OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY
REVIEWS, NOTES, AND COMMENTS
BY THE EDITOR
UNVEILING OF MEMORIAL TO ELIZABETH
ZANE
An event of more than passing interest
in the pioneer
history of the Ohio Valley was
appropriately celebrated
at Walnut Grove Cemetery, Martins
Ferry, Ohio, May
30, 1928. This was the unveiling of a
statue as a me-
morial to Elizabeth Zane--Heroine of
Fort Henry.
Fort Henry, named in honor of Patrick
Henry, was
built on a hill within the present city
limits of Wheeling,
West Virginia. It was unsuccessfully
attacked by the
Indians the year it was built, in 1781,
and again by the
British and Indians September 11, 1782.
This last at-
tack and successful defense by garrison
has sometimes
been called the last battle of the
Revolutionary War. In
the final siege, we are told "the
supply of powder having
run low in the fort, Elizabeth Zane ran
several hundred
yards to the powder house and brought
back a supply
sufficient to save the fort."
The story of this heroic deed,
according to Henry
Howe, "has been published a
thousand times." He
might have added "and in varied
version and detail."
In volume 13 of the Ohio Archaeological
and Historical
Society Publications, the writer
of the contribution en-
titled "Zane's Trace," makes
brief mention of this ex-
ploit by El'zabeth Zane, familiarly
known as Betty Zane,
the young sister of Ebenezer Zane. In
that contri-
bution is published in full the poem
entitled "Elizabeth
(592)
Reviews, Notes and Comments 593 Zane" by John S. Adams, which first appeared in St. Nicholas. According to the poem, Elizabeth Zane was in the fort at the time of the siege, and as already stated made the trip, not of'"several hundred yards" but of |
|
about "sixty yards" to the powder magazine and re- turned with a supply of powder to the fort. Other accounts, however, are to the effect that Eliz- abeth Zane brought the powder from the fort to the home of her brother, Colonel Ebenezer Zane. We quote from History of the Early Settlement and Indian Wars of Western Virginia, by Wills De Hass. Beginning on page 269, we find the following: Vol. XXXVII--38. |
594 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
As we have already stated, Colonel Zane
remained in his
cabin near the fort, during the whole
siege. Finding that his
supply of powder was likely to run out,
he proposed to those
present, that some one of them would
have to visit the fort and re-
new the stock. It was known to be a
hazardous undertaking,
and unwilling to order either of the
white men to so perilous an
enterprise, Colonel Zane submitted the
matter to their own de-
votion and courage. One of them
instantly proffered his services,
but a female member of Col. Zane's
family came forward and
said, "No! I will go; should I be
killed, I can be better spared
than one of these men." That woman,
according to the tradi-
tionary accounts of the country, was
Elizabeth Zane, sister to
Colonel Zane. She is represented to have
been a young woman
of great resolution and much energy of
character, and those
who knew her intimately say
unhesitatingly, that she was just
the person for such an exploit.
Preparing herself for the feat,
the intrepid girl stepped from the cabin
and bounded to the fort
with the speed of a deer. A number of
Indians concealed in
the neighborhood, saw her emerge from
the cabin, but did not
attempt to shoot, only exclaiming with
contemptuous epithets,
"Squaw, squaw." She reached
the fort, and tying about her
person eight or ten pounds of powder,
again ventured forth and
moved rapidly towards the cabin of
Colonel Zane. Suspecting
all was not right, the savages opened
upon her a volley of rifle
balls, but unscathed, the courageous
girl bounded into the arms
of those who stood ready to receive her.
That act of the heroic and
single-hearted female saved the
inmates of Colonel Zane's house from
certain destruction. Their
ammunition had been exhausted, and every
soul would have fallen
a sure prey to the fury of the savages,
had not a supply been
obtained.
A different version is quoted from
Wither's Border
Warfare in Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio, vol.
1, pages 314-315:
When Lynn, the ranger, gave the alarm
that an Indian army
was approaching, the fort having been
for some time unoccupied
by a garrison, and Colonel Zane's house
having been used for
a magazine, those who retired into the
fortress had to take with
them a supply of ammunition for its
defense. The supply of
powder, deemed ample at the time, was
now almost exhausted, by
reason of the long continuance of the
siege, and the repeated en-
deavors of the savages to take the fort
by storm; a few rounds
Reviews, Notes and Comments 595
only remained. In this emergency it
became necessary to renew
their stock from an abundant store which
was deposited in
Colonel Zane's house. Accordingly, it
was proposed that one of
the fleetest men should endeavor to
reach the house, obtain a
supply of powder, and return with it to
the fort. It was an enter-
prise full of danger; but many of the
heroic spirits shut up in the
fort were willing to encounter the
hazard. Among those who
volunteered to go on this enterprise was
Elizabeth, the sister of
Colonel E. Zane. She was young, active
and athletic, with cour-
age to dare the danger, and fortitude to
sustain her through it.
