Dedication of the Hayes Memorial. 475
THE MEMORIAL BUILDING. The Memorial Building a beautiful structure of classic archi- tecture, stands among the great trees to the north of the Hayes Residence, facing the entrance from Hayes Avenue. It is of light grey Ohio sandstone, from the Amherst quarries, and of ample proportions. Broad steps, between bronze pedestals bearing orna- mental lights, lead up to the pillared portico and great bronze doors. Upon entering the building the first thing that catches |
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the eye is the portrait of General Hayes painted by Carl Rake- mann, representing him at the age of 70; while the Huntington portrait painted for the White House, and copied by Rakemann, represents him at 60, and the Andrews portrait in the east library shows him at 40, in the uniform of a Brevet Major General of Volunteers. Thus standing in the center of the rotunda, one can see lifelike portraits of General Hayes at 40, 60 and 70 years of age. Over the portrait in the rotunda is the Hayes coat-of- |
476
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
arms from his Scottish ancestors, a
falcon lighting on a rock,
which bears the inscription Recte. At
the left of the portrait and
coat-of-arms, clustered in groups of
three, are the flags of the
thirteen original Colonies, together
with the State flags of Ver-
mont, Kentucky and Ohio, sixteen in all.
The center of each
cluster is the flag of the United
States, the stars of which show
the growth of the nation. In the cluster
between the flags of
Delaware and Pennsylvania, the first of
the Colonies to ratify
the Constitution, is the national flag
adopted in 1777, 13 stripes
with 13 stars arranged in a circle. In
the second cluster, between
the Colonial flags of New Jersey and
Georgia, the third and
fourth States, is the flag adopted in
1795, of 15 stars and 15
stripes, two States having been admitted
to the Union. In the
third cluster between Connecticut and
Massachusetts, the national
flag has 13 stripes and 20 stars, five
additional States having
been admitted in the interim, Congress
providing in 1818 that
thereafter on the 4th of
July, following the admission of a new
State the national colors should consist
of the original 13 stripes
with a star for each State of the Union.
The 8th and last cluster
consists of the flags of Kentucky and
Ohio, with the national
emblem of 13 stripes and 48 stars, the
Union as it is today. The
three States whose flags have been added
to the Colonial States
are very appropriately Vermont, from
which State Rutherford
Hayes, the father, migrated to Ohio;
Kentucky, the State from
which James Webb, the father of Mrs.
Hayes, migrated to Ohio,
and Ohio the native State of the
President and Mrs. Hayes.
Over the main entrance are the royal
standards of the
countries which claimed possession of
this territory prior to the
War of the Revolution, the royal
standard of Spain, 1492-1670;
the royal standard of France, 1670-1760;
and the royal standard
of Great Britain, 1760-1796, Great
Britain still retaining until
1796 the actual possession of the
military post at Detroit and its
sub-post on the Sandusky, at what is now
known as Fort Stephen-
son in the center of Fremont,
notwithstanding the treaty of
peace made in 1783 some thirteen years
earlier.
Over the door leading to the east
library is the flag of the
Governor of Ohio, General Hayes being
the only Governor who
was thrice elected; while over the door
which leads to the west
Dedication of the Haves Memorial. 477 library is the flag of the President of the United States, General Hayes being the 19th President, from 1877-1881. In the center of the floor space is an interesting relic of the battleship Maine- her bronze hand-steering gear, covered with barnacles and colored by sea water, which makes a handsome receptacle for a stately fern. The rotunda is illuminated by frosted glass bulbs. In the |
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windows opposite the main entrance are handsome colored transparencies of the State House at Columbus, the Gov- ernor's corner of the State House, with the statue called "Ohio's Jewels" full length bronze figures of Generals Grant, Sherman and Sheridan; Chief Justice Chase, Secretary of War Stanton, and Presidents Hayes and Garfield; the north |
478 Ohio Arch. and Hist.
Society Publications.
and south fronts of the White House at
Washington; the
east and west fronts of the national
capital; the inauguration
ceremonies of President Hayes in 1877,
and his retirement on the
inauguration of President Garfield in
1881. Opposite the entrance
stands one of the Hayes ancestral
clocks, a real grandfather's
clock, which was loaded into the family
wagon when the parents
of President Hayes prepared to leave
West Dummerston, Ver-
mont, for the forty-day journey to the
new State of Ohio, in 1817.
The clock was so long that the tail
board of the wagon could
not be put in place, so that temporarily
the clock was left with
relatives in Vermont. On one side of the
clock is a beautiful
rosewood folding secretary, purchased
for Lincoln and used in
the cabinet room of the White House
during the succeeding ad-
ministrations of Johnson, Grant, Hayes,
Garfield, Arthur, Cleve-
land, Harrison, Cleveland and McKinley.
