NOTES
149
of its first allocation for
administrative and other overhead expenses. Charles E. Pynchon
to Ickes, June 9, 1934, NA RG 48.
56. "Minutes of Unit
Committee," April 22, 23, 1934; Dayton Daily News, November
10, 1933, April 20, 23, 1934; Dayton Review,
April 27, 1934. Joseph was a close friend
and associate of Milburn L. Wilson and
his appointment as manager, coming shortly after
the initial loan of $50,000, was
probably on Wilson's recommendation.
57. Conkin, Tomorrow a New World, 107-108,
121.
58. Ibid., 120-124; Harold L.
Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: The First
Thousand Days, 1933-1936 (New York, 1953), 159-160, 218-219.
59. M. L. Wilson to Ickes, April 11,
1934, NA, RG 48.
60. Dayton Journal, April 22, 23,
1934; Dayton Review, May 4, 18, 1934; Dayton Daily
News, May 29, 1934. Copies of the committee's resolution were
reportedly sent to Presi-
dent Roosevelt, Ickes, Wilson, and
Pynchon.
61. Philip M. Glick to the Assistant
Secretary of the Interior, May 24, 1934, Glick
to S. H. Thal, May 24, 1934, Ickes to
Bulkley, May 28, 1934, NA, RG 48; Dayton Review,
May 18, 1934.
62. Pynchon to Ebert K. Burlew, June 6,
1934, Ickes to Bulkley, June 14, 1934, Ickes
to Senator Simeon D. Fess, June 14,
1934, NA, RG 48; Dayton Review, June 15, 1934.
63. Dayton Daily News, May 29,
1934; Pynchon to Unit Committee of Council of
Social Agencies, June 5, 1934, Ickes to
Bulkley, June 14, 1934, Ickes to Hopkins, June
23, 1934, NA, RG 48.
64. Borsodi to Pynchon, June 15, 1934,
Pynchon to Ickes, June 25, 1934, NA, RG 48;
Dayton Journal, June 26, 1934;
Dayton Daily News, June 25, 1934.
65. Borsodi, Education for Living, I,
vii-viii; Dayton Daily News, June 25, 1934; Day-
ton Journal, June 27, 1934.
66. Dayton Journal, June 28, July
3, 1934; Dayton Daily News, July 4, 1934; Pynchon
to Ickes, July 14, 1934, NA, RG 48.
67. Dayton Review, July 13, 27,
1934; Dayton Journal, July 11, 1934; Dayton Daily
News, July 29, 1934.
68. Dayton Daily News, August 9,
1934; Dayton Review, September 14, 28, 1934;
Pynchon to Ickes, September 13, 1934,
Louis Glavis to Burlew, January 22, 1935, Pynchon
to Burlew, January 28, 1935, NA, RG 48;
Dayton Journal, March 16, September 15,
October 22, December 31, 1935.
THE "NAIVE
LIBERAL," THE "DEVIOUS COMMUNIST"
AND THE JOHNSON
CASE
1. For the only survey of American
criminal syndicalist legislation see Eldridge F.
Dowell, A History of Criminal
Syndicalism Legislation in the United States, Johns Hop-
kins University Studies in Historical
and Political Science, 57th Series (Baltimore, 1939);
for the statistics see p. 147.
2. The Ohio Criminal Syndicalism Act was
patterned after the California statute and
is now Sections 2923.12 - 2923.15,
inclusive, of the Ohio Revised Code. Pertinent to this
article are Sections 2923.12 and
2923.13. Section 2923.12 defines criminal syndicalism as
follows: "As used in section 2923.12
to 2923.15 inclusive of the Revised Code 'criminal
syndicalism' is the doctrine which
advocates crime; sabotage, which is defined as the
malicious injury or destruction of the
property of another; violence; or unlawful methods
of terrorism as a means of accomplishing
industrial or political reform." Section 2923.13
penalizes the advocacy of criminal
syndicalism: "No person shall by word of mouth or
writing advocate or teach the duty,
necessity, or propriety of crime, sabotage, violence
or unlawful methods of terrorism as a
means of accomplishing industrial or political re-
form; or print, publish, edit, issue, or
knowingly circulate, sell, distribute, or publicly
display any book, paper, document, or
written matter in any form, containing or advo-
cating, advising or teaching the
doctrine that industrial or political reform should be
brought about by crime, sabotage,
violence or unlawful methods of terrorism; or openly,
willfully, and deliberately justify, by
word of mouth or writing, the commission or the
attempt to commit crime, sabotage,
violence, or unlawful methods of terrorism with in-
tent to exemplify, spread or advocate the propriety of
the doctrines of criminal syndi-
calism; or organize or help to organize or become a member
of, or voluntarily assemble