Ohio History Journal

NOTES 85

84 Official Records, VII, 23.

85 See petition of Ohio Senate to President Lincoln [copy], February 3, 1862, in Garfield

Papers, Library of Congress.

86 Cleveland Herald, January 16, 1862.

87 Newspaper comments collected by J. H. Rhodes from the New York Post and other papers

and quoted in a letter to Garfield, January 20, 1862. Garfield Papers, Library of Congress.

88 Official Records, VII, 56. See also ibid., 46-48, 55-57; Johnson and Buel, Battles and

Leaders, I, 396.

89 Official Records, VII, 48.

90 Ibid., 48-50.

91 Humphrey Marshall to Alexander Stephens, February 22, 1862.

92 Official Records, VII, 57-58.

WILLIAM SANDERS SCARBOROUGH

* This is the second and final part of an article on William Sanders Scarborough, the first

part of which appeared in the October 1962 issue (v. 71, pp. 203-226).

1 Transactions of the American Philological Association, 1882, XIII (Cambridge, Mass., 1882),

iv. The Transactions of the American Philological Association will be referred to hereafter as

Transactions only.

2 Ibid., 1884. XV (Cambridge, Mass., 1885), vi.

3 At this commencement Jebb had received an honorary LL.D. Dictionary of National Biography,

1901-1911 (Oxford, 1912), 367-369.

4 Transactions, 1885, XVI (Cambridge, Mass., 1886), xxxvi.

Ibid., 1886, XVII (Boston, 1887), ii; ibid., 1887, XVIII (Boston, 1888), ii.

6 Education, IX (1888-89), 263-269.

7 Ibid., 396-399.

8 Ibid., X (1889-90), 28-33.

9 Transactions, 1888, XIX (Boston, 1889), xxxvi-xxxviii; ibid., 1889, XX (Boston, 1889), v-vi.

10 Ibid., 1890, XXI (Boston, n.d.), xlii-xliv. Later, he read a paper with the same title before

the National Educational Association.

11 Ibid., 1891, XXII (Boston, n.d.), 1-lii.

12 Education, XII (1891-92), 286-293. The paper was based largely on Grote's History, VII,

154.

13 Education, XIV (1893-94), 213-218. It was also summarized in Transactions, 1892, XXIII

(Boston, n.d.), vi-viii.

14 "Hunc Inventum Inveni," Transactions, 1893, XXIV (Boston, n.d.), xvi-xix.

15 Ibid., 1894, XXV (Boston, n.d.), xxiii-xxv.

16 Ibid., 1895, XXVI (Boston, n.d.), xi.

17 Ibid., 1896, XXVII (Boston, n.d.), xlvi-xlviii.

18 Ibid., 1898, XXIX (Boston, n.d.), lviii-lx.

19 Education, XIX (1898-99), 213-221, 285-293.

20 Transactions, 1902, XXXIII (Boston, n.d.), xx.

21 Ibid., 1903, XXXIV (Boston, n.d.), xli.

22 Ibid., 1906, XXXVII (Boston, n.d.), ii, xxx-xxxi.

23 Ibid., 1907, XXXVIII (Boston, n.d.), ii, xxii-xxiii.

24 Ibid., 1908, XXXIX (Boston, n.d.), v.

25 Ibid., 1911, XLII (Boston, n.d.), ii.

26 Ibid., 1912, XLIII (Boston, n.d.), ix-xvii.

27 Ibid., 1913, XLIV (Boston, n.d.), iii.

²⁸ Ibid., 1916, XLVII (Boston, n.d.), ii.

29 Arnett was born at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, March 16, 1838, and died at Wilberforce,

Ohio, October 7, 1906. For a listing of a collection of his papers, see The Benjamin William

Arnett Papers at Carnegie Library, Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio, compiled by

Casper L. Jordan (Wilberforce, Ohio, 1958).

30 Leonard E. Erickson, "The Color Line in Ohio Public Schools, 1829-1890" (unpublished

Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 1959), 333-339.

