Hayes Papers.

RACE: PRINCIPLES AND POLICY OF RUTHERFORD B. HAYES

1. R. B. Hayes to Murat Halstead, February 2, 1866, Charles R. Williams, ed., Diary

and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes (Columbus, Ohio, 1922-26), III, 16, to be herein-

after cited as Hayes, Diary and Letters. Letter of Rutherford B. Hayes to Manning F.

Force, March 17, 1866. Rutherford B. Hayes Papers, The Rutherford B. Hayes Library.

Speech of Hayes at Town Hall, 17th Ward, Cincinnati, Ohio, September 7, 1866, ibid.

2. Guy M. Bryan to Hayes, May 18, 1867, ibid.

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204                                                         OHIO HISTORY

 

3. Bryan to Hayes, June 24, 1867, ibid.

4. Speech of Hayes at Lebanon, Ohio, August 5, 1867, as the Republican guberna-

torial candidate of that state, James Quay Howard, The Life, Public Services and Selected

Speeches of Rutherford B. Hayes (Cincinnati, 1876), 201.

5. Ibid., Speech of Hayes at Zanesville, Ohio, August 24, 1871, p. 240.

6. Hayes to John Sherman, April 1, 1871, Hayes Papers.

7. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 269.

8. Ibid., I, 505.

9. Ibid., 541.

10. Ibid., 470.

11. Hayes to Sardis Birchard, December 26, 1866, Hayes Papers; Hayes, Diary and

Letters, II, 247; Hayes to Lucy Webb Hayes, April 19, 1866, ibid., III, 24; Hayes to

Lucy Webb Hayes, August 7, 1875, ibid., 289; ibid., IV, 303, 342, 466-467; ibid., III, 573,

371; Hayes to Andrew J. Chambers, September 13, 1876, Hayes Papers.

12. Speech at Lebanon, Ohio, August 5, 1867, Howard, Speeches, 196-197.

13. Hayes to Rev. Mr. Sturks, January 14, 1878, Hayes Papers.

14. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 553-554.

15. Isabel C. Barrows, ed., The First Mohonk Conference on the Negro Question

(Boston, 1890), 9-11. Hayes was the chairman of this conference and the quotations

above came from his opening and closing addresses.

16. Ibid., 138.

17. Hayes to Sardis Birchard, October 6, 1866, Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 34.

See also a letter, Hayes to Sophia B. Hayes, October 7, 1866, Hayes Papers.

18. Speech of Hayes at Lebanon, Ohio, August 5, 1867, Howard, Speeches, 200.

19. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 442, 622; ibid., IV, 295; speech at Tilton, New

Hampshire, August 22, 1877, Hayes Papers.

20. Speech of Hayes at Lamar House, Knoxville, Tennessee, September 21, 1877,

ibid.

21. Hayes to Lucy Webb Hayes, April 8, 1866, in connection with the passage of the

civil rights bill, Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 22.

22. Speech of Hayes at Lebanon, Ohio, August 5, 1867, Howard, Speeches, 168-170.

23. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 135.

24. Speech of Hayes at Glendale, Ohio, September 4, 1872, Howard, Speeches, 128.

25. Speech of Hayes at Nashua, New Hampshire, August 24, 1877, Hayes Papers.

Speeches of Hayes at Manchester, New Hampshire, August 23, 1877; at Jeffersonville,

Indiana, September 18, 1877; and at the Hall, Chattanooga, Tennessee, September 20,

1877, ibid.

26. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 449.

27. First Annual Message, December 3, 1877, Letters and Messages of Rutherford B.

Hayes (Washington, 1881), 76-77.

28. Ibid., 120-122. Second Annual Message.

29. Remarks of Hayes at the annual reunion of the 23rd Regiment, Ohio Veterans,

Youngstown, Ohio, September 17, 1879, 9-11. Taken from a pamphlet in Columbia

University, Butler Library, Box 846. Ibid., remarks of Hayes at the Ohio soldiers

reunion at Columbus, Ohio, August 11, 1880.

30. Last Annual Message, December 6, 1880, Letters and Messages, 313-314.

31. Ibid.

32. This unsigned letter with the bottom part torn off, came to Hayes from Greens-

burg, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1877, Hayes Papers.

33. Speech of Hayes, delivered at Virginia Hall, Hampton, Virginia, May 20, 1880,

ibid. Did Booker Washington ever see or hear this speech? In his own speech he said:

"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers; yet one as

the hand in all things essential to mutual progress . . . ." Basil Mathews, Booker T.

