NOTES
95
86. Ibid., May 15, 1863.
87. Journal, May 1, 1863.
88. Ibid., June 19, 26, 1863.
89. Ibid., June 19, 1863.
90. Ibid., October 2, 1863.
91. Ibid.
92. Ibid., June 12, 1863.
93. Ibid., September 11, 1863.
See also ibid., June 5, July 10, 24, August 7, 14, 28,
September 4, 25, October 16, 1863.
94. Forum, July 31, August 14,
September 4, 1863.
95. Record of City Ordinances,
Bucyrus, Ohio, Vol. I., 1863, Mayor's Office, Bucyrus,
Ohio.
96. Journal, July 10, 1863.
97. Ibid., May 8, 1863.
98. Forum, July 17, 1863.
99. Ibid., June 5, 1863.
100. Hopley, Crawford County, 122.
101. Forum, July 17, August 7,
1863. Thomas E. Powell, The Democratic Party
in Ohio (Ohio Publishing Company, 1913), Vol. I, 148.
102. The Crisis, September 23,
1863.
103. Forum, August 21, 1863.
104. Ibid., September 11, 1863.
105. Journal, September 11, 1863.
106. Forum, October 9, 1863.
107. Jacob Scroggs to John Hopley,
October 8, 1863. John Hopley Papers, The
Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio.
108. Journal, April 1, 8, 15,
July 23, 1864.
109. Ibid., May 6, 1864.
110. Ibid., March 18, 1864.
111. Forum, March 18, 1864.
112. Ibid., December 4, 1863.
113. Ibid., March 4, July 22,
1864. Journal, August 6, 1864.
114. Forum, January 13, February
19, March 4, April 29, May 6, 1864; Journal,
January 29, 1864.
115. Ibid., June 10, 1864.
116. Forum, August 12, 1864.
117. Ibid., March 25, 1864; Journal,
August 6, 1864.
118. Forum, March 25, June 24,
August 12, October 7, 1864.
119. Ibid., August 12, 1864.
120 Journal, September 24, 1864.
121. Ibid., September 3, 1864.
122. Ibid., September 17, 1864.
123. Forum, November 18, 1864.
124. Ibid., November 11, 1864.
125. Ibid., November 18, 1864.
126. Journal, April 8, 1865.
127. Forum, November 11, 1864.
128. Ibid., January 20, 1865.
129. Ibid., April 14, 1865.
130. Journal, April 1, 1865.
131. Forum, June 9, 1865.
132. Journal, April 15, 1865.
ORSON BRAINARD: A
SOLDIER IN THE RANKS
1. Prior to reenlistment the Fifty-First
Regiment had seen action at Dobson's
Ferry, Tenn. (December 9, 1862); Stone's
River or Murfreesboro, Tenn. (December
31, 1862 to January 2, 1863); Rosecrans'
Tullahoma, Tenn. Campaign (June 23-30,
1863); Ringgold, Ga. (September 11,
1863); Chickamauga, Ga. (September 19-20, 1863);
Lookout Mountain, Tenn. (November 24,
1863); and Missionary Ridge, Tenn. (Novem-
ber 25, 1863).
See Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of
the War of the Rebellion (New York,
1959), III, 1520-21; J. B. Mansfield,
comp., The History of Tuscarawas County, Ohio
(Chicago, 1884), 424-435; Official
Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the
War of the Rebellion, 1861-1866 (Akron, 1887), IV, 585 (hereafter cited as Ohio
Roster); Sergeant Samuel Welch of Company E, "A Sketch of
the Movements of the
Fifty-First Ohio Volunteer
Infantry," The First Centennial History and Atlas of
96 OHIO
HISTORY
Tuscarawas County, Ohio (New Philadelphia, 1908), 107-115; Whitelaw Reid, Ohio
in the War: Her Statesmen, Her
Generals, and Soldiers (Cincinnati,
1868), II, 310-313.
