Ohio History Journal

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OHIO

Archaeological and Historical

PUBLICATIONS.

HISTORY OF THE EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION IN

OHIO FROM 1803 TO 1850.

EDWARD A. MILLER

INTRODUCTION.

Ohio's educational history has been an especially interest-

ing one. Many causes have combined to make it so. It was

the first state admitted from the Northwest Territory, and as

such carried on the earliest experiments with the great state-wide

grant of school lands that has characterized our policy since that

time in the admission of new states to the Union. It was set-

tled with unexampled rapidity, changing from a wilderness

frontier to a great and prosperous commonwealth in a single

generation. The settlement was a singularly heterogeneous one,

coming from the east, the middle states and the south, with a

considerable influx directly from Europe. These early settle-

ments were being established, too, while those democratic and

individualistic tendencies that marked the first decades of the

nineteenth century were in progress. During these years the

district school idea was at its height in Massachusetts and the

East, the private academy was displacing the town grammar

school, and state control of public education was at low ebb.

These causes, with others more local in nature, were instru-

mental in shaping the educational activities of the state in the

first fifty years of its history, and have left their imprint on all

the later development.

It is my purpose to give a careful study and interpretation

of the educational legislation of the state from territorial days

down to 1850. In this legislation one finds the truest expression

of the constructive educational thought and activity of the period.

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2 Ohio Arch

2 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

In such a study there must be included not merely the laws

that bear on the development of a state system of public educa-

tion, but the much larger number that are concerned with private

educational ventures of various kinds. To these must be added

those laws that bear on higher and professional education, all

that touch upon supplementary agencies of any kind, and also

any provisions made for the indigent, defective and delinquent

classes.

A study of this kind is needed as a background before any

adequate state or national history of education is possible. Such

a study also gives the general student of history a view of one

of the most important phases in the social development of a state,

and a closer acquaintance with the growth of some of the most

important institutions that society has discovered to aid it in its

progress.

I have attempted in the following pages to present the ma-

terial in such a way that it will be of service to the general

student, and also, in the appendices to furnish a guide for any

one desiring further information from the source material on

any particular phase of the state's educational activities.

The plan of arrangement is as follows: A discussion and

interpretation of the laws passed from 1803 to 1850; Appendix

A: A classified list of the titles of the more important acts;

Appendix B: A complete index, page and volume, to all the

legislation that in any way touches upon education, in the ses-

sion laws of Ohio from 1803 to 1850, including both the general

and the local laws.

In many cases I have not given the exact titles in the ap-

pendices, for the sake of both brevity and clearness; enough of

titles and content to indicate the general meaning of the act is

given. In Appendix A, a brief abstract of the laws is also in-

cluded where it seemed necessary to give more information than

the title itself conveys.

This is especially the case in the acts of incorporation of

that large number of secondary and higher institutions that were

so abundant in the first fifty years of Ohio's history. A com-

plete tabulation of these acts is here given and as it is the only

complete list of these institutions that has been made it seemed

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 3

best to preserve in a few words the chief points of historical

interest that appear in the laws.

I felt this to be particularly the case with the secondary

schools. These have nearly all passed out of existence, and as

they mark one of the most important stages in the development

of our secondary education, a somewhat more complete abstract

is given than that dealing with most of the other subjects.

The public school laws are more easily accessible and they

are usually indicated by title only. There was an exceptionally

large amount of legislation, especially of a local and special

character, dealing with the School Lands. The more important

of these acts are included by title in the first appendix with a

mere tabulation of those that had only local significance.

The laws in Appendix A, are grouped under the following

headings:

1. The Public School System.

1. General Legislation.

2. City and Town school charters.

II. Legislation concerning the School Lands.

III. Secondary and Higher Education.

1. Academies, seminaries, institutes and high schools.

2. Universities, colleges and theological seminaries.

3. Medical and legal education.

IV. The Education of Defectives, Dependents and Delin-

quents.

V. The Training of Teachers.

VI. Supplementary Educational Agencies.

Appendix B furnishes a page and volume index to all laws,

resolutions and memorials that have any educational significance

in either the general or local laws, from 1803 to 1850. The in-

dices in the volumes of the session laws themselves are some-

times defective, and they are, too, an unreliable guide, as many

important items are found in laws the titles to which give no

hint that they contain material that relates in any way to educa-

tion.

The primary source material has been the session laws of

4 Ohio Arch

4 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

the state of Ohio. The revised Statutes for this period have

also been consulted.