31 Champion City Times (Springfield, Ohio), March 1, 1887.

32 The Centennial Jubilee of Freedom at Columbus, Ohio (Xenia, Ohio, 1888), 67.

86 OHIO HISTORY

33 Arlin Turner, George W. Cable (Durham, N. C., 1956), 241-262.

34 The Forum, VII (1889), 80-89.

35 TheArena, II (1890), 39-56. For Breckinridge's important political, legal, and journalistic

career, see Dictionary of American Biography, III, 11-12.

36 Wade Hampton, "The Race Problem," The Arena, II (1890), 132-138.

37 Yet Hampton was relatively a moderate and was defeated for reelection to the senate by

the demagogic Ben Tillman. Hampton M. Jarrell, Wade Hampton and the Negro: The Road

Not Taken (Columbia, S. C., 1949).

38 The Arena, II (1890), 560-567.

^{39 Ib}id., IV (1891), 219-222.

40 The Forum, XXV1 (1898-99), 434-440.

41 Education, XX (1899-1900), 270-276.

42 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, XVI (1900), 145-147.

43 See also Daniel Walden, "The Contemporary Opposition to the Political and Educational

Ideas of Booker T. Washington," Journal of Negro History, XLV (1960), 103-115.

44 After careful study of the Booker T. Washington papers a recent student concludes: "It is

clear, then, that in spite of his placatory tone and his outward emphasis upon economic develop-

ment as the solution to the race problem, Washington was surreptitiously engaged in undermining

the American race system by a direct attack upon disfranchisement and segregation; that in spite

of his strictures against political activity, he was a powerful politician in his own right." August

Meier, "Toward a Reinterpretation of Booker T. Washington," Journal of Southern History,

XXIII (1957), 220-227.

45 Various papers from his pen were published during this period in the Southern Workman

and Hampton School Record.

46 The Kansas City Star declared that this discriminatory action was wholly "at variance with

the progressive spirit of the Great West."

47 Methodist Review, LXXVI (1894), 890-899.

48 For further discussion, see John Henry Barrows, The World's Parliament of Religions

(Chicago, 1893).

49 The Arena, XVII (1896-97), 186-192. An excerpt was printed in the Review of Reviews,

XV (1897), 216-217.

50 The Arena, XXIV (1900), 478-483.

51 "The Negro and Our New Possessions," The Forum, XXXI (1901), 341-349; "The Negro

and Higher Learning," ibid., XXXIII (1902), 349-355.

52 For details of the observance, see Basil Mathews, Booker T. Washington (Cambridge, Mass.,

1948), 216-217.

53 The latter address was printed later at Springfield, Ohio.

54 American Magazine, LXIII (1907), 563-579; LXIV (1907), 3-18, 135-148, 297-311, 381-395.

See also Ray Stannard Baker, American Chronicle (New York, 1945), 238. Following the Color

Line was published in New York in 1908.

55 For a report of the sessions, see G. Spiller, ed., Papers on Inter-Racial Problems, Com-

municated to the First Universal Races Congress (London, 1911).

56 The Independent, LXXXVII (1916), 386-387. The Independent sponsored an effort to erect

a science hall at Wilberforce in honor of Ward, but the war prevented the accomplishment of

the proposal.

57 The Independent, LXXXIX (1917), 505.

58 Eugene H. Roseboom and Francis P. Weisenburger, A History of Ohio (Columbus, 1953),

342, 353.

59 "Race Riots and Their Remedy," The Independent, XCIX (1919), 223. Scarborough's picture

was also published in this issue.

60 A.M.E. Review, I (1884), 37-45.

61 Ibid., II (1886), 132-138.

62 Ibid., III (1886), 126-135.

⁶³ Ibid., X (1894), 348-357.

64 Ibid., XVI (1900), 360-367.

65 P. H. Swift, "The Third Ecumenical Conference," Methodist Review, LXXXIV (1902), 211-

218.

66 The son had set out for Rome in 1891 to continue his art studies but had located in Paris.

By 1901 his pictures "Resurrection of Lazarus," "Annunciation," "Christ and Nicodemus," and

others had brought him considerable renown. Dictionary of American Biography, XXII, 648-649.

NOTES 87

67 Tanner lived until May 25, 1937, dying in Paris.

68 Henry F. Pringle, The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography (New York,

1939), I, 51, 59.

