NOTES
OHIO QUAKERS AND
THE MISSISSIPPI FREEDMEN--
"A FIELD TO LABOR"
1. Society of Friends, Minutes of the
Ohio Yearly Meeting, 1863 (Orthodox), 12.
Hereinafter cited as Minutes. At
the time of the Civil War the Ohio Yearly Meeting
was comprised mostly of Quakers in
Harrison, Mahoning, Columbiana, and Belmont
counties in eastern Ohio, and from the
southern part of Michigan.
2. James H. Rodabaugh, "The Negro
in Ohio," Journal of Negro History, XXXI
(January 1946), 9-29. See also
Merton L. Dillon, Benjamin Lundy and the Struggle for
Negro Freedom (Urbana, Ill., 1966), 18-22.
3. Minutes, 1858, 13-14; 1860, 16-17. See also "Report
from the Redstone Meeting on
the Concerns of the People of Color,
October 1, 1863." Manuscript in Swarthmore His-
torical Museum, Swarthmore,
Pennsylvania.
4. Minutes, 1863, 11-12.
5. Minutes, 1864, 8; Levi Coffin,
Reminiscences of Levi Coffin (Cincinnati, 1876),
626; Rufus Jones, The Later Periods
of Quakerism (London, 1921), II, 608, 609.
6. Minutes, 1865, 12-14.
7. Ibid.
8. Freedmen's Record, I (January
1866), 4. The Freedmen's Record was published by
the Indiana Yearly Meeting to record the
Society of Friends' work with the Freedmen.
After one year, however, it was replaced
with the American Friend which was to chroni-
cle the Quakers' work in the peace and
temperance movements, tract distribution, and
missionary work.
9. Ibid.
10. John Butler: A Sketch of His Life
by His Children (Columbus, 1890), 142-147.
For general information, see Ohio
Yearly Meeting of Friends (Orthodox), Memorial to
John Butler (Damascus,
Ohio, 1890).
11. Minutes, 1865, 13.
12. John Butler, 145-147.
13. Minutes, 1865, 13.
14. Freedmen's Bureau Records, School
Report--Mississippi, October 31, 1865, Box
373, National Archives, Washington,
D.C.; Society of Friends, Minutes of the Indiana
Yearly Meeting, 1865 (Orthodox), 41-53.
15. Stuart Grayson Noble, Forty Years
of the Public Schools in Mississippi, with
Special Reference to the Education of
the Negro (New York, 1918), 6-9. See
also
Freedmen's Record, I (June 1866), 4.
16. Freedmen's Bureau Records, School
Report--Mississippi, Memorandum by Chap-
lain Joseph Warren, Superintendent,
October, 1865. Box 9, National Archives, Washing-
ton, D.C.
17. Letter, Elizabeth Bond, dated
Jackson, Mississippi, November 14, 1865, as quoted
in Freedmen's Record, I (December
1865) , 9.
18. Ibid., 8, 9.
19. Ibid., 9.
20. Vicksburg Herald (Mississippi),
October 24, 1865, quoted in ibid., 12.
21. Minutes, 1862, 11; 1876, 17.
22. Freedmen's Bureau Records, School
Report--Mississippi, November 24, 1865. Box
373, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
23. Noble, Public Schools in
Mississippi, 16-17.