It was found necessary to examine all the laws of the period,

special and general, as the titles and indices were not dependable.

A considerable amount of material was also found in the resolu-

tions and memorials.

The United States Statutes at Large were used to secure

federal legislation concerning school lands in Ohio. Nashee's

Compilation of Laws, Treaties and Ordinances which relate to

Lands in the State of Ohio, was relied upon especially for acts

passed during the territorial period.

The earliest Congressional legislation was secured from the

Journals of the American Congress, reprinted by Way and

Gideon, in 1823, under the title as given.

The chief secondary sources consulted are indicated in the

Bibliography.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER 1. PAGES

THE SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM ............... 1-23

Introductory. Ohio's admission to the Union. Consti-

tutional provisions for education. Traditions of decentral-

ization. Early settlements and centers of influence. Growth

in population. Conflicting educational ideals. Dominant

educational influences at the time of settlement. New Eng-

land influences. School Lands. Early practice in N. E. Its

extension in Ohio. The Ordinance of 1785. The Ohio Com-

pany and Symmes Purchases. The state wide grant. New

England men and school legislation. Ephraim Cutler and

the law of 1821. Caleb Atwater and his report. Nathan

Guilford and the law of 1825. The work of Samuel Lewis

and the law of 1838. The schools that preceded the school

laws.

CHAPTER II.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM .............. 24-68

Organization. Summary. School support. Rates.

Revenue from School Lands. Permanent funds. State

school fund. Surplus Revenue. Taxation. Fines and pen-

alties. Control and Supervision. Certification of Teachers.

Curricula. Length of school year. School officers. Schools

for colored children. City and village schools. Cincinnati.

Cleveland. Portsmouth. Zanesville. General laws for cities

and towns, before the Akron act. Dayton. Columbus. Mt.

Vernon. Akron. Akron act made general in application.

CHAPTER III.

THE PUBLIC SCHOOL LANDS ..................................... 69-92

Various tracts and grants. Methods of Survey. School

grants for the different tracts. Reasons for lack of uni-

formity in the method of granting the lands. Location of

the tracts receiving grants other than Section 16. Legisla-

tive responsibility for the school lands. Formal legal guard-

ing of school rights. Methods of making the grant pro-

ductive. Temporary leasing. Results. Permanent leasing.

Results. Atwater's report. Cessation of leasing. Memorial

to Congress for authorization to sell the school lands. The

sale of the lands. State losses in selling the leased land.

Summary.

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6 Contents

6 Contents.

CHAPTER IV. PAGES

SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION ............................ 93-119

Secondary Education. Legal provisions. The recom-

mendations of Supt. Lewis for township high schools.

Kinds of secondary institutions. Method of incorporation.

Enumeration and classification of Secondary schools. Edu-

cation societies. Denominational influences. Curricula.

Manual labor influence. Limits of State control. Higher

Education. Enumeration of institutions incorporated. State

influence on higher education. Ohio University. Miami

University. State aid to other colleges. Denominational

influences. Agricultural education. Summary. Professional

Schools. Medical education. Legal education.

CHAPTER V.

THE EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES, DEPENDENTS AND DELINQUENTS.. 120-128

Legislation concerning the education of the deaf and

dumb. Legislation concerning the education of the blind.

Legislation concerning dependents. Orphan asylums. Edu-

cation of delinquents.

CHAPTER VI.

THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS .................................... 129-133

State attitude. Voluntary associations. The Western

College of Teachers. The Teachers' Institute. Private

enterprises. County teachers' institutes authorized. Private

normal schools.

CHAPTER VII.

SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES ......................... 134-137

Libraries. Lyceums. Institutes. Athenaeums and Lit-

erary Societies. College Societies and Fraternities. Mis-

cellaneous Organizations of educational significance.

CHAPTER VIII.

CONCLUSION ...................................... .... 138-142

Main features. Decentralization. Permissive legisla-

tion. Educational experimentation. Advanced position on

taxation for schools. Lack of efficient organization. The

blinder of 1840. Disastrous experience with school lands.

Attitude toward Secondary and Higher Education. Influ-

ence of early history on the later educational development

of the state.

APPENDIX A ................................................. 143-211

APPENDIX B .................................................. 212-265

BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................. 266-271

CHAPTER I

THE SOURCES OF OHIO'S PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM

Introductory.

