THE LEBANON CENTENNIAL.
ORATION OF WILLIAM H. VENABLE.
[NOTE--On Thursday, September 25, 1902,
the people of Lebanon, War-
ren county, Ohio, held appropriate
exercises celebrating the one hundredth
anniversary of the settlement of that
time honored town. The exercises
were held in the opera house, Mr John E.
Smith acting as President. There
were many distinguished speakers present
who made addresses. Our space
in this Quarterly will not permit of the
extended report which we would
like to make, but on account of its
literary excellence and historic value
we produce in full the oration of
Professor Venable, the well known author
and litterateur.- E. O. R.]
The loyal American citizen, whenever and
wherever he
may chance to hear the familiar words,
"My Country, 'tis of
three," thinks first of the United
States; but the next moment
his mind is thronged with thoughts of
some particular state,
of whose rocks and rills and woods and
templed hills, his
heart forever sings. Promptly his
patriotism pays homage to
Old Glory and his gratitude spells
Nation with large capitals;
then his state pride singles out the One
from the Many-in-
One. If he be an Ohio man, his
imagination magnifies that
lesser Commonwealth, until it takes up
the entire map of his
affections and the vast sky scarcely
affords space for the big
O he would inscribe upon its scroll. But
the mighty State
dwindles and fades when his returning
footsteps eagerly bear
him toward his unrivaled County, which
then appears the
only substantial portion of the globe's
surface. Once within
the borders of that blessed shire, the
anxious native makes
breathless haste to reach his own
Township, to tread the soil
and breathe the air of the district in
which he went to school,
to hasten through the hamlet so familiar
to his boyish sports,
to run, to fly shortcut across the
meadow and down the lane,
to rush in at the open door of the
farm-house in which he
was born and to take by surprise the old
folks at home!
(198)
The Lebanon Centennial. 199
Obedient to a law of human attraction we
assemble
here today in social and fraternal
reunion. We are at home.
An irresistible influence of duty and
love, such as draws the
members of a scattered household to the
family mansion and
the maternal embrace, brings more than
one stray child or
foster child back to the lap of Lebanon,
in these last days of
September, 1902.
Lebanon! How pleasantly upon the ear
falls the sound
of the melodious, oriental word. There
must have been a
poetical strain in the sober-minded
backwoodsmen who chris-
tened the town. The corporate seal which
they ordered to be
engraved as emblem, shows in its center,
the semblance of a
cedar, and we infer that whoever gave
the place its name,
had in mind the Asian mountain province
whence Solomon
and the Kings of Assyria hewed timber to
build their temples
and royal palaces. Perhaps piety rather
than poesy may have
prompted our forebears to fix Bible
names upon the settle-
ments they founded as upon the sons they
begot. The roster
of the worthies who sought the milk and
honey of a new
Promised Land in Warren county, reads
like the list of the
generations of the sons of Noah. I find
in our early chroni-
cles, Ichabod, Ephraim, David, Matthias,
Isaiah, Benjamin,
Samuel, Jacob, Israel, Joshua and Moses.
Men who bore up
under the weight of such nomenclature,
were of the strength
to lay the ax to the trees of the forest
and to saw with saws
the rock from the white quarries of
Lebanon. The word
Libanus, el Lebnan, means, to be white,
like our limestone.
An eastern poet sang of the Syrian
mount, "The winter
is upon its head, the spring upon its
shoulders, the autumn
in its bosom, and at its feet slumbers
the summer." Fortun-
ately for agriculture, the hills of this
neighborhood are not so
high. Nature has here supplied all the
conditions favorable
to tillage and the delights of pastoral
life, and no one will
gainsay that modern Libanus, of Warren
county, Ohio, is
always beautiful, whether robed in snow,
or smiling from her
bower of April greenery, or aslumber in
the glow of August.
200 Ohio Arch. and His.
Society Publications.
or gazing out upon the gathered sheaves
of her happy harvest
fields.
Lebanon-urban yet rural, calm,
conservative, dignified
borough-teeming with historic
associations, rich in a her-
itage of culture and eloquence,
celebrated for social charm
and amenity -we have assembled to
commemorate her past
achievement, to rejoice in her present
prosperity, to predict her
future success and affluence. To many of
the men and women
here congregated, the occasion has a
personal and sacred in-
terest. Lebanon is or was their home,
the birthplace of their
children, the burial place of their
ancestors. We have come
together to talk over the by-gone, to
recount the annals of
the village--scene of our struggles,
triumphs, defeats-thea-
tre of our loves and our sorrows - your
town, my town, dear
old Lebanon.