Washington: Educator as Interracial Interpreter (Cambridge, 1948), 87.

34. Opening remarks of Hayes at the First Mohonk Conference on the Negro Ques-

tion, Lake Mohonk, New York, 1890. Barrows, The First Mohonk Conference on the

Negro Question, 9.

35. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 7.

36. Ibid., 12-13.

37. Hayes to Warner M. Bateman, January 31, 1866, photostatic copy in Hayes

Papers.

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NOTES                                                                           205

 

38. Hayes to Murat Halstead, editor of the Cincinnati Commercial, February 2, 1866,

film copy in Hayes Papers.

39. Hayes to Warner M. Bateman, May 15, 1866, photostatic copy in Hayes Papers.

40. Ibid., 25.

41. Howard, Speeches, 65.

42. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 42-43.

43. Speech of Hayes in Sidney, Ohio, September 4, 1867, Howard, Speeches, 219-222.

44. Inaugural Address of the Governor of Ohio to the General Assembly January 13,

1868 (Columbus, 1868).

45. Howard, Speeches, 89. Annual Message of the Governor of Ohio to the Fifty-

Ninth General Assembly Session Commencing January 3, 1870 (Columbus, 1870), 10.

This was pamphlet No. 979, Hayes Papers.

46. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 90.

47. Ibid., 94.

48. Speech of Hayes celebrating the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment, April

13, 1870, Ohio State Journal, April 14, 1870.

49. Inaugural Address, March 5, 1877, Letters and Messages, 13.

50. Instructions to the Louisiana Investigation Committee, April 2, 1877, ibid., 20-21.

51. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 510. The many references of Hayes to the racial

infidelity of the South on the Negro problem contrasts sharply with the conclusion of

Rayford Logan, The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877-1901 (New

York, 1954), 16, who said: "More important . . . is the fact that Hayes was quite com-

plaisant about the failure of the South to live up to its part of the bargain." See Let-

ters and Messages, 315. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 615. James D. Richardson, comp.,

A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897 (Washington,

1896-1900), VII, 494.

52. Leonard D. White, The Republican Era, 1869-1901: A Study in Administrative

History (New York, 1958), 35-38. Letters and Messages, 181-223. See also Hayes, Diary

and Letters, III, 529-532, 534-535, 543-546, on the riders. The appropriations bills were

essential for the operation of the army. Congress, through amendments (riders) attached

to these bills, restricting the use of troops at elections, hoped to force the President to

accept, indirectly, its point of view with regard to federal protection of Negro voting

rights at the polls. Stanley P. Hirshon, Farewell to the Bloody Shirt: Northern Republi-

cans and the Southern Negro, 1877-93 (Bloomington, 1962), 56-57.

53. Ibid.

54. Bryan to Hayes, December 19, 1874, Hayes Papers.

55. Hayes to Bryan, January 2, 1875, Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 262-263.

56. Bryan to Hayes, June 24, 1875, Hayes Papers. See also Letter of Bryan to Hayes,

January 8, 1875, ibid.

57. Hayes to Bryan, July 27, 1875, ibid.

58. John Sherman to A. M. Burns, January 21, 1876, ibid.

59. Carl Schurz to Hayes, June 21, 1876, ibid.

60. Hayes to Schurz, June 27, 1876, ibid.

61. Ibid.

62. Hayes to Bryan, July 8, 1876, ibid.

63. Ibid., July 10, 1876.

64. Letter of Acceptance, July 18, 1876, Howard, Speeches, 159-160.

65. Schurz to Hayes, August 7, 1876, Hayes Papers.

66. Ibid.

67. Alphonso Taft to Hayes, September 12, 1876, ibid.

68. From a note Hayes wrote to himself, October 4, 1876, ibid.

69. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 375-376.

70. Schurz to Hayes, December 4, 1876, Hayes Papers; Schurz to Hayes, December

5, 1875, ibid.; Hayes to Schurz, January 29, 1877, ibid.

71. J. D. Cox to Hayes, January 31, 1877, ibid.

72. Hayes to Cox, February 2, 1877, ibid.

73. Schurz to Hayes, February 2, 1877, ibid.; Hayes to Schurz, February 4, 1877,

ibid; Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 414.