Ohio was admitted into the Union as a state February 19th,

1803.1 It was the first state admitted from the Northwest Ter-

ritory, and the first state to which the grant of Section 16 for

school purposes was made. The legislation concerning school

lands was intimately connected with the development of the

Public School System, and in the method to be adopted to make

this great grant productive of the desired results Ohio had no

precedents or warnings for her guidance.²

The Constitution adopted when Ohio became a state re-

mained in force until 1851. It made no specific provisions for

education, but stated that means of education³should be en-

couraged by legislative enactments; that all institutions of all

grades, endowed in whole or in part from revenues derived from

the donations of the United States, should be open without dis-

tinction to all scholars; and that associations of persons might

receive letters of incorporation from the legislature to enable

them to hold estates for the support of their schools, academies,

colleges and universities.

No provision for public schools was made by any general

law during the first eighteen years after Ohio's admission, the

first school law being passed in 1821.4 From this period until

1850 eight general school codes were enacted with numerous

amendments and supplementary acts, and a mass of special

legislation concerning particular districts or territory.

Statistical Abstract, U. S., 1910, page 21.

2Land set aside for individual towns had been common in New

England and elsewhere, but there was no precedent to direct action in

the case of a state wide grant intended for the use of the individual

townships.

3O. L. I., Art. 8, Sec. 3; Art. 8, Sec. 25; Art. 8, Sec. 27.

4O. L. XIX, 51.

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8 Ohio Arch

8 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

The traditions of Ohio were from the first against centrali-

zation.⁵The first constitution was formed soon after the bitter

political struggle between Jefferson and Adams, and at a time

when the arbitrary domination of the Territorial Governor,

Arthur St. Clair, had prejudiced the people against centralized

executive power. Nowhere is this prejudice against centralized

administration better illustrated than in the various phases of

educational legislation. The tendency throughout the period

under discussion was to depend largely upon local initiative and

control. The encouragement of education by legislative pro-

vision specified in the constitution was interpreted by the legis-

lature to mean the passing of a large number of local acts to

meet the special needs or desires of particular districts, or even

in the case of school lands, the desires of individuals, while the

general laws may be said to have pointed out methods of or-

ganization and control rather than devising any efficient system

of supervision or penalties to actually bring about specific educa-

tional results.

The general laws are largely permissive in character, with

the initiative left in many cases to the discretion of the local

community. There are doubtless other reasons for this than

the prejudice against the acts of Arthur St. Clair and the gen-

eral political state of mind in the West during the early period

of Ohio's history.

Ohio in its early statehood was a frontier community, settled

by a class of people that in the very nature of the case were

compelled largely to be self-reliant, and to solve their own prob-

lems, educational as well as others. It was a heavily timbered

area. Means of communication were difficult. It would have

been a hard matter to establish any general system of control

or supervision in the early period, and when means of communi-

cation had become simplified, through a system of state roads

and canals,⁶the people had become habituated to attending to

their own educational needs.

5Orth-The Centralization of Administration in Ohio, page 11.

6A large part of the early legislation of Ohio is concerned with

state roads, turnpike companies, plank roads, canals, etc.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 9

The settlers in Ohio, too, had no common educational back-

ground. They came from New England, from Virginia, Mary-

land and Kentucky, and, in fact, from nearly all the older states.⁷

A glance at the map on page 70 shows that the state was

divided into a number of separate districts such as the Western

Reserve, the Ohio Company's Purchase, the Symmes Purchase,

the Virginia Military Lands and the United States Military

Lands. The early settlements in these sections were usually

made up of people who came into the wilderness together from

one or another of the older states of the Union.

Each of these districts, in its customs and ideals reflected

the current thought and practice of that part of the country

from which its settlers came, and in no field was this more evi-

dent than in that of education. The Ohio Company's Purchase

and the Western Reserve were at first largely settled by colonists

from New England. Marietta, dating from 1787, and Cleveland,

from 1796, were the respective centers of influence in these two

districts.

Three colonies were planted in the Symmes purchase in

1788; the one at Losantiville, later rechristened Cincinnati by

Governor St. Clair, was destined to be in many ways a leader

for the entire state as well as for the Miami country. The early

settlers here, as at Marietta, had many of them seen service in

the Revolutionary War. They came from no single locality,

but New Jersey men seemed most prominent in the early settle-

ment, aided by the other Middle States.⁸Later there were many

settlers from Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and

the New England states.