The gentlemen who drafted the centenary
program,
deemed it advisable "That there be
but one, or at most, but
few formal addresses, either by home
speakers or orators from
abroad" in the course of this
celebration, and, as they have set
apart a half day to be devoted to
informal talks and remin-
iscences, by local speakers and visiting
guests," historical
details will not be expected in the
general discourse to which
the present hour is appropriated. Only
the briefest sketch
of the annals of the pioneers, will
claim your attention.
Let no one imagine that the section of
Hamilton county,
from which Warren was carved, May 1st,
1803, was then a
waste, howling wilderness or that the
cabins found on the
site of Lebanon in 1802, were the
first houses built within the
limits of the county. Though the town
had its beginning in
the Northwest Territory and is older
than the state of Ohio,
it was not located on terra incognita.
The agricultural advan-
tages of the Miami country were lauded
by the early explorers
who sounded the praise of the Kentucky
Blue Grass region.
Ever since Benjamin Stites, n 1787,
invested his fortune in a
farm of 30,000 acres, a portion of which
took in the site of
Lebanon; ever since John Cleves Symmes
came from New
Jersey, to spy out the rich domain which
he afterwards pur-
chased, a tract of. 60,000 acres; ever
since Daniel Boone, in
The Lebanon Centennial. 201
1778, was led captive by the Indians
from Kentucky to Old
Town, where Xenia now stands, and
escaping tramped back
through Miami Woods, to the Ohio, and
finally to Boonsboro;
ever since in 1752, now a century and a
half ago, Christopher
Gist, having traveled on horseback
through what he calls the
Mineami Valley, described the lands
which he saw as the fair-
est and most fertile it was possible to
conceive; nay, ever
since English trapper or French trader
had ventured, in 1749,
to traffic with the Red folk on the Big
Miami, exchanging
face paint, gaudy calico and gay
trinkets, for beaver skins,
the tongue of rumor had reported to the
ear of speculation,
the potential wealth treasured in the
soil of Southern Ohio.
No wonder that the pioneer, armed with
ax and rifle, and
carrying the surveyor's compass,
anticipated the rapid spread
of migration over the farmers' paradise
lying between the two
Miamis, and that, as soon as the smoke
of Wayne's muskets
and the curling fragrance from the peace
pipes, at Greenville,
had ascended from the woods to the sky,
the block-house-
builders came, and, "chopping out
the night, chopped in the
morn," raised cabins in the
clearing, and, with mauls of knot-
ted oak, drove into the ground the
palisades of Bedle's sta-
tion, Mounts' station, Deerfield,
Franklin, and Waynesville.
In the period of seven years, from 1795
to 1802,
the rough-
est of the rough work of preparing in
the hunting ground of
the savage a secure place of abode for
civilized man, was
largely accomplished. It was in that
period that our fore-
fathers, the founders of Lebanon, felled
the lofty trees - not
cypress and cedar, but walnut, oak, ash,
hickory and poplar,
of the magnificent forest through which
Turtle creek wound
its soitary way. The trees were cut
down, their trunks be-
came timber, the brush was burned,
gardens were planted.
In due course of progress, town lots
were surveyed and plat-
ted on the lands of Ichabod Corwin,
Silas Hurin, Ephrain
Hathaway and Samuel Manning, and lo,
Lebanon was.
And so it came to pass that when the
ancient mound
builders had vanished, and the Indian
had sullenly departed,
the Saxon moved in and took possession.
The new town was
organized, and all its activities,
public and private, were con-
202
Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
ducted in accordance with the ideas and
usages prevailing in
the best communities existing in the
western settlements of
the time.
Many of the original settlers were of
Southern stock, from
Virginia and Kentucky, others came from
the Middle States;
not so many were from New England. For
the most part,
they were an industrious, money-making,
liberty-loving, king-
hating, devout and large-hearted people.
The men were fond
of talking politics and dogmatic
theology, being, as a rule,
unequivocal partisans and strict
sectarians. Some were Fed-
eralists and others anti-Federal,
according as they worshiped
Hamilton or Jefferson, but all were
patriots and every voter
regarded his ballot as a syllable of
God's own voice. Some
were Presbyterian, some Baptist, some
Methodist, and how-
ever much they might wrangle over points
of doctrine, or
split on the subject of psalmody, all
agreed that the Bible is
true and that church membership is
essential to good standing
in society as well as to the soul's
salvation.