2. Union (field) forces commanded by
Major General William T. Sherman in
the Atlanta Campaign, May 3-September 8,
1864: Army of the Cumberland, Major
General George H. Thomas; Fourth Army
Corps, Major Generals Oliver O. Howard
and David S. Stanley; First Division,
Major General David S. Stanley and Brigadier
Generals William Grose and Nathan
Kimball; Second Brigade, Brigadier General
Walter C. Whitaker and Colonel Jacob E.
Taylor.
See The War of the Rebellion: A
Compilation of the Official Records of the Union
and Confederate Armies (Washington, 1891), Series I, Vol. XXXVIII, Part I, Re-
port Nos. 19-20 for an account of the
Fifty-First Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the
Atlanta Campaign.
3. Following June 29, 1864, the date of
the last letter in the Brainard collection,
the Fifty-First Regiment gave battle at
Smyrna Camp Ground, Ga. (July 2-5);
Peach Tree Creek (July 20); and
Jonesboro (August 31 to September 1). Ohio
Roster, IV, 585.
Brainard's descendants believe that he
was killed in the Battle of Atlanta (Jones-
boro). After the fall of Atlanta, the
Regiment fought in the Battle of Franklin, Tenn.
(November 30, 1864) and the Battle of
Nashville (December 15-16, 1864). After
pursuing the enemy to Lexington,
Alabama, the Regiment went into camp at Hunts-
ville on January 5, 1865. On March 20 it
proceeded by rail to Strawberry Plains
and then to Bull's Gap, Tenn. On April 5
it moved by rail to Nashville where it re-
mained until June 16. It was next moved
to Texas via New Orleans and then landed
at Indianola, Texas on July 25. From
Indianola it marched to Blue Lake and Victoria,
Texas from which it was mustered out on
October 3, 1865. On the following day it
was on its way to Ohio where it arrived
on November 1. It was discharged at Camp
Chase. Reid, Ohio in the War, II,
312.
4. Not to be confused with Trenton in
Butler County. The village of Trenton, a
Moravian settlement in Warwick Township,
Tuscarawas County, was for a number
of years known as Tuscarawas or
Tuscarawastown, but later the name was changed,
upon petition, to Trenton. Since a post
office named Trenton already existed in
Butler County, the original name of
Tuscarawas has been retained for the village
in Tuscarawas County. Mansfield, History
of Tuscarawas County, 676.
5. Ohio Roster (Fifty-First regimental roster), IV, 585-645; the
roster for Company
K is cited on pp. 635-641. There was a
George Brainard who saw service with
Companies C, E, and G and he is also
listed under the Field and Staff, but he
was not related to Orson Brainard.
According to the records at New Philadelphia,
George Brainard came from Stillwater in
Rush Township, Tuscarawas County.
6. Mansfield, History of Tuscarawas
County, 428. Some of the following informa-
tion relative to Orson Brainard comes
from Mrs. John T. (Barbara Brainard)
Patterson of Findlay, Ohio whose father,
George Brainard of Bowling Green, Ohio,
is the grandson of George Washington
Brainard, who was born on June 5, 1863, a
little more than one year before Orson's
death and was the latter's only brother.
The Brainard letters have come down
through the family and were formerly the
property of George Brainard who, in
turn, has given them to Mrs. Patterson, who
has graciously consented to their
publication.
7. Referring to Company K of the
Fifty-First Regiment one writer observes,
"The names of other members of this
company who died or were killed in service
are not known, as the public records
have failed to preserve them." Mansfield,
History of Tuscarawas County, 435. Literally, this observation by Mansfield is
not true since the Ohio Roster (Vol.
IV) does record the names of several members
of Company K who were killed. It is
apparent that only a partial muster list,
an incomplete roll, was filed with the
Adjutant General for Company K. This
observation has been confirmed by the
editor, who personally checked the records
of the Probate Court and the Office of
Veterans' Affairs at New Philadelphia.
Moreover, William B. Haines, Chief of
the Division of Soldiers' Claims, Veterans'
Affairs of The Adjutant General's
Department, State of Ohio, has researched all
available records in that office,
including graves registration for the entire state,
and has found no record of Orson
Brainard. There is reason to believe, however,
that he is buried in Marietta National
Cemetery with some 3,095 decedents whose
graves are marked as "unknown."
