222 OHIO
HISTORY
24. Freedmen's Record, 1 (May
1866), 5.
25. Minutes, 1866, 14.
26. Freedmen's Record, 1 (August
1866), 5.
27. Minutes, 1867, 15.
28. Freedmen's Record, I
(February 1866), 8.
29. Letter, Thomas Smith to John Watson,
March 29, 1866, quoted in Freedmen's
Record, I (May 1866), 6-11.
30. Ibid. (February 1866), 8.
31. Deed Book, Book 29, p. 327, 776.
Hinds County Courthouse, Hinds County, Ray-
mond, Mississippi.
32. Freedmen's Record, I (August
1866), 5.
33. Minutes, 1866, 14.
34. Daily Clarion (Jackson,
Miss.), April 18, December 16, 1866; June 16, May 9,
December 1, 1867. See also Vernon
Lane Wharton, The Negro in Mississippi, 1865-1890
(New York, 1965), 244.
35. Henry R. Pease to Oliver O. Howard,
May, 1868, Freedmen Bureau Records,
School Report--Mississippi, May, 1868.
Box 9, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
36. Henry R. Pease to Oliver O. Howard,
September, 1868, Freedmen Bureau Rec-
ords, School Report--Mississippi,
September, 1868. Box 9, National Archives, Washing-
ton, D.C.
37. Minutes, 1869, 13.
38. Minutes, 1871, 12.
39. Minutes, 1872, 12.
40. Minutes, 1873, 8.
41. Ibid., 9.
42. Minutes, 1873, 10-11.
43. Minutes, 1867, 16.
44. Minutes, 1875, 14-15.
45. Minutes, 1879, 20; 1880, 24.
46. Memorial to John Butler, 9.
47. Minutes, 1867, 9.
48. Minutes, 1869, 16.
49. Minutes, 1871, 19-20.
50. Minutes, 1874, 20.
51. Freedmen's Record, I (April
1866), 8.
SCIENCE AND
DEMOCRACY:
A HISTORY OF THE
CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY, 1842-1872
This paper is substantially the same as
one read to the History of Science Session,
Ohio Academy of Science on March 1, 1969.
1. Quoted in Hazel Spencer Phillips, The
Golden Lamb (Oxford, Ohio, 1958), 60-61.
2. John P. Foote, Schools of
Cincinnati (Cincinnati, 1855), 173.
3. F. A. Mitchel, Ormsby MacKnight
Mitchel, Astronomer and General (Boston, 1887),
53.
4. Mitchel authored three popular works
on astronomy: The Planetary and Stellar
Worlds: An Exposition of the
Discoveries and Theories of Modern Astronomy (first
published in 1848 followed by three
additional American editions and three English
editions), Popular Astronomy: A
Concise Elementary Treatise on the Sun, Planets,
Satellites and Comets (1860), and his posthumous The Astronomy of the
Bible (1863
and 1868). In addition, Mitchel
published a popular monthly magazine on astronomy,
The Sidereal Messenger, which failed after only a two-year run; for an
interesting article
on this publication see Russell
McCormmach, "Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel's Sidereal
Messenger, 1846-1848," Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, CX (1966),
35-47.
5. Dictionary of American Biography, XIII,
38-39.
6. Mitchel, 49. The information on the founding of the society is
taken from a manu-
script by O. M. Mitchel, probably
written some years after the events described. Most