DENTAL EDUCATION IN OHIO*
By EDWARD C. MILLS, D.D.S.
In 1860, the terms of graduation at the
Ohio College of
Dental Surgery were as follows:
A candidate must have attended two full
courses of lectures--the
last one in this institution, of good
moral character, and be 21 years old;
prepare a thesis on some subject
pertaining to dental science, and deposit
a full set of teeth of his own
workmanship; also undergo a satisfactory
examination in all branches taught in
this college.
A full course in a regular medical or
dental college, or four years
reputable practice will be considered
equivalent to a first course in school.
Terms of admission were--Professors'
tickets for one course or ses-
sion, $100.00; Demonstrators' tickets
$10.00; Matriculation fee $5.00;
Diploma fee, $30.00.
No preliminary educational requirements
are mentioned.
By a resolution in February, 1861,
the number of chairs
was reduced to five. The Chair of
Chemistry and Metallurgy was
to be changed to Chemistry and
Physiology; the Institutes of
Dental Science to that of Institute of
Medical and Dental Science;
Anatomy and Physiology to Anatomy and
Histology; and
Mechanical Dentistry to Mechanical
Dentistry and Metallurgy.
The personnel of the Board of Trustees
remained practically
the same since the organization of the
college in 1845 until 1865.
In order to bring the college more under
the control of the Ohio
Dental College Association, a change in
the original charter was
brought about by the following
Legislative Act:
AN ACT--To regulate colleges of dental
surgery.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the General
Assembly of the State of
Ohio. That the Board of Trustees of any
college of dental surgery here-
tofore incorporated and organized under
any law in this State, shall con-
sist of nine members and shall be
elected by the Stockholders of such
college in a manner as hereinafter
provided.
Section 2. The stockholders of such
college of dental surgery shall,
* Previous contributions under this
caption have appeared in this Quarterly in the
issues of July, 1939; October-December,
1940; October-December, 1942, Vol. XLVIII,
No. 3, Vol. XLIX, No. 4 and Vol. LI, No.
4, respectively.
356
OHIO MEDICAL HISTORY, 1835-58 357
at their first annual meeting after the
passage of this Act, proceed to elect
nine trustees of such college, three of
whom to serve as such for one year,
three of whom to serve as such for two
years, and three of whom to serve
as such for three years; Provided that
vacancies in said board of trustees,
occurring from any other cause than
expiration of the terms of the trustee,
creating such a vacancy, shall be filled
by the election by said stockholders,
of a trustee or trustees, to serve only
for the unexpired part of such term.
Section 3. This Act shall be in force
from and after its passage.
(Signed) John Johnston,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
April 13, 1865. S. Humphreville,
President pro tern of the Senate.
By virtue of this Act, a new board--all
dentists--was elected
as follows: George W. Keely, President;
B. D. Wheeler, Secre-
tary; A. Berry, A. S. Talbert, W. W.
Allport, H. J. McKellops,
W. H. Morgan, W. G. Redman and M.
DeCamp. Miss Lucy
Hobbs, who graduated in the Class of
1865, was the first woman
to receive the dental degree.
With the session of 1867-8, a new Chair
of Clinical Den-
tistry was substituted for Demonstrator
of Operative and Mechan-
ical Dentistry; the Chair of Pathology
and Therapeutics was
revived; and Microscopy added to the
Chair of Chemistry. Also
a Chair on Histology and Physiology was
established. Eight
years, instead of four years, of
reputable practice, were to be
considered equivalent to one session at
college. The entrance
requirement was a preliminary
examination, the requirements of
which were a good English education; the
students were to be
divided into two classes, junior and
senior.
The announcement for 1867 states that
the faculties of the
several dental colleges of America, with
a single exception--The
Pennsylvania Dental College--had united
in forming a society
called "The Association of the
Colleges of Dentistry." The Ohio
College thoroughly approved of this
organization, and as it was
the first step toward unification of
dental educational institutions,
here is a copy of the Constitution and
By-Laws of the Association
of the Colleges of Dentistry:
358 OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
CONSTITUTION
WHEREAS we recognize the necessity for
further effort for the
advancement and elevation of our
profession, and for a higher standard of
education and professional attainments;
Therefore
RESOLVED--That we do form ourselves into
an Association for
the accomplishment of the above object,
with the following regulations
for our government:
Article I
This organization shall be styled The
Association of the Colleges of
Dentistry, and shall be composed of the
Faculties of the Dental Colleges
subscribing to this Constitution.