8. The exact date of Brainard's
enlistment is unknown, but it is evident from
the letter quoted in footnote 22 below
that he was a veteran of over a year at the
time these letters were written.
9. This date is open to question.
Whitelaw Reid and Sergeant Samuel Welch
record that the Fifty-First Regiment
arrived in Columbus on February 10 for a
furlough; Reid records that it was a
thirty-day furlough, while Welch states that
it was a sixty-day veterans' furlough.
Reid, Ohio in the War, 311; Welch, "Move-
ments of the Fifty-First Ohio
Infantry," History and Atlas of Tuscarawas County, 115.
NOTES
97
Camp Jackson, Camp
Chase, and Camp Thomas were located in Columbus, and
there was a Camp Tod
(named after David Tod, governor, 1862-1864) at Troy,
Ohio. It would seem
that the barracks in which Brainard was housed at this time
were named after
Governor Tod. Since Brainard had arrived at Columbus on or
before February 10,
possibly he was temporarily quartered in barracks reserved for
Company D.
10. Private Addison
D. Moore, Company A, entered the service January 5, 1864
at the age of
nineteen; mustered out October 3, 1865. Ohio Roster, IV, 592.
11. Probably a
neighbor back home.
12. His furlough had
already ended; thus, it was probably a thirty day furlough,
as Reid records. See
footnote 9 above.
13. The first
prisoners of war at Camp Chase had arrived on July 5, 1861, and
the "high tide
of prison population was reached in 1863 with 8,000." Robert S.
Harper, Ohio
Handbook of the Civil War (Columbus, Ohio, 1961), 44.
14. On this same date
Sherman relieved Grant at Nashville in order that the
latter could assume
command of all the armies of the United States and direct
the operations
against Richmond. Sherman, meanwhile, began organizing his army
for the march into
Georgia. By the end of March, Union Generals Sherman, J. B.
McPherson, George H.
Thomas, and John M. Schofield were conferring at Chattanooga
while Southern
General Joseph E. Johnston was securely entrenched at Dalton,
Ga., thirty miles distant.
William T. Sherman, Memoirs of General William T. Sherman,
Civil War Centennial
Series (Bloomington, Indiana, 1957), II, 5-8.
15. Felix Kirk
Zollicoffer, a political power in Tennessee, accepted a commission
as brigadier general
in the Confederate army and was in command of East Tennessee
shortly after the
outbreak of the war. Late in 1861 he was ordered to move his
army to Mill Springs,
Ky. and was killed in the Battle of Logan Cross Roads,
January 19, 1862.
16. Robert Carnes was
commissioned Second Lieutenant on March 25, 1865.
Reid, Ohio in the
War, 309. See also, Ohio Roster, IV, 620 and 608: "Robert Korns
entered the service
on September 19, 1861 at the age of twenty-six and served with
Company G; promoted
to 2nd Lt., Co. E, on March 25, 1865; mustered out October
3, 1865." In all
probability they were the same man.
17. On December 31,
1862 the Fifty-First Regiment (then a part of the Third
Brigade, Third
Division, Left Wing Fourteenth Corps, Army of the Cumberland)
while on
reconnaissance at Stone's River, had encountered the enemy in force.
On January 1, 1863
the Regiment again crossed the river and took position; four
companies were thrown
out as skirmishers. They skirmished with the enemy all
of that day and night
and part of the next day. On the afternoon of January 2,
General John C.
Breckinridge's division charged, flanked the right, and swept it
to the west side of
Stone's River. The Fifty-First left 32 of its men dead on the
field, 105 wounded,
and 46 captured. It was at this point when General William B.
Rosecrans' artillery
saved the day for the Union troops by almost literally blowing
the Confederate
columns of attack into and across Stone's River. Such recollections
of the Battle of
Stone's River must have flashed across Brainard's mind as he now
viewed the
battlefield. Dyer, A Compendium, 1520; Reid, Ohio in the War, 310-311.
