132 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
Mrs. Bishop sang again. Her glorious
voice was heard first
in Handel's "I Know That My
Redeemer Liveth" and then in
"Comin' Thro' the Rye."
"THESE ARE MY JEWELS."
Hon. Emmett Thompkins, Congressman-elect
from the 12th
Ohio District (Columbus) delivered an
address replete with most
interesting historical and statistical
information:
"Out of the days devoted to the
exposition of the arts and the
products of the two Americas, this one
is dedicated to Ohio, in order
that we, her citizens, should have
special opportunity to make man-
ifest her worth to others and among
ourselves to rejoice over her achieve-
ments and her status, and to hopefully
contemplate, and find inspiration
for, the future. Ohio is a great State.
One of the greatest of all the
States. That may sound like vanity and
boastfulness. It is not. I have
heard many who never lived there, but
who knew what they were talking
about, say the same thing. If such
others so speak, why should it be
vanity or boastfulness for me to speak
as they do? There are many
reasons for this conceded greatness, and
reasons readily found and easily
understood.
"Location has had much to do in
bringing about her present condi-
tion. It secured for her that sturdy and
healthy pioneer population which
was richly capable of laying the civic
and industrial foundations of the
commonwealth and the later population,
descendant from these pioneers
or admitted from other places, which has
builded wisely and well the
superstructure now resting so firmly and
gracefully upon these foun-
dations.
"Many of the New Englanders at the
close of the Revolution and
the establishment of the Union were
content to stop where they were
and seek no further. The trials of the
long struggle for independ-
ence had wearried them, and the
magnitude of their achievements filled
their cups, so that they neither sought
nor desired acquisition of ter-
ritory or change in conditions. Indeed,
many of them believed and
urged that when the thirteen Colonies
passed into the Union under the
Constitution the ultimate had been
attained; that expansion of terri-
tory or migration of the inhabitants to
outside fields were neither toler-
ated nor contemplated by the instrument
and the spirit of the federation;
that the Appalachian range was the
western boundary for all time,
and that whatever lay beyond should be
the uninvaded home of the
Indian and the undisturbed lair of the
wild beast. In short, they denied
the right and propriety of growth or
change. Even to this day there
Ohio Day at Pan-American Exposition. 133
are a few choice spirits who appear to
think the same way, but hap-
pily for the country, they are growing
fewer.
"To the contrary, there were many
New Englanders of other
moods, notions and spirit. They looked
across the lines marking the
narrow geographical area of the original
Union. They were active,
progressive, expansive. They had climbed
to the top of the Alleghe-
nies and from this lofty crest beheld
the mighty West. They saw the
vast and unexplored forests, the
undulating plains, the sweeping rivers,
the plunging waterfalls and curling
brooks, the fertile valleys and ore-
filled hills, the changing skies and
moving seasons lying between them
and the western line of the continent,
and their souls were filled with
ambition and thrilled with hope. These
people organized different land
companies, one distinctly known as the
Ohio Company, and receiving
large grants at low prices and much
encouragement from the general
government, they moved away from
Massachusetts, Rhode Island and
Connecticut, sturdy men and women they
were, and crossed the moun-
tains, threaded their way through
unmarked forests and floated upon
the bosom of great rivers and their
tributaries to stop at last within the
territory of what is now the State of
Ohio. They stopped because they
had found that which they sought. These
New Englanders settled prin-
cipally in the northeastern part and
obtained lands which are still called
the "Western Reserve," and
others in the southeastern part upon the
shares allotted by the Ohio Company
obtained by it from the United
States. About the time of this invasion
by the New Englanders,
another movement looking to the
formation of Ohio had taken place.
That vast area stretching from Kentucky
to the British Possessions had
been ceded by the State of Virginia and
constituted what is known as
the "Territory Northwest of the
Ohio River." This passed under civil
control in 1788, when Arthur St. Clair
was inaugurated governor thereover
and upon this event great interest was
aroused and Virginians, who were
always expansionists, left their native
heaths and moving to the North-
west peopled the Symmes Purchase and the
Virginia Military Survey,
where Chillicothe, our first State
capital, is located.