Approving the spirit and letter of the
Ordinance of 1787,
which declares religion, morality and
knowledge, necessary
to good government and the happiness of
mankind, and that
therefore schools and the means of
education shall forever be
encouraged, the inhabitants of Lebanon
have always held
good teachers in high esteem. This is a
suitable occasion on
which to recall the name and to honor
the memory of that
apostle of culture and law, Francis
Dunlevy, who, after hav-
ing assisted in establishing the first
school in Cincinnati, was
induced to remove to Lebanon, where,
within a hut of notched
logs and under a clapboard roof, he
taught and trained ambi-
tious boys to become eminent men, and
influenced aspiring
girls to develop the sweetest graces and
perform the highest
duties belonging to the educated woman.
Dunlevy was as a
voice of one crying in the wilderness
and making straight the
path for the long line of devoted
teachers who have continued
the work he began. Lebanon may justly
pride herself on ac-
count of her Union School and her Normal
University, her
bead-roll of illustrious educators and
the record of scholars she
has sent forth to do service in many
fields of intellectual labor.
The Lebanon Centennial. 203
Ohio boasts that her schools actually do
fit men and women for
practical life. The truth is grandly
expressed in the words of
the great American poet, Kinney, himself
an Ohio man, nur-
tured in Warren county. In his noble
Centennial Ode, read in
the State house at Columbus, in 1888, he
sings exultantly the
glory of our common schools.
"A hundred years of Knowledge! We
have mixt
More brains with Labor in the century
Than man had done since the decree was
fixt
That Labor was his doom and dignity.
All honor to those far-foreworking men
Who, as they stooped their sickles in to
fling,
Or took the wheat upon their cradles'
swing,
Thought of the boy, the little citizen
There gathering sheaves, and planned the
school for him,
Which should wind up the clockwork of
his mind
To cunning moves of wheels and blades
that skim
Across the fields and reap, and rake,
and bind!
They planned the school--the woods were
full of schools'?
Our learning has not soared, but it has
spread;
Ohio's intellects are sharpened tools
To deal with daily fact and daily bread
The starry peaks of knowledge in thin
air
Her culture has not climbed, but on the
plain,
In whatsoever is to do or dare
With mind or matter, there behold her
reign."
It is this mixing of brain with labor
and with definite, in-
domitable purpose that has made Ohio men
proverbially suc-
cessful. The thinking student, having,
by the mastery of knowl-
edge, made a complete man of himself can
do a man's duty in
any sphere, can make a living, can make
money, can make ma-
chines, speeches, books, can find the
road to Washington, can
lead armies, can materialize and
mobilize Ohio ideas into deeds.
By virtue of this education which really
educates, were de-
veloped the latent power of such
statesmen as John McLean and
Governor Morrow; such judges as Collett and Probasco and
Smith; such journalists as Mansfield and
Scott; such orators as
Corwin and Ward; such an actor as
Murdoch; such a poet as
Coates Kinney. These and many more other
men of genius and
204 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
great achievement, were, by birth or
adoption, sons, not only
of the Buckeye State, but of Warren
county, and their fame is
associated with the renown of Lebanon.
Some of my hearers may remember that, at
the head of the
first page of a Warren county newspaper,
there used to stand the
somewhat invidous couplet:
"The Western Star is issued forth,
From Lebanon, the seat of worth."
There may be those resident outside of
the county capital
who would now take exception to the
phrase "the seat of worth,"
and would amend the article so as to
read a seat of worth. Per-
haps some one cherishes the secret
conviction that Waynesville is
the true emporium of the county; another
feels sure that Franklin
is the banner town - or Mason, or
Morrow, or South Lebanon, or
Maineville, or Harveysburg. For my own
part, I consider Ridge-
ville to be the one really great
metropolis of the shire. But no one
can be found in any of the eleven
townships, from Woodville to
Carlisle, from Mount Holly to
Socialville, who will refuse to
grant that Lebanon holds the political
primacy in our local repub-
lic. Lebanon is our Washington on the
Potomac. Every voter
has a certain interest at stake and a
certain responsibility in the
court house -possibly
in the jail. He may have business with
the commissioners, the probate judge,
the recorder, the auditor,
the treasurer. Therefore, and for other
reasons, he is apt to jump
into his buggy, on Saturday, and drive
over to Leb. to look after
his various business fences, criticise
things in general and inquire
into the political situation. There is a
necessary interdependence
between the people of the county seat
and those who live in the
surrounding villages and upon the farms.