18. No Abraham
Glasbrook or Jake Babst is listed in the roster of the Fifty-
First Regiment. It is
probable that, like Brainard, their names were not recorded in
The Adjutant
General's Office. It is possible they were in another regiment, and
perchance Brainard
saw them in Cleveland, Tennessee.
19. Brigadier General
Walter C. Whitaker commanded the Second Brigade, First
Division, Fourth
Corps, Army of the Cumberland from May 3 to June 30. Sickness
compelled him to turn
over his command to Colonel Jacob E. Taylor on June 30.
The War of the
Rebellion, Report Nos. 19 and 20, pp.
240-247, 247-253. See also
footnote 2 above.
20. Mere rumor; the
Second Brigade in less than a month would be marching
with Sherman toward
Atlanta.
21. On November 24,
1863 the Fifty-First Regiment had participated in the
storming of Lookout
Mountain. Reid, Ohio in the War, 311.
22. Perhaps Orson
recalled the contents of a letter written to him by his father
Joel M. Brainard from
Trenton on January 14, 1863. Quoting the pertinent section:
You stated that you
wanted two dollars for Picture i
Enclose you two
dollars now it is no use for you to be spending so
Mutch Money i
told
you that i had none
when i was up there this i have had to
borrow i
dont
see Any use for your
spending All the Mony that you Can get A hold of
23. Benjamin Walton,
Musician, Company K, entered the service October 19,
1861 at the age of
eighteen. Ohio Roster, IV, 636.
24. Private Isaac
Enfield entered the service January 5, 1864 at the age of
nineteen; originally
assigned to Company K; transferred to Company A on December
10, 1864; mustered
out with the Company on October 3, 1865. Ohio Roster, IV, 637, 591.
98 OHIO
HISTORY
25. Private Joseph B. Keffer entered the
service February 18, 1864 at the
age of thirty-eight; transferred from
Company K to Company B on December 10,
1864; discharged May 30, 1865 on
Surgeon's Certificate of Disability. Ohio Roster, IV,
596, 638.
26. Drilling of raw recruits preparatory
for Sherman's march to Atlanta.
27. Further evidence of drilling;
Sherman's march was to begin in eleven days
(May 6). James Ford Rhodes, History
of the Civil War, 1861-1865 (New York,
1923), 314.
28. On May 11 Sherman, perceiving signs
of Johnston's evacuation of Dalton,
ordered the general advance on Resaca.
Sherman, Memoirs, II, 35.
29. See footnote 2 above.
30. Welch, "Movements of the
Fifty-First Ohio Infantry," 115. Welch entered
the service September 20, 1861 at the
age of thirty-four; mustered out on October 17,
1864 upon the expiration of his term of
service. Ohio Roster, IV, 608.
31. Between May 3 and May 20 Whitaker's
Second Brigade had skirmished at
Tunnel Hill (May 6-7), Buzzard's Roost
Gap (May 8-9), Rocky Face Ridge and
Dalton (May 9-13), Resaca (May 14-15),
Kingston and Cassville (May 18-19). Dyer,
A Compendium, 1520.
32. "The brave officers and men
hurled such storms of shell, shot, and canister
upon the rebel lines that they were
enabled to maintain their position until General
[Joseph] Hooker's command, advancing,
aided them in turning back the rebel column,
which was advancing far in rear of our
left flank." The War of the Rebellion, "Whit-
aker Report," 241.
33. Walton died on May 17 of wounds
received on May 14 at Resaca. See footnote
23 above.
34. According to Whitaker, the
Confederate loss as reported by prisoners was
about 300 killed and some 600 or 800
wounded, while Whitaker's own loss was light.
"Whitaker Report," 241. Total
Union losses at Resaca were 600 killed and 2,147
wounded, while Confederate losses were
300 killed, 1500 wounded, and 1000 missing,
according to Benson J. Lossing, A
History of the Civil War, 1861-65 (New York,
1912), 352. See also Francis T. Miller,
who states that the battle "had cost each
army nearly three thousand men." The
Photographic History of the Civil War (New
York, 1957), III, 110. On the morning of
May 16 the Confederate works were found to
be evacuated, and the Second Brigade
passed through Resaca and crossed the Oostenaula
late in the evening. It encountered
heavy skirmishing all the way to Kingston.
