THE FIRST TEN YEARS OF THE
TOLEDO BLADE
By DOUGLAS C. MCMURTRIE
The Toledo Blade is approaching
its one hundredth
birthday--a long life for a mid-western
newspaper--
and it occupies still, as it did during
its infancy, a com-
manding position in the life of its
community. In view
of its long service, the history of its
beginnings becomes
of special interest. There is here
presented a detailed
record of the first decennium of its
existence.
The Blade was not the first
newspaper published in
Toledo. Printing was introduced in that
town in Aug-
ust, 1834, when James Irvine Browne
brought out the
initial issue of the Toledo Herald. After
a few numbers
had appeared, publication was suspended
because of the
illness of the printer and publisher.1
I have located no
extant copies of this newspaper.
This newspaper was soon revived,
however, by the
same publisher, this time under the
title of Toledo
Gazette. There were several
changes of ownership.
Publication continued at least until
late in 1837, and per-
haps longer, it being quoted in the Blade
of November 1,
1837. In 1838, the equipment of the
office was sold and
1 The statements regarding the Toledo Herald
and its successor, the
Gazette, are based on Clark Waggoner, History of the City of
Toledo and
Lucas County, Ohio, New York, 1888, p. 637-638.
(428)
The First Ten Years of the Toledo
Blade 429
used to print the Sandusky County
Democrat at Fre-
mont. I have located no copies of the Gazette,
though
some were evidently accessible to
Waggoner at the time
he wrote his History.
When we come to record the history of
the Toledo
Blade, which was started about March, 1836, we are on
firmer ground, for a practically
complete file of nine of
the first ten volumes is to be found in
the Toledo Public
Library, to which it was given by A. W.
Fairbanks, who
long played an important role in the
operation of this
paper.
I have, unfortunately, no information
regarding the
identity of the publishers of the Blade
during the first
year of its existence. With the ninth
issue of the second
volume, dated May 16, 1837, it was
"printed and pub-
lished by A. W. Fairbanks & L. B.
Willard." It was
advertised that job printing of all
kinds was "neatly
and expeditiously executed at this
office." In the issue
of May 23, 1837, it was stated that
"cash will be paid
for any quantity of clean linen and
cotton rags, at this
office."
In the issue of May 30, 1837, the third
under the
new management, the partners make the
following
address "to the public":
"Our names have been affixed at
the head of the last
two numbers of the Blade as
'Printers and Publishers.'
When we assumed 'the responsibility,'
fearful that
obstacles might interpose to the
mechanical execution of
the first few numbers of the paper, and
delays might
prevent its prompt publication, we made
no public
annunciation. But being this week able,
though yet
laboring under great difficulties, to
produce a sheet of
430 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
which we are not ashamed, we now hazard
the usual
introduction of ourselves to the
Public. We intend to
print the paper hereafter, well. We
intend to issue it
promptly. As soon as possible we shall make improve-
ments in the office which will enable
us to issue a more
respectable sheet, and also enable us
to do all kinds of
printing as well as it can be done in
the Western coun-
try. Being both practical printers,
thoroughly trained
to the business, and having imbibed no
speculative fever,
bought no lots, and therefore not above
our business,
we intend to get an honest living by
devotion to our
calling.
"Having come into the office
strangers, and the sub-
scription list having been disturbed,
we would thank any
gentlemen to whom the paper is not
regularly forwarded
to send us his name and residence, and
we will pledge
ourselves that no similar mistakes
shall occur hereafter.
In the mean time we invite subscriptions
to the BLADE,
both from residents and non-residents.
The paper will
sustain the same politics as
heretofore--its morals at
any rate shall not fall below the
ordinary level--in
decency it shall sustain a far, very
far more elevated
character than it did at one period
of its career. We
shall maintain a defensive character,
but when attacked,
shall make use of the most pungent
truths with which we
can defend ourselves. With this bow to
the public, we
ask their sympathy and support.
