NOTES
59
family. Martzolff, Shetrone, and
Weisenburger in their accounts provide additional bio-
graphical particulars.
13. As early as 1772 the Rev. David
Jones of New Jersey described the Circleville
earthworks. Shetrone, "Caleb
Atwater," 83.
14. Weisenburger, "Caleb
Atwater," 23-31.
15. Henry Howe, Historical
Collections of Ohio (Columbus, 1888), II, 416. See also
Weisenburger, "Caleb Atwater,"
20.
16. Howe, Historical Collections, II,
417. Howe described Atwater as having been a
"disappointed, unhappy man"
when the two met in 1846. They were distant relatives.
17. Weisenburger, "Caleb
Atwater," 30.
18. Quoted more fully in Weisenburger,
"Caleb Atwater," 34.
19. Also quoted in Weisenburger,
"Caleb Atwater," 34.
20. "Caleb Atwater," 267. In
February 1839, according to Weisenburger, Atwater
wrote in a letter to a close friend that
every copy of the first edition had been sold
within four weeks of the time it was
bound, and a second edition had just been issued.
"Caleb Atwater," 34. Atwater,
in his preface, said that he planned to publish only
500 copies at a time. A sampling of Ohio
libraries indicates that copies of the first
and second editions are available.
21. "Caleb Atwater," 87.
22. "Caleb Atwater," 32, 36.
23. Benedetto Croce, "History To Be
Written and Not To Be Written," in History
as the Story of Liberty (New York, 1955), 280.
24. See Allan Nevins and Henry Steele
Commager, The Pocket History of the United
States (New York, 1951), 200.
HANNAH FANCHER'S
NOTES ON OHIO SPEECH IN 1824
1. The Castigator (Georgetown, Ohio), April 15, 1828, August 7, 1832,
December 4,
1832, May 8, 1833.
2. Ibid., June 19, 1833.
3. The History of Brown County, Ohio (Chicago, 1883), 605; George Wells Bartholo-
mew, Record of the Bartholomew Family
(Austin, Tex., 1885), 192-194.
4. Colonel Herman Dieck, The Most
Complete and Authentic History of the Life and
Public Services of General U. S.
Grant (Philadelphia, 1885), 52.
5. N. P. Seymour in Dialect Notes, I
(1890), 17. See also W. H. Parry, "Dialect
Peculiarities in Southeastern
Ohio," Dialect Notes, IV (1916), 339-342; Lewis A. Ondis,
"Dialectical Peculiarities of
Athens, Ohio," American Speech, XX (1945), 232-223.
6. The Castigator (Ripley, Ohio), November 9, 1824.
7. Sometimes which by itself was
used for this purpose. Sir William A. Craigie and
James R. Hulbert, eds., A Dictionary
of American English on Historical Principles
(Chicago, 1940); hereafter D.A.E.
8. In Lester V. Berry and Melvin Van Den
Bark, The American Thesaurus of
Slang (New York, 1953), dauncy is included in a list
of "miscellaneous western terms,"
and defined as "downcast,
sad." See also D. A. E. Dauncy is still occasionally heard in
Ohio with the meaning defined by Hannah
Fancher.
9. In a swither, an obsolescent
phrase for uncertainty, was noted in 1940 at Salem,
Virginia. C. M. Woodard, A Word-list
from Virginia and North Carolina (American
Dialect Society, Publications, No.
6, 1946), 29. The Oxford English Dictionary gives
examples from the novels of Robert Louis
Stevenson.
10. This is essentially a southern usage.
Everett Dick, The Dixie Frontier (New York,
1948), 313.
11. Also noted in D. A. E.
12. Perhaps this pronunciation derives
from a misuse of the French oignon, from
which the English word is derived. The
British surname Onions is sometimes pro-
nounced "Onighans." H. L.
Mencken, The American Language: Supplement II (New
York, 1948), 460. D. A. E. notes
an 1825 dialect rendering of "ingyons."
13. Beal was an old English
variant of boil in the sense of skin eruption. Its survival
is noted in John T. Krumpelmann,
"West Virginia Peculiarities," American Speech,
XIV (1939), 155.
14. In 1827 a Georgian noted that his
neighbors used smart chance for "large quan-
tity." M. M. Mathews, ed.,
"Sherwood's Provincialisms," Dialect Notes, V (1927),
415-421.
15. Here Hannah Fancher supports a
British pronunciation. The four syllable version
was used in New Critical Pronouncing
Dictionary . . . by an American Gentleman
(Burlington, N. J., 1813).