"Whitaker Report," 241-242.
35. During May 20, 21, and 22 the Second
Brigade remained in position near
Cassville; on the 23rd it crossed the
Etowah, and on the 24th it encamped late at
night in heavy rain at Burnt Hickory. On
the 25th it continued pursuing the enemy
"and passing Pumpkin Vine Creek
[we] were ordered to support General Hooker's
corps, which had come up with and had a
severe engagement with the rebels." The
Second Brigade went into line of battle
that night, and on the 26th remained in this
position. On May 27 the Brigade moved
across Little Pumpkin Vine Creek where it
remained until June 5 as it worked day
and night, in rain and mud, under heavy
fire. "Whitaker Report," 242.
36. Samuel Slade entered the service
September 20, 1861 at the age of thirty.
Originally assigned to Company E, he was
transferred to Company G on January
13, 1863 and was promoted to Captain on
April 14, 1863; was mustered out with
the Company on October 3, 1865. Ohio
Roster, IV, 607, 620.
37. Commenting on these days, the
commanding officer of the Second Brigade
wrote, "Severe skirmishing took
place night and day with but little intermission,
varied every day by heavy artillery
firing. This position was most fiercely con-
tested, yet day and night my officers
and men for ten days worked and fought until
we advanced our lines to pistol-shot
range at some points of the enemy's works.
Here the fire was so heavy and
concentrated that no human being could show above
the works for any length of time without
being shot." "Whitaker Report," 242.
38. See footnote 35 above. At Pumpkin
Vine Creek since May 25-26, "The
enemy was so hotly pressed that on the
morning of the 5th [of June] his works
were again found vacated. June the 6th
we pursued them, and took position about
three miles south of Acworth. Here we
remained until the 10th June, on which day
we advanced (skirmishing) and found the
enemy strongly intrenched on Pine Mountain,
with his left toward Lost [Mountain] and his right
toward Kenesaw Mountain. June 11,
took position. . .and threw up
earth-works with lumber revetments for artillery and
riflemen. Keeping a heavy line of
skirmishers forward, the enemy opened from
Pine Mountain with artillery. Remained
in this position, with severe skirmishing,
the 12th, 13th, and 14th of June." "Whitaker
Report," 242-243.
39. Probably an accurate observation.
"No clear understanding of this remarkable
campaign can be had, unless the difficult character of
the country and the formid-
able nature of these artificial defences are
remembered." Jacob D. Cox, The Army
NOTES
99
in the Civil War: Atlanta (New York, 1882), IX, 83. Owing to the size of
Sherman's
formidable army, Johnston wisely fought
a delaying action and relied heavily on his
defences. In some respects they were
more elaborate than those erected by the
Union army. "At exposed places they were covered
by chevaux-de-frise, made of logs
pierced with sharpened spokes, and by
sharpened palisades along the ditch." Loc.
cit. Other historians, however, assert that the character of
the defences was about the
same on both sides.
40. During those days "It rained
incessantly, and these brave men in their
rifle-pits, some in water nearly waist
deep, resisted, successfully every effort made
to dislodge them." "Whitaker
Report," 243. It is interesting to note that it took
only ten days for a letter from Ohio to
reach the army in the field during war time.
41. Private David P. Fry entered the
service January 7, 1864 at the age of
twenty and was assigned to Company K. On
December 10, 1864 he was transferred
to Company A; he was mustered out
October 3, 1865. Ohio Roster, IV, 637, 591.
42. Hiram Romig, although not listed in
the roster of the Fifty-First Regiment,
was one of the twelve grandsons of John
Romig who saw service in the Civil War;
he died in the service. History and
Atlas of Tuscarawas County, 75.