In celebrating this
anniversary we celebrate not only the
town of Lebanon but the
county of Warren. The occasion invites
us all to exchange rem-
iniscences, and to contribute for the
general pleasure such expe-
riences and observations as appertain to
the locality. Life is
made up of little things and history is
grateful for every authentic
fact, however trivial or fragmentary.
My own recollections of Warren county
run back to the days
of my early boyhood. Many a time I came
from my home, in
The Lebanon Centennial. 205
Clearcreek township, to Lebanon, in a
wagon or by stage coach,
many a time on foot. Often my father
took me through Lebanon
with him as he drove to or from
Shakertown, whither we went
in spring or autumn to buy young fruit
trees. Starting from the
farm, our adventurous chariot,
regardless of mud or dust, rolled
on, bearing us through renowned Utica or
remoter Pekin, cities
I have read of in Olney's Geography, and
which, before I had
seen them I half expected would burst on
my view shining
"With gilded battlements
conspicuous far,
Turrets and terraces and glittering
spires!"
but which, alas for childish illusion,
appeared, when seen, no
more magnificent than Merittsville or
Minktown. Occasionally
my father's affairs required him to
extend an excursion as far as
to the Green Tree, the Blue Ball, or
even to the Red Lion, way-
side hostelries each identified by its
painted sign, a tree intensely
green, a ball vividly blue, a lion
redder than a cardinal's gown.
These pictured boards continued to
flaunt and swing in the wind
long after the proprietors of the Indian
Chief, the Golden Lamb
and the Bull's Head, in Lebanon had
taken down their sign and
quit business. It was in the parlor of
the Bull's Head that Eng
and Chang, the Siamese Twins, gave a
reception once upon a
time. For all roads ran to Lebanon.
Lucky the thorp, on the
grange which was close by the pike.
The country folks used to go to the
"seat of worth" to pur-
chase dry goods and groceries from James
K. Hurin, from Boake
and Hardy or from Noble and Lewis. We
never missed a county
fair. I well remember one of those
competitive shows, at which
I was elated as only a small boy can be,
by receiving a cash pre-
mium of one silver dollar for the finest
exhibit of dahlias.
At a period somewhat later, when I, like
all Ohio boys, began
to take a zealous interest in the Spread
Eagle, the Goddess of
Liberty, the Scales of Justice, and the
like, I frequently found
my way to Lebanon, to witness some
exciting trial in the court
room, or to attend a political mass
meeting for the purpose of see-
ing and hearing some distinguished
speaker - Ewing or Chase,
or Stanton, or Schenck, or Campbell or
the incomparable Cor-
206
Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
win. I count among the most intense pleasures of my life
that
of listening to Corwin address a crowd
from a platform. No
other orator disputed his pre-eminence.
He never needed to win
an audience; his auditors surrendered in
advance, pressing
eagerly to the front, so as not to lose
a word or a gesture. The
boys of all ages, understood and
relished the utterances of him
they fondly called Tom.
His witticisms were repeated in parlor
and kitchen, in every
hotel and barn, and in the school yard
where lads, spinning tops
or wrangling over a game of marbles,
mixed with their jargon
quips and epigrams from Corwin.
Lebanon was a power house charged with
political electricity.
Every man was a dynamo. Hot wires
conducted the current to
various stations in the county. Even the
boys and girls were
rabid Whigs, Democrats or Freesoilers.
Violent personal jour-
nalism was much in vogue in the
eighteen-forties and fifties.
Every city and village boasted at least
one bellicose editor.
I suppose there are many persons in
Lebanon who remember
the veteran newspaper man, Wm. H. P.
Denny, for many years
proprietor of the "Western
Star," to which he gave the motto,
"Be just and fear not." Dear,
amiable, portly, keen-eyed Wm.
H. P. Denny! I can fancy I see him in
the printing office, his
shirt sleeves rolled up, his white,
small hands a little inky, a
goose quill pen stuck over his ear, as
he stands beside the press
ready to pull the lever! That goose
quill dripped Whig vitu-
peration, that press stamped ignominy
upon locofocoism. But the
man was as gentle as he was valiant.
Denny was one of the first
who had a home on the Floraville side of
the creek, in the aristo-
cratic quarter, though no man was more
demoncratic, more social,
more hospitable than he. His house was
that of a St. Julian, his
board instead of groaning, laughed under
its festal load.