Article II
The duty of this organization shall be
to confer together upon such
means and to suggest such measures to
the various colleges as may lead
to a concert of action in the
furtherance of these objects.
Article III
The officers of this Association shall
be a President, Vice President,
Recording Secretary, Corresponding
Secretary and Treasurer.
Article IV
The vote on all ordinary questions may
be decided by the individual
members of the Association present at
the meetings; but the determination
of any question of importance shall only
be by a vote of the colleges be-
longing to this organization. Each
college being entitled to but one vote,
and in case of a tie, the matter shall
be referred hack to the respective
Faculties for decision; the Professors
in the Didactic course of each col-
lege being entitled to vote, and the
majority shall decide.
Article V
This Constitution may be amended or
altered, by notice being given
one year in advance to all Faculties:
two-thirds of the Colleges being
necessary to effect such change.
BY-LAWS
I.
That the rule of our Dental Colleges allowing one session in a
medical college to be considered equivalent to one course in a
Dental College be abolished.
II.
That two full years of pupilage with a reputable Dental practitioner,
inclusive of two complete courses of
lectures in a Dental College,
be required to entitle the candidate to
an examination for graduation
for the degree of D.D.S.
OHIO MEDICAL HISTORY
1835-58 359
III.
That a graduate of a respectable medical college, who, has been
under the pupilage of a reputable
Dentist for one year, and shall
have attended one full course of
lectures in a Dental College, shall
be entitled to examination for the
degree of D.D.S.
IV.
That eight years of Dental practice, including regular pupilage, will
be regarded as equivalent to one course
of lectures.
V.
That the regular term of
instruction in the Dental Colleges, be
five months, the session in each to
commence on the 15th of
October.
VI.
That students entering the Colleges later than the 10th of November,
will not be credited for a full course,
nor be eligible to graduation
at the same term.
VII.
That a candidate for graduation will be required to furnish a
written certificate of having pursued
the required pupilage, or
period of practice.
VIII. Regarding the education of the
profession as the primary and only
object in the establishment of Dental
Colleges, therefore,
Resolved, That whilst this Association does not forbid, it cannot
ap-
prove the conferring of degrees upon
persons who have not complied with
the regulations agreed upon by this
body, with the exception of gentlemen
who have distinguished themselves as
contributors to Dental Science.1
The Announcement of 1867 states that the
college was first
to introduce the idea of "Volunteer
Demonstrators" calling in
eminent practitioners from various parts
of the country "to explain
and illustrate all that is peculiar in
his manipulations." During
the years following, many prominent
practitioners became visitors
as "Clinical Instructors."
The Ohio State Dental Society at its
organization in 1866,
expressed a cooperative spirit in
relation to the Ohio College, by
unanimously adopting the following
resolution:
RESOLVED--That we, the members of the
Ohio State Dental
Society, pledge ourselves to sustain the
Ohio Dental College, deeming
it a duty we owe the profession that the
honor may be sustained, and that
true dental science may be advanced: and
we further
RESOLVED, That, if need be, we will give
our money to sustain
said Institution.
There were a few lean years ahead in the
history of this
1 Dental Register, XXI (1867), 29-33,
181-2.
360
OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
school, during which its struggle for
existence was questionable;
the graduating class in 1874 numbered
but seven.
The Mississippi Valley Dental
Association at its annual
meeting in March, 1877, voiced similar
support in the following
unanimous resolution:
RESOLVED--That a committee of three be
appointed to obtain con-
tributions for the purpose of making
some changes and improvements in
the Ohio
Dental College building; also for
providing some additional ap-
pliances and apparatus for illustration
in teaching and also to increase the
library.
What financial assistance may have been
the result of this
philanthropic resolution, we are unable
to ascertain, except that
the Announcement for 1878 states that at
the last meeting of
the Dental College Association, the
propriety of reducing fees
for instruction was seriously
considered, inasmuch as the insti-
tution was out of debt and free of
taxation; also
the majority of stockholders being
dental practitioners who had given their
means in establishing Dental Colleges,
and having also relinquished all
claims to interest or profit from this
stock . . . that they should have
the benefit of the lowest fees consistent
with a thorough course of in-
struction, should they wish to place
their sons or students in the institution.