43. On this date the Confederates
abandoned their position at Pine Mountain
and took new position on their line of
entrenchments between Kenesaw Mountain
and Lost Mountain. "Whitaker
Report," 243. See also, Benson J. Lossing, The Pictorial
Field Book of the Civil War in the
United States of America (Hartford,
Conn., 1880),
III, 378. See also footnote 38 above.
44. Ohio's "100-day men,"
volunteer militia, were called from civilian pursuits,
and their ranks included men above and
below the prescribed military age and
veterans who had served their
enlistments or had been discharged for wounds or
other service disability. These unsung
heroes of the war, who served primarily in
Virginia, Maryland and the locale of
Washington, D.C., made it possible for Grant
to throw his full strength against Lee
in the summer of 1864. It was only natural that
three year enlistees and draftees
ridiculed these "short-termers." See Robert S.
Harper, Ohio Handbok of the Civil War
(Columbus, 1961), 33-34.
45. Reference is to Lieutenant General
Leonidas Polk, formerly Protestant Episcopal
Bishop of the diocese of Louisiana and a
cousin of James K. Polk. Generals J. E.
Johnston, W. J. Hardee, and Leonidas
Polk were reconnoitering upon the sum-
mit of Pine Mountain when the Union
cannonade commenced. The three figures
stood conspicuous on the lonely height
when a cannonball from one of General
Thomas' batteries killed Polk instantly.
This was on June 14th rather than the 13th
as stated by Brainard. "Opposing
Sherman's Advance to Atlanta," by General Joseph
E. Johnston, Battles and Leaders of
the Civil War (New York, 1884), IV, 270-271.
46. Corrected date should be June 24;
see footnote 51 below. While this letter
was written within sight of Kenesaw
Mountain, the Special Assault on Kenesaw
was not to take place until June 27.
47. First Lieutenant Peter Lowe, who had
entered the service September 7, 1861
at the age of forty-two, had been
transferred to Company K from Company A on
March 10, 1864. He resigned his
commission on December 6, 1864. Ohio Roster, IV,
635, 589.
First Lieutenant John H. Purvis had
entered the service September 9, 1861 at
the age of twenty-one. He, too, came up
through the ranks and saw service with
Companies B, G, and I. He was mustered
out October 3, 1865. Ohio Roster, IV, 594,
620, 629.
48. Frederick Winzenreid, Company K, had
entered the service October 11,
1861 at the age of twenty-two. He was
killed in action at Kenesaw Mountain on
June 19. He is listed in the Ohio
Roster as a corporal, rather than a sergeant. Ohio
Roster, IV, 635.
49. "The Twenty-first Kentucky,
Colonel [Samuel W.] Price commanding, was
ordered to storm the first line of
works. The Fifty-first Ohio, Colonel [Richard W.]
McClain, was ordered to support, while
the pioneers of the brigade were held in
readiness to fortify immediately any
vantage ground taken. The skirmishers having
advanced, at 4 p.m. the assault was
made. It was one of the most brilliant and suc-
cessful assaults of the war. So rapidly
and effectively was it done that the great bulk
of the rebels occupying the works were
killed or taken prisoner. The officers and
men of the Twenty-first charged beyond
this line, and up to within a few yards of
their main lines. The color-sergeant,
Henry Bryant, being wounded, Sergt. William
L. Lanham seized the colors, and bearing
them forward was in the act of mounting
the parapet of the enemy's main works
when he was fatally shot. The brave men
with him brought back their colors to
the first line of works, where they firmly
maintained themselves until the
Fifty-first Ohio and the pioneers [arrived], making
the works more tenable." This
action had taken place on June 20, and Colonel
Price was wounded severely. The
commanding officer of the Brigade paid tribute to
"the efficient conduct of Colonel
McClain and Lieutenant-Colonel [Charles H.]
100 OHIO
HISTORY
Wood" of the Fifty-First Regiment.
The Second Brigade's loss was 273 killed, wounded,
and missing. Prisoners reported
Confederate losses between 500 and 600 killed and more
than 1000 wounded. "Whitaker
Report," 243-244. Brainard's Arabic numerals at
this point are not clear, but the editor
made them out to be 7 killed and 161 wounded.