A.
W. FAIRBANKS
L. B. WILLARD."
The address of the newspaper was given
as "Blade
Office, Summit street, Toledo." In
the issue of June 13,
appears the following removal notice:
"The office of
The First Ten Years of the Toledo
Blade 431
the Blade is removed to the
Brick building, one door
west of the Post office (up-stairs),
where we shall be
ready to answer all orders for
advertisements, job work,
&c., which we may be favored
with."
Rather acrimonious comments regarding
editorials
and news items appearing in its
contemporary, the
Toledo Gazette, are encountered
frequently, and the
editors were often crossing swords, or
pens, with the
editors of the Maumee Express at
Maumee City, and
the Miami of the Lake at
Perrysburg.
In politics, the Blade consistently
supported the
Whig cause.
In the issues of July 4 and July 11,
1837, the Blade
published in two installments the
"Charter and By-Laws
of the City of Toledo," the text
being set in wide meas-
ure, much wider than the regular
columns of the news-
paper. The invariable reason for
composition in a
wider measure was the desire to use the
type to print
a booklet. The charter was undoubtedly
issued in
pamphlet form, and would have comprised
nineteen or
twenty pages. If this was done, it
would constitute one
of the earliest Toledo book or pamphlet
imprints.
The 25th issue of Volume II, dated
September 5,
1837, was "printed and published
by A. W. Fairbanks,"
alone, and the reason for the change is
set forth in the
following notice: "Dissolution.--The protracted ill-
ness of an aged mother at Detroit,
requiring the pres-
ence of Mr. Willard at that place, the
partnership
hitherto existing between him and Mr.
Fairbanks, as
publishers of the BLADE, is necessarily
dissolved. The
latter will now have the sole control
of the establish-
ment."
432 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
With the issue of October 25, 1837, the
day of pub-
lication was changed to Wednesday.
"We shall en-
deavor to issue it at an early hour in
the morning,
though today its appearance will be
unavoidably delayed
by the sudden and unseasonable
departure of a journey-
man."
A single leaf only constituted the
issue of January
16, 1839. Failure to receive paper from
the Monroe
paper mill was blamed.
Bound in before the first issue of 1840
is a separately
printed broadside, on writing paper,
which is an interest-
ing Toledo imprint: "Carrier's
Address to the Patrons
of the Toledo Blade, January 1,
1840." The imprint at
the bottom reads: "A. W.
Fairbanks, Plain and Com-
mercial Job Printers, over the Post
Office, Summit
street."
In the issue of February 26, 1840,
which is Vol. IV,
No. 50, and in the two subsequent
issues, appears still
another removal notice: "For the
accommodation of
the Post Master, we have been induced
to remove from
our former location; we can now always
be found in
the large building, (up-stairs)
occupied by Dr. C.
McLean, as a drug-store below, nearly
opposite the Ohio
House, Summit street." At this time
the Blade was still
"published every Wednesday morning
by A. W. Fair-
banks."
With the issue of February 17, 1841,
the name of
A. W. Fairbanks disappears from the
masthead, and no
other name replaces it. There is no
mention in this or
the preceding issue of any change in
the name of pub-
lisher.
In the Blade of April 7, 1841, a
correspondent ad-
The First Ten Years of the Toledo
Blade 433
dresses the editor as "Mr.
Fairbanks." And in the issue
following, that of April 14, A. W.
Fairbanks was listed
as "Publisher &
Proprietor." This latter issue had
mourning rules between all columns,
because of the death
of President Harrison.
The week following, with the issue of
April 21, 1841,
we find notice of a "New
Co-Partnership" which reads
as follows: "The subscribers,
having formed a co-
partnership, the business will, after
the 5th of May, be
conducted under the name of Fairbanks
& Blanchard.