For these considerations and also in
view of the general depression
. . . the Faculty have determined to
make a reduction of 25% from the
fees formerly charged for tickets. A
still greater reduction has been made
in the diploma fee.
This seems to have complied with an
implied request by the
College Association.
The terms of admission to the session of
1878 were as fol-
lows: Matriculation (entrance) $5.00;
Professors' tickets $75.00
for one session; Demonstrators' tickets
(for anatomy) $5.00;
Diploma Fee $20.00.
The importance of preliminary
educational qualifications of
prospective dental students was no doubt
becoming evident, be-
cause, as early as 1874 it was urged
that all who enter the college
"shall come as thoroughly versed in
their preparatory studies as
possible. By far too many students seek
to enter the profession
who are sadly deficient in general
literary and scientific attain-
ment."
OHIO MEDICAL
HISTORY, 1835-58 361
The Alumni Association of the college
was organized March
6, 1879, at Cincinnati.
In 1881, a reorganization of the college
took place under
the guidance of Dr. H. A. Smith, and the
school entered an era
of prosperity under his management. By a
ruling of the National
Association of Dental Faculties,
beginning in 1885, the equivalency
of one session credited to practitioners
of five years' practice, was
abolished, and all students were
required to attend two full ses-
sions--excepting graduates of medicine,
who were, as heretofore,
credited with one session. The practice
of conferring honorary
degrees on dentists of recognized
ability and service to the pro-
fession, was also discontinued. In 1888,
the college became affili-
ated with the University of Cincinnati,
under the name of Ohio
College of Dental Surgery, Dental
Department of the University
of Cincinnati.
With the session of 1891-2, the college
inaugurated the
requirement of a three-year course for
graduation, with freshman,
junior and senior classes, which had
been prescribed by the
National Association of Dental
Faculties. In 1895, the college
had outgrown its old quarters on College
Street, and with the
session of 1895-6, it was established in
a new building located at
the corner of Court Street and Central
Avenue--centrally located
and within a short distance of its
former premises.
The announcement of 1896-7 called
attention to a spring
course of clinical instruction
immediately following the winter
session; and a fall clinical course,
beginning in September pre-
ceding the fall opening of the school.
These courses were con-
tinued, according to announcements, as
late as 1923-4.
In 1903, a four-year course of study was
made of the re-
quirements for graduation; but in 1904
the three-year require-
ment was re-established. The school, as
the Dental Department
of the University of Cincinnati,
continued satisfactorily until the
session of 1906-7, when the arrangement
was discontinued.
The session of 1910 inaugurated the
first special course for
women to qualify for positions as dental
nurses and assistants in
362
OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
dental offices. Flora N. Haag, D.D.S.,
class of 1905, was super-
intendent of the course in 1912-3.
The announcement of 1912-3 states the
requirement of a new
college building located at the corner
of Seventh Avenue and
Mound Street. The odium which was
associated with schools not
affiliated with universities, was
becoming more pronounced about
this period, and many such schools were
opprobriously referred to
as "commercial institutions."
In 1916, the Ohio College announced its
affiliation with the
Lebanon University, as its Dental
Department, and that "among
other advantages, students, deficient in
preliminary educational
qualifications may utilize the academic department
of the Uni-
versity for this work." The
affiliation with the Lebanon Univer-
sity discontinued prior to 1923, as in July of
that year, the school
again became affiliated with the
University of Cincinnati as its
Dental Department.
Frequent reference to educational
qualifications of prospective
students was made in the college
announcements. Colleges in
Ohio that had been recognized as
departments of universities had
adopted standards that were rigidly
adhered to. The Dental
Department of the Ohio State and Western
Reserve universities
had adopted such standards regulating
the admission of students;
but in lieu of these standards, other
schools admitted students
who supposedly passed so-called
examinations by a supposed
representative of the State School
Commissioner's office. The
examinations were looked upon with
suspicion by the State Dental
Board, and for many years there was a
wrangle as to what should
constitute acceptable evidence of
satisfactory qualifications of
prospective dental students.
At this time anyone desiring to practice
in Ohio was to
"present evidence satisfactory to
the State Dental Board that he
is a graduate of a reputable Dental
College, as defined by the
Board," and appear before the Board
and pass a satisfactory
examination, consisting of practical
demonstration, and written
or oral tests, or both, on subjects that
were found in the dental
college curriculum.