50. First Lieutenant Willis C. Workman
had entered the service September 10,
1861 at the age of twenty-four. He had
just been promoted to First Lieutenant on
May 25, 1864, and according to the Ohio
Roster he was killed on June 22 at Kenesaw
Mountain. Ohio Roster, IV, 624.
51. Musician Reason Pool, Company K, had
entered the service October 16, 1861
at the age of sixteen. According to the Ohio
Roster, he was killed on June 24, 1864
on the skirmish line near Kenesaw
Mountain; thus, the date of this letter was Friday,
June 24, rather than June 22
(Wednesday). Ohio Roster, IV, 636.
52. Big Shanty was a railroad station
within sight of Kenesaw Mountain.
53. Northern and Southern soldiers met,
for the moment, as friends and not
as foes. There were instances of father
and son and of brothers, one in blue and
the other in gray, meeting one another
on the bloody slopes of Kenesaw. Tennessee
and Kentucky had sent thousands to each side, and not
infrequently families had been
divided.
54. Sherman's effective strength as of
May 1, 1864 was 98,797 and that of
September 1 was 81,758; losses: killed,
4,423; wounded, 22,822; captured or missing,
4,442; or a total of 31,687. Major E. C.
Dawes of Cincinnati, who made a special
study of the subject, placed Union and
Confederate losses at about the same, namely,
40,000. Battles and Leaders of the
Civil War, 289.
Benson J. Lossing recorded that
Sherman's aggregate number of troops was
98,797 and "about this number of
troops were kept up during the campaign, the
number of men joining from furlough and
hospitals about compensating for the loss
in battle and from sickness." The
same author observed, "Notwithstanding Sherman
lost nearly one-third of his army,
re-inforcements had been so judiciously given,
that on his arrival at Atlanta he
maintained his original strength in men." Lossing,
The Pictorial Field Book of the Civil
War, III, 374, 394.
55. Private John W. Strayer, Company G,
entered the service September 18, 1861
at the age of eighteen. He was mustered
out October 3, 1865. Ohio Roster, IV, 623.
56. Private William Peters, Company E,
entered the service September 20, 1861
at the age of thirty-nine. He was
discharged at Nashville on May 4, 1862 on a Surgeon's
Certificate of Disability. Perhaps the
date of discharge as cited in the Ohio Roster,
IV, 612 is in error. One wonders under
what circumstances Brainard had seen Peters
so recently.
No John Blatter is listed in the Ohio
Roster. One of the histories of Tuscarawas
County, however, states that a John
Blotter built a grist mill in 1873 in Trenton.
Mansfield, History of Tuscarawas
County, 677.
AN ECONOMIC ASPECT
OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
1. Charles G. Dawes, A Journal of the
McKinley Years, edited by Bascom N.
Timmons (Chicago, 1950), 150, 152.
2. New York Times, March 27,
1898.
3. Most of the biographical material on
Kasson used in this essay has been taken
from Edward Younger, John A. Kasson (Iowa
City, 1955).
4. New York Times, March 20,
1898; New York Tribune, March 13, 1898; Washing-
ton Post, March 19, 1898. Kasson
had conducted some earlier exploratory discussions
on trade with the Spanish government.
New York Times, March 14, 1898.
5. Kasson to McKinley, March 24, [1898].
John Adam Kasson Papers, Iowa
State Department of History and Archives,
Des Moines. The memorandum has the
following notation written by Kasson on the reverse
side: "Memorandum sent to the
President March 24." An examination
of the statistics indicates that the year was 1898.
6. H. H. Kohlsatt, From McKinley to
Harding (New York, 1923), 72. Myron T.
Herrick, close personal friend and
political associate of McKinley, supported Kohl-
satt's assertion. "When history
comes to define and name the leading most prominent
feature of the policy of the Republican
party since the first inauguration of McKinley,"
he told a 1902 meeting of the New York
Board of Trade and Transportation, "it
will declare it to be a reaching out for
larger markets." Manuscript of a speech,
"The Middle West," in the
Myron T. Herrick Papers, Western Reserve Historical
Society.