"By these we see that the pioneers
of Ohio, the first settlers,
they who laid the sills, who gave form
and quality to our common-
wealth, were the sons and daughters of
sturdy, conservative and wise
New England, and the sons and daughters
of the brave, powerful and
dashing Virginia. Could origin have come
from richer or more fruitful
source? Could any territory have been
opened and settled by better
stock? Ohio was the chosen ground of
these adventurous and progress-
ive pioneers because she lay in their
path. The early descendants of
these New Englanders and Virginians,
leaving the ancestral cabins and
seeking other fields, in time covered
the whole territory, and thus
meeting and mingling they combined the
best qualities of the different
134 Ohio Arch. and His. Society
Publications,
sections. Marriages between them were
common, and as a result there
is not a day in the year nor a place in
Ohio when and where you can
not find some person whose ancestors
upon one side were from New
England and upon the other from
Virginia.
"New England and Virginia! The
leaders in the American Revo-
lution, the authors of the Declaration
of Independence, the vigorous
advocates of the constitutional
prohibition of slavery and the establish-
ment of the equality of all men before
the law; ambitious, alert, pro-
gressive, wise and patriotic they
mingled their blood, brawn and brains
upon the waiting and fecund soil of
Ohio.
"The example set by these pioneers
became effective and many
others left the East and Southeast to
make their homes in the new and
wondrous land. Some, no doubt, had fixed
their destination farther,
others no farther, but be that as it
might have been, when the immigrant
reached Ohio he was attracted by her
inducements, and there he stopped
and pitched his tent. Ohio is and always
has been the gateway between
the East and the farther West. All
immigrants and travelers passing
from one region to the other cross or
touch her borders. The early
emigrant with his yoke of oxen, the
later with his horses and "Quaker"
wagon, and the still later riding in the
swiftly moving steam-drawn car,
seeking the "land of the setting
sun," had to see Ohio, and seeing her
was caught by her charms and lingered
with her.
"By reason of our location, so it
appears, we have had opportunity
to arrest and hold the immigrant,
domestic and foreign, and as a result
our population is composed of the best
order of Americans and the best
classes of foreigners and their
descendants, and all combine to give us
a citizenship unsurpassed in quality and
in character.
"While location has had much to do
in bringing about the present
condition of Ohio, there are other
reasons to be considered, as supple-
mentary to and co-operative with
location, and without which location
would have availed but little, and one
is the material richness of the
State. No other like amount of surface
in the whole Union contains
such variety of soil, forest and fruit
trees, crops and stock, and equal
opportunity for profitable industrial
enterprises.
"Old as she is, compared with other
States, Ohio still has nearly
3,000,000 acres of timber-land, and
among the trees growing thereon
can be found the oak, hickory, beech,
poplar, sycamore, ash, chestnut,
cedar, elm and walnut, all sound and
useful, and besides, not to more
than mention them, the dogwood, whose
blossoms warn the farmer that
corn planting time has come, and the
buckeye whose trunk made good
sugar-water troughs and a cradle for the
baby in the early days, and
whose nuts furnished the nickname for
our State.
"Of fruits there are raised all
kinds, except such as grow only
in tropical climates, and if we have
many summers like the present I
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 135
would not be surprised to see
plantations of bananas, oranges and cocoa-
nuts growing there. In the year 1899,
there were 315,486 acres of apple
trees yielding 11,077,213 bushels;
30,309 acres of peach trees yielding
146,636 bushels, and 3,178 acres of pear
trees yielding 73,236 bushels.
In all, 348,973 acres of apple, peach
and pear orchards yielding in the
aggregate 11,297,083 bushels of fruit, and
1899 was a bad year, too.
There are not included in the official
record the number of acres or the
yield of plums, apricots, cherries and
quinces. By the way, and I came
near overlooking them, there are grapes
growing in Ohio-all kinds.
In 1899 there were 13,629 acres of
vineyards, which produced 31,127,743
pounds of this luscious fruit, out of
which 489,060 gallons of wine were
pressed and the balance were consumed by
us, the small boy, the birds
and bees and yellow jackets.
"Compared to the sweeping and
far-reaching prairies and plains
of the distant West, Ohio can not be
called a distinctly farming district,
yet in 1899 out of her 19,471,926 acres
owned and taxed, 10,239,866
acres were under cultivation, and
5,849,010 acres in pasture, and the
balance was forest and other land. Upon
that acreage which was devoted
to farming and pasture, there were owned
in stock and produced in
crops in that year 551,923 horses;
1,253,945 head of cattle and milk
cows; 1,339,113 hogs, and 2,176,716 head
of sheep, from which were
clipped 13,017,052 pounds of good wool.