Lebanon! Lebanon before the wa -she was
Athens and
Rome to my unsophisticated, bucolic
fancy. The county capital,
that was a place worth going to see.
There one might behold the
court house, with its tall, red spire;
the prison with its barred
windows; the fine churches, the bank, the stylish
stores, the big
hotel, and Tom Corwin's house with the brass knocker on
the
door!
The Lebanon Centennial. 207
You might have your daguerreotype taken
in Lebanon, by
Mr. Vanneman, who had been a major in
the Mexican war, and
whose sword and plumed helmet hung on
the wall of his studio.
Or you might have your portrait painted
by Marcus Mote, whose
name and diminutive size were in
artistic correspondence with the
miniatures he delighted to make. If you
wanted to read, you
could find a very respectable library at
the Mechanic's Institute;
or you could obtain the latest
literature of Ira Watts at his book
store, connected with the postoffice. We
had lectures in Leb-
anon, and "revivals," and
debates and concerts and theatricals,
and now and then an elocutionary
entertainment by Robert Kidd.
Once in a while there came to town a
meritorious panorama -
Frankenstein's Niagara, for instance,
and a most interesting
canvas, illustrating Kane's Arctic
Explorations.
The old Warren county canal began or
ended in Lebanon.
I have a dim memory, a shadow picture,
of a ruinous canal boat,
lying at rest on its stagnant waters.
The reservoir, an artificial
lake, remained, a thing of beauty, long
after the canal had been
abandoned. Delightful recollections of
the old "Reser" linger
with me -recollections of swimming,
skating, rowing; of duck-
shooting on "Goose Island," of
moonlight strolls along the bor-
der of the still lagoon and of
sentimental talk subdued by the roar
of the "tumbles" where the
water overflowed down rocky steps.
It seems but yesterday when the South
Western Normal
Schools was organized in the brick
Acadamy, and I now solemnly
confess, after the lapse of more than
forty years, that however
much the charm of prospective education
attracted me to the
Seminary, I was even more enchanted by
the bewitching and be-
wildering company of Lebanon girls who
flocked to the assembly
hall. Tennyson's "Dream of Fair
Women" was indeed but a
dream in comparison with that
"sober certainty of waking bliss."
No wonder that aspiring young fellows
came racing from all
parts of the Buckeye state, smitten with
a sudden passion for
learning, and that some of them were a
long time in finishing
their elective courses in the
"Normal."
Several events of local interest took
place in Lebanon within
the period of five years, from 1855,
when the Normal School
was started, to 1861, when the breaking
out of the Civil War
208
Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
wrought so many changes. I witnessed the
dedication of Wash-
ington Hall, in December, 1856, an
occasion on which the young
people enjoyed themselves intensely,
especially on the evening
of the Firemen's ball. They "danced
all night, till broad daylight,
and went home with the girls in the
morning."
The scenes of gaiety which signalized
the opening of our
first public hall, were in strong
contrast with the serious but
dramatic proceedings held on the same
floor on the evening of
April 16, 1861, the day after Lincoln
sent out his call for vol-
unteers, and four days after the
bombardment of Sumter. I shall
never forget that meeting. It was a
gathering of men some in the
flower of youth, others verging on four
score, but the oldest felt
young and the youngest suddenly grown
mature was eager to
prove his manhood by relinquishing all
that youth values most
- ease, pleasure, home - to take upon
him the soldier's burden,
to fight, and if need be, to die for the
Union. Durbin Ward
made a brief terse speech, eloquent for
its simplicity. He was the
first man in the congressional district,
to enlist. A paper which he
had drawn up, pledged those who signed
it to the service of their
country. This paper was passed from hand
to hand, and many
names were written upon it. There was no
noise, no shouting,
the still white heat of patriotism
consumed all smoke of outward
demonstration. The meeting was solemn
throughout, and at its
close, the audience dispersed as quietly
as a congregation leaving
a church after listening to an
impressive sermon.
Only a week elapsed from the date of the
Washington Hall
summoning until the day of the departure
from Lebanon of the
company of volunteers commanded by
Captain Rigdon Williams.
Hundreds of citizens-- men, women and
children--assembled
in front of the Lebanon House to bid the
boys farewell. A sword
was presented to the captain and the
banner to the company. A
parting benediction devoted the young
soldiers to a sacred cause
and to the care of God, and they marched
away.