69 Erickson, "The Color Line in Ohio Public Schools," 333-339.

70 Conventions of free Negroes to assert the rights of their race were not unknown before the

Civil War. Howard H. Bell, "The National Negro Convention, 1848," Ohio Historical Quarterly,

LXVII (1958), 357-368; John Hope Franklin, From Slavery to Freedom (New York, 1947),

233-234. Such conventions were frequent in the years after 1865. Herbert Aptheker, ed., A Docu-

mentary History of the Negro People of the U. S. (New York, 1962), II, 540-543, 686-691, 697-

703, 708-711.

71 The address was printed in pamphlet form and was widely distributed, receiving favorable

comments.

72 Proceedings of the Eighth Republican National Convention, 1884 (Chicago, 1884), 17.

73 For other aspects of the campaign, see Margie A. Smith, "The Presidential Election of 1884

in Ohio" (unpublished M.A. thesis, Ohio State University, 1960).

74 For Hoadly's political activities, see Mary G. Roberts, "The Governorship of George Hoadly,

Governor of the State of Ohio, 1883-1885" (unpublished M.A. thesis, Ohio State University, 1952).

75 At the dinner preceding the banquet, at the home of Governor and Mrs. Foraker, Scarborough

was seated between Senator John Sherman of Ohio and Governor James A. Beaver of Pennsylvania.

He rode to the Statehouse later with Sherman.

76 Ohio State Journal (Columbus), February 14, 1888.

77 "Address to the Colored Citizens of the United States," in Frederic M. Holland, Frederick

Douglass (New York, 1891), 371-372.

78 Douglass was appointed by Harrison as United States minister to Haiti. James A. Padgett,

"Diplomats to Haiti and Their Diplomacy," Journal of Negro History, XXV (1940), 292-296.

For Harrison's favorable attitude toward the Negro, see Harry J. Sievers, Benjamin Harrison.

Hoosier Statesman, From the Civil War to the White House, 1865-1888 (New York, 1959), 231,

244, 361.

79 For the program of the meeting, see the Columbus Daily Press, February 13, 1889.

80 Douglass resigned in humiliation following attacks upon him for not supporting United

States imperialistic policies in Haiti. A. T. Volwiler, ed., The Correspondence Between Benjamin

Harrison and James G. Blaine, 1882-1893 (Philadelphia, 1940), 81.

81 Letters in ibid., 174, 177, 178, 181.

82 James S. Clarkson to Scarborough, August 15, 1892. Scarborough Papers, Carnegie Library,

Wilberforce University. All letters cited hereafter are in this collection.

Clarkson had gained notoriety as an arch-spoilsman during Harrison's administration by his

wholesale removal of Democratic postmasters.

83 It went to William Frank Powell of New Jersey, a native of Troy, N. Y., and the office

was raised to that of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. Padgett, "Diplomats to

Haiti," 302-306.

84 See details in Henry F. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt (New York, 1931), 248-249.

85 T Bentley Mott, Myron T. Herrick, Friend of France (New York, 1929), 79-85; George

Porter Felger, "The Campaigns and Governorship of Myron T. Herrick" (unpublished M.A.

thesis, Ohio State University, 1938).

86 Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, 458-464; Joseph B. Foraker, Notes of a Busy Life (Cincinnati,

1916), II, 260-261.

87 For Beacom's career, see General Catalogue of Oberlin College, 1833-1908 (Oberlin, Ohio,

1909), 65.

88 Gerald E. Ridinger, "The Political Career of Frank B. Willis" (unpublished Ph.D. dis-

sertation, Ohio State University, 1957), 148ff.

89 Maurice Maschke to Scarborough, July 7, 1920.

90 Frank B. Willis to Scarborough, August 31, 1920.

91 Various letters, including those of October 11 and November 8, 1920, from Willis to Scar-

borough.

92 Harry S. New to Scarborough, November 3, 1920.

93 Official notices, e.g., for employment from November 1, 1921, to January 31, 1922; from

February 1, 1923, to April 30, 1923; from November 1, 1923, to December 31, 1923. Scarborough

Papers.

94 Warren G. Harding to Scarborough, September 22, 1922, and February 2, 1923.

95 Scarborough to Henry C. Wallace, January 15, 1923 (copy).