⁹The Virginia Military Lands, located between the Little

Miami and the Scioto Rivers, received its first settlers from

Virginia and the South. General Nathaniel Massie and Duncan

McArthur founded Chillicothe, on the Scioto River, in 1796, the

first colony in this district.

7Atwater, A History of the State of Ohio, page 351.

8Cincinnati. Charles Cist, page 38. The Old Northwest. Hinsdale,

page 288, 9.

9Ibid. 290. Western Reserve Historical Society. Vol. II., pages

153, 4.

10 Ohio Arch

10 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

On the eastern edge of the state, south of the Western Re-

serve, are the so-called Seven Ranges, the name given to the

ranges of townships first surveyed in Ohio. While there was

no such colonization here as in the districts already named, the

first settlers were largely from Pennsylvania, and of German

stock, with a considerable number of Irish, Scotch and Scotch-

Irish.

The United States Military Lands seem to have had no

early homogeneous group, but drew settlers from all the older

states.

There was also a considerable French settlement at Gal-

lipolis, and a sprinkling of French all along the Ohio River.

From 1830 on there was a very considerable German in-

fluence from the influx of German immigrants that began at

that time.¹⁰

The population increased with astonishing rapidity after

Ohio was admitted as a state, constant accessions from the older

states were added to the early settlements, and in the years from

1810 to 1840 the transformation from a thickly wooded frontier

to a settled farming community had largely taken place. The

census figures from 1800 to 1850 give some idea of this trans-

formation. At the beginning of the century the population was

45,365, fifty years later it had increased to 1,980,329. The

record of increase by decades, which follows gives an even better

picture of the sudden changes that must have occurred:

1800 ................................... ..... . . 45,365

810 ............................................... 230,760

1820 ............................................... 580,434

1830 ............................................... 937,903

1840 ....................... ........................ 1,519,467

1850 ............................................... 1,980,329 11

The census figures for the last decade of this period show

a foreign born population of 218,193. In 1850 there were almost

10Orth- The Centralization of Administration in Ohio, page 164.

Chaddock-A Study of the Early Influence of Pennsylvania and South-

ern Populations in Ohio, page 30.

11Statistical Abstract of U. S., Washington, 1911, page 40.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 11

as many people of foreign birth in the state as its entire popula-

tion had amounted to only forty years earlier in 1810. These

people of foreign birth were largely of German stock.

It was no easy problem to develop a system of education

to meet the needs of this surprising growth, coming as it did from

all the older states and from foreign shores.

There was in these early years no agreement as to the means

of financing any general system of education, nor any real

agreement as to the needs of such a system. The educational

traditions were quite different in different portions of the state.

Samuel Lewis in his second annual report in 1838 says: "The

people have not heretofore followed any particular system. The

directors of each district have done that which was right in

their own eyes, and generally adopted, as far as they could, the

particular system of the state from whence they came."¹²Those

from the South brought traditions of the private school and

parental responsibility for education. The New England settlers

brought with them the idea of a public school system, with taxa-

tion and public control, but unfortunately for Ohio's subsequent

educational history the New England migration came at a period

when the public school sentiment in Massachusetts and the East

was at a comparatively low ebb, and when the decentralizing

tendency that gave Massachusetts the district school legislation

of 1789 was at its time of greatest influence. From this time

for nearly forty years, the process of decentralization went on.

Martin says the year 1827 is "the high-water mark of modern

democracy and the low-water mark of the Massachusetts school

system."13 The New England influence in Ohio began with the

Marietta colony in 1787. By 1830 the population of the state

had reached nearly a million, and it was during just these

years that the school sentiment in Massachusetts was lowest.

It was at this time, too, that the Academy was supplanting

the Latin Grammar School of the colonial period as the typical

secondary school.

The New England settlers favored the public school idea,

but it was the highly decentralized district system with which

12Ohio Documents, 1838, Doc. 32, page 30.

13 Martin-Evolution of the Massachusetts School System, page 92.

12 Ohio Arch

12 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

they were familiar. The Academy idea was the common posses-

sion of settlers from all the states.

The common school as a district school, the secondary school

as an academy, were two fundamental conceptions in the minds

of all those who were active in securing Ohio's early school

legislation. While many influences were thus instrumental in

shaping Ohio's early educational history, her debt to New Eng-

land for the men and ideas most significant in determining her

early public school system is so large that a brief sketch of a few

of these men, and of the forces that worked through them, is a

necessary prerequisite to an intelligent study of the development

of that system.

