Ohio History Journal

INDEX.

 

A.                           hunters, 57; hunted in the spring, 57;

love of nuts, 57; skins of little value,

Aboriginal Races of North America, The,                                           57; "King" of, 58; fond of pigs, 58;

see Drake.                                                                                   seized women and children, 58; more

Account of the History, Manners and                                                common in Iroquois country, 58; and

Customs of the Indian Nations, An,                                             panther fight, 60; sacrificed to dead,

see Heckewelder.                                                                       140.

Achewilens, a "rich man," 146.        Beard, pulled out, 12.

Achsunnami1unschi, Delaware   name   for                             Beaver, season, 13; described, 61; scarce

sugar maple, 48.                                                                         in 1780, 61; fur valuable, 61; caught

Admonition, Indians resent, 120.                                               by perfumed decoy, 61; dams, de-

Adultery, retaliated, 77.                                                                     scribed, 61-G2; tail edible, 62; hunted

Age, few Indians knew their, 145.                                             constantly, 62.

Aged, charms made by, 83-84; favored in

Beds, nature of, 17, 155; clothing, 17.

the chase, 91; well cared for, 123.

Bed-bugs, common in Indian lodges, 75.

Agriculture, Christian Indians give up                                       Be   ,          n

hunting for, 4. cf. 44.                                                 'Beach, white and red, 47.

hunting for, 14. cf. 44.

Allegheny, region described, 42;.   w h     Bees, unknown in Ohio before Moravians

Allegheny, region described, 42; weather

in, 42.                                 came, 152.

in, 42.

Allegheny mountain, mentioned, 42         Belts, custom of giving, 32; see wampum.

Allegheny mountain, mentioned, 42.

Allegheny        River, early            name, 33; de-      Bequests, of dead carefully carried out,

Allegheny        River, early            name, 33; de-

88.

scribed, 42-43.                              .

scribed, 42-43„.  . -,Berries, Muskingum                     Valley, 45.

Alligewi S.'po, see Allegheny River.                  s

Ambassadors how received 93                 Bcson, described, 25; see doctors.

Ambassadors, how received, 93.

Bethlelhem Diary, cited, 1,0.

Amenorrhoea, treatment for, 157.

Bibliography, /.eisherger, 10-11.

Ancestors, prowess long remembered, 146-    Bibliograpy, Reierger        , 10-11

Big Reaver River, Monseys lived on, 159.

Ar.l, nm  fo  mot   of, 15Big Bone Lick, mentioned, 110.

April, name for month of, 145.

Arithmetic, Indians made no progress in,                                 "Bi    nives", origin of expression  122,

144.                                                                                             172.

Arrow-heads, knives   made   from   flint,                                Big Stillwater Creek, mentioned, 173.

shaped like, 28.                                                                   Birds, of Middle West, 65 scq.

Ash tree, 47.                                     Blanc Barbus, The, mentioned, 154.

Aspen trees, 52.                                                                          Blackbird, mentioned, C9.

Asthma, treatment for, 157.            Black Snake, in fight with a hawk, 72.

August, name of month of, 145.     Blcm, Turkey tribe, 92.

Bliss, E. '., Diary of David Zeisberger,

B.                          mentioned, 4.

Blood-letting, common, 27; method of,

Babes, carrying boards falling into disuse                                        27.

in 1780, 85-86; common cause of in-                               Bloody flux, mentioned, 24.

jury to, 85..                                                                         Bluehird, mentioned, (9.

Baily, Francis Journal of a Tour in un-                                      Boards, for carrying papooses, in disfavor,

settled parts of North tAmerica, cited,                                       85.

11il.                                                                                      Bodics, of Indians weaker than     Euro-

Ball, game described. 11S.                                                                peans, 149.

Banta, Dr. A. M.. mentioned, 9.     Boils, common, 149.

Beads, strings of, 94.                                                                  "Pott-ms", chosen by Indians becaise of

Bean, see "Earth bean",                                                                     rich soil, 44.

Bear, season, 13; in swamps, 38; in Mus-                                 Bracelets, use of, 15.

kingum   Valley, 57; dens noted by                                   Bracket fungus, mention-d. 20.

(174)

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Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.                     175

 

Breasts, Indian method of increas'ng se-                                          Charms, for bringing presents, 83; to

cretions of, 164.                                                                          hold lovers true, see Love Charm.

Bread, sacrificed to fish, 139.                                                            Chase, charm  for hunters in the, 83.

Breathing, "''doctors" cured by, 25.

Breathi" c   d b, 25.           Chauwalanne, Indian name for species

Brown, Peter A., quoted, 154.

,Pete,  A., quoted, 14.           of Eagle, 67; approach foretells bad

Buffalo, hides of little value, 13; de-           ae, 67

weather, 67.

scribed, 59; tamed, 59; deserted Mus-

kingum  Valley, 58; calves remained                                       Cheating, common, 19.

with dead dam's skin, 59; on Wabash,                                       Cherokee River, see Tennessee.

110.  .Chestnuts, mentioned, 46-47.

Buffalo - fish, mentioned, 73.                                                           Chiefs, attempt to stop liquor traffic, 90;

Burial, customs, 88-90.                                                                      of Tortoise tribe first take rank, 92;

Burning at the stake, described, 106-107.                                          not absolute rulers, 92; must make

Butter, Indians use of, 14.                                                                  themselves loved and honored, 92-93;

Buzzard; mentioned, 68.                                                                     expected to entertain, 93; must sup-

ply his own wants, 93; perform com-

C.                                                              mon services, 93; must keep the tribe

Cabinet work, black walnut used in, 46.                                             in good repute abroad, 93; hold the

Camp, Indians late in breaking, 22; meth-                                        council  ag and keep the archives,

ods of making, 22; time of pitching,                                          93-94; leadership in the council, 94-

22; sites, easily identified, 114.                                                  97; supported by wealthy members of

Canada, Moose migrate from, 38.                                                 the tribe, 95; speak in council through

Canada, Moose migrate from, 38.

Cannibalism, known only among Iroquois,                                       a spokesman   95; use of figurative

107, 1t9.                                                                                      language, 97; principal duty to main-

tain peace, 98-99; have no right to

Canoes, use of, 23; methods of making,         in                                a, 98;      ae          t to

23; described,? 39; buried in winter                                                          war, 98; must accede to cap-

23; dce       3    br     iw      ,       tains if latter declare for war, 98;

157.

how  chosen and deposed, 98; must

Captains, attend council, 98; can declare                                          be member of tribe over which he

war but not peace, 98, 100; choose                                           rules, 98; cannot be succeeded by sons,

and remove chiefs, 98; represent the                                        98; have oversight of embassies, 99;

people, 98; hold up hands of Chiefs,                                          must keep his tribe together, 99; must

100; deference paid to, 11; methods of                                     keep his town in order without use

choosing and training, 101-102; must                                        of force, 99   usually obeyed read-

prove right to office, 101-102; live in                                        ily, 99-100; combat liquor, 100; pos-

accord with Chiefs, 102; duties in war,                                     sessions distributed to all the tribe,

103-105; send other captains tobacco,                                      100; chosen by common consent, 100;

108; preserve life in battle by med-                                          control the captains, 100; chosen by

icine, 127.                                                                                   one tribe for another, 112; ceremony

Cards, Indians played, 118.                                                               of election, 112; ignored if not prop-

Carrying girths, use and manufacture of,                                         erly elected, 113; may be admonished

16, 24.                                                                                         by chiefs or people, 113; practices on

Case, Dr. J. T., on modern treatment for                                         a. journey, 119; method of disclosing

snake bite, 158.                                                                           a secret, 120; determine prosperity

Cassiopeia, see Stars.                                                                         of the tribe, 123; in mourning, 150;

Cat-bird, mentioned, 69.                                                                    death of, 150.

Cat-fish- mentioned, 73; drowned a fisher-                                     Children, not made to work, 16; seldom

man, 73.                                                                                      punished, 16, 81; sleep apart, 17;

Cattle, Indians rarely kept, 14; belong                                              clothing, 17; marital bond loose if

to women, 16; easily cared for in Ohio                                    there are no, 20, 79, 85; lack respect

in winter, 45; prevented grazing in                                            for age, 76; customs in naming, 80;

daytime by gadflies, 75.                                                           called by name, 80; allowed to do as

Cayuga Lake, mentioned, 39.                                                           they please, 81; women sometimes

Cedar, swamps in New York, 37; red,                                              punish, 81; orphan treated kindly,

61.                                                                                               81; loved, 85; property of mother,

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176                                  Index.