There may be, today, in the village,
possibly in this hall,
some one who, then a youth, stood in the
ranks of that company,
on that spring morning, twice twenty
years ago. Now, per-
chance, a scarred veteran, he wears upon
his lapel a tiny, unos-
The Lebanon Centennial. 209
tentations button the badge of the G. A.
R. We take off our
hats to him.
Let us no longer dwell upon
reminiscences of
"Old, unhappy, far-off things,
And battles long ago,"
nor cling over fondly to memories however
pleasing, of what
has been or might have been. Too much
retrospection clouds
the prophetic eye, and checks the ardor
of resolve. Leave it to
old men to dream dreams of past struggle
and victory; the young
shall see visions of coming enterprise
and glorious achievement.
"The world belongs to them who come
the last." The volume
of the century is closed. What shall be
written in the book of the
next hundred years? What shall be
attempted, what accom-
plished, by those who are to continue
the work thus far carried
on? We march to the music of the future.
What is Lebanon
to become? The question appeals not to
one village only, but
to all the cities and towns of the state
and Nation. Ohio alone
has at least seventy municipalities of
more than five thousand
inhabitants each, and eight hundred
smaller towns. Progress is
relative. Some places have advanced,
others have stood still,
others have fallen behind. So it has
been, so it shall be. Which
shall decline and die? Which flourish
and increase?
Our Saxon ancestors worshiped the god
Wish, who, they
believed, could give them all they
longed for. Whatsoever the
people of this or that particular place
really and earnestly desire,
that they may possess, provided they all
will and work with the
wish. Solon, when asked if he had
devised the best possible
laws for a certain Greek city, replied:
"Yes; the best laws they
are prepared to receive; the best they
can appreciate and en-
force." The wise Solon saw that so
long as the citizens remain
inert, apathetic, the law giver cannot
much help them. There is a
noble discontent which sometimes stirs a
community to great ac-
tion. Some persons are fatally satisfied
with things as they are.
They say, "Let us alone! Don't
bother us with agitating
thoughts! A little more sleep and a
little more slumber, and a
little more closing of the eyes in sleep
!" These good, inoffensive
14-Vol. XI.
210 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
drowsing citizens had best rouse up, or
some automobile may
run over them. They should heed the
pithy slang of the stren-
uous time, and "get a move on
them." First, the desire, then
the resolution, then the action. Though
the will be the father
to the deed, the will is not the deed.
Hercules attended to the
prayer of the Roman warrior, who begged
for sword in hand, and
fought while he implored the divine aid.
When Socrates was pleading with the
Athenians for his life,
he said: "I would have you know
that if you kill such a one
as I am, you will injure yourselves more
than you will injure me.
For if you kill me you will not easily
find another like me who,
if I may use such a ludicrous figure of
speech, am a sort of
gadfly, given to the state by the God;
and the state is like a great
and noble steed who is tardy in his
motions owing to his very
size, and requires to be stirred into
life. I am that gadfly which
God has given the state, and all day
long and in all places I am
always fastening upon you, arousing and
persuading and re-
proaching you !"
Socrates was one of those conscientious
citizens who tried
to convince and persuade his fellow
townsmen; he strove to make
them see and understand what would be
best for the public
in the long run, and to act accordingly.
Always and everywhere
there will be more or less need for such
gadflies. Sometimes
they are regarded as a nuisance, as was
Socrates. They may
come in the disagreeable guise of the
kicker and the crank. But
they come also as philosophers and
seers, though not always
recognized as such by the world.
The subject of municipal government for
the cities and vil-
lages of Ohio has been thoroughly
discussed during the last
three months. The Nash code has given
rise to endless debate.
We have heard and read much about
boards, charters, home rule,
the federal plan, the merit system, and
the related powers of the
legislative, the judicial and the
executive department. Laws and
ordinances are not self-operative; they
are only convenient instru-
ments which human intelligence may apply
in the management
of public affairs. There is perennial
truth in Pope's maxim,
"Whate'er is best administered, is
best." Wise men will conceive
wise measures; good men will give good
service. Call the wisest
The Lebanon Centennial. 211
and best to take charge of those
responsible offices on which the
common welfare depends. Every councilman
and every execu-
tive ought to be "spotless and
fearless" - his reputation not only
above reproach but above suspicion. Does
this sound trite? sen-
timental? visionary? The voter's duty -
if there be such thing
as duty, such function as independent
balloting--was and is
and shall be to select and elect none
other than high class men
-letter A, number 1 citizens for members
of council, for mayor,
clerk, treasurer, marshal, street
commissioners, solicitor and
trustees of public affairs. Select them,
elect them, then encour-
age, support, honor and audit them with
eternal vigilance.