The most important of these forces were, first: the School

Lands.¹⁴Second: the conception of a State System of Schools,

and third: the idea of State Wide Taxation for the benefit of

such a system.

The use of public lands for the aid and support of schools

had its origin in New England. The men most instrumental in

urging Ohio's first law, giving a legal basis to the conception of

a State System of Schools, were born in New England. The

men most active in legalizing the idea of state wide taxation to

support this system, were also New England born, and the man

who did most to make these ideas, incorporated into law, actually

operative in the establishment of schools and to give a real

organization to the system legally created, was a man of New

England birth.

When Ohio was admitted as a state, section 16 in each

township, or an equivalent amount of land in those districts not

belonging to the United States, was permanently set aside for

the use of schools.

This grant gave for the use of schools an amount of land

equal to one square mile or 640 acres for each surveyed town-

ship of 36 square miles.

The practice of using public lands for the support of schools

had been from early colonial times a common New England

device and by 1647 certain towns had "assumed responsibility

14 discussion of the School Lands, with maps, methods of survey,

etc., is given in Chap. III.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 13

for the support of schools out of public property, partly through

gifts of land to school masters, partly by setting aside grants

of land as a permanent endowment."15

This New England practice first found state wide expres-

sion when Ohio was admitted to the Union and from that time

on became an established policy in the admission of all later

states. The Ordinance of 1785 "for ascertaining the mode of

disposing of lands in the Western territory"¹⁶reserved section

16 in each township "for the maintenance of public schools

within the said township." This provision, according to Donald-

son¹⁷was the inception of the rule of the reservation of certain

sections of land for school purposes. The first action in accord

with this provision occurred within the next two years when

Manasseh Cutler, as agent for the Ohio Company, completed

the bargain for the lands acquired by the company at the mouth

of the Muskingum.l⁸Not only did Mr. Cutler obtain a re-

affirmation of the provision for the grant of section 16 for school

purposes, but a grant of section 29 in each township for the

support of religion, and also an added grant of two townships

for the support of a University. It was this bargain of the

Ohio Company, engineered by Manasseh Cutler, that put into

actual operation the provisions of the Ordinance of 1785 con-

cerning school lands. This was followed immediately by the

Symmes purchase, between the Miami Rivers, and sections 16

and 29 were similarly reserved.

With the admission of Ohio as a state the same provision

for schools, section 16 or its equivalent for each township, was

extended to the remainder of the state except the portion still

held by the Indian tribes. Ultimately the reservation was ex-

tended to all territory within the state.

In this state wide grant was found an interest that directed

the attention of settlers in all parts of the state, and from all

parts of the United States, to the purpose for which the grants

15Jernegan- Beginnings of Education in New England. School

Review. Vol. 23, page 379.

16Laws of U. S., 1789-1815. Vol. I, Chap. 32.

17T. Donaldson--The Public Domain. Chap. 13.

18Hinsdale-The Old Northwest, page 268.

14 Ohio Arch

14 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

were made, the schools. The first legislation concerning schools

is found in efforts made to work out a method of handling the

school lands, and they remain during Ohio's early statehood one

of the persistent incentives to educational legislation and a con-

stant suggestion of a state school system.

The first general school act for Ohio was passed January 22,

1821.19 It is a significant fact that the four men most instru-

mental in putting on the statute books of Ohio, laws providing

for a tax supported system of common schools were all of them

born in Massachusetts. These men were Ephraim Cutler,

Caleb Atwater, Nathan Guilford, and Samuel Lewis.

Ephraim Cutler, of Ames, Washington county, near Mari-

etta, was the son of Manasseh Cutler, the inspired lobbyist of

the Ohio Company. He was born in Edgartown, Mass., but

spent his boyhood in Killingly, Conn., with his grandparents, and

came to Ohio in his early manhood. He was one of the drafters

of the state constitution and it was due to his efforts that there

were incorporated the clauses providing that "religion, morality

and knowledge, as essentially necessary to good government"

were to be supported by the General Assembly and "that schools

and the means of instruction shall forever be encouraged by

legislative provision."²⁰

Judge Cutler in December, 1819, introduced a bill in the

House of Representatives, providing for a system of common

schools. The bill as introduced was passed by the House but

allowed to die without action in the Senate. It was this bill

however, that led to the law of 1821, a substitute measure that

did little more than outline a method of school organization and

in so doing recognized the State's responsibility of legislating

for schools.