 

98-99; may stay with father in case                                 Cursing, unknown among Indians, 85;

of separation, 99; Indians fond of                                      see Obscenity.

white, 141.                                                                          Cuyahoga River, mentioned, 43, 162.

Chills and fever, mentioned, 24.

China Clay, see Kaolin.                                      D.

Christian Indians, give up hunting and

take up agriculture, 14.                                                       Dances, daily indulged in, 18; customs,

Chwoame Gischuclh, "Shad month", (see                                         18, 118; houses, 18; music, 18; treaty,

Mlarch).121; war, 121; Iroquois dance War

Cinnabar, used to dye shirts, 87.                                               Dance in time of peace, 121; at feasts,

Claws, deer, used for rattles, 105.                                             137.

Clay, four kinds, 55.                                                                   Dead, bequests carefully carried out, 88;

sacrificed to, 140; meat (hog or bear)

Cleanliness, little practiced, 16, 86; more                                         sacrificed to, 140; meat (hog or ear)

common among Delawares than Iro-                                      offering to, 140; drink (rum) offer-

quois, 17.                                                                                    ing to, 140.

Coffins, made by later Indians, 89.      Death, distribution of belongings after,

Coffins, made by later Indians, 89.

Colden, Cadwallader, History of the Five                                        87-88; feared by Indians, 148.

Indian Nations, cited, 159.             Debts, customs concerning, 92; Indians

slow      to pay, 117; cancelled at out-

Consciences, missionaries, only, knew the                                      slow      to pay  117; cancelled at out-

Indians, 20.                                                                                 break of war, 117.

Consumption, treatment for, 157; not ben-                               Deceit, Indians master of, 19.

efited by sweating-ovens, 159.     Declaration of \ar, how made, 114.

Conversation, peculiarities of, 116.       December, name for month, 146.

Copperheads, described, 71.                                                      Deer, most sought for game, 13; killed

Coral, used in dress, 86.                                                                     for hides only, 14; each Indian kills

150 every           fall, 14; hoe made of

Corn, in Iroquois country, 40; the "wife"     sh   der-                e of,   8  desie, 57-

shoulder-blade of, 28; described, 57;

of the Indian, 139; bear's flesh sac-,                                       57

colors of coat, 13, 57; facts con-

rificed to, 139; sacrificed to deer and    cerng    yo   ,   ; v    e of ps,

bear~~,              139. ~~cerning young, 57; value of pelts,

Corn-meal, 1.food and d                     rink fo  j57; White, called by Indians "King",

Corn-meal, food and drink for journey-.

in-a, fode  ad d r -       64; Indian boy celebrates killing his

ing made of, 22.

ing made of, 2-2.                                                                       first, 75; corn sacrificed to, 139.

Corpse, how prepared for burial, 89; dis-                                                      a             used as raes   10.

Deer claws, used as rattles, 105.

entombed by Nantikokes after three               .

emontomehs, 90.  NatkksaDegeneration, of Indians, mentioned, 130,

months, 90.                                        .

131, 135.

Council bag, kept by Chiefs, 93; suc-            Rr,       Saw     e ld at

cession of,0. „Delaware River, Shawanese lived at forks

cession of,  .of100.

Council house, purpose, 93.

De Schweinitz, Edmund, Life and Times

Councils, ceremony   observed, 93, 96;                                           of David Zeisborger, cited, 156, 159,

young men admitted to learn use of                                         160, 170, 172.

formal language, 96; smoking at, 96;                                Desertion, not uncommon, 82; barrenness

women never admitted, 96; provisions                                     causes, 85.

for, 96; discussions at, 97; speeches                                  Devil, Indian idea of, 130; found only

sent in name of three tribes, 111.                                       among white people, 130.

Counsellors, duties, 93, 99; not always con-                             Diarrhoea, common, 149; remedies for,

suited, 123.                                                                                  150, 157.

Counting, methods of, 144.                                                        Diary of David Zeisberger, mentioned,

Courting, methods of, 78.                                                                  4.

Cowardice, common to redmen, 19.    Dice, the Indian "National" game, 118;

Crab-apples, mentioned, 46, 161.                                              long  game   between   two  Iroquois

Crane, described, 65; will attack    its                                         towns, 119.

enemy, 65; unpalatable to Indian, 65;                                Diet, Indian, 116.

trumpeting, 65.                                                                    Diseases, of Indians, 24 seq.

Creation, Indian idea of, 128.                                                     Dishes, seldom  washed, 16, 86.

Credit, Indians glad to buy on, 117.       Dislocations, well reduced by Indians,

Crows, did much damage, 68.                                                           149.

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Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.                       177

 

Divorce, fate of children in case of, 98-                                  Europeans, Indian estimate of the, 121;

99.                                                                                              disguise secret enmity toward, 122;

Doctors, charlatanism  of, 25 seq; prac.                                         devil originated among, 130.

tices of, 25, 148; prices charged by,

25; remedies secret, 150; labor cases                      F.

attended by both male and females,

158.                                                                                    Famine, threatened primeval Indians, 28,

Dogs, make houses filthy, 17; wolfish                                              159

nature of Indian, 31.                                                          Fauna, of Muskingum     Valley, 57, seq.

Dog-wood, mentioned, 51.           Feasts, 137; see Worship.

Drake, Samuel Gardner, The Aboriginal                                  February, name of month of, 146.

Races of North America, cited, 154.                                 Felon, cured by blue violet decoction,

Races of North America, cited, 154.

Dreams, determine profession to be fol-          8.

Female diseases, treatment of, 56.

lowed, 101; influence of, 120; pre-             diseases, treatment of,

tended, 120; effects on boys, 127-128.                             Fevers, Indian treatment of, 55, 157; able

Dress, Indias,    to predict result of, 55.

Dress, Indian's, 15; female, 86.    Fields, abandoned by Indians, 44.

Dropsy, treatment for, 157.

Dropsy, treatment for, 157.               Figurative language, cleverly used, 97.

Drums, how made, 18.

Drums, how made, l8.             Finches, mentioned, 69.

Ducks, wild, 65; migrate, 65.

Dug-outs, method of making, 30. Finery, Indian women loved, 86; men

Duties, of men, 13, 82; of women, 13, 82,                                       disregard, 86.

87.                                                                                       Fir-trees, mentioned, 51.

Dysentery, mentioned, 24, 157.   Fire, worshipped, 138; "grandfather" of

Indians, 138.

E.                       Firewood, early method of making, 29.

Fish, Indians cook well, 14; Iroquois

Eagle, described, 67; nests, 67; brave                                               lived on, 38; killed an eagle, 67; of

fighter,  67;  killed  by  fish,  67;                                                Muskingum River, 73; bread sacrificed

"Forked", 67.                                                                               to, 139.

Ear, cutting helix, 12.                                                                 Flint, used to make knives, 28.

Earth, Indian   notions concerning  the,                                     Flood", legend of "The, 131-132.

147, 148.                                                                              Food, always well cooked, 14.

"Earth-bean", 47.                                                                        Fool's Gold (Iron pyrites), 164.

Eat-all feasts, mentioned, 138, 173.                                           Fort Frontenac, mentioned, 41, 161.

Eels, of Pennsylvania, 38; of New York,                                  Fort Ligonier, mentioned, 43.

38; rare in the Muskingum      River,                                  Fox, season for hunting, 13; three kinds,

74.                                                                                               60.

Election, of Chief, ceremony, 112, 113.                                   French Creek, Venango early name of,

"Elephants", supposed to have existed in                                           42; Onenge Indian name of, 42, 162.

America, 110.                                                                     Friedenshiitten, mentioned, 36.

Elk, hides of little value, 13; gave name                                    Friends, do not desire possession of de-

to Muskingum River, 44; found along                                        ceased friends, 88.

Muskingum as late as 1780, 44; com-                                Friendships, Indian boys form   peculiar,

pared to   European  stag, 58; men-                                          119.

tioned, 164.                                                                          Frogs, mentioned, 75.

Elm-wood, paste made of, 23.      Fuel, determined location of towns, 87;

Elm-tree, mentioned, 51.                                                                   gathered by women, 87.

Embassy, Cherokee to                    Delawares, 150,

Embassy, Cherokee  to           Delawares, 150,  Funeral observances, 89, 90; of Nanti-

kokes, 90.

Embassies, how chosen and sent, 96.         Future life, Indian idea of, 129.

Emetic, administered to bring luck, 84;

whimsical Indian concoction for, 158.                      G.

cf. "Vomit Town".

Epilepsy, not common, 149; bloodletting                                   Gadflies, prevent cattle grazing in the

for, 149.                                                                                       daytime, 75.

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178                                   Index.

 

Game, killed by Indian belonged to wife,                                         women's, 12; reason for its straight-

16; larger in North than in South,                                              ness, 154.

