Notes
A PUBLIC OFFICIAL
AS MUCKRAKER: BRAND WHITLOCK
1. See Neil Thorburn, "William Dean
Howells as a Literary Model: The Experience
of Brand Whitlock," Northwest
Ohio Quarterly, XXXIX (Winter 1966-67), 22-35. Albert
Jay Nock was a frequent adviser, and
portions of Whitlock's autobiographical, Forty
Years of It (New York, 1914), were serialized in The American
Magazine, LXXV (Jan-
uary-June 1913). Whitlock corresponded
often with Lincoln Steffens, Miss Tarbell, and
other prominent journalists. See the
correspondence files ca. 1903-1910, Whitlock Papers,
Library of Congress.
2. Quoted in Richard Hofstadter, The
Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R. (New
York, 1955), 197-198. Cantwell's
article, "Journalism--Magabines," can be found in Harold
E. Stearns, ed., America Now, An
Inquiry into Civilization in the United States (New
York, 1938), 345-355.
3. Ibid., 200-201. The
traditional interpretation of muckraking is C. C. Regier, The
Era of the Muckrakers (Chapel Hill, 1932); the best and most influential is
Louis Filler,
Crusaders for American Liberalism (Yellow Springs, Ohio, 1961). See also Filler's essay
"The Muckrakers: In Flower and
Failure," in Donald Sheehan and Harold C. Syrett, eds.,
Essays in American Historiography:
Papers Presented in Honor of Allan Nevins (New
York, 1960), 251-270. More recent are
David Chalmers, The Social and Political Ideas
of the Muckrakers (New York, 1964); Louis G. Geiger,
"Muckrakers--Then and Now,"
Journalism Quarterly, XLIII (Autumn 1966), 469-476; and Stanley K. Schultz,
"The
Morality of Politics: The Muckrakers'
Vision of Democracy," Journal of American His-
tory, LII (December 1965), 527-547.
4. Judson A. Grenier, "Muckraking
and the Muckrakers: A Historical Definition,"
Journalism Quarterly, XXXVII (Autumn 1960), 558.
5. In 1933 Whitlock wrote to his friend
Julian Street, "It always irritates me to be
classed with reformers. I never was a
reformer. I hate reformers, and most of the time
during the four terms -- eight years --
I served as Mayor I was engaged in a row with
them." Allan Nevins, ed., The
Letters and Journal of Brand Whitlock (New York, 1936),
Vol. 1: The Letters, 537.
6. Brand Whitlock, "The City and
the Public Utility Corporation," World Today,
XIX (September 1910), 957-964; and
"Trust Men Go to Jail," Collier's Weekly, XXXVII
(July 14, 1906), 15, 24, 26. The first
article later reappeared as part of Forty Years of It.
7. See for examples Ben B. Lindsey and
Harvey J. O'Higgins, The Beast (New York,
1910); and Frederic C. Howe, "A
City in the Life-Saving Business," Outlook, LXXXVIII
(January 18, 1908), 123-127, and "A
Golden Rule Chief of Police," Everybody's Maga-
zine, XXII (June 1910), 814-823.
8. Brand Whitlock, "What Good Does
It Do?" Everybody's Magazine, XVI (May
1907), 579-589. There are a number of
letters from prison inmates to Whitlock in the
correspondence files ca. 1903-1910,
Whitlock Papers, Library of Congress.
9. Whitlock, "What Good Does It
Do?" 585.