Caleb Atwater was born in North Adams, Mass.²¹He was

appointed one of a committee of seven, in December, 1821, to

consider the subject of schools and school lands, and report to

the House of Representatives. As a result of the deliberations

of this committee a commission of five was appointed in January.

19O. L., XIX, 21.

20Biography of Ephraim Cutler, pages 8, 114.

21History of Franklin and Pickaway Counties, Ohio, page 98.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 15

1822, to report to the next General Assembly on a system of

common schools.

This commission collected much valuable material which

was presented to the Assembly in 1823, but the friends of educa-

tion were in a minority, and no legislative action was taken dur-

ing that session. One of the members of this commission was

Nathan Guilford, a book dealer and publisher of Cincinnati, the

editor of the Freeman's Almanac, a western counterpart of Poor

Richard, popularly known as Solomon Thrifty's Almanac.

Mr. Guilford was born in Spencer, Mass.,²²and was edu-

cated at Yale. He was a constant advocate of popular educa-

tion and of taxation for schools in Ohio.

Samuel Lewis, Ohio's first and greatest State Superintendent

of Schools, was born in Falmouth, Mass.,²³but came to Ohio

as a boy. He was the author and prime mover for the school

law of 1838, which gave to Ohio its first completely organized

school system.

The act of 1821 had done little more than legalize means

by which the settlers in the townships could move to lay off dis-

tricts and establish schools. It made no provision for taxation

and organized no definite system. It was, however, important

as the first state recognition of a system of common schools. It

was evident to friends of public education that the law of 1821

was inadequate and ineffective and there began at once a cam-

paign for a more effective law.

Nathan Guilford used the sayings of Solomon Thrifty to

arouse the people of the state to the need of a free common

school education. In 1824 he says :²⁴ "The Legislatures of

Ohio and Kentucky have taken the subject of free schools into

consideration. It is hoped that their zealous endeavors to es-

tablish a system of common education will be crowned with

success. Millions unborn would rise and bless them."

Caleb Atwater and his committee after careful study and

much correspondence had recommended a commission of seven

22 History of Ohio. Randall and Ryan. Vol. III., page 374.

23Biography of Samuel Lewis. Wm. G. W. Lewis, page 13.

24Freeman's Almanac. Maxims and Advice of Solomon Thrifty.

1824.

16 Ohio Arch

16 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

to report on the subject of the school lands and a school system.

This commission²⁵consisted of Caleb Atwater, Rev. John Collins,

Rev. James Hoge, Nathan Guilford, Ephraim Cutler, Josiah

Barber and James Bell. The number corresponded with the

total number of different grants of school lands and each man

was to study and report upon the condition of the lands in the

territory assigned him. Caleb Atwater was assigned the Con-

gress Lands; John Collins the Virginia Military Lands; James

Hoge the Refugee Lands; James Bell the U. S. Military Lands;

Ephraim Cutler the Ohio Company Lands; Nathan Guilford the

Symmes Purchase Lands and Josiah Barber the Connecticut

Western Reserve Lands.

It was evidently the original opinion of many of the settlers

in Ohio, and perhaps the design of Congress, that these land

grants, if properly managed would support public schools with-

out a tax upon the citizens. There was a growing belief, how-

ever, that this one source of income would continue to prove

inadequate. Nathan Guilford, who strongly advocated taxation,

did not serve upon the commission, evidently believing he could

aid the cause of education better as a free lance. He addressed

a public letter to the chairman of the board arguing for a school

tax upon property and insisting that an adequate school fund

could not be raised from the school lands alone.

The commission had been directed to report upon three

topics: The actual condition of the school lands; a bill proposing

a system of school law; a report on the necessity and value of

the system proposed. Pamphlets were issued on these topics

and widely circulated, and served to awaken an interest through-

out the state in public education.

The system proposed was modeled on the New York State

system.²6 It provided for an economical management of the

school lands, but made no provision for taxation. The legisla-

ture of 1823 was however opposed to any liberal action for

public education. Atwater says :27 "In this legislature were

many influential men who were opposed to a school system, to

25Atwater. History of Ohio, page 259.

26 Biography of Samuel Lewis, page 101.

27Atwater. History of Ohio, page 261.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 17

a sale of school lands and to internal improvements." * * *

"This session had a majority of both houses opposed to a school

system and the sale of school lands, and all that was done by

them was to quarrel about these subjects. They finally broke

up in a row and went home."