14.                                                                                       Hare, described, 64; white, 64; worshipped,

Games, description  of Indian, 118-119;                                          140; strange legend concerning, 140.

certain taken from Europeans, 118.                                  Haste, journeying Indians seldom in, 22.

Gar-pike, mentioned, 73, 74.                                                     Hats, some Indians wore, 15.

Geese, wild, 65; migrate, 65.                                                     Hatchets, manufacture, 28; purpose of,

Gekelmukpechunk     [Gekelemukpechuenk]                                  28.

mentioned, 136, 170.                                                          Iawk, mentioned. 67; in fight with a

Gelelemend, mentioned, 172.                                                           hlacksnake, 72.

Genealogies, Indians well versed in, 146.                                 Iawthorne, bush, mentioned, 47.

Geological Survey of Ohio, cited, 166.                                      Headache, rum   sacrificed to, 140; treat-

Gifts, made trouble, 124.                                                                   ment for, 148.

Girths, see Carrying girths, hemp.                                            Headstones, erected, 89; red, for Cap-

Glikkikan, mentioned, 172.                                                               tains, S9; physicians, adorned with

God, ideas of, 128-129; mentioned by im-                                      tortoise shell, 89; warriors, bear rec-

postors, 133-135; reverenced in feats,                                      ord of exploits, 89.

138; dwells beyond sun rising, 138;                                   Ileckewelder, John, An Account of the

worshipped in sweating-ovens, 138.                                         History, .lIanners and Customs of the

Gold, whatever glitters Indians called,                                             Indian Nations, quoted on temper of

54.                                                                                               Indian women, 155; on marital fidelity,

Good Health, cited, 158.                                                                    155; on Indian pride, 156; on Indian

Gonorrhoea, treatment for, 158.                                                       courage, 156; on alleged hardships of

Goschgosching, mentioned, 22, date of                                            Indian women, 155; on Indian division

beginning mission at, 33.                                                            of ownership, 155; cited, 157, 158,

Goschgoschuenk,    Delaware    (Mlonsey)                                     159, 170, 172.

town on Allegheny River, 156.                                          Hell, unknown     to  Indians, 130; see

Gossip, Indian women, 116, 124.                                                      Machtandolnwinck; Cf. 134-135.

Government, of each Indian nation, in-                                    emorrhage, mentioned, 24, 158.

dependent, 92; of Indian nations, de-

dependent, 92; of Indian nations, de-   Hemp, used to make carrying girths, 16.