Municipal perfection is unattainable,
but prudent and persist-
ent effort may create a village
approximately ideal. We conceive
of such a village, so located, so
situated, platted, graded, drained,
lighted, shaded, as to meet every
requirement of modern sanitary
science. Every street, lot and building
within the corporate lim-
its will be so clean that no
pestilential microbe can find induce-
ment to move into town. Not a neglected
vault, malarial pool
or foul alley, breeding possible
infection, will be found on public
or on private property. Plants for the
disposal of sewage and
garbage will not be lacking; perhaps
public opinion will demand
the erection of a crematory, and
certainly a hospital will segre-
gate the victims of contagion and
provide for all who may suffer
from bodily accident or disease.
The model town will be healthful, but
not only that--it
will be convenient and in every way
conducive to comfort.
Houses will be so built and so furnished
and provided as to afford
body and spirit the true delights of
home. The smoke nuisance
will be abated. There will be appliances
by which rooms are
cooled in summer and warmed in winter.
The trustees of public affairs will see
to it that the latest
and best inventions for saving the
people's money, time and en-
ergy will be adopted. They will
economize by providing, with
business sagacity, the most approved
system for supplying what
the village demands and is willing to
pay for.
The water works will work; the
sprinkling carts will sprin-
kle; and the fire engines will put out
the fire. The street cars will
run according to promise on the schedule
and there will be no
212 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
abandoned rusty tracks and forlorn wires
deluding the stranger
into the fallacy that where there is a
line there must be a trolly.
The wheels will spin along the avenues
of our village and the
electric lamps will shine like fixed
stars not like fitful lightning
bugs.
Every village which expects to live and
grow must foster
industries of some description; must
produce something which
the world wants, whether from farm,
factory, studio or school.
A town can not prosper without the
assistance of wide-
awake business men. Not only the
commercial traveler, but the
uncommercial traveler, hates to strike a
sluggish town in which
there is no activity of trade. Look in
at the stores, the banks,
and see whether the town is prosperous.
Stop at the hotel and
ask of the drummer what he thinks; he
knows better than any
one else that such and such a place is
forging forward, or at a
standstill, or going backward.
Rapid transit-ready and cheap
transportation-are im-
peratively demanded by the necessities
of the age. When trains
fly from New York to Chicago in sixteen
hours, nobody will
choose to spend half a day in getting
from his farm to the county-
seat. The inhabitants of our well
regulated, industrious, enter-
prising village - with its up-to-date
methods of trade and travel,
will not be satisfied with only the
utilities; they will recognize a
virtue in pleasure and will so provide,
especially for the benefit
of the young that no one need go away
from home to seek recre-
ation and amusement. The old acetic idea
is exploded--
the idea that all gaiety and sport
should be relegated to Satan and
his crew. The voice of religion and
morality, in these modern
days, advocates joyful living as a means
of reforming evil. The
argument is that since people will try
to enjoy themselves, in one
mode or another, in a bad way and a bad
place, if no better
are provided, the philanthropist should
endeavor to make the
innocent pleasures more attractive than
the vicious and guilty
ones.
The men, women and children of the town
and vicinage we
are picturing, will take pride in
calling attention to their gym-
nasium, ball grounds, tennis courts and
golf links, as well as to
their libraries, lecture halls, schools
and churches. They will be
The Lebanon Centennial. 213
aware that the world is astir with
genial pursuits, and that emula-
tion "pongs" to the
"ping" of example. If the young folks of
Tipville can have a nice country club,
why can not the young
folks of Toptown? If the band plays
every Saturday for the
people in Ashburg Park, why may there
not be concerts in the
public square at Oakbury? These will not
interfere with the
Chautauqua Summer School, nor with the
services of the Salva-
tion Army. Many varied notes harmonize
to make life "one
grand, sweet song."
People of refinement receive much
pleasure and much pain
through the sense of sight. They delight
in the beautiful and
abhor the ugly. The municipal
improvement league of the town
we are talking about will make war on
whatever is hidious or
revolting to good taste. Disfiguring
bill boards will be hacked
down. Ramshackle buildings and fences
will not be tolerated.