"There were harvested 41,469,703
bushels of wheat; 185,710 bush-
els of rye; 173,206 bushels of
buckwheat; 33,296,912 bushels of oats;
751,633 bushels of barley; 1,972,059
tons of hay and 749,225 tons of
clover; and there were dug 9,203,633
bushels of Irish potatoes, and
husked 111,159,200 bushels of corn.
There were gathered 94,013 bushels
of sweet potatoes; 669,475 pounds of
broom corn (we sweep a good deal),
and 861,809 bushels of odoriferous
onions. Of sweets there were not
a few, for there were yielded 250,245
gallons of sorghum molasses:
983,667 gallons of maple syrup, and the
busy bees gave us 1,052,616
pounds of honey.
"But these are not all that came
from our farms that year, and it
was not a highly productive year,
either. The dairies gave us for the
market 40,590,560 gallons of milk;
5,861,896 pounds of butter and
15,293,536 pounds of cheese. How many
pounds of butter and cheese
and how many gallons of milk were
consumed at home, there is no
method of ascertaining.
"The poultry yards that year
presented and had officially recorded
60,376,116 dozen of eggs, and, no doubt,
as many dozen escaped the
eye of the statistician. These
statements when assembled challenge for a
moment our credulity and stagger the
comprehension, but they are true;
and all is not told, because, no doubt,
many of the products of the
farm have never been reported.
136 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
"Great as are the agricultural and
farming interests in Ohio, when
the soil so used is appraised for
taxation at $599,678,045, there should
be added for our consideration before we
can have an accurate notion of
what the worth of her ground is, the
valuation of lots and lands lying
within towns and cities. Such lots and
lands are appraised for taxation
at $674,526,676. And do not forget that
real estate, as a rule, is
appraised for taxation at but 60 per
cent. of its true value. Therefore,
it is fair to assume that the total
value of real estate in Ohio in 1900 was
$2,125,672,860. Thus it is seen that
mother earth, from whose bosom
we came and to whose eternal embrace we
must return, has been won-
drously generous to us and to our
neighbors. She is man's best and
most steadfast friend. Let us not abuse
or neglect her. Let us cherish
and nourish her virtues, so that
everywhere within our borders she shall
wear a golden crown and be clothed in
the richest and fruitfullest raiment.
"I trust that figures have not
become tiresome. Before we can
comprehend the material wealth of our
State it is necessary to consider
them; and to them already given must be
annexed a few more, and I
crave your indulgence.
"One of the most important factors
in the wealth of a nation or of
a state is the employment of labor. The
larger portion of the male popu-
lation of a district is devoted to
manual toil. The 'hewers of wood and
carriers of water' constitute, probably,
four-fifths of that population,
counting all departments; and it is
absolutely essential to the welfare of
the state that these men be engaged in
fairly and justly remunerative
work, because when labor is prosperous
and contented then, and only
then, all is well. It is to be regretted
thatwe have no law compelling
manufacturers to report to the several
executive departments of the
government the number of persons
employed, their wages, and the
amount of capital invested in their
enterprises, together with the pro-
ducts thereof. The statistics at hand
for 1900 are such as have been
derived from voluntary reports and by
such inspection as our officials
had the time to make. In the year 1899
there were inspected 3,782 shops
and factories, and the factories and
shops reporting to the Commissioner
of Labor Statistics were 2,362,
employing 149,388 persons, to whom
were paid $67,555,815.29 in wages. The
amount invested in these estab-
lishments was $256,453,091, and the
value of the goods manufactured
$305,061,085. The steel industries
reporting to the same department
were 71, with a capitalization of
$17,895,472, employing 21,314 hands,
paying them $12,673,188 in wages and
producing $72,708,924 in goods.
This report seems meagre, indeed, when
we realize that the chattel
wealth of the State exceeds one billion
of dollars, and that in iron alone
there were blasted and sold on the
market in one year 13,620,700 tons
of pig iron.
"The coal business cuts an
important figure. Of the 88 counties
in the State, 30 are coal producing. In
1899 there were 1,113 mines
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 137
operated; 28,028 persons employed, price
of mining 66 cents per ton,
and 15,908,934 tons of coal were dug
from the mines and sold on the
market. There is but one other State in
the Union that can equal this
showing.