It was sold with many
other interesting articles when the
White House was renovated
in the early days of Roosevelt. This
secretary and the office
chair were used by Colonel Hayes when a
lad, as his father's
personal secretary, who purchased a
chair to replace it when
leaving Washington. Another chair is a
revolving chair used
by President Hayes when Governor of
Ohio. The only chairs in
the east and west libraries were the
ones used by President Grant,
President-elect Hayes, Chief Justice
Waite and the Sergeant-at-
Arms of the U. S. Senate, during the
inauguration of President
Hayes, on the east front of the Capitol,
5th March, 1877.
On entering the west library one sees
the beautiful full
length portraits of the President and
Mrs. Hayes, painted for
the White House by Daniel Huntington,
and copied by permis-
sion of President Wilson, by Carl
Rakemann of Washington.
The magnificent library of Americana of
President Hayes, the
largest owned by a private citizen at
the time of his death in
1893, is stored in the east and west
libraries in steel cases. In
the four corners of the west library are
shown on figures, the
wedding dress, slippers, etc., of Lucy
Ware Webb, when she
was married to Rutherford Birchard
Hayes, 30th December,
1852, at Cincinnati, Ohio. The three remaining cases
contain
dresses and wraps worn by her in the
White House. The north
windows contain portraits of Sardis
Birchard, the uncle of Presi-
Dedication of the Hayes
Memorial. 479
dent Hayes, who built the residence at
Spiegel Grove for him
prior to the War for the Union, and
portraits in uniform on
either side of Brevet Major-General
Rutherford B. Hayes and
Brevet Major-General Ralph P. Buckland
who were law part-
ners at Lower Sandusky, now Fremont,
from General Hayes's
admission to the bar in 1845 until he
removed to Cincinnati in
1849. The opposite window contains
colored portraits of Ro-
dolphus Dickinson, the first Congressman
from this town,
flanked on either side by portraits in
uniform of Major-General
Harrison and Commodore Perry, the heroes
of 1812. On the
upper windows are transparencies of
"Old Whitey," the only
surviving war horse General Hayes brought
home from the War
for the Union; and of Black Yauco, the
fine coal-black war
horse of Colonel Hayes which still
survives, a veteran of the
campaigns of Cuba, Porto Rico and the
Philippines. This
horse has since been ridden only by
Colonel Hayes at the second
inauguration and at the funeral
obsequies of President McKinley
in 1901 and by Midshipman Hayes at the
inauguration of Presi-
dent Taft in 1909.
In both the east and west libraries are
two large mahogany
show cases for exhibition purposes, and
in the middle of each
room is a beautiful mahogany table from
Belgium, secured by
Colonel and Mrs. Hayes at Rotterdam in
the early days of the
great European War. In the west library,
one of the large cases
contains many of the personal pieces of
wearing apparel worn
by Mrs. Hayes at the White House, and
others covering the
period from her babyhood to her last
public appearance at the
Centennial of the inauguration of George
Washington in New
York in April, 1889. In the other case
are the diplomas and
commissions issued to President Hayes
during the last fifty
years of his life, beginning with his
degree of B. A., at Kenyon
College, in 1842; B. L. at Harvard Law
School, in 1845, two
commissions as City Solicitor of
Cincinnati before the war; his
military commission as Major,
Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel,
Brigadier General and Brevet
Major-General U. S. Volunteers;
two commissions as Representative in
Congress from the Cin-
cinnati District, three commissions of
Governor of Ohio, and the
certificate of his election as President
of the United States from
480
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
1877 to 1881. Also the honorary degree
of LL.D., from Ken-
yon, Harvard, Yale and Johns Hopkins.
There are also the
diplomas of Lucy Ware Webb from the
Wesleyan Female Semi-
nary of Cincinnati in 1850, together
with her valedictory ad-
dress and the original manuscripts of
several essays written by
her before her graduation.
In the east library are the full length
portraits by Andrews
of Mrs. Hayes and of General Hayes in
the uniform of a Brevet
Major-General. There is also a duplicate
of the Belgium ma-
hogany table and of the two large
mahogany show cases, one of
which contains a large collection of
autograph letters of promin-
ent statesmen, soldiers, authors, poets,
editors and philanthrop-
ists. This room like the other is lined
with cases filled with li-
brary of Americana. Of the four large
corner cases, one con-
tains on mounted forms the uniform coat
worn by Lieutenant
Colonel Hayes when so severely wounded
at the Battle of South
Mountain, in the Antietam campaign,
September 14-18, 1862.