OHIO MEDICAL HISTORY, 1835-58 363
Notwithstanding persistent opposition, in
April, 1915, the
dental law was amended by Section
1321-1, as follows:
The applicant shall also present with
his application a certificate of
the State Superintendent of public
instruction, that he is possessed of a
general education, equal to that
required for graduation from a first grade
high school in this State. Said
superintendent of public instruction shall
issue a certificate without examining
the applicant, provided said applicant
presents to him one of the following
credentials: A diploma from an
approved college granting the degree of
A.B., B.S., or equivalent degree;
a certificate showing graduation from a
high school of the first grade, or
from a normal or a preparatory school,
legally constituted, after four years
of study; a teacher's permanent or life
high school certificate; a certificate
of admittance by examination to the
freshman class of an approved college,
granting the degree of A.B., B.S., or
equivalent degree. In the absence of
the foregoing credentials, and before
issuing such certificate, the applicant
shall be examined by said superintendent
of public instruction, in such
branches as are required from a first
grade high school, and to pass such
examination shall be sufficient
qualification to entitle such applicant to a
certificate; provided, however, that the
superintendent of public instruction
may designate any county superintendent
of schools to hold such examina-
tions at such times and places as may be
necessary, convenient . . .
This amendment left the colleges free to
accept students,
regardless of preliminary
qualifications, but it was a dictum as to
the credentials required by the State
Dental Board of graduates
expecting to take the examination and
practice in Ohio. As a
result, all colleges in Ohio adopted
this standard, and there was a
radical change later in the 1914 report
of the National Association
of Dental Examiners.
Failures of graduates from the four Ohio dental colleges
ranged from 42.5 per cent. to 2.6 per
cent. These examinations
were taken before eight state boards and
the two colleges that
had the smallest percentage of failures
were institutions which had
previously insisted on the preliminary
requirements called for in
the foregoing amendment.
The Dental Educational Council of
America, organized in
1909, was patterned after the Council on
Medical Education of
the American Medical Association, for
the improvement of the
relations between the Associations of
Examiners and the Faculties
of the Dental Colleges. Since the
permanent organization of the
364
OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND
HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
American Association of Dental Schools
in 1923, this Council
has been composed of six delegates from
this latter organization
and the same number from each--the
National Association of
Dental Examiners and the American Dental
Association. The
function of this Council is the
promotion of higher scholastic
standards and improvement of the
curriculum in dental colleges.
The Council contended with many factions
during the early years
of its existence, but has proved to be
the prime factor in the
unification and standardization of
dental education.
In 1916, all dental schools in the
country had been visited
by representatives of the Council, and
it was found that sonic
lacked efficient management, others were
financially unable to give
satisfactory instruction, and still
others had different handicaps.
This eventually led to the division of
the schools into Classes A, B
and C in 1916.
The requirement for Class A rating
included an academic
requirement and beginning in 1917 the
dental curriculum was ex-
tended through four years of thirty-two
weeks, instead of three
such years, and twenty-one required
subjects were listed; Class
B were those schools which, though
failing to meet the require-
ments of Class A rating, could do so by
making important im-
provements; while Class C schools, to
become acceptable, would
require a complete reorganization. The
Ohio College of Dental
Surgery was rated Class B in 1918.
In 1917, the four-year course was inaugurated,
and in 1924
began to require one year of approved
work in an academic col-
lege for admission. The University of
Cincinnati with which
the Ohio College had become affiliated,
insisted on improvement
in the methods of teaching. The decrease
in students and a cor-
responding lack of funds and resources
of the university to absorb
and develop it in coordination with the
medical school of the
university, indicated its early
discontinuance. The Dental Edu-
cational Council had withheld a
reclassification of the school since
1923, in anticipation of its prospective
regeneration.2
2 Acknowledgment is made to Dr. W. J.
Gies' report for 1926 on "Dental
Education in the United States and
Canada."
OHIO MEDICAL HISTORY, 1835-58 365
Dr. Harry T. Smith, the last dean--who
had been adminis-
trative head of the college for years,
out of sheer love for the
institution--offered to present it
complete, including buildings and
equipment, to the University of
Cincinnati as an outright gift,
provided it would be called "The H.