scribed, 92 seq.

~~~scribed, 92 seq.                                     25; mentioned, 155.

Gravel, treatment of, 157.                                                         Heron, mentioned, 6S.

Grain, bottom land too rich to grow win-                                  Hickory trees, mentioned, 47.

ter, 44; high ground chosen for, 44.                                   Hides, skinned by flint knives, 28.

Graves, how made, 88-89; face the west,                                History of the Five Indian Nations, see

89; visited by friends, 89-90; of chil-      olden.

dren visited by mothers, 140.                                             History  - - - of   the  Indian   Tribes,

Great Lakes, extent, 43; traders on, 43.                                            The, see Schoolcraft.

Greeting,  Indian  method, 11; never                                        History of the Mission of the United

hypocritical, 115.                                                                       Brethren, see Loskiel.

Ground-hog, described, 64; eaten by In-                                  Hoe, deer shoulder-blade used for, 28.

dians, 64; chews its cud, 64.                                               Hog, meat offering to the dead, 140.

Grouse, method    of escaping  pursuers,                                 Home life, described, 81, 82; division of

66.                                                                                               labor, 82.

Guests, well treated, 120.

Gull, mentined, 152.                                                                  Honey-locust, mentioned, 47.

Gull, rmentioned, e152.         b                                                 Hoop-ash, barrel hoops made from, 47.

Guns, rifle-barrelled, used by Delawares                                Hoope,    entioned, 68.

Hoopoe, mentioned, 68.

and Shawanese, 85.

and Shawanese, 85.                                     Horn-fish, mentioned, 37.

~H.                                   E~H~Iorn-snake, see Copperhead.

Horses, belong to men, 16; used little

Hackihewi Gischuch, "planting month",                                           by  Indians except for riding, 87;

see April.                                                                                    Indians too lazy to break, 87.

Hair, nature of Indian's, 12; turns white.                                   Hospitality, Indian, 120, 121.

12;  styles  of, 12;   treatment   of                                      Housekeeping, customs, 16.

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Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.                     179

 

Houses, character of, 17; description of                                            immorality proven by lack of chil-

Iroquois, 17; Indians learn to build                                             dren, 20; only aged moral, 21; love of

regular, 18; interior, described, 86;                                            children, 21; have concubines, 21;

rarely locked, 123.                                                                      families sometimes large, 21; capacity

Hulbert, A. B., Washington's Tour to the                                            for work, 21; clever mentally, 21; ex-

Ohio, cited, 159.                                                                          eel in iron work, etc., 21; superiority

Humming bird, mentioned, 69.                                                          in the forest, 21; never lost, 21; never

balked on a journey, 22; always find

Hunting, appropriate  seasons for, 13;        balked on a journey, 22; always find

food, 22; never in haste on journey,

Christian Indians give up, 14; feasts,

to bring luck in, 84; parties, rules                                                22, 120; break camp late in the day,

governing, 91; favor to old men, 91;                                      22, 120; eat heartily before journey-

governing, 91; favor to old men, 91;

ing, 22, 120; camp at sun down, 22,

grounds, Kickapoos gave Delawares                                         ng, 22, 120; camp at sun down, 22,

and Wya s on W h 12.                                       120; use of snow   shoes, 22; food

and Wyandots, on Wabash, 142.

andie Wyndots, ponoab , 1 ,.  ,taken on journeys, 22, 120; canoes

Hypocrites, Indians poor, 115.

quickly made, 23; elm paste for re-

I.~~~ ~~pairing canoes, 23; diseases due to

exposures, 23; suffer from rheumatism,

Idol, Indians had one, 141.                                                                 sores, chills, fevers, dysentery, vene-

Indians (in general) Stature, 12; color,                                              real diseases, 24, 55; modes of car-

12; hair, 12; ornaments, 12; several                                           rying burdens, 24; poor nurses, 24;

duties of men and women, 13, 82;                                            treatment of sick, 24; knowledge of

raised vegetables by, 12; hunting, 13;                                       herbs, 24; doctors, 25; superstitions,

sugar boiling, 13, 48; change customs                                       25; treat external injuries, with suc-

upon conversion, 14; have few cattle,                                       cess, 25; cure snake bite, 25; be-

14; fond of milk and butter, 14; eat                                            come doctors when they grow     old,

only well-cooked food, 14; kill game                                        25; pay doctors large fees, 25; feign

for skins only, 14; rarely shoot wolves,                                     to cure with breath, 25; use sweat-

14; modes and materials of dress, 15;                                       ing-ovens  frequently, 26; doctor's

state dress, 15; shoes, 15; hats, 15;                                             practices, 26; methods of blood-letting

women's dress, 15; women's orna-                                           and cupping, 27; recollections of early

ments, 15; jewelry, 15; gave women                                       history, 27; legend   of coming of

results of chase, 16; women supply                                          whites, 27; primitive implements, 28;

the men, 16; division of ownership                                            tobaccos, 28; knives, 28; hatchets, 28;

of cattle and horses, 16; lax control                                          kettles and pots, 29; stories of primi.

of children, 16; girls labor, 16; use                                            tive hunting customs, 29; primitive

of wild hemp, 16, 25, 155; unclean-                                         blankets, 29; ancient use of bow,

liness of utensils, 16; dogs unclean,                                           29; primitive fire-making and carry.

17; beds and tables, 17; mats, 17;                                              ing, 29; underground dwellings, 30;

blankets, 17; boys and girls sleep                                              early dogs, g1; early wampum, 31;

apart, 17; women's attire, 17; chil-                                           legend of Iroquois conquest of Dela-

dren's clothing, 17; huts and houses,                                         wares, 32; acquaintance   with  and

17; Iroquois and Delaware huts com-                                      use of petroleum   oil, 52; make lit-

pared, 17; learn to build houses of                                            tie use of salt springs, 53; ceremony

whites, 18; laziness, 18; labor of old                                         when boy kills his first deer, 75;

men and boys, 18; games, (dice and                                       ancient respect for old age, 76; lack

ball), 18; dance every night, 18;                                               of respect for age sign of decay, 76;

noisy dancing, 18; musical drums, 18;                                     retaliation  for adultery, 77; men-

pride, 18; belief in dreams, 19; in                                              struation customs in different tribes,

Satan's power, 19; masters of deceit,                                       77; formal courtship and marriage

19; credulous, 19; cheating and steal-                                      customs, 78; presents to and from

ing, 19; thieves go unpunished, 19;                                           newly-married  couples, 78; ancient

hide anger, 19; remember revenge, 19;                                  customs disappearing, 78; husbands

peace-makers, 19; quarrels settled by                                     an'd wives sometimes faithful through

payment of wampum, 19; cowards. 19;                                 life, 79; parents cannot arrange a

treacherous, 19; known only by long                                       marriage against will of the children,

acquaintance, 20; grossly immoral, 20;                                  79; decay and immorality accounted

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180                                 Index.

 

for, 79; women strong physically, 80;                                     they please, 90; frequently live apart

child-birth and nursing, 80; choice of                                       from  towns, 90; much engaged in

names, 80; custom of praying over a                                      liquor traffic, 90; women sell rum,

child, 80; children, only, called by                                           90; inability to control liquor trade,

name, 80; children   never  coerced                                        90; treatment of murderers, 90; fre-

or reprimanded, 81; children often                                           quently murder when intoxicated, 91;

well-bred, 81;  children  sometimes                                         pay relatives of victims, 91; easily

angered by women, 81; women often                                     escape punishment for murder of rela-

ill-tempered, 81; methods of punish-                                       tives, 91; thieves escape punishment

ing children, 81; fear of revenge                                              on payment being made, 91; gov-

saves children  from                    corporal pun-                        erned in hunting by recognized rules,

ishment, 81; stricter                     than   whites                          91; treat old men graciously when

about marriage of blood-relations, 81;                                     hunting, 91; debtors must pay or

average family, 81; twins rare, 81;                                          friends must pay, 92; purchasers when

infants' food, 81; orphans, 81; women                                      dissatisfied  may return  the goods,

manage the home, 81; family distri-                                        92; tribes involved in war by un-

bution of labor, 82; husbands desert                                          ruly members, 92; tribal organization,

wives after misunderstandings, 82;                                           92; chieftain's duties, 92; treatment

marriage customs, 82; commit sui-                                         of ambassadors by chiefs, 93; coun-

cide over disappointments in love, 83;                                      cil and council-house, 93; chiefs keep

use of love charms, 83; use charms                                         the archives and belts, 93; council

to get presents, 83; same for the chase,                                    procedure, 93; wampum described, 94;

83; ascribe ill-fortune in hunting to                                           language in council, 96; messages and

presence of missionaries, 84; believe                                       carriers, 96; youths train to be mes-

dreams affect hunting, 84; skillful in                                         sengers, 96; women never admitted

use and repair of guns, 85; take pride                                       to council, 96; methods of making

in good work, 85; never curse, 85;                                            addresses, 97; habit of having some-

use obscene expressions when    en-                                        thing in the hand when delivering

raged, 85; mothers love children, 85;                                       a message, 97; method of refusing by

carrying children on a board causes                                        making figurative replies, 97; use of

sickness and death, 85; custom   ob-                                         peace-pipe, 98; chiefs cannot declare

solete, 85; men and women seldom                                         war, 98; custom  of choosing chiefs,

sterile, 85; consider barrenness good                                        98; inherit tribal rights from mother

cause for desertion, 85; houses fairly                                       only, 98; division into tribes a guard

clean, 86; dogs scatter fleas, 86; uten-                                      against incest, 98; children belong to

sils rarely clean, 86; use of spoons,                                          the mother, 98; rarely punish children

bowls, etc., 86; women love finery, 86;                                    through fear of later separation of

men dress meanly, 86; women's dress,                                   man and wife, 99; regard wives as

86; clothing seldom washed, 87; paint                                       strangers, 99; chiefs not succeeded

faces and bodies, 87; women dress                                          son, 99; chiefs expected to keep clans

shabbily when old, 87; method of                                             united, 99; method of choosing chiefs,

locating towns, 87; move towns be-                                          100; captain's office and influence, 100;

cause of lack of fuel, 87; use horses                                          methods of concluding    peace, 100;

seldom except to ride, 87; know noth-                                      boys trained to become captains, 101;

ing of inheritances, 87; widows re-                                           warriors, 102; war-parties, size and

ceive none of husband's goods, 87;                                           and deportment, 103; methods of mak-

dislike to be reminded of departed                                            ing war, 103; barbarities when vic-

friends by possessing their goods, 88;                                       torious, 104; treatment of prisoners,

widows and widowers do not marry                                         105; custom of burning at the stake,