7. New York Tribune, January 23,
1895.
8. Ibid., January 28, 1898.
9. William McKinley, Speeches and
Addresses (New York, 1900), 7; U.S. Congress,
The Statutes at Large (Washington, 1897), XXX, 203-204.
NOTES
95
86. Ibid., May 15, 1863.
87. Journal, May 1, 1863.
88. Ibid., June 19, 26, 1863.
89. Ibid., June 19, 1863.
90. Ibid., October 2, 1863.
91. Ibid.
92. Ibid., June 12, 1863.
93. Ibid., September 11, 1863.
See also ibid., June 5, July 10, 24, August 7, 14, 28,
September 4, 25, October 16, 1863.
94. Forum, July 31, August 14,
September 4, 1863.
95. Record of City Ordinances,
Bucyrus, Ohio, Vol. I., 1863, Mayor's Office, Bucyrus,
Ohio.
96. Journal, July 10, 1863.
97. Ibid., May 8, 1863.
98. Forum, July 17, 1863.
99. Ibid., June 5, 1863.
100. Hopley, Crawford County, 122.
101. Forum, July 17, August 7,
1863. Thomas E. Powell, The Democratic Party
in Ohio (Ohio Publishing Company, 1913), Vol. I, 148.
102. The Crisis, September 23,
1863.
103. Forum, August 21, 1863.
104. Ibid., September 11, 1863.
105. Journal, September 11, 1863.
106. Forum, October 9, 1863.
107. Jacob Scroggs to John Hopley,
October 8, 1863. John Hopley Papers, The
Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio.
108. Journal, April 1, 8, 15,
July 23, 1864.
109. Ibid., May 6, 1864.
110. Ibid., March 18, 1864.
111. Forum, March 18, 1864.
112. Ibid., December 4, 1863.
113. Ibid., March 4, July 22,
1864. Journal, August 6, 1864.
114. Forum, January 13, February
19, March 4, April 29, May 6, 1864; Journal,
January 29, 1864.
115. Ibid., June 10, 1864.
116. Forum, August 12, 1864.
117. Ibid., March 25, 1864; Journal,
August 6, 1864.
118. Forum, March 25, June 24,
August 12, October 7, 1864.
119. Ibid., August 12, 1864.
120 Journal, September 24, 1864.
121. Ibid., September 3, 1864.
122. Ibid., September 17, 1864.
123. Forum, November 18, 1864.
124. Ibid., November 11, 1864.
125. Ibid., November 18, 1864.
126. Journal, April 8, 1865.
127. Forum, November 11, 1864.
128. Ibid., January 20, 1865.
129. Ibid., April 14, 1865.
130. Journal, April 1, 1865.
131. Forum, June 9, 1865.
132. Journal, April 15, 1865.
ORSON BRAINARD: A
SOLDIER IN THE RANKS
1. Prior to reenlistment the Fifty-First
Regiment had seen action at Dobson's
Ferry, Tenn. (December 9, 1862); Stone's
River or Murfreesboro, Tenn. (December
31, 1862 to January 2, 1863); Rosecrans'
Tullahoma, Tenn. Campaign (June 23-30,
1863); Ringgold, Ga. (September 11,
1863); Chickamauga, Ga. (September 19-20, 1863);
Lookout Mountain, Tenn. (November 24,
1863); and Missionary Ridge, Tenn. (Novem-
ber 25, 1863).
See Frederick H. Dyer, A Compendium of
the War of the Rebellion (New York,
1959), III, 1520-21; J. B. Mansfield,
comp., The History of Tuscarawas County, Ohio
(Chicago, 1884), 424-435; Official
Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the
War of the Rebellion, 1861-1866 (Akron, 1887), IV, 585 (hereafter cited as Ohio
Roster); Sergeant Samuel Welch of Company E, "A Sketch of
the Movements of the
Fifty-First Ohio Volunteer
Infantry," The First Centennial History and Atlas of