NOTES
JAMES R. GARFIELD
1. Most of the material for this study
was taken from the James R. Garfield Papers,
which are on deposit at the Manuscripts
Division of the Library of Congress, Washing-
ton, D. C. All subsequent references to manuscripts are
to this collection unless other-
wise noted. Garfield's unpublished
journal, which he started in August 1880, was
especially helpful in following his
early career.
2. Two years before, disturbed by what
he believed was an inordinately large number
of unsavory persons who had attached
themselves to the Ohio G. O. P., Garfield told
his mother that he was thinking of
starting an independent movement because of the
nature of Ohio Republicanism, but she
advised him to stay in the party and reform it.
Garfield to Lucretia R. Garfield,
October 28, November 28, 1887; Lucretia R. Garfield
to Garfield, November 13, 1887. Years
later he told a reporter from the Cleveland
Weekly Leader (July 1, 1905) that he had been briefly interested in
the mugwump
movement in the 1880's but that since he
was a Republican by "birth, association, and
principle," he had decided to stick
by the party of his father.
3. Journal, April 1, 2, 1889; Gaillard
Hunt to Garfield, April 12, 1889.
4. Journal, April 28, June 22, October
23, 1889.
5. J. B. Burrows to Garfield, July 31,
1891; Garfield to Harry A. Garfield, August
4, 1891, Harry A. Garfield Papers. The
Harry A. Garfield Papers have recently been
acquired by the Library of Congress.
Harry, the oldest of the president's sons, often
advised his younger brother as to his
political ambitions.
6. As late as 1893 he recorded in his
journal that he would make no personal effort
to obtain the nomination as a state
senator. Journal, April 6, 1893.
7. Joseph P. Smith to Garfield, March 2,
1895; Charles Dick to Garfield, May 6, 1895.
8. Painesville Telegraph, June
26, 1895; Journal, May 8, 27, June 13, 1895; J. P.
Barden to Garfield, May 14, 1895.
9. Cleveland Weekly Leader, July 6, 1895; Painesville Telegraph, July 10,
1895;
Journal, July 2, 1895.
10. Journal, January 3, 14, 1896;
Garfield to Lucretia R. Garfield, January 14, 1895.
11. Cincinnati Enquirer, January
8, 1896; Cleveland Plain Dealer, January 8, 1896;
Journal, January 6, 1896.
12. Journal, February 14, March 20,
April 1, 21, 1896; Cincinnati Enquirer, April
2, 1896; Garfield to Helen N. Garfield,
February 15, 1896. Garfield often wrote in detail
concerning political affairs to his
wife, the former Helen Newell of Chicago.
13. Garfield to William E. Cushing,
January 4, 1896; Painesville Telegraph, January
22, 1896.
14. Cleveland Plain Dealer, March
19, 20, 1896; Cincinnati Enquirer, March 19, 20,
1896; Painesville Telegraph, March
25, 1896.
15. Charles W. Thwing to Garfield,
January 18, 23, 1896. Thwing, president of
Western Reserve University, indicated
that he was acting as spokesman for the heads
of the larger colleges.
16. Cleveland Plain Dealer, February
10, 1896.
17. W. A. Williams to Garfield, February
14, 1896; J. H. Beal to Garfield, February
17, 1896; Garfield to R. H. Jesse,
February 28, 1896.
18. Journal, February 18, 1896.
19. Cincinnati Enquirer, April
15, 1896; Journal, April 14, 1896.
20. Garfield to J. A. Howells, February
10, 1896.
21. Cleveland Plain Dealer, February
19, 1896; Cincinnati Enquirer, February 19,
1896; Journal, February 18, 1896.
22. Garfield to Helen N. Garfield, April
12, 1896; Journal, February 12, March 5,
12, 1896.
23. Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, March
7, 1896; Journal, March 6, 1896.
24. S. W. Davies to Garfield, April 19,
1896; Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 20, 1896;
Journal, April 16, 1896.
25. Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, February
22, 1896.
26. Cleveland Plain Dealer, April
20, 1896; J. C. Harper to Garfield, April 6, 1896;
L. B. Tuckerman to Garfield, April 6,
1896. A member of the Garfield law firm, Frederic
C. Howe, conferred with Garfield on
several occasions and wrote him a number of
letters in which he urged rather drastic
modification of the legislation. Frederic C.
Howe to Garfield, April 13, 15, 1896.
27. Marcus A. Hanna to Garfield, April
6, 1896.
28. Garfield to Hanna, April 13, 1896.