"Railroading demands notice.
Railroads are the great developers
and civilizers. They open the country
and carry prosperity and educa-
tion along with passengers and freight.
Show me a State with but few
railroads and I will show you one where
the people are ignorant and
lazy, and where the thistle and the
briar reign undisturbed. But show
me a State with many such roads and I
will show you one where the
people are intelligent and thrifty and
where the land yields its utmost.
"In the year 1900 there were 87
companies operating steam rail-
roads in the State of Ohio, with 13,254
miles of track therein; with
$306,904,600 of capital stock, paying
for that year $6,367,746.04 in
dividends, using equipment costing
$573,674,616.86, earning for their
shareholders $86,049,117.88, employing
67,834 persons, distributing in
salaries and wages $37,190,857, and
carrying 27,364,106 passengers and
123,639,177 tons of freight, and turned
into the public treasury $2,187,232
by way of taxes on property, and
$383,218 more by way of exactions for
the mere privilege of doing business
therein. All in the State of Ohio
and all in one year.
"Within the last few years a 'new
Richmond' has entered the field.
It is the interurban railroad, operated
by electricity. In every direction
these lines are reaching out and binding
the country with the town, and
town with town, in quick communication.
How many miles there are
already constructed I can not tell, because
such companies are not yet
under the supervision of the
Commissioner of Railroads, but the record
shows that 33 new companies were
organized last year with capital aggre-
gating $10,352,000, and more are to
follow.
"Banking has an important place. In
the year just named we had
259 National banks, with total assets of
$62,128,039, and State banks
and Savings societies, with valuation
for taxation amounting to
$18,558,494. And it is fair to assume,
although there is no way of
finding out exactly, that the deposits
in these various banks and private
banks not reported, amounted to a
billion dollars.
"So much for the material wealth of
Ohio. That wealth which has
form, substance, weight and lasting
qualities, but with all these she
would be 'poor as winter' if there was
not something besides. That some-
thing can be supplied from social, moral
and mental conditions. It
requires the educated mind, good morals
and pure social qualities to
get the best out of material things.
Have the people of Ohio such minds,
morals and social qualities? 'By their
fruits ye shall judge them" "In
the year 1900 there were organized 317
benevolent and other social cor-
porations, and 98 churches, and 22
colleges and libraries. It can not be
138 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
ascertained with exactness how many
churches, schools and libraries
there are in Ohio, but they are on every
hand. We have four universi-
ties sustained by the public funds, and
there must be more than 20 pri-
vate colleges. The school-houses are
always in sight, and the State
appropriated $1,764,939 last year for
their support, and there is not a
boy or a girl in all Ohio under 16 years
of age who is not compelled by
law to go to school, and none so poor
that he or she can not have books
and other necessaries, because the State
will furnish them when there is
any need.
' 'Thereby abideth faith, hope and
charity, but the greatest of
these is charity.' No State is kinder to
or more thoughtful of her unfor-
tunates and afflicted than Ohio is. She
has seven hospitals where the
sick in mind find care and comfort, and
last year she gave $1,504,000
for their support. The deaf mutes, who
can not voice their gratitude
nor hear the laughter of their
playmates, are not left in ignorance; nor
are the blind from whose minds the
glorious shapes and colorings of
the earth are shut out, suffered to
remain in total darkness, for Ohio has
erected a noble institution of learning
for each of them and appropriated
last year for the support of the former
$145,000 and to the latter $85,000,
"To him who bore the heat of battle
in his country's cause and is
now old and infirm, his State extends a
generous hand and leads him
to a beautiful Soldiers' Home at
Sandusky, where with his old com-
rades in arms he can pass his closing
days in comfort and in honor.
"Nor are the orphans of such men
forgotten, because at Xenia
there has been established a large,
comfortable and even magnificent
home for the orphans of soldiers and
sailors. Besides these, there are
57 children's homes supported by
taxation, and in every county and in
every city there may be found hospitals,
nurseries, homes and retreats
for the infirm and the tender. Glorious
State, none is more charitable
to and thoughtful of her unhappy ones.
"But these mentioned are not all.