A. Smith Dental College,
University of Cincinnati" in honor
of his father. Because of lack
of funds to carry on the school, the
university had to refuse this
gift. Consequently the trustees of the
college voted to close the
school. The college was therefore closed
on July 15, 1926.3
During the eighty-one years of its
existence, 2,497 students
received their degrees, and many have
reflected credit on their
alma mater and have been an honor to the
dental profession.
The names of the alumni are to be found
on the first faculties
of practically all colleges west of the
Alleghenies and have occu-
pied responsible positions in organized
dentistry--which bespeaks
the influence this school has had in
dental education and in shaping
the destiny of the profession. The
announcement of the discon-
tinuance of the Ohio College of Dental
Surgery, was received
with regret--not by its alumni alone,
but by its many friends
throughout the profession.
From an incomplete file of Announcements
and Bulletins of
the Ohio College, an attempt has been
made (as in the previous
paper, October-December, 1942) to
arrange in chronological order.
the names of the professors and
demonstrators for the period
covered in this article. Owing to a
diversity of headings for cer-
tain subjects, some of these have been
placed under a general
caption.
Following the death of Dr. Harry A.
Smith in 1913, who
had served as dean since 1878, he was
succeeded by his son, Dr.
H. T. Smith, who continued as dean until
the close of the school
in 1926. Dr. James Taylor, the founder
of the school, who
assumed the chair of Institutes of
Dental Science in 1855, occupied
the same until 1878, at which time the
chair became that of
3 Later, at a meeting of the College of
Dentistry Committee of the Cincinnati
Dental Society, B. F. Kroger made an
offer of a gift of one million dollars for a
dental college at the University of Cincinnati. In
discussing the matter, however,
it was decided that it would be necessary to raise more
funds from other sources,
which did not seem possible, and the matter was
dropped.
366 OHIO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
Principles
and Practice and Dental Hygiene, which he occupied
until
his death in 1881.
Demonstrators of Operative and Mechanical Dentistry:
(Became
designated Clinical Dentistry in 1866):
1855-58 H. R. Smith 1860
Merit Wells4
Professors of Clinical Dentistry:
1863-61
E. Collins 1870-71 William
Taft
1866 C. R. Butler 1873 J. I. Taylor
1866-67 W. T. Arrington 1876-77 H. M. Reid
1878 H. A. Smith
Professors of Operative Dentistry:
1854-78 J. Taft 1909-16 W. H. 0. McGehee
1878-1906 H. A. Smith 1913-14 C. W. Noel
(Emeritus
1912-13) 1915-18 H. C. Holton
1899-1908 T. I. Way 1919 Mark Keller
(Dental
Technics) 1920 B. A. Schnedl
1908 H. T. Smith 1921-25 H. T. Smith
1922-25 George F. Woodbury
Demonstrators of Operative Dentistry:
1864 L. D. Walter 1897 H. T. Smith
(Late
of Rochester, N. Y.) 1899-01 C. A. Porter
A.
M. Moore 1902 A. N. Kearby
1878 C. l. Keely 1903-05 J. N. Myers
1879-82
H. L. Moore 1905-06 Harry Miller
1880-82 J. M. Clyde 1906 Paul Cassidy
1883-85 A. E. McConkey 1913 E. Lloyd Everly
1886 A. T. Olmstead 1914-15 H. C. Holton
1886-88 B. C. Hinckley 1915 Flora N. Haag
1888-92 J. E. Barricklow 1916-25 C. J. Keely
1889-91 A. O. Ross 1918 C. T. Adams
1889 F. L. Cary 1918 R. C. Hoblitzel
1890 L. E. Custer 1918 C. R. McWethy
1890 E. J. Ward 1918 R. W. Sheer
1890
&'93 H. M. Thomson 1921-25 Sardis Krikorian
1891-92 E. A. Mehaffey 1922 E. R. Cumley
1894-98 T. L. Way 1923 Rodney Cornell
1894-96 H. A. Whiteside 1923-25 G. B. Rader
1896-01 C. P. McLaughlin 1925 C. T. Fairo
4
Arrangements were effected by which he was to remain for two years at least.
and
during the vacations, would keep the Infirmary open, in order that there might
be a
permanent business which would result in much good to the class during the
session.