Disdaining to weigh the hazard of her
own life against that of
others, when told that a man would
encounter less danger by rea-
son of his greater fleetness, she
replied, "and should he fall, his loss
will be more severely felt; you have not
one man to spare; a
woman will not be missed in the defense
of the fort." Her serv-
ices were then accepted. Divesting
herself of some of her gar-
ments, as tending to impede her
progress, she stood prepared
for the hazardous adventure; and when
the gate was thrown
open, bounded forth with the buoyancy of
hope, and in the confi-
dence of success. Wrapt in amazement,
the Indians beheld her
springing forward, and only exclaiming,
"a squaw," "a squaw,"
no attempt was made to interrupt her
progress; arrived at the
door, she proclaimed her errand. Colonel
Silas Zane fastened
a table-cloth around her waist, and
emptying into it a keg of
powder, again she ventured forth. The
Indians were no longer
passive. Ball after ball whizzed by,
several of which passed
through her clothes; she reached the
gate, and entered the fort
in safety; and thus was the garrison
again saved by female in-
trepidity. This heroine had but recently
returned from Phila-
delphia, where she had received her
education, and was wholly
unused to such scenes as were daily
passing on the frontiers.
The distance she had to run was about
forty yards.
The honor of this heroic exploit has
also been claimed
for another young woman by the name of
Molly Scott.
The claim in her behalf is set forth on
pages 280-281 in
the work by De Hass, from which
quotation has already
been made. The claim of Miss Zane,
however, is well
established. It is supported by "a
cloud of witnesses,"
quoted in the History of Belmont and
Jefferson Coun-
ties, by J. A. Caldwell. Among these witnesses are per-
596
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society
Publications
sons present on the occasion of the
daring deed, by de-
scendants of Elizabeth Zane, who had
frequently heard
her relate the incident, and by a
grandson of Molly Scott,
Mr. J. S. Scott, who made the following
statement:
She [his grandmother] has told me, and
in my presence,
many times, about the exploit of Betty
Zane carrying the powder
in her apron from Colonel Zane's
dwelling to the fort, during
the siege, and of the courage and
intrepidity with which the act
was performed, as well as the narrow
escape she had from the
bullets of the Indians. She always told
me the same story and
never gave any other name than Elizabeth
or Betty Zane, as she
called her, as the one who carried the
powder.
Early newspaper accounts sustain the
claim of
Elizabeth Zane. The almost uniform
testimony is also
to the effect that the powder was
brought from the
house of Colonel Zane to the fort. The
attack appears
to have been suddenly made and
sufficient powder for
the defense of the fort had not been
transferred to it
before it was surrounded.
Elizabeth Zane was born in Berkeley
County, Vir-
ginia, in 1759. She died in St.
Clairsville, Ohio, in 1847.
She was twice married; first to a Mr.
McLaughlin, and
after his death to a Mr. Clark. She is
reported to have
been "a beautiful girl and
throughout long life an ac-
complished and handsome woman, and
withal modest
and unassuming." A number of her
descendants are
now living.
The following is quoted from the
Program of the
Dedicatory Exercises at Martins Ferry:
"When the founders of Wheeling, and
the heroine of Vir-
ginia, were interred in the soil of
Ohio, the place selected was
not then the terminus of a busy
thoroughfare, but was a secluded
spot where majestic trees towered and
commanded a view of
the sweeping Ohio, as well as all of the
territory that Col. Eb-
enezer Zane had owned.
Reviews, Notes and Comments 597
In thinking of the seemingly
inappropriate burial place of
the man who had owned the whole upper
section of Wheeling,
the customs of that day must not be
ignored, nor the realiza-
tion of the tenacity of family ties.
Family burial plots that were located
on farms of the owners
was the custom then rather than the
cemeteries of today."