In addition to the publication of the BLADE, they
intend
to add thereto a Book Bindery, where
all kinds of bind-
ing and blank work will be done on
short notice. The
subscribers intend to make many
additions to the Job
department of their office this spring,
with which they
hope to be able to do all kinds of Book
and Job work
with neatness and despatch, and to the
satisfaction of all
those who may favor them with their
orders.
"A. W. FAIRBANKS
"S. S. BLANCHARD."
In accordance with this notice, the Blade
of May 12,
1841, Vol. VI, No. 9, appeared as
"Published by A. W.
Fairbanks & S. S. Blanchard."
The paper continued
thus until the issue of March 11, 1842,
Vol. VI, No. 52,
which appeared on a Friday, it being
explained that the
day of issue had been changed to that
day of the week
because the Toledo Register was
published every Tues-
day, and the new arrangement would, in
effect, give
Toledo a newspaper twice a week.
The first issue in the seventh volume
was misdated
March 19 (should have been March 18),
1842. With
Vol. XLIII--28
434
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
the issue of May 13 of the same year,
A. W. Fairbanks
again became sole publisher, Blanchard
having with-
drawn.
But still another change in publishers
was imminent.
With the issue of July 7, 1842, the Blade
was published
by Edward A. Graves. Fairbanks gave up
because of
his inability to collect the accounts
due him. He con-
tinued the business of job printing and
bookbinding.
With the issue of July 22, 1842, the
name of Daniel
McBain appears as editor, Graves
continuing as pub-
lisher. With Vol. VII, No. 45, dated
January 20, 1843,
D. McBain is listed as editor and
publisher. By March
17, Daniel McBain is indicated to be
editor only with
no publisher specified.
A. W. Fairbanks returns to control of
the Blade with
the issue of July 14, 1843, in which he
is designated as
"printer and publisher," with
the name Daniel Mc-
Bain, however, still listed as editor.
It was explained in
the issue, however, that McBain's work
on the news-
paper ceased with that issue. In the Blade
of the fol-
lowing week, July 21, his name still
appears as editor,
but it was dropped in the issue of July
28, no editor
being specified.
With Fairbanks continuing as printer
and publisher,
J. W. Scott became associated with the Blade
as editor,
his name appearing first in the issue
of January 12,
1844. The arrangement continued thus
into the ninth
volume, the first number of which was
dated March 15,
1844.
It was announced in the Blade of
March 28, 1845,
that J. W. Scott had purchased an
interest and that the
paper was published by Scott &
Fairbanks. Scott con-
The First Ten Years of the Toledo
Blade 435
tinued to fill the editorial chair. In
the issue of May 16,
1845, his name was given as Jesup W.
Scott. The last
issue of the first ten-year period,
Vol. X, No. 51, (should
read 52) was dated March 6, 1846. With
the opening
of the next volume the Blade became
a tri-weekly with
a smaller page size. Its first issue as
a daily appeared
April 17, 1848.
During this period, the columns of the Blade
not
given over to reprinted articles and
advertising, were
devoted largely to partisan
politics--national for the
most part, with state rivalries coming
in for a share of
attention. There was little local
Toledo news as such,
though deaths and marriages were often
reported. The
arrivals and departures of lake
steamers were regularly
recorded.
There appeared in the Blade from
time to time--as
in all newspapers of the
period--notices regarding the
appearance of other newspapers, which
are of special
value to the student of printing
history. I will therefore
give here some of the more interesting
items of this
character which were noted in my
examination of the
file.
First, however, there should be
mentioned a "Chron-
ology of Printing," reprinted from
the Grand Gulf Ad-
vertiser in the Blade of June 20, 1837. It was signed
by "H. V." who says that
"editors are requested to add
to the foregoing, or supply
deficiencies." Leaving out
the earlier dates of printing in
Europe, we find the fol-
lowing data bearing on printing in the
United States:
1719. American Weekly Mercury, the
first paper in
Philadelphia, printed.
436
Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
1728. The New York Gazette, the
first paper in that
State, published in June.