The coat was cut from his body, and it
was many months before
he recovered from this, the most severe
of his six wounds re-
ceived in battle. Although thirteen
presidents of the United
States have been soldiers in war, none
other save only James
Monroe was wounded in battle, he having
been slightly wounded
at the Battle of Princeton in 1777. The
general officer's coat
and also the highly prized Brigadier
General's shoulder straps,
given him by his immediate commander,
Major-General George
Crook, the famous Indian fighter and
hunter, at the close of the
Shenandoah Valley campaign in 1864, are
also in this case.
One of the other corner cases contains
the dress and uni-
form worn by Fanny Hayes, aged ten, and
Scott, aged seven,
at a Martha Washington children's dress
ball, given at the White
House.
The other cases contain uniforms worn at many in-
augurations and funerals of presidents,
during the National ad-
ministrations from Hayes to Taft,
inclusive.
Immediately over the portraits is the
regimental flag pre-
sented by Mrs. Hayes to the 23rd Ohio on
her husband's pro-
motion out of the regiment, and returned
to her when the regi-
ment was mustered out in 1865. General
Hayes' brigade head-
Dedication of the Hayes
Memorial. 481
quarters flag and division headquarters
flag are enclosed in glass
cases on either side of the portraits.
The illuminated portraits on the windows
in this room show
the patriotic citizenship of Sandusky
County, and the military
heroes whose names are household words.
Major George Crog-
han, the gallant defender of Fort
Stephenson, against the British
and Indians, Aug. 2d, 1813, who was
promoted and presented
with a gold medal and each of his
officers with a sword by the
United States for gallantry in the
defence of Fort Stephenson;
Lieutenant Colonel John C. Fremont, the
Pathfinder and explorer,
after whom the town was named when
changed from Lower
Sandusky in 1849; and the local
representatives in each of
the wars since the Declaration of
Independence, viz.: Private
James Webb, aged 18, father of Lucy Webb
Hayes, who served
here in Captain Garrard's company,
Kentucky Mounted Riflemen,
in the second war with Great Britain;
Captain Samuel Thompson,
who was wounded at Lundy's Lane, Canada,
in the War of 1812
and led a company from Sandusky County
in the war with
Mexico, 1846-48; Major General James B.
McPherson, the officer
highest in rank and command killed in
battle during the War
for the Union; Sailor George B. Meek,
the first American killed
in the War with Spain, 1898-9. The last
three are buried in
this county.
Two illuminated windows, high up,
portray the Filipino pony
"Piddig," ridden by Colonel
Hayes at the relief of Vigan, Nor-
thern Luzon, P. I., when he won his
Congressional medal of
honor; and his horse, Trooper, which he
rode in the relief of
Peking.
The Museum on the lower floor of the
Memorial Building is
an exact counterpart of the main rotunda
and library. The mu-
seum rotunda contains a complete
collection of specimens of
bronze and brass field guns, captured in
each of the wars in which
the United States has been engaged,
including the War for Inde-
pendence. The first is a bronze cannon
which contains the British
coat-of-arms and King George's royal
cipher, with the inscription
engraved on it by direction of Gen.
Benedict Arnold before his
treachery: "Taken at the storm of
the British lines, near Sara-
toga, Oct. 7, 1777, by - " with the name, Benedict Arnold
Vol. XXV-31
482
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society
Publications.
erased, as it was from all trophies by
direction of the Continental
Congress. A bronze coehorn mortar, with
the British coat-of-
arms and King George's royal cipher is
the trophy captured dur-
ing the second war with Great Britain,
1812. A small bronze
cannon, inscribed "San Juan"
was captured in the War with
Mexico, 1846-48. This was one of the
four bronze guns, the
Four Apostles, presented by the king and
queen of Spain to-
in----, which were used after the
conquest of Mexico. The
other three guns, St. Matthew, St. Mark
and St. Luke, are now
on exhibition at West Point and the War
Department in Washing-
ton. The guns of the Apostles' Battery
were used when Texas de-
clared her independence from Mexico and
were captured later
during the war with Mexico. A brass,
six-pound gun inscribed
"Louisiana" was captured
during the War for the Union, 1861-65.
A single-barreled and a double-barreled
bronze, swivel lantaka
was taken by Magellan to the Philippine
Islands after his dis-
covery of the Straits of Magellan, and
was taken from the Span-
iards by the savage Moros of Mindanao,
P. I. The double-bar-
reled gun was presented by Datto Piang
of Reina Regenta, Mind-
anao, on the visit of the first American
troops under Colonel
Hayes to that fort in the winter of
1899-1900. The last, and
probably most interesting, is a bronze
cannon with numerous
Manchu hieroglyphics, one of three guns
brought by Colonel
Hayes to America, which had been used in
firing on the legations
and on the relief column, from Hata
gate, leading into the Tartar
City from the Chinese city of Peking, in
1900.