With the succeeding years came progress
and the memory of
this Heroine was somewhat denied. The
burial place did not
receive the attention necessary to keep
it attractive and after the
cyclone of 1887, which destroyed many
of the beautiful trees,
Walnut Grove Cemetery was a spot seldom
visited, perhaps only
on Decoration Day when flowers were
placed on the graves of
those sleeping there.
A few years ago the people of Martins
Ferry realizing that
a fitting memorial should be erected
here to designate the burial
place of Elizabeth Zane, called
together representatives of about
twenty of its fraternal, civic and
social organizations of this city
with the hope of furthering the plans
initiated by the public
schools of our city for a suitable
monument to the memory of
our pioneer citizen.
Mr. O. H. Kinney was elected president
of the organization
and to him goes the credit of fathering
this movement through
the years, keeping it ever before the
boys and girls until in 1922
the first funds were placed to the
credit of the Memorial Com-
mittee by the various schools. Through
bazaars, entertainments
and contributions the fund steadily
grew until at present there
is about $3800 available for this
purpose.
The school children are happy in the
realization of their
dream and the various teachers,
principals and superintendents
who had a part in this project are
proud of the cooperation in
this community which brought success to
their efforts.
A prominent feature of the program was
an Histori-
cal Pageant staged by the school
children of Martins
Ferry. At the exercises at the monument
in the after-
noon, H. E. Koehnlein, chairman of the
Memorial Com-
mittee, presided, and W. L. Kocher,
superintendent of
schools, served as master of
ceremonies. After Invo-
cation by Rev. J. E. Priestly, there
was a flag raising
with music--"The Star Spangled
Banner"--by the High
School Band; Remarks to Descendants of
Elizabeth
598
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
Zane, by W. O. McCluskey; Unveiling of
Monument, by
Mrs. Catherine Long, granddaughter of
Elizabeth Zane;
followed by addresses by Howard F.
Sedgwick and Ma-
jor H. A. Dargue, both of Washington,
D. C. The pro-
gram concluded with the singing of
"America."
CELEBRATION AT CAMPUS MARTIUS
In 1917, the General Assembly of Ohio
passed an act
authorizing the purchase, from Miss
Minerva Tupper
Nye, of the portion of the old Campus
Martius site in
Marietta on which the Rufus Putnam
house is still
standing. By the terms of this act this
lot was to pass
into the custody of the Ohio State
Archaeological and
Historical Society. Later the
provisions of the act were
complied with and the property passed
into the posses-
sion of the state.
The Putnam House has recently been
repaired. A
new roof has been provided and the
framework has been
substantially strengthened. The walls
of the rooms have
been papered, electric lights and
plumbing for city water
have been installed. The permanent
preservation of
this historical building on its
original site is now as-
sured.
The state acquired a part only of the
original site in
the purchase from Miss Nye. Recently an
additional
plot of ground lying within the site
and bordering on
the portion already owned by the state
was offered for
sale. It was about to pass into private
hands to be im-
proved for residence purpose. No money
was available
for its purchase by the state and the opportunity
to ac-
quire and add it to the lot on which
the Putnam House
stands seemed about to be lost.
OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY
REVIEWS, NOTES, AND COMMENTS
BY THE EDITOR
UNVEILING OF MEMORIAL TO ELIZABETH
ZANE
An event of more than passing interest
in the pioneer
history of the Ohio Valley was
appropriately celebrated
at Walnut Grove Cemetery, Martins
Ferry, Ohio, May
30, 1928. This was the unveiling of a
statue as a me-
morial to Elizabeth Zane--Heroine of
Fort Henry.
Fort Henry, named in honor of Patrick
Henry, was
built on a hill within the present city
limits of Wheeling,
West Virginia. It was unsuccessfully
attacked by the
Indians the year it was built, in 1781,
and again by the
British and Indians September 11, 1782.
This last at-
tack and successful defense by garrison
has sometimes
been called the last battle of the
Revolutionary War. In
the final siege, we are told "the
supply of powder having
run low in the fort, Elizabeth Zane ran
several hundred
yards to the powder house and brought
back a supply
sufficient to save the fort."
The story of this heroic deed,
according to Henry
Howe, "has been published a
thousand times." He
might have added "and in varied
version and detail."
In volume 13 of the Ohio Archaeological
and Historical
Society Publications, the writer
of the contribution en-
titled "Zane's Trace," makes
brief mention of this ex-
ploit by El'zabeth Zane, familiarly
known as Betty Zane,
the young sister of Ebenezer Zane. In
that contri-
bution is published in full the poem
entitled "Elizabeth
(592)