for one year, 88; treatment of wid-                                          106; not cannibals, 107; tribes take

ows, 88; customs concerning funerals                                      the name of place where they dwell,

and burial-places, 88; graves dug by                                         111; method of election of chiefs,

old women, 89; customs concerning                                         112; ignore chiefs not properly elected,

grave-markers, 89; men ashamed to                                        113; reprimand chiefs, 113; methods

weep at funerals, 89; political rela-                                           of writing on trees, 114; method of

tions, 90; free agents, 90; live where                                         declaring war, 114; modes of meeting,

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Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.                      181

 

115; ignore empty compliments, 115;                                       tive preachers, 133; preacher's idea

make no sign of greeting if enmity                                            of Heaven, 134; morals weakened by

exists, 115; tobacco indispensable, 115;                                    preachers, 135; modes of worship and

mix sumac with tobacco, 116; intro-                                         sacrifice, 136; observe eat-all feasts,

duce fanciful thoughts in conversa-                                          138; dance decently at feasts, 137:

tion without interruption, 116; laugh-                                         celebrate  various kinds  of  public

ing common, 116: attentive listeners,                                        feasts, 137; pay off old scores at

116; never interrupt, 116; never shame                                     orgies, 139; celebrate private feasts,

one another, 116; love to be treated                                           139; kept in slavery by. the devil

as worthy, 116; pleased to know they                                        through dreams, 140; disdain native

are liked, 116; treatment of guests,                                            sacrifices after conversion, 140; make

116; principal diet, 116; like to talk                                             offerings to spirit of the dead, 140;

of important affairs, 116; women usu-                                     imagine trivial pains to be caused by

ally smoke, 116; women carry stories                                      spirits, 140; travel long distances to

from house to house, 116; men scout                                        graves of children to sacrifice, 140;

women's tales until confirmed, 116;                                         reverence the hare, 140; legend about

articles of trade, 117; glad to cheat                                           the hare, 140; idols, 141; ornaments,

and steal, 117; fond of buying on                                              141; fond of white children, 141; re-

credit, 117; ignore creditors when pos-                                     gard twins fortunate, 141; languages,

sible, 117; offended if dunned, 117;                                          141-142; study oratory, 142; lack re-

cancel all debts at outbreak of war,                                           ligious expressions, 143; adept_s at dis-

117; traffic among themselves, 117;                                         sembling, 143; language easy to pro-

women sell rum, 117; appoint sacri-                                         nounce, 143; have few monosyllables,

fices in rum, 117; exchange everything                                   144; have ten words meaning bear,

but breech clout for rum, 118; youth                                        144; count up to hundreds of thou-

dance  every  night, 118; mode of,                                           sands, 144; unable to grasp large num-

dancing, 118; games, 118; towns con-                                      bers, 144; women count on 'fingers

test in gaming, 119; use of bows, 119;                                       because of poor memory, 144; make

boys form close friendships, 119; cus-                                     little progress in arithmetic, 144; usu-

toms on journeys, 119; never hurry                                         ally count in Dutch money, 144; know

on journeys, 120; eat before jour-                                           little of writing, 145; esteem a sealed

neying, 120; dislike having evil acts                                          letter highly, 145; writing may last

disclosed, 120; dislike admonition, 120;                                    fifty years, 145; ashamed of their

forward   messages   received   from                                      Indian names, 145; method of reck-

dream, 120; treat guests royally, 120;                                      oning time, 145; do not know their

treaty         dance, 121; war dance, 121;                                  age, 145; names for months, 145;

attitude       towards  and   opinion  of                                       differ as to beginning of the year,

Europeans, 121; love the French, 122;                                     145; well versed in genealogies, 146;

call whites Big Knives, 122; rarely                                          respect the rich, 146; remember feats

guilty of violence or theft, 123; do                                           of ancestors in wars with Cherokees

not lock houses, 123; care of aged,                                          and Iroquois, 146; never formally di-

123; assist poor and needy, 124; pos-                                       vide territory, 147; bound territory by

sess negroes who                     intermarry, 124;                      rivers, portages and mountains, 147;

never   forget  being                cheated,  124;                           have no conception of geography, 147;

strange notions of giving and receiv-                                       ideas of the sun, 147; ideas of thun-

ing, 124; women lie and gossip, 124;                                       der, 148; name certain stars, 148; no-

fear a bad name, 125; witchcraft and                                     tions of astronomy, 148; greatly fear

sorcery, 125; use of the witchball, 126;                                   death, 148; impositions of doctors,

religious beliefs, 128; fear of death,                                        148; use of white walnut bark, 148;

129; idea of God, 129; idea of devil                                         seldom go mad, 149; suffer from boils,

not native, 130; idea of soul, 131;                                             149; proficient in setting broken bones,

believe in transmigration, 131; tra-                                          149; method of setting broken leg,

ditions of flood, 131; idea of their                                            149; treatment   of  toothache, 149;

origin, 132; belief in  spirits, 132;                                              laugh at one who cries out in an

reception of native preachers, 133;                                          operation, 149; little affected by mis-

influenced against Europeans by na-                                      fortune, 149; suffer from  diarrhoea,

• 8
 

182                                   Index.

 

149; often suffer from overdoses, 150;                                            (New   Vork) described, 36, 37, 39,

widows observe mourning      customs,                                            40, 58; orchards, 39; various tribes

150; high regard of peace-pipe, 151.                                                (Oneidas,   Senecas,   Onondagas,

Indians (by tribes).                                                                                    Mohawks, Cayugas, Tuscarawas)

Catawba, mentioned, 108.                                                                 40; language, Wyandot resembled,

Cayugas, mentioned, 40, 41; see Iro-                                               40; \yandots al ied to, 40; entcr-

quois.                                                                                          prise in war, 40; langrage easier

Cherokees, early relations with Dela-                                              to learn than Delaware, 41; de.

wares, 32 seq.; wars w;th S x Na-                                            generation, 41; little engaged in

tions and   Wyandots, 33; trade                                                 trade, 41;   private  customs   of

with Delawares, 54; guilty of tor-                                             women, 77; marriage planned by

ture, 107; dialect, 142, 146.                                                        parents, 79; guilty of torture, 107;

Chippewa, dialect, 142; classed with                                                 towns had dice tournament, 119;

dark-skinned Indians, 154.                                                          danced  war dance in     t:me  of

Creeks, [Moskos] war with Shawanes-,                                             peace, 121; dialect, 142; oratory

108, 147.                                                                                     boastful, 142; name for Cassiopeia,

Delamattenos, see Wyandots.                                                           148; tribe of Senecas known as

Delawares, Zeisberger first met, 3, 4;                                              Mingoes in West, 154.

legends of "conquest" by Iroquois,                                   Kaskaskias [Kaskaski], leagued with

8, 34 seq.; 146-147; women braid             Delawares, 108; dialect, 142.

hair, 12; more cleanly than Iro-                                       Kickapoos   [Kikapus]   leagu:ed  with

quois, 17; one family in a house,                                               Delawares, 108; gave Delawares

17; history, 27 seq.; tribal divi-                                                 hunting   grounds   on   Wabash

sions, 27; early   relat:ons  with                                                 River, 142; dialect, 142; gave Wy-

Cherokees, 32 seq.; called "Woa-                                             andots hunting grounds, 147.

panachky", 36; claim to Ohio land                                    Mahikanders, see Mohicans.

recognized   by   Wyandots,    33;                                    Menomonies, mentioned, 154.

language more difficult than Iro-                                     Miamis [Twichtwees] private customs

quois, 41; date of leaving Alle-                                                  of women, 77; leagued with Del-

gheny River, 43; buy pipes from                                              awares, 108; dialect. 112.

Cherokees, 54; private customs of                                    Mohawks, 40; see Iroquois.

women, 77; use     rifles, 85; at-                                        Mohicans   [Mahikanders]   war   with

tempted formal village, 87; leagued                                         Iroquois, 36; leagued wIth De'a-

with many nations, 108; attitude                                                wares, 1C8; dialect, 141.

in Revolutionary War, 109; made                                    Money, Indian terms for European,

powerful by    Chief Netawatwes,                                            144.

111; without real ruler, 113; name                                    Monsey, mentioned, 27; dialect, 141-

(Lenni Lenape)    114; sold land                                                142; lived on Beaver River, 155;

treacherously to whites, 122; en-                                              see Delawares.

deavored to extirpate "witch-ball",                                   Moskos, see Creeks.

126; relation of language to var-                                       Nantikokes, strange burial custom, 90;

ious nations, 142; dialects, 143;                                                  originated  famous   poison,  126;

drove of Iroquois, 146.                                                              dialect, 141.

Five Nations, see Iroquois.                                                        Oneidas, 40; see Iroquois.

"Flatheads"   [Twightwees]   see  Mi-                                       Onondagas, 40, 155; see Iroquois.

amis.                                                                                   Ottawas, mentioned, 19; dialect, 142;

Hurons, see Wyandots.                                                                      small stature, 154.

Iroquois [Six Nations, Five . Nations]                                       Pottowatamies,   leagued  with   Dela-

visited by Post and Zeisberger, 2,                                             wares, 108.

3; archives kept by Zeisberger, 3;                                     Senecas, 40; see Iroquois.

women braid hair, 12; less cleanly                                   Shawanese, [Shawno]     women   braid

than Delawares, 17; houses, 17;                                                 hair, 12; private custom of women,

treacherous, 20; at war with Cher-                                            77; used rifle-barrelled guns, 85;

okees, 33; legend of "conquest"                                                  guilty of torture, 107; war with

of Delawares, 33 seq.; country                                                 Creeks, 108; history, 108; at odds

• 9
 

Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.                      188

 

with Delawares, 109; use of war                        K.

beson, 127; dialect, 142.

Sioux [Su] mentioned, 115.                                               Kaolin, or Chino Clay, mentioned, 164.

Six Nations, see Iroquois.                                                  Kekalemchpehoon , Delaware capital at

Tukashas            [Tuckachachas]                                             Nleagued                                                                   Newcomersto n, 0., 156.

Tukashas      [Tuckachachas]              leagued           Kentucky, settleents in, 43.

with             Delawares,  1081;           dialect,            Kentucky, settlenents in, 43.

142                                                                             Kentucky River, mentioned, 162.

Keokuk, height <f, 154.

Tuscarawas, mentioned, 40, 41.

Tuscarawas, mentioned, 40, 41.          Kettles, made of clay and sea shells, 29.

Twightwees, "Flatheads", see Miamis.

Twightwees, "Flatheads", see Miamis.      Kindness, an In ian characteristic, 123,

Unalochtgos, see (Wunalachtico) Del-                            124.

aware.