OHIO
MEDICAL HISTORY, 1835-58
367
Professors
of Mechanical (Prosthetic) Dentistry:
1857-58 Joseph Richardson 1880-86 Frank Bell
1863-66 H. R. Smith 1886-07 Grant Molyneaux
1864 J. Cheesbrough 1908 Frank Burger
1864 J. G. Van Marter 1909-11 D. D. Cornell
1867 H. R. Smith 1912 H. V. Methven
1870-71 C. M. Wright 1913 M. L. Baylis
J. A.
Watling 1913-25
J. N. Myers
1873-77 Wm. Van Antwerp 1914 C. Ford Deller
1878-79 J. R. Clayton 1915 R. H. Smith
1917-27, C. H. Stricker
Demonstrators
of Mechanical Dentistry:
1876-77 N. S. Hoff 1902 H. E. Caswell
1879 E. W. Anderson 1903 D. D. Cornell
1879 W. H: Cameron 1903 M. A. Becker
1880 H. E. Highlands 1904 J. P. Becker
1883-85 Grant Molyneaux 1905 Charles A. Allen
1887 James Silcott 1906 Samuel N. Young
1888 C. N. Neidhamer 1907 Frank Burger
1889 G. W. Gandee 1907 V. S. Taylor
1890-91 Max J. Martin 1908-11 M. M. Maupin
1892 G. C. Minturn 1917 Henry S. Davis
1893 D. D. Cornell 1918
&
1894-96 F. A. Lush 1920-21 W. B.
Caldwell
1897-98 L. T. Ivins 1921-22
Roger W. Taylor
1899-01 R. W. Taylor 1922 E. W. Neiderhofer
1900-01 C. F. Cooper 1923 C. E. Marshall
1901 A. N. Bruzelius 1924 William Kleet
1902 J. D. Gordon 1925 E. T. Gibboney
Crown
and Bridge Work:
1896-97 H. A. Whiteside 1916 Alden J. Bush
1898-05 E. A. Mehaffey 1917-20 Robert H. Smith
1906-12 Harry Miller 1921 D. D. Cornell
1912 H. V. Methven 1922 George F. Woodbury
1913-15 R. C. Harkrader 1923-25 H. J. Neidhamer
Demonstrators:
1912 M. M. Maupin 1918-22 W. O. Hulick
1916 C. E. Plum 1922 W. O. Blackburn
1925
S. Krikorian
368 OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
Gold Inlays:
1918-22 F. T.
Craven 1920-22 A. A.
Kumler
Continuous Gum and Porcelain:
1878 Frank
Bell 1905 Harry Miller
1879 C.
W. Wardell 1906 P. H. Williams
1901-03 W. O.
Hulick 1907-12 V. B. Dalton
1904 J.
N. Myers 1923 M. C. Schuman
1924-25 K. H.
Cooke
Demonstrator of Carving Teeth:
1878 S.
Wardell
Oral Surgery:
1876-80 F. H.
Rehwinkel 1915 E. Lloyd Everly
1879 William Taft 1916-18 Hugh MacMillan
1880-82 Wm.
Clendenin, M.D. 1918 R. C. Harkrader
1883 C.
Kerns, M.D. (Cleft
Palate)
1884-1910 William
Knight, M.D. 1919-25 Robert M. Schell
1899-03 H. C.
Matlack 1923-25 C. A. Langdale
1912 Dudley
Palmer, M.D. (Cleft
Palate)
Exodontia:
1900 C.
A. Porter 1916 H. C. Holton
1902-05 Frank
Burger 1921-25 R M.
Schell
1907-12 Paul
Cassidy 1923 B. E. Baldridge
1913-15 V. B.
Dalton 1925 E. T. Gibboney
Anesthetics:
1879 &'86-87 Otto Arnold 1908 L.
S. Colter, M.D.
1890-01 L.
E. Custer 1913-14 V. B. Dalton
1907-12 Paul
Cassidy 1916-17 Hugh MacMillan
1919-25 R. M.
Schell
Orthodontia:
1878-88 George
W. Keely 1906 P. H. Williams
1889-08 Charles
I. Keely 1907-20 Van B. Dalton
1886 C.
H. Martin 1918 C. T. Adams
1896-97 W. S.
Locke 1921-22 B. A. Schnedl
1899-09 H. T.
Smith 1921-24 A. P. Matthews
1900-01 C. P.