The man who suffers his property to
deteriorate, his gutters to
clog with slime, his yard to be
overgrown with weeds or littered
with rubbish, is to be frowned upon and
regarded as obnoxious
to censure. The village, instead of
presenting to the eye any-
thing unsightly, will delight the
beholder by its variety of grace-
ful forms and enchanting colors. Every
street will afford a lovely
vista. There will be charming driveways
and walks, fair lawns
and flowering gardens, choice shade
trees and clambering vines.
A pervading sentiment will encourage
architects to follow their
best lights and never compel them to
outrage the principles of
art. Piety will shrink from dedicating
to God a sanctuary such
as Lowell calls a "contract sham,
with vaulted roofs of plaster
painted like an Indian squaw." The
holiness of beauty shall be
regarded as in complete harmony with the
beauty of holiness.
Behold the not impossible village of the
future, the consum-
mation of the hope of the social
economist and the dream of the
reformer. The lot of those who are
shaping the destiny of the
town we celebrate is cast in pleasant
places. Years ago, a dis-
criminating traveler from England, the
distinguished Canon Far-
rar, declared that in no other part of
the world had he observed
conditions better suited to promote
human happiness than those
prevailing in many of the towns in the
state of Ohio. Not in the
vast and crowded cities, not in the
remote and inaccessible ham-
214 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
lets did this foreign sojourner find civilization at its best, but in the smaller cities and larger villages of our own Buckeye com- monwealth. Assuming that his judgment was correct, we surely have cause for self-congratulation, and we may well thank Di- vine Providence that the lines are fallen unto us in a region so favored. A prophet of old rejoiced, even with joy and singing, in the excellency of Carmel and Sharon, and in the glory of Lebanon. The fertile plain of Sharon now lies waste. Carmel is a desolate ruin. Yet thriving villages still smile amid gardens of the date and the olive on Mount Lebanon, where patient husbandry has sustained organized communities, for at least three thousand years. If such survivals are possible in Asia, under the oppres- sion of every species of Oriental misrule, what may not we hope for our young, free-born, untrammeled town, alive with fresh blood from the very heart of the New World ? We predict for our Lebanon a destiny desirable and glorious beyond the augury of dream of any ancient seer or modern bard of Eastern lands. We rejoice, but not with the selfish, vain glory of jealous provincialism. We are proud of Ohio; Ohio is a flourishing branch on the tree America. We love Lebanon; Lebanon is a fair blossom on the vigorous bough. The rich sap of modern civilization, derived from all ages and all countries, feeds the roots of the tree. Here and now, in this village of happy memories and glad omens, we renew our faith in self-government, in human progress, in the essential rightness of the spirit of the age, in the ultimate of the true, the good and the beautiful. |
|
THE LEBANON CENTENNIAL.
ORATION OF WILLIAM H. VENABLE.
[NOTE--On Thursday, September 25, 1902,
the people of Lebanon, War-
ren county, Ohio, held appropriate
exercises celebrating the one hundredth
anniversary of the settlement of that
time honored town. The exercises
were held in the opera house, Mr John E.
Smith acting as President. There
were many distinguished speakers present
who made addresses. Our space
in this Quarterly will not permit of the
extended report which we would
like to make, but on account of its
literary excellence and historic value
we produce in full the oration of
Professor Venable, the well known author
and litterateur.- E. O. R.]
The loyal American citizen, whenever and
wherever he
may chance to hear the familiar words,
"My Country, 'tis of
three," thinks first of the United
States; but the next moment
his mind is thronged with thoughts of
some particular state,
of whose rocks and rills and woods and
templed hills, his
heart forever sings. Promptly his
patriotism pays homage to
Old Glory and his gratitude spells
Nation with large capitals;
then his state pride singles out the One
from the Many-in-
One. If he be an Ohio man, his
imagination magnifies that
lesser Commonwealth, until it takes up
the entire map of his
affections and the vast sky scarcely
affords space for the big
O he would inscribe upon its scroll. But
the mighty State
dwindles and fades when his returning
footsteps eagerly bear
him toward his unrivaled County, which
then appears the
only substantial portion of the globe's
surface. Once within
the borders of that blessed shire, the
anxious native makes
breathless haste to reach his own
Township, to tread the soil
and breathe the air of the district in
which he went to school,
to hasten through the hamlet so familiar
to his boyish sports,
to run, to fly shortcut across the
meadow and down the lane,
to rush in at the open door of the
farm-house in which he
was born and to take by surprise the old
folks at home!
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