1729. Maryland Gazette printed.
1731. Printing in South Carolina.
1732. First printing on paper made
within the present
limits of the United States.
1739. First printing in Georgia.
1771. Printing in Louisiana.
1776. Fifty-six newspapers printed in the United
States.
1797. First printing in Mississippi.
1799. The Mississippi Gazette printed
in Natchez.
1814. Printing in Alabama.
1828. Nine hundred newspapers in the
United States.
1836. One thousands [sic] three
hundred newspapers in
the twenty-six states, territories and
District of
Columbia.
As will be noted, the dates for the
first printing in
South Carolina and Mississippi are
practically exact,
while the dates for Georgia and
Louisiana are far from
correct.
Also in the Blade of June 20,
1837, are proposals by
John M. Gallagher for publishing at
Columbus, the
Ohio Political Register.
In the issue of July 18, 1837, the
Cincinnati Repub-
lican is quoted as follows: "we have now before us a
very imposing looking newspaper, far
superior to our
own in appearance, and certainly not
inferior in interest,
called the Iowa News, published
at Du Buque, upper
Mississippi, Wisconsin Territory
...."
And in the issue of July 25, 1837, we
read this in-
teresting note giving us new
information on journalism
in Michigan: "J. Ketchum
Averill--'he--that wander-
ing knight so fair,' is now editing a new paper in the
The First Ten Years of the Toledo
Blade 437
village of Coldwater, Branch County,
Michigan. It is
called the Coldwater Observer, and
according to the
Detroit Morning Post, takes true
democratic ground,
and is ably (?) edited . .
."
In the Blade of August 22, 1837,
the Grand River
Times is quoted. It is referred to again in the issue of
January 3, 1838.
In the issue of September 19, 1837, the
Monroe
Democrat is quoted--another Michigan newspaper title
otherwise unrecorded.
In the Blade of September 5,
1837, we read that
"The Whig Central Committee of
Hancock County,
Ohio, advertises that a competent
editor, with a knowl-
edge of the mechanical part of
printing, can meet with
encouragement at Findlay, the seat of
justice of that
county ...."
The issue of September 12, 1837,
notices a new paper
in Michigan: "The Monroe Gazette.--This
is the name
of a new Whig paper recently
established at Monroe,
Michigan. It is under the editorial
charge of Mr. Hos-
mer, lately connected with the Maumee Express,
and
bids fair to be conducted with great
spirit. Success
attend it." It was Hezekiah L.
Hosmer who was re-
ferred to. He later established, in
1849, the daily edi-
tion of the Toledo Blade.
In the same issue the plant of the
Cincinnati Whig
was offered for sale by Jame [sic] F.
Conover, editor
and proprietor.
The Michigan City Gazette is
referred to in the
Blade of October 10, 1837: "The last number of this
paper came to us in an enlarged form
and with altered
438 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications
politics; two commendable changes. It
will hereafter
be conducted by J. M. Stuart &
Co."
In the issue of October 17, 1837, we
learn that "The
Constitutionalist is the name of a new Whig paper re-
cently established at Adrian, Michigan.
It is neatly
executed and promises to be a valuable
ally to the Whig
cause."
Here is an exceedingly important item,
indicating
the probable establishment of a
newspaper of which we
have otherwise no record whatever. In
the Blade of
July 25, 1838: "The press upon
which our paper was
recently printed has been carried to
Legrange, Cass
county, Michigan, where it will
continue to ply in the
good Whig cause."
The White Pigeon (Michigan) Gazette is
quoted in
the Blade of August 13, 1838.
In the issue of November 14, 1838, is
noticed a new
publication appearing at Augusta,
Kentucky: The
Colonizationist and Literary
Journal. This, as its name
implied, offered a solution of the
slave question alter-
native to abolition.
The Blade of November 21, 1838,
advises us that
"The Ohioan and New Era is
the title of a small sheet
just started at Akron, Ohio."