Porter 1923-25 Thomas E. Hughes
1902-05 Frank
Burger 1925 K. H. Cooke
OHIO MEDICAL HISTORY, 1835-58 369
Oral Hygiene:
1878-80 James
Taylor 1918-25 S. J. Rauh
1896 J.
Taft 1923 Ann Buntin
Prophylaxis and Periodontia:
1909 Gillette
Hayden 1918-21 R. Siegel
1911-12 Flora
N. Haag 1921 E. H. Eberly
1922 J. B.
Boutet
Dental Jurisprudence:
1909-11 H. A.
Smith 1917 W. P. Rogers
1913-16 Starbuck
Smith 1918-25 A.
H. Morrell
Industrial Dentistry:
1918-22 A. D. Hewetson
Metallurgy:
1860 George
Watt 1909-11 D. D. Cornell
1863 H. A.
Smith 1912 H. V. Methven
1864 H. R.
Smith 1913 J. N. Myers
1871 C. M.
Wright 1914 C. F. Deller
1880-86 Frank
Bell 1916 C. E. Plum
1887-1906 Grant Molyneaux 1917 F.
F. Heyroth
1907-08 Frank
Burger 1918-20 Robt. H. Smith
1924-25 H. O. Wall
Bacteriology, Biology, etc.:
1897-99 0. L. Cameron, M.D. 1908 A.
E. Osmond, M.D.
1907 E. C.
Walden, M.D. 1919 C. J. Weichelman, M.D.
1925 W. B. Wherry, M.D.
Chair of Chemistry and Metallurgy:
1855-60 & 64 George Watt 1873-1920 J.
S. Cassidy
1863 H.
A. Smith 1878 Alex Brown
1866-67 S. P. Cutler 1879 Oscar
Heise
J. G. Willis 1880 Ira Athern
Analytical Chemistry:
1880 W.
L. Dudley 1898-1911
David Stern
1882-84 G. S.
Junkerman 1915 G. T. Fette
1890-97 H.
T. Smith 1915 W. F. Knemoeller
1897 A.
A. Kumler 1917 F. F. Heyroth
1917 D. F. Mayne
370 OHIO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
Materia
Medica:
1912-19 G. T. Fette 1921 E. N. Niederhoefer
1920 L. F. Werner 1924-25 W. F. Vosseler
1925
A. P. Matthews
Anatomy:
1863-64 George Edwin Jones, M.D. 1912-13 Hugh W. MacMillan
1864-71 Charles Kearns, M.D. 1914-15 E. Lloyd Everly
1873-82 William Clendenin, M.D. 1916-17 C. F. McClintic
1883 Charles Kearns, M.D. 1919-23 A. P. Gewert
1884-1911
William Knight, M.D. 1924-25 O. V. Batson
Demonstrators
of Anatomy:
1864-67 William Taft 1882 William A. Bettman
1870-71 A. Schwagmeyer, M. D. 1886 Grant Molyneaux
1873-74 H. L. Lewis 1887-1903 H. C.
Matlack
1876 Wm. Van Antwerp 1905 E. 0. Smith, M.D.
1878 E. G. Betty 1906-10 G. B. Rhodes
1880 Otto Arnold 1911 A. J. Light
1881 William Knight, M.D. 1920-21 B. A. Schnedl
1881 G. S. Junkerman, Asst. 1922 E. R. Cumley
1923-25
H. 0. Wall
Pathology
& Therapeutics:
1853-60 J. B. Smith, M.D. 1884-08 H. A. Smith
1866-67 George Watt 1909-24 H. T. Smith
1870-71 Edward Rives 1912-21 A. E. Osmond
1873-77 F. Brunning 1915-16 C. H. Stricker
1878-81 A. 0. Rawls 1917 D. F. Mayne
1882-11 C. M. Wright 1918 A. E. Lindsey
1924 J. R. Schumaker
Electro-Therapeutics:
1918 William M. Doughty, M. D.
Clinical
Pathology:
1923-24 S. Rabkin (At Jewish Hospital)
Histology
& Physiology:
1858 C. B. Chapman 1881-82 J. R. Clayton
1864 Charles Kearns, M.D. 1897 C. M. Wright
1866-67 C. W. Spaulding 1899-00 G. T. Fette
1870-73 Edward Rives, M.D. 1910-11 A. E. Osmond
1873-76 J. L. Cilley, M.D. 1915 W. J. Graf, M.D.