~~~~aware.  ~Kittaning [Kittat nuenk] Pa., Shawanese

Unami, mentioned, 27; dialect, 141,                                 at, 109.

144; lived on Tuscarawas River,       Knives, made of flint, 28.

159; see Delawares.                                                   Knowledge, incr ase of among Indians,

Wawiachtenos, leagued    with  Dela-                              brought incre sed wickedness, 131.

wares, 108; dialect, 142.

Wunalachtico, [Unalochtgos] a tribe                        L.

of Delaware Nation, 27; see Del-

f Delaware Nation, 27; see Del-  Land, Delawares sell treacherously, 122;

~~~~aware.  ~boundaries an                   divisions, 147.

Wyandots, [Wiondatoo, Wiandots, Del-   Language, Indian described, 141-144; dit-

amattenos] women braid hair, 12;                            ference of di lects due to separation,

treacherous, 19; war with Cher-                                141; Unami, t41; Wunalachtico, 141;

okees, 33; recognized Delawares'                             Monseys, 141; Mahikanders, 141; Nan-

claim to Ohio land, 33; allied with                             tikoks, 141; Shawanese, 142; Miamis,

Iroquois, 40; language like Iro-                                  142; Wawiacltanos, 142; Kickapoos,

quois, 40; came to    Muskingum                                142; Tuckach chas, 142; Creeks, 142;

for vermillion, 55; guilty of tor-                                Kaskaskias, 142; Ottawas, 142; Chippe-

tuie, 107; called Delamattenos by                             was, 142; Cterokees, 142; Iroquois,

Delawares, 110 (see Thomas); dia-                          142; Wyandols, 142; Delawares, 141-

lect, 142; given hunting grounds                                 142; two principal (Iroquois and Dela-

by Kickapoos, 147.                                                             ware), 142;  ronunciation easy, 143;

Ingratitude, an Indian characteristic, 124.                                 richness of, 44.

Inheritances, unknown   among Indians,            Laughter, common among Indians, 116;

87; see Death.                                                                     at pain, 149.

Immorality, wide-spread, 20.                                                    Laurel   (wild   ox),  mentioned, 163;

Injuries, no method of recovering dam                                    swamps of, b ars haunt, 153.

ages for, 92; friends asked to make            Laurel Hill, mentioned, 42.

good, 92.                                                                              Lawless, persons driven away by friends,

Insane, Indians, seldom, 149.                                                        92; have involved most tribes in war,

Insane, Indians, seldom, 149.

92.

Iron pyrites, see Fool's Gold.

Iron, Indians clever in working, 21.       Laziness, commo,      de

Legend,   of   D lawares   being                               made

"women", 34 scq.; 159.

Lenni-Lenape, se   Delawares.

Jack's mountain, mentioned, 162.                                               Leggings, describd, 86.

January, name for month, 146.                                                  Ligonier, Pa., mentioned, 162.

Linden, mentioned, 47.

Johnson, Life and Times of, see Stone.                L     ,

Johnson, Sir William, mentioned, 36, 106.         Liquor women mngage in trade of, 90;

chiefs attemp  to stop trade in, 90;

Journal of a Tour, see Baily.                     ses murde, 90; see Rum.

Journey, provisions taken for, 22; routine           Little Turtle, metioned, 171.

while on, 120; leaders on, 119.                                           Liver complaint, treatment of, 157.

July, name of month of, 145.Lizards, mentioned, 72.

June, name for month of, 146.              Logan, height oi, 154.

• 10
 

184                                   Index.

 

Loon, described, 68; skin used to make                                     2Menhangik, "travelling companions", Iro-

tobacco pouches, 68.                                                                 quois name for Cassiopeia, 148.

Loskiel, Rev. Henry, History of the Mis-                                  Menstrual, customs among      women   of

sion of the United Brethren, quoted,                                          various tribes, 77-78.

155, 159; version  of Iroquois "con-                                  Mental power, of Indians, 21.

quest" of Delawares, 159.                                                 Midwives, mentioned, 80.

Love Charm, sold by aged, to hold lovers                                Milk, Indians' use of, 14.

faithful, 83.                                                                        Milky Way, the road to the Spirit Land,

Lowanen, the North Star, 148.                                                           148.

Lynx, described, 64.

Lynx, described, 6.                                        Minerals, Muskingum   Valley, 53, 54.

~Mc.~~   ~        Mitchner, C. H., Historic Events in the

Me.

Muskingum   and Tuscarawas Valleys,

McClure, Rev. David, Diary, quoted,                                               cited, 172.

156; on sweating-ovens, 159; on In-                                 Missionaries, only really knew  the In-

dian dancing houses, 156; on Indian                                         dian, 20; blamed   for bad luck in

marital fidelity 156, 171.                                                          hunting, 84; improvised spiritual ex-

pressions, 131, 143; hated by native

M.                           preachers, 135; threatened by sorcer-

ers, 172.

Machtando, the "Evil One," 130.            Mocking bird, mentioned, 69.

Machtandonwinck, "with the devil," 130.

,., .,<   ., ,    ~Monongahela River, explanation of name,

Machtuzin, "to perspire", name of fire,

138.

Months, names, see respective names.

Manittos, Indian idea of, 132-133; each

Indian has his, 132; used in wor-                                      Moose, in Iroquois land, 38; migrate from

ship  of fire, 138; determined    by                                           Canada, 38; described, 63.

dreams, 139; worshipped, 139.                                         Moravian, Archives, Zeisberger's Mss. in,

Mantewits, mentioned, 101.                                                               6.

Maple, mentioned, 47.                                                               Mortimer, Rev. Benjamin, on Zeisberger,

Maple sugar, making described, 48.51;                                            5.

profit from, 50; in the fall, 48.                                           Mosquitos, mentioned, 75; made camping

"Marble", white and red, (sandstone),                                              in forests intolerable, 75.

54.                                                                                       Mosquito-hawk, mentioned, 152.

March (month) most Indians begin year                                 Mounds, of early Indians, 30.

with, 145.                                                                           Moundbuilding, Indians, 159; remains, at

Marital vows increasingly ignored, 78-79;                                       Lichtenau,   159;  covered    charnel

reasons therefor, 79.                                                                  houses, 159.

Marriage, usual age of, 20, 82; Iroquois                                   Mourning, for chief, ceremonial, 150-151.

customs, 79; not compulsory, 79;

customs, 79;  not complsory, 7;                            Murder, caused by liquor, 90; committed

slightest provocation disrupts, 82; ar-                                        by person intoxicated not punished,

by person intoxicated not punished,

ranged by parents, 170.                    90; persons intoxicated in order to

Marten, furs greatly valued, 63.

Marten, furs greatly valued, 63.                                                    commit, 90-91; atoned   for by fine,

Materia Medica, of Indians, 25, 55 57.                                             1

Match-making, formal custom   of, 78.

Muscular 'development, among    Indians,

Mats, of rushes, Indian women color, 17;

Schoolcraft on, 154.

use of, 17.

Mattapassigan, famous    poison  of the                                    Muskingum    River, reached by Delaware

Nantikoks, 126.                                                                            about 1773-4, 43; name and meaning

May, name for month of, 145.                                                          of, 44; described, 44; navigation, 44;

May Apples, mentioned, 47.                                                             frozen, 45; fish of 73.

Meat, Indians cooked well, 14.                                                  Muskingum   Valley, berries, 45; nuts, 46;

Mechmenawvngihilla, Indian     name   of                                        vines, 51; deserted by buffalo, 59;

Monongahela River, 43.                                                             snakes 69.

Medicine, roots, herbs and barks used as,                                  Muskrat, described, 63; burrowings dam-

26; large doses common, 25, 55.                                                age dams, 64.

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Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.                     185

 

N.                          etc., 53; taken internally, 53; sold to

whites, 163.

Names, Indians ashamed     of, 80, 145;                                    Old age, lack of respect for, sign of

prefer those given by whites, 145.                                             deterioration, 76; preceded dissolute

Nations, divided into three tribes, 92;                                                 living, 79.

named from the places in which they                                Opossum, described, 62; lived in carcasses,

live, 111.                                                                                      62; rarely eaten by Indians, 62.

Negroes, owned by Indians, 124; made                                    Orators, training, 95-96, 143

free, 124; intermarry, 124.                                                 Oratory, Indian, 142-144; very boastful,

Netawatwes, Chief of Delawares, men-                                           142; required much knowledge, 142;

tioned, 96, 111, 113, 171; ceremony                                         often veiled, 143; without hesitation,

at death 150.                                                                                143; men constantly trained in, 143;

Neville's Island, scene of traditional bat-                                          see language.

tle between Delawares and Cherokees,                             Orchards, Indian, in New York, 39.

159; located, 171.                                                                Origin, Indian no tradition of their, 132.

New York, lakes of, described, 161.                                           Oriole, mentioned, 69.

Niagara Falls, mentioned, 38; Indians lived                               Ornaments, described, 141.

on fish killed at, 39; Iroquois killed                                      Orphans, treated kindly, 81.

going over, 39; Iroquois saved on                                      Otter, described, 61; skins used for to-

Goat Island, 39.                                                                           bacco pouches, 115.

Nine-pins, game of, 118.                                                            Overdosing, common, 150.

Nitgochk, "My    companion   in  play",                                    Owls, mentioned, 68; tobacco sacrificed to,

familiar title among Delawares, 143.                                       139.

November, name for month of, 146.

Nursing, Indians poor at, 25; of wounded,                                 Packoatgo, Tortoise tribe, 92; first In

remarkable, 25.                                                                          rank, 92.