And from. the issue of the week
following we learn
that "The Mechanic and Indiana
Gazette, is the title
of a paper published in Indianapolis,
which we have just
received."
The issue of December 5, 1838, with
reference to the
Defiance Banner says: "We
are sorry to see this spirited
sheet stopped, but for the want of
support the editor
says it must be."
The First Ten Years of the Toledo
Blade 439
In the Blade of January 30,
1839: "The proprietors
of the Akron Balance, Portage
County, Ohio, offer for
sale their printing establishment. For
particulars ad-
dress Smith & Bowen, Akron,
Ohio."
From the issue of February 20, 1839, we
learn that
"The Saratoga County Exchange is
the name of a new
paper just started at Ballston Spa, New
York, upon the
ruins of the Republican, a Van
Buren Loco Foco organ.
The Exchange advocates the cause
of the Whigs . . .
Curtis & Davis, editors and
proprietors."
And in the same issue: "We have
received the first
and second numbers of the Western
Advertiser, pub-
lished at Cincinnati, by J. A. Ames,
type and stereotype
founder, and manufacturer of presses .
. ." This was
largely, it appears, a house organ to
promote Ames'
business.
There is reference in the Blade of
February 20, 1839,
to a newspaper at White Pigeon,
Michigan, now known
only through notice in another
paper. The present
reference, however, gives us its full
title for the first
time. "White Pigeon Republican
and St. Joseph County
Advertiser. A new paper bearing the above title, by
Munger & Adams, has been received.
It is a large
and well-executed sheet. We welcome our
old friend
Munger back again in the chair
editorial. It would be
a sin for the people of St. Joseph
County to let the
Republican go down for the want of support. Politics,
Van Buren."
The Blade of April 14, 1841,
reports that the plant
of the Huron Advertiser was
damaged by fire;
In the issue of March 25, 1842, we find
more news-
paper news: "Kalida Venture. Our
old friend Knapp,
440 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications formerly of the Manhattan Advertiser, but more re- cently of the Democratic Eagle, has taken the chair edi- torial of the Venture." The reference is to H. S. Knapp. The publisher of the Blade writes in the issue of May 20, 1842: "We learn that the Manhattan Advertiser is to be revived next week, by a Mr. Morrison." He de- plores the fact that men like Morrison, who are not practical printers, are invading the newspaper field. This was R. M. Morrison, who later established the short-lived Toledo Gazette, second paper of this title, in 1844. In the issue of June 10, 1842, the Michigan Whig of Adrian is quoted. The receipt of the first number of the Manhattan Telegraph, which was the revival of the Advertiser pre- viously noted as being in prospect, was acknowledged in the Blade of June 24, 1842. |
|
THE FIRST TEN YEARS OF THE
TOLEDO BLADE
By DOUGLAS C. MCMURTRIE
The Toledo Blade is approaching
its one hundredth
birthday--a long life for a mid-western
newspaper--
and it occupies still, as it did during
its infancy, a com-
manding position in the life of its
community. In view
of its long service, the history of its
beginnings becomes
of special interest. There is here
presented a detailed
record of the first decennium of its
existence.
The Blade was not the first
newspaper published in
Toledo. Printing was introduced in that
town in Aug-
ust, 1834, when James Irvine Browne
brought out the
initial issue of the Toledo Herald. After
a few numbers
had appeared, publication was suspended
because of the
illness of the printer and publisher.1
I have located no
extant copies of this newspaper.
This newspaper was soon revived,
however, by the
same publisher, this time under the
title of Toledo
Gazette. There were several
changes of ownership.
Publication continued at least until
late in 1837, and per-
haps longer, it being quoted in the Blade
of November 1,
1837. In 1838, the equipment of the
office was sold and
1 The statements regarding the Toledo Herald
and its successor, the
Gazette, are based on Clark Waggoner, History of the City of
Toledo and
Lucas County, Ohio, New York, 1888, p. 637-638.
(428)