1879 A. G. Rose 1924 Martin H. Fischer, M.D.
1924-25 J. R. Schumaker
OHIO
MEDICAL HISTORY, 1835-58
371
MISCELLANEOUS:
Dental
Ionization:
1924-25
D. F. Mayne
Dermatology
and Syphiology:
1906-08 A. J. Markley, M.D. 1918 M. C. Heidingsfeld, M.D.
1921-25
C. J. Broeman, M.D.
Pediatrics
in Relation to Dentistry:
1918-25
Albert J. Bell, M.D.
Relation
of Eye and Ear to the Teeth:
1896-97 R. C. Heflebower, M.D. 1918
Charles C. Jones, M.D.
1920-25
W. McAyres, M.D.
Rhynology:
1923 D. J. Leslie, M.D.
X-Ray
and Radiology:
1910 H. T. Smith 1919 Charles
Goosman, M.D.
1916-18Sidney
Lange 1920-25 E. R. Bader
1922 L.
E. Custer
Diseases
of Women and Children in Relation to Dentistry:
1876-77
George Watt
Dental
Electricity:
1900-08
L. E. Custer
The
Announcement of 1895-96 contains the last published list
of
stockholders, which gives the following names that do not ap-
pear in
volume LI, page 312 of the Quarterly:
Albaugh,
WVm., Chicago, Ill. Chase,
H. S., St. Louis, Mo.
Barron,
Henry, St. Louis, Mo. Clancey,
D. W., Cincinnati, Ohio
Bell,
Frank, Cincinnati, Ohio Clayton,
J. R., Shelbyville, Ind.
Berry,
A., Cincinnati, Ohio Cobb,
S. J., Nashville, Tenn.
Betty,
E. G., Cincinnati, Ohio Corson,
R., Middletown, Ohio
Blake,
Aaron, St. Louis, Mo. Cummins,
S. M., Elkhart, Ind.
Cameron,
J. G., Cincinnati, Ohio Cushing,
G. H., Chicago, Ill.
Canine,
J. F., Louisville, Ky. Dean,
James C., Chicago, Ill.
Cassidy,
J. S., Covington, Ky. Doyle,
B. O., Louisville, Ky.
372 OHIO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
Emminger, A. F.,
Columbus, Ohio Redman, W. G.,
Louisville, Ky.
Evans, R. L., Toledo,
Ohio Reid, H. M.,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Forbes, Isaiah, St.
Louis, Mo. Rhoads, S.
M., Wooster, Ohio
Fuller, John C.,
Chicago, Ill. Rice,
J. S., Shelbyville, Ind.
Hayes, Geo. F.,
Buffalo, N. Y. Robbins,
A. B., Meadville, Pa.
Hoff, N. S.,
Cincinnati, Ohio Rosenthal,
C. N., Cincinnati, Ohio
How, W. S.,
Cincinnati, Ohio Sedgwick,
W. H., Granville, Ohio
Honsinger, Emanuel,
Chicago, Ill. Sheffield, W.
W., New London, Conn.
Horton, W. P.,
Cleveland, Ohio Slayton,
N. B., Florence, Italy
Hunter, F. A.,
Cincinnati, Ohio Sloan,
A., St. Louis, Mo.
Jamison, F. K.,
Connersville, Ind. Sloan, E.
C., Ironton, Ohio
Leslie, A. M., St.
Louis, Mo. Taft, C.
R., Cincinnati, Ohio
Leslie, James,
Cincinnati, Ohio Taft,
William, Cincinnati, Ohio
McClelland, J. A.,
Louisville, Ky. Taylor, J.
I., Cincinnati, Ohio
McMillen, J. T.,
Paris, Ky. Terry,
C. E., Zurich, Switzerland
Morgan, W. H.,
Nashville, Tenn. Walker,
L. D., Rochester, N. Y.
Morrill, W. F., New
Albany, Ind. Welch,
Charles, Wilmington, Ohio
Morrison, W. N., St.
Louis, Mo. Welch,
L. B., Wilmington, Ohio
Phillipa, D.,
Springfield, Ohio Whaley,
D. C., Pomeroy, Ohio
Quinlan, J. D.,
Chicago, Ill. Whitney,
B. T., Buffalo, N. Y.
Rawls, A. O.,
Lexington, Ky. Williams,
I., New Philadelphia, Ohio