Nuts, of Ohio, 46; oil used, 46.                                                   Painting,  common    among   men    and

women, 87; of loose women, 170.

^~~O. 'Panther, described, 59; power of leaping,

60; never caused injury unprovoked,

Oak. trees found in Muskingum Valley                                            60  never caused injury unprovoked,

47.                                                                                              60; method of awing, 60; in bear

Obscenity, Indian form of swearing, 85.                                         fight, 60.

Obstetrics, Indian treatment, 158.                                             Parkman, Conspiracy of Pontiac, cited,

160.

October, name for month of, 146.

Oneida Lake, mentioned, 39.Papooses, change in method of carrying,

Onenge, Indian name of French Creek,                                           85; see Babes.

42.                                                                                       Paralysis, treatment for, 158.

Parrots, found along the Muskingum,

Ohio, climate described, 44; little snow                                            68. common to the southward, 68.

falls in, 44; varying climate in north-                                arsnips, wild, 47.

ern and southern, 44; winters have                                    artrids, live ner

Partridges, live near settlements, 66.

many cloudy days, 45.                                                      Paste, made from elm-wood bark, 23.

Ohio Country, described, 42; weather in,                                 Paw-paw, mentioned, 46.

42.                                                                                       Peace-pipe, described, 151-152; see Pipe.

"Ohio Path", mentioned, 171.                                                    Pennsylvania, central and western por-

Ohio River, named by Iroquois, 33; nav-                                         tions, described, 36 seq.; swamps, 37;

igation of, 43; east side early settled,                                        fish, 37.

43; floods, 110; flood drive animals to                              Personal liberty, of Indians complete, 90.

high ground, 110.                                                                Petticoat, see stroud, 86.

Ohio State- Achaeological and Historical                                 Pheasants palatable to Indians, 66; killed

Society Publkcations cited, 159.                                                by birds of prey, 66; lay many eggs,

Oil, secured from nuts, 46; three kinds of                                         66.

wells described, 52-53; methods of                                  Phlegmon, treatment for, 158.

securing, 52; used to cure tooth-ache,                               Pigeon, described, 66, in great flocks, 66.

53; swellings, rheumatism, strains,                                    Pigeon-hawk, mentioned, 67.

• 12
 

186                                   Index.

 

Pike, mentioned, 37, 73.                                                           Prostitutes, method of painting, 170.

Pipes, description of stones and clays                                    Ptucksit, Wolfe tribe, 92.

which made good, 54; red "marble"                               Putting shot, contests, 118.

made best, 54; Delaware and Cher-

okee trade in, 54; of peace, described,                    Q.

98; and pouch, indispensable, 115.

Pitch-pine, mentioned, 51.                  Quarrels, settled by wampum, 19.

Pitcher. Dr. Zina, on Indian diseases and

R.

materia medica, 157-158.

Pittsburg, position, 42-43.                Raccoon, season              for hnng, 13; de-

Raccoon,  season             for h tmning, 13; de-

Plains, western, described, 115.

Plains, western, described, 115.                                                      scribed, 60; skin used for hats, 61;

"Planting month", see April.                                                             flesh tasty, 61.

Planting, begins in May, 13.                                                     Rain prophets, trickery, 129.

Pleurisy, treatment for, 157.                                                    Rattlesnake, described, 70; bite easily

Plover, mentioned, 152.

healed by Indians, 70; in    Susque-

Plums, mentioned, 46.

_Plums, mentioned, 46.                         hannah Valley, 70-71; said to poison

Poison Ivy, mentioned, 56; some Indians               72; power to charm, 72; men-

itself, 72; power to charm, 72; men-

easily affected by, 56.                    tioned 153.

Poisons, knowledge of, 56.                           men     e

Red bird, mentioned, 69.

Pole-cat, described, 62; relished by In-   Red jacke,    eight of, 14.

. X  ,  -~Red Jacket, height of, 154.

dians, 62.

P dians, 62.re aogIdns      1Religion, Indian, described, 128, 132.

Polygamy, rare among Indians, 81.

Potlygamy, rare aong Indianse, 81.          Revenge, an Indian characteristic, 19.

Pontiac's Rebellion, mentioned, 156.

Poor, treated kindly, 123-124.                                                  Revolutionary War, lawless Indians in.

Poplar, mentioned, 47.                                                                      volved peaceful nation in, 92; un-

Pots, made of clay and sea-shells, 29.                                             managcalle Indians involved the Dela-

Potato, wild, 47.                                                                                 wares in, 92.

Porcupine, described, 63; quills colored                                  Rheumatism, treatment for, 24, 55; com-

for ornamentation, 63.                                                              mon to women, 24.

Pouches, for tobacco, indispensable, 115;                                Rich, Indians much respected, 146; give

fancy, IC.                                                                                  Chiefs wampum, 146.

"Praying over the child", custom of, 80.                                  Rifl-bharrl-]d guns, favored by Delawares

Preachers, influence of w:cked    native,                                         and Shawanese, 85.

133; impostures of, 13:-134; influence                             Road-belt, described, 95.

against Europeans, 133; introduced                                  Rock Fisl, menti,-ed, 37.

polygamy, 135; claimed equality with                            Roofs, various types, 18.

God, 135; hated missionaries, 135.                                   Rum, sold by women, 117; "Sacrifice" of,

Produce, raised  by women belongs to                                            117; principle  of article  of trade

husband, 16.                                                                               among Indians, 117; exchange every-

Profession, indicated by dreams, 101.                                              thing for, 118; led to violence, 139;

Pride, a peculiar savage characteristic,                                            offered as drink offering to the dead,

18; enhanced by dreams, 18; humbled                                     0; sacrificed to toothache and head-

before conversion, 19.ache, 14.

Priests, old men acted as, 130; formerly

restrained wickedness, 130.                                               St. Lawrence River, navigation, 41.

Primeval Indian, described, 28, seq.; his                                  Salmon, best fish in Iroquois land, 38.

arts and customs, 28; utensils, 29;                                      Salt, charm  against witchcraft, 126.

hunting ability, 29; use of bow, 29;                                    Salt licks, mentioned, 53.

method of fire making, 29; under-                                    alt Rheum, treatment for, 158.

ground dwellings, 30.                                                         Salt Springs, in Ohio Basin, 53.

Prisoners, killed by Incians, 19; treat-                                       Sassafras, mentioned, 47.

ment of, 104-107.                                                               Schoolcraft, henry, History    . . . of

Private life, of Indians, dissolute, 125;                                              the Indian   ribes, cited, 154, 155, 157.

facts known   only  by  missionaries,                                Scioto, [Sioto] Sliawanesa on, 109; men-

125.                                                                                             tioned, 162.

• 13
 

Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.                     187

 

Scull's Map, mentioned, 171.                                                    Sun, Indian idea of, 147.

Seals, killed on Susquehannah River, 37.                                  Superstition, promoted by elders, 83.

Seduction, retaliation for, 77.                                                    Susquehannah Valley, described, 36 seq.;

Self-control, Indians possess much, 124.                                          River, seals killed in, 27; story of

Seneca Lake, mentioned, 40.                                                            rattlesnakes in, 71.

Sentiment, among animals, 165.                                               Swallows, mentioned, 152.

September, name for month of, 146.                                       Swamps, in Pennsylvania, 37; in New

Shad, mentioned, 37; "month", see March.                                       York, 37; nature of timber in, 37;

Sheldrake, described, 85; palatable, 65.                                            surround Iroquois country, 37.

Shirts, worn by Indian women, 86; dyed                                 Swans, toothsome to Indians, 65.

with cinnabar, 87.                                                              Swearing, see Cursing.

Shoes, mentioned, £6.

'Shoes, menprtioned, £6b  Ida  by                                            Sweating-ovens, doctors use of, 26; how

Shooting, practiced by Indian boys, 119.                                          made 2              described by Dr. McClure

Sick, little cared for, 25; diet of, 25,                                                   ;    fatal              sma       ad c u

n  Hill, mentioned, 42159; fatal to small-pox and consump-

Sideling Hill, mentioned, 42.

Slaves, Indians owned negro, 121; made                                         tio,

~~free, 124.  e  ,  , m                               Syphilis, treatment for,. 158.

Small-pox, ravages, 149; sweating-ovens

did not cure, 159.

Snakes, in Muskingum Valley, 69.                                             Talamataus, see Thomas.

Snake poison, Indian varying treatment                                   Tattooing, 12.

for Afferent, 158.                                                              Tennessee River, known as "Cherokee"

Snails, described, 74-75.                                                                    from Cherokee Nation, 33, 159.

Snipe, mentioned, 152.                                                              Theft, mentioned, 19; considered disgrace.

Snow-shoes, use of, 22; how made, 22.                                            ful 91; satisfaction for, 91.

Sorcerers, and the Black Art described                                    ,

Sorcerers, ant       ,                             Thomas, Cyrus, "Indian Tribes in Pre-

125-129; mental power, 172.                                                     hitor   Tims"     ted  172.

historic Times", cited, 172.

Sores, festering, common, 24.     .                        ,

Sores, festering, common, 24.            Thunder, Indian idea of, 147.

Soul, Indian idea of, 131; transmigrat on           ,      o,    .

311   '  i°   Thurnstein, Lord of, 42.

of, 311.

O . f. '1 .       , .  ,   onThurnstein", "The, mentioned, 162.

Spirit, voracious, worshipped, 138.       T         e      , me  n    , 1.

Time, methods of reckoning, 145.

Spoon-bill cat-fish, mentioned, 74.

Spoon-bill cat-fish, mentioned, 74.       Titles, Indian Tribes particular as to, 142.