74. Ibid., 417.

75. The Inaugural Address of President Hayes, March 4, 1877, Hayes Papers.

76. The letters upon which this paragraph is based are too numerous to list here.

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206                                                         OHIO HISTORY

 

Those interested in further inquiry into the public reception of the Hayes policy may

consult with profit the incoming correspondence of President Hayes from March 12,

1877, to March of 1880, Hayes Papers.

77. Photostatic copy of instructions of Hayes to George W. McCrary, Secretary of

War, April 20, 1877, ibid.

78. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 430.

79. Ibid.

80.  Ibid., 431.

81. Bennett Milton Rich, The Presidents and Civil Disorder (Washington, D. C.,

1941), 72-86; telegram of George McCrary, Secretary of War to General W. S. Han-

cock, July 27, 1877, Hayes Papers.

82. Resolutions of the colored citizens of Huntsville, Alabama, April [1877?], ibid.;

William F. Perkins to Hayes, March 17, 1877, ibid.; John C. Hamilton to W. K. Rogers,

private secretary to Hayes, March 17, 1877, ibid.; M. Auge, Norristown, Pennsylvania,

to Hayes, March 17, 1877, ibid.

83. Speech of Hayes to the African Methodist Episcopal Delegation, March 23, 1877,

Hayes Papers.

84. The following information was cited in Philip S. Foner, ed., The Life and Writ-

ings of Frederick Douglass (New York, 1950-1955), IV, 102.

85. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 443.

86. Speech of Hayes, Friday, August 17, 1877, on the green in front of his uncle

Austin Birchard's home, Fayetteville, Vermont, Hayes Papers.

87. Address of Hayes at Markham House, Atlanta, Georgia, September 22, 1877, ibid.

88. Ibid.

89. Ibid.

90. Speech of Hayes at Nashville, Tennessee, September 19, 1877, ibid.; speech at

Wartrace, September 20, ibid.; address at Chattanooga, Tennessee, ibid.

91. December 3, 1877, Richardson, Messages, VII, 459.

92. Wade Hampton to Hayes, March 25, 1878, Hayes Papers.

93. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 501-502.

94. Ibid., 508-509.

95. Philip Little to Hayes, October 13, 1878, Hayes Papers.

96. Hayes, Diary and Letters, III, 505.

97. Hayes to Bryan, February 2, 1882, Hayes Papers.

98. W. E. Chandler on the Hayes policy, December 27, 1877, copy of newspaper

clipping in The Rutherford B. Hayes Library, Fremont, Ohio.

99. Frederick Douglass to Hayes, July, 1881, Hayes Papers; Foner, Frederick Doug-

lass, IV, 417-418.

100. A. M. Middlebrook, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, to Benjamin Harrison, July 16, 1888,

Benjamin Harrison Papers, Library of Congress, Vol. 34, No. 7268-7271; John E. Bryant

to Benjamin Harrison, [1889], ibid., Vol. 64, No. 15809-15818; ibid., No. 14549; George

F. Hoar, Autobiography of Seventy Years (New York, 1903), II, 13-14.

101. John W. Burgess, The Administration of President Hayes (New York, 1916), 90.

102. Charles Beard, The Presidents in American History (New York, 1935), 92.

103. Rayford Logan, The Negro in American Life and Thought, 3, 16, 17, 29.

104. Louis D. Rubin, Jr., Teach the Freeman: The Correspondence of Rutherford B.

Hayes and the Slater Fund for Negro Education, 1881-1887 (Baton Rouge, 1959), I, xliv.

RUTHERFORD B. HAYES AND THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

1. Cleveland Plain Dealer, January 14, 1893.

2. Ibid., January 18, 1893; Harry Barnard, Rutherford B. Hayes and His America

(Indianapolis, 1954), 522.

3. Hayes was a board member of the Peabody Education Fund, the Slater Education

Fund, Western Reserve University, Ohio Wesleyan University, Mount Union College,

and Green Springs Academy. He also served as president of the National Prison Asso-

ciation.

4. This brief sketch was taken from Alexis Cope, History of the Ohio State Univer-

sity, Thomas C. Mendenhall, ed., (Columbus, 1920), I, 4-20.

5. U.S., Statutes at Large, XIV, 208.

6. Annual Message of the Governor of Ohio to the Fifty-ninth General Assembly,

at the Session, commencing January 3, 1870 (Columbus, 1870), 9.

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