The family barouche, purchased by
President Hayes in
March, 1877, and used as the President's
carriage during the ad-
ministration of President Hayes and the
brief administration of
President Garfield, was placed in the
museum before the building
was finished. It has been occupied by
all the presidents from
Grant to McKinley, by all of our leading
generals, Grant, Sher-
man, Sheridan, Hancock, Schofield, Miles
and Crook, while
guests of President Hayes. A recess case
contains the Hayes
family cradle, the Wheeler & Wilson
sewing machine and the
old lapboard, which were much used by
Lucy Webb Hayes dur-
ing the war for the Union in preparing
the necessary clothes for
her four small boys during the winters
which were spent with
Dedication of the Hayes Memorial. 483
them in the camp of her husband in western Virginia. There is also a miniature three-story doll house, which was on exhibition at a fair in Baltimore, and then presented to Fanny Hayes, aged ten, and used by her at the White House. The east and west museums are duplicates in size of the east and west libraries. The east museum is reserved for General Hayes' war relics and war photographs and numerous curios collected on his trips while President. His complete horse equip- ment, saddle, bridle, pistol holster, mess chest, with dishes of iron and heavy stoneware, and bedding roll, with numerous other per- sonal effects used in the war are placed in one of the two large Japanese show cases used for the Japanese exhibit at the Cen- tennial exposition in 1876. Two other show cases contain a fairly large collection of guns, pikes, swords, flags, and other articles captured in the early months of the War for the Union. Other cases contain samples of equipment carried by members of his favorite regiments, and others a collection of war time photo- graphs, etc., including a collection of political badges dating back to the Harrison campaign of 1840, with many valuable souvenirs of Lincoln's campaign. |
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the campaign of Santiago de Cuba, and for the invasion of Porto Rico, in the War with Spain; and while serving as Lieutenant Colonel of the 31st U. S. Infantry during the insurrection in the Philippines, extending from General Young's |
484
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.
campaign in northern Luzon, where
Colonel Hayes won the
much coveted Congressional Medal of
Honor for distin-
guished gallantry in the relief of
Vigan, 4th December, 1899,
down to the campaign against the Moros
of Mindanao where his
regiment was the first American garrison
of that island, with
headquarters at Zamboanga, from 1899 to
1901.
There is also a
very large collection made during the
Boxer insurrection in China,
where he served on Major General
Chaffee's staff in the China
Relief Expedition of 1900. Subsequent
campaigns which he at-
tended as an observer are represented by
interesting collections
made during the Russian-Japanese war,
when he served with
General Koroki's Japanese army on the
march through Korea
to the Yalu river, and later with the
Russian army in the vicinity
of Mukden, and during the present great
European war in
France, Belgium and Germany, during the
first months of hos-
tilities, where he secured at Louvain
within a fortnight after the
destruction of the famous library, three
porcelain cups, the only
articles saved from that famous library.
The twenty-two windows of the museum
have had placed
in them illuminated portraits of the
landing of Columbus on the
discovery of America in 1492; a portrait
of Amerigo Vespucci,
after whom the western continent was
named; and then five
portraits each of famous characters of
the Indians, the Span-
iards, the French and the British who had
to do with this part
of Ohio, prior to the formation of the
American Commonwealth
after the Declaration of Independence.
It is the intention to
place on the upper sash of each of these
twenty-two windows,
portraits of the famous Americans who
had to do with military
campaigns in this vicinity or were
native to it, in the campaigns
of the Revolutionary War, the War of
1812, the War with Mex-
ico, the War for the Union, the War with
Spain, and the in-
surrection in the Philippines and the
China Relief expedition of
1900.
The large American flag which floats
over the Memorial
Building was presented by the Col.
George Croghan Chapter,
D. A. R., on Flag Day, June 14, 1915.
Dedication of the Hayes Memorial. 475
THE MEMORIAL BUILDING. The Memorial Building a beautiful structure of classic archi- tecture, stands among the great trees to the north of the Hayes Residence, facing the entrance from Hayes Avenue. It is of light grey Ohio sandstone, from the Amherst quarries, and of ample proportions. Broad steps, between bronze pedestals bearing orna- mental lights, lead up to the pillared portico and great bronze doors. Upon entering the building the first thing that catches |
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the eye is the portrait of General Hayes painted by Carl Rake- mann, representing him at the age of 70; while the Huntington portrait painted for the White House, and copied by Rakemann, represents him at 60, and the Andrews portrait in the east library shows him at 40, in the uniform of a Brevet Major General of Volunteers. Thus standing in the center of the rotunda, one can see lifelike portraits of General Hayes at 40, 60 and 70 years of age. Over the portrait in the rotunda is the Hayes coat-of- |