There are other sources from
which she draws her greatness. Ohio was
organized as a State on the
29th day of November, 1802. She then had
a population of 45,365, as
determined by the census of 1800. By the
last census this population
had grown to 4,157,545, which is a
million more than inhabited all the
colonies when they struck for freedom.
This population, mighty as it
is, is tranquil, peaceful, and
law-abiding. This condition rests upon the
deep, underlying and all-pervading
spirit of patriotism. The love of
country- divine--eternal - which
engenders respect for and obedi-
ence to law and public order. It glowed
in the embers upon the first
settler's hearth; it was heard in the
ring of the ax as the pioneer sunk
it deep in the trunk of the shuddering
oak; in the song he sang as he
thrust the plowshare into the teeming
earth; in the stories he told when
night shut down, and with his children
they sat in the cabin and read
Ohio Day at Pan-American Exposition. 139
each other's faces by the light of the
flickering knot; and from him,
fastening itself with unyielding hold
upon each generation, through all
the intervening years with their
vicissitudes, trials and tests, untarnished
and undiminished and only stronger,
purer and sweeter, this spirit of
patriotism has come to us and is with us
this day.
"Ohio has sent her sons to every
battlefield where the liberty of
men or the relief of the oppressed was
at issue. In the great Civil War
where liberty and the Union were at
stake, she sent 310,654 volunteers
to the front. These brave sons were at
Gettysburg, Vicksburg, the
March to the Sea, at Nashville, at Chattanooga
and at every spot where
the stars and stripes fluttered and the
cannon thundered. And under
countless heaps of earth, all over the
land of the South, by the side of
the weaving pine, beneath the mountain's
frowning top, at the riffled
brook, by the lily-covered pond, they
are sleeping on and on, waiting for
the final trump which shall marshal them
for the Grand Review before
the Throne on High.
"What State in that mighty struggle
equalled her in the commanders
furnished? Grant, Sherman, Sheridan,
McPherson and the McCooks!
Where can their peers be found? The very
sounding of their names
starts the war spirit and urges us to
victorious combat. Their fame will
live as long as men inhabit the earth,
and their praises will be spoken
wherever tongues articulate.
"In the late War with Spain, where
the relief of the oppressed was
all we sought, Ohio paid her full share.
Ten regiments marched forth
from the farm, the shop, the store and
the office. Some were at Porto
Rico, some at Santiago, and the others
chafing under the restraints of
the camp were all anxious to fire a
shot. The first fully equipped and
ready for battle volunteer regiment in
the United States to reach the
camp of mobilization was the First Ohio
Volunteer Infantry, which
pitched its tents at Chickamauga.
"Not in war alone has Ohio acquired
fame and honor. Her sons
have left their deep impress in all the
higher walks; in oratory, states-
manship, finance, at the bar, in the
pulpit, and in art and letters. Who
could surpass the versatile Corwin, the
scholarly and magnetic Garfield,
the rugged and convincing Wade, the
edifying and classical Cox, when
listening thousands, rapt and eager,
broke into echoing applause?
Whence came wiser statesman than
Harrison, Hayes, Stanton and
Brough; greater financiers than Chase,
Sherman, and the Rockefellers;
greater lawyers than Peter Hitchcock,
the elder Ewing, Rufus P. Ran-
ney, Matthews, Swayne and Waite, and
greater preachers than Ames
and Simpson? In the presidential chair
Ohio has placed the two Harri-
sons, Grant, Hayes, Garfield and
McKinley; in the cabinet, Meigs,
McLean, Corwin, Stanberry, Ewing, Taft,
Dennison, Stanton, Chase,
Sherman, Foster, Day, Hay, Delano and
Cox; on the Supreme bench of
140 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
the United States, Chief Justices Chase
and Waite, and Associate Jus-
tices Swayne and Matthews -
distinguished all. To art she gave Powers
and his chisel, and to letters, Howell
and Reid.
"To-day her sons are dwelling in
every clime and every State and
territory in the Nation, sent thither to
expend the strength and utilize
the genius drawn from their native soil,
and they are doing it. Go
where you may-no matter how remote the
spot-there you will find
the Ohio man and find him counting for
something. In the Senate of the
United States and in the House of
Representatives her sons are found
speaking for other and younger States;
in State offices throughout the
West, North and Southwest, Ohio "boys"
are filling places of the highest
responsibility, doing honor to
themselves and to their native State.