Spruce, mentioned, 51.

Squalle Giscluch, "month of frogs", (Feb-                                 Tobacco, never smoked pure, 116; sac-

ruary), 146.                                                                                rificed to owls, 139.

Squirrels, various species, 64; flying, men-                              Tom-tits, mentioned, 69.

tioned, 152.                                                                         Toothache, rum  sacrificed to cure, 140;

Stag, American deer like European, 58.                                           treatment for, 149.

Stars, Indians named certain, 148.                                            Tournament, Iroquois dice, described, 119.

Starlings, mentioned, 69.                                                           Towns, how    situated and planned, 87;

Stealing, see Theft.                                                                            G* ochachgunk, a regularly planned, 87;

Stone, Wm. L., Life of Sir William                                                     located with respect to fuel, 87; two

Johnson, cited, 160.                                                                    Iroquois, in dice tournament, 119.

Stone birch, mentioned, 52.

Stone birch, mentioned, 52.               Trade, Iroquois, amounted to litt:e, 41;

Stone falcon, mentioned, 67.                            .

articles of Indian, 118.

"Stone Tree", Indian name for Sugar

Maple, 48.                             Traders, losses of Indian, 15; evil in-

Stroud-, described, 86.          .fluences, 79; Indians glad to deceive,

Sturgeon, mentioned, 73.                                                                   117; robbed by Indians, 117; lose many

Sucker, mentioned, 73.                                                                      bad debts, 117; articles carried by,

Sugar'making, see Maple Sugar.                                                       118.

Sugar Maple, Indian name of, .48.                                            Transmigration, of souls, 131.

Suicide, as result of infidelity, 83.                                             Treachery, Indian, stories of, 19.

Sullivan's Expedition, mentioned, 40, 161.                                Treaty, text kept by Chiefs, 94; of peace,

Sumac, for smoking, 116.                                                                  97.

Summer hunting, character of, 13.                                           Treaty Dance, described, 121.

• 14
 

188                                   Index.

 

Trees, killed to increase arable acreage,                                         etc., 57; mentioned, 77; used to blister,

29; of Ohio, 47, 48, 51, 52, 162 seq.                                         148; concoction  of, used   to  stop

Indians wrote on, 114.                                                               bleeding, 149.

Tribal, divisions, 92.                                                                   Wampum, uses of, 19, 31; kinds of, 31-

Tribes, created to prevent intermarriage                                         32; accompany speeches, 94; ceremony

of relatives, 81, 98.                                                                    of refusing, 94, 111-112; made of sea-

Trout, mentioned, 37.                                                                        mussel shells, 94; color and manufac-

Tschipeghacki,  [Tschipey   Hacki]   the                                          ture, 94-95; of two hundred shells

"land of spirits", 134, 147; only the                                           worth a Spanish dollar, 94; made by

good will enter, 134; Milky Way, the                                       women, 95; for Road Belt, 95; of

road to, 148.                                                                               black signifies warning, 95; of red

Tschimammus, see Hare.                                                                  means war, 95; white means peace,

Tulpehocken, mentioned, 42.                                                            95; furnished by tribe, 95; used in

Turkey, wild, 66; plumage changes color,                                       election of chief, 112; mentioned, 159;

66; eggs eaten by Indians, 66.                                                  primitive, 170.

Turtle, eggs and flesh relished by In-                                       Wapiti, related to the stag, 164.

dians, 74.                                                                            War, how declared, 114; all debts can-

Turtle Creek, scene of Braddock's defeat,                                        celled on outbreak of. 117.

43.                                                                                       War Dance, described, 103, 121.

Turtle doves, mentioned, 66, 152.                                             War Parties, small in number, 103; how

Turtle tribe, repeopled the world after                                             conducted, 103-105

the flood, 131.                                                                    \Varfare, earliest fashion of, 31; serious

Tuscarawas River, Unamis lived beside,                                         because difficult to end, 102; method

159; Unalochtgos, lived beside, 159.                                        of carrying on, 102-105; begun to re-

Twins, rare among Indians, 81; regarded                                        gain land once sold, 122.

as fortunate, 141.                                                               Warriors, described, 1C2-105; take  ned-

icine to preserve life, 127.

U.                       Washing, not characteristic of all In-

dian women, 87.

'udellowen, "Delaware" thought to be de-                               Washinggton's Tour to the Ohio, by A. B.

rived from, 114.                                                                        Hulbert, cited, 159.

Ulcers, treatment for, 158.asp                      mentioned 152.

\Wasps, mentioned, 152.

Underground dwellings, mentioned, 30.

Water, determined location of towns, 87;

V.                          see also Fuel.

Water-beech, mentioned, 47.

Venango, early name of French Creek,                                    \Water-dogs, mentioned, 74.

42.                                                                                       \Water-snake, described, 72.

Venereal disease, ravages of, 24.                                              Weeping, at funerals, 89.

Vermillion, for painting, 55; found in                                        Wheaton, J. M., quoted, 166.

Muskingum Valley, 55; used to color                                W'hip-poor-will, mentioned, 152.

men's heads, 87.                                                                 \hite Eyes, mentioned, 172.

Vermillion River, mentioned, 170.                                            "hite Indians', mentioned, 154.

Vines, in Muskingum    Valley, 51.                                           White Perch, mentioned, 74.

Violet, blue, used to make a decoction to                                  Widowers, retained   nothing  of wife's

cure felon, 158.                                                                          property, 88; not remarry within one

Vipers, described, 71.                                                                        year, 88; often marry deceased wife's

"Vomit Town", see Waketameki.                                                      sister, 88; had no rules of conduct,

150.

W.                       Widows, not to remarry within one year,

88; must live by own industry, 88;

Wabash River, tribes on, 108; country on,                                        must not purchase meat, 88; after one

110; buffalo on, 110.                                                                  year friends assist, 88; are in dis-

Waketameki, called "Vomit Town", 172.                                          repute if remarried within one year,

Walnut bark, medicinal properties of, 56;                                        88; retain nothing of husband's prop-

reduces swelling, 57; allays toothache,                                    erty, 87-88; rules of conduct for, 150.

• 15
 

Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.                       189

 

Wife, strange idea of relationship be-                                              various feasts connected   with, 137-

tween husband and, 99.                                                             140; 'ngammuin, 138; voracious spirit,

Wild cats, described, 60.                                                                   138; fire, 138; eat-all feasts, 138; in

Wild grapes, mentioned, 46.                                                             sweating-ovens, 138.

Wild Laurel, mentioned, 46.                                                             Wounds, treated skillfully by Indians,

Winters, various facts concerning Ohio,                                          158.

44-45.                                                                                         Wrens, mentioned, 69.

Winzi Gischuch, "when. the corn is in                                              Wrestling, bouts, 118.

the milk", (August), 145.                                                           Writing, Indian, 114, 145.

Witchcraft, Indian, described, 125-129; no

Witchcraft, Indian, described, 125-129; no                                Wtellenapewoagan, the "Substance of a

effect on Europeans because they eat                                     Human ap einga , 131.

salt, 126.                                                                                    Human Being", 181.

salt, 126.

Vitch-ball", "Shooting  the, murderous                                            Wtschitschank, word for "Spirit", 131.

practice of the Nantikok sorcerers,                                           Wyoming, [Wajomick] Pa., Shawanese at,

126.                                                                                             109; Neville's Island, scene of Dela-

Woapanachke, see Lenni-Lenape.                                                   ware-Cherokee battle, 109; flats com.

Woapanachky, name of the Delawares, 36,                                    pared with Wabash region, 110.

160.

Wolves, follow hunters to feast on game,                       Y.

14; Indians rarely shoot, 14; skin of                                          Yellow bird, mentioned, 69.

no value, 14, 64; described, 64; gray                                       Yellow perch, mentioned, 37.

and black, 64; summon comrades when                                  Yelow    chre, mentioned, 164.

deer is killed, 65.                                                                       Yellow Ochre, mentioned, 164.

deer is killed, 65.

Women, strong bodily, 80; love finery, 86;

dress described, 86; conversation of,

116; reports circulated by, receive no                                      Zeisberger, David, early life, 1; goes to

credit, 116, 124; sell rum, 117; ad-                                           Iroquois, 2-3; work in New York and

dicted to lying and gossiping, 124;                                            Pennsylvania, 3-i; enters Ohio, 3; last

had poor memory, 144; hardships d:s-                                     years, 4-5; Diry, mentioned, 4; Heck-

credited by Heckewelder, 154; Loskiel                                    ewelder, on character of, 5; Mortimer

on temper of, 155.                                                                     on, 5-6; wrote history for Loskiel, 7;

Woodpecker, mentioned, 67.                                                            published works and manuscripts, 10-

Worship, [Sacrifices], described, 136-140;                                      11; portrays Indian degeneration, 170.

by families, 136-137; dancing at, 137;  Zinzendorf, Count, mentioned, 162.

• 16