Way over in the Philippines, in our new
possessions, with thousands of
leagues on sea and land between him and
his home, Ohio's noble son
was, on the 125th anniversary of the
Declaratoin of American Independ-
ence, inaugurated as first civil
governor of the Archipelago. There in
the Orient, among the oppressed and the
ignorant, amid the gloom of
four hundred years of unrelenting
tyranny, the torch of enlightenment,
civilization and liberty was raised by
the strong, kind and just hand of
William H. Taft, to go down in darkness
no more forever.
"To the highest legislative body in
the Union now, as in the past,
we make contribution to the ablest, most
prominent and most effective
of its membership, from both the leading
parties. And with all these,
ample in his strength, whose every
artery is filled with romping blood
and every fibre thrilling with vitality;
in the noonday of his accom-
plished manhood, trained and well
poised, Ohio has given to our coun-
try and to the world, one of the three
greatest of all presidents, that
profound statesman, superb soldier and
gentle Christian, William
McKinley.
"I have stated some but not all the
reasons for Ohio's greatness.
It may be proper to add that her
financial integrity has never been ques-
tioned from the days of
"wildcat" banking to the gold standard, and her
credit is so good that she can borrow
all the money needed at 3 per cent.
Her total State debt is but $450,000,
bearing that rate of interest. More
than half of this will be paid next
year, and the balance one year later.
So that by this day in 1903 Ohio will
not owe one cent. It is fair to
mention another thing. Critics and
reviewers say that all Ohio men are
politicians, and say, besides, that
politicians are dishonest. They may
be half right. We may be all
politicians, but the truth is that while
our State officials receive smaller
salaries than are paid in States not
so large or so rich, but one breath of
scandal or formal charge of crime
against State officials has ever stained
her record in all her life. They
are, have been, and will be honest.
"And now the tale is told, and
poorly told. More and better things
could be said and better said. The field
is a fruitful one and large.
Ohio Day at Pan-American
Exposition. 141
More than a century of civilization and
nearly a hundred years of state-
hood make a long stretch of time and
offer unaccounted opportunities
for growth and development, and these
have not been neglected. 'Tis
a mighty transition from the cabin of
the pioneer to the mansion of
the day; and this evolution hath been
wrought slowly, steadily, and
securely. The mind leaps the intervening
years since the smoke of the
lonely fire curled through the gloomy
forest and pauses to contemplate the
wondrous work of time and its
generations of men. We proudly pon-
der over what has been accomplished and
from the noble fabrics now
erected catch hope and inspiration. Let
us go on waxing stronger, richer,
and better; and here and now dedicate
our lives and aspirations to the
purpose of filling the years to come
with achievements still greater than
those which glorify the present."
SENATOR MARCUS A. HANNA.
Senator Marcus A. Hanna was the last
speaker and he re-
ceived an ovation. The plaudits that
greeted him surpassed the
welcome accorded any other figure of the
day. The genial and
good-natured Senator was in "fine
feather" and entered most
heartily into the spirit of the
occasion. His beaming features ex-
panded in a merry smile as he waited for
an opportunity to be
heard. He spoke "off-hand" in
his characteristic terse and force-
ful manner.
"I presume I would please this
audience," said Senator Hanna,
"after Mr. Tompkins's lengthy and
able speech, by simply adding bully
for Ohio and let it go at that.
(Laughter.) I want to say a word about
this exposition and its practical
results, however, even at the expense of
your patience. On behalf of all Ohio, I want
to thank the President of
the Pan-American Exposition Company, the
Mayor of Buffalo, the citi-
zens who conceived the idea, and the
Board of Directors who carried
it out, for making the exposition a
success. I was here at the ceremo-
nies on Dedication Day. When I returned
to Cleveland, it having been
advertised that I was here, I was asked
what I thought of the exposi-
tion. Well, I had been here only one
day-only one day, remember-
and I replied that you had a very nice
Midway. (Laughter and cheers.)
"My text to-day is 'The Commercial
Relations of the American
Continent,' and we must not lose sight
of the important, in contempla-
tion of the purely pleasureable. We must
not lose sight of the business
side of the exposition, while 'flying
the goose.' Coming at a time when
the commercial interests of the American
people are becoming awakened
to the needs of the hour, coming at a
time when the United States has
first taken its place in the front rank
of commercial supremacy, the Pan-