In the campaign for the state election of 1824 the subjects

of internal improvements, the public school system and the

taxation system of the state were the main issues before the

people. A majority favorable to the public schools and internal

improvements was chosen, among them Nathan Guilford,

elected to represent Cincinnati. When the legislature assembled

Governor Morrow presented the necessity for adequate legis-

lation on all these questions. His message recognizes the dif-

ficulty of bringing people of divergent educational views, with

no common educational inheritance, to united action for public

schools. In discussing the subject he says :28 "In this state there

are causes, extensive in their nature, for difference of opinion

on the subject. The population is composed principally of

emigrants from the different States of the Union, with habits

and modes of thinking on the subject, as different as are the

regulations of the States from whence they came." * * *

"The act of the 22nd of January, 1821," he declares, is in-

effective because the establishment of schools and school dis-

tricts was made optional for the voters in each township. "Was

this act made positive, and in some respects modified, we should

have a system in force - perhaps not perfect - for the regula-

tion of common schools, which could be further improved, as

experience under it should point out its defects. A joint com-

mittee²⁹was at once appointed in the General Assembly, to study

the subject and report an adequate bill. Mr. Guilford was made

chairman of this committee and drafted the report and bill,

which finally passed both houses without amendment and be-

came the law of 1825. There was a widespread feeling in the

state against imposing a tax for general school purposes, but

Mr. Guilford and Mr. Cutler stood firm for this measure, and

with the assistance of the supporters of the public school idea,

28Ohio School System. Taylor, pages 132, 3.

29Ibid., page 141.

Vol. XXVII-2.

18 Ohio Arch

18 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

insured its passage by forming an active coalition with those

legislators who were working in the interests of internal im-

provements, especially the advocates of state canals. In this

work Mr. Guilford showed himself a skilled lobbyist and

shrewd judge of men in his personal campaign among the mem-

bers of both houses.30

While the vote was proceeding in the house Mr. Cutler stood

beside Mr. Guilford as they anxiously awaited the outcome,

and when the result was announced, and it was assured that

taxation for education had prevailed he turned to his companion

and exclaimed: "Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in

peace, according to thy word, for mine eyes have seen thy salva-

tion." The great initial victory for public education had been

won, and had been won primarily by New England ideas backed

up by New England men.

It remained to give these ideas and this system effective

organization. This was not accomplished until thirteen years

later, in 1838, under the leadership of Samuel Lewis, when a

wholly new school code was adopted. Following the act of

1825 there were numerous modifications and amendments of

the law but no essential change in the system of administration

was made until 1838.

The law of 1825 had made no provision for centralized con-

trol, and had created no adequate machinery for uniting the

various schools and districts established into a true state system.

There was neither state, county, nor township supervision,

and but little actual knowledge, and no control, of what various

communities were doing educationally. While the law had

established the fundamental principle of taxation for schools,

the actual system remained a headless, disjointed, decentralized

and ineffective one.

The first suggestions for reform came from the friends

of education in Cincinnati. A group of teachers and other

earnest advocates of popular education had organized a voluntary

association known as the College of Teachers or Western Ac-

ademic Institute.31 This body met annually for the discussion

30 Biography of Samuel Lewis, page 103.

31O. L., XXX, 232.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 19

and study of educational topics and attracted to its meetings, not

only Ohio teachers, but educational leaders from the other

western states as well. Partly as a result of a demand for a

better organization, created through the discussions of this asso-

ciation,³²a bill was introduced in 1837 to create the office of

State Superintendent of Common Schools. It met with de-

termined opposition, but finally passed the House by a vote

of 35 to 34, and became a law in March, of the same year,

with a decisive vote in its favor in the Senate.

Samuel Lewis, of Cincinnati, was the first and only in-

cumbent of the office, which he held for three years. The law

of 1838 was a direct result of the work of his first year and

his study of the needs and conditions of schools as he saw them

while touring the state visiting the schools and addressing meet-

ings, in an attempt to arouse people to an active interest in the

need of better school conditions. In this work he visited more

than 300 schools, traveling on horse-back over 1,200 miles

over the rough country roads, visiting schools by day, address-

ing public meetings by night, and everywhere preaching the

gospel of a better school system and a free education for every

Ohio boy and girl. He always found it hard, and often dis-

couraging work. He writes from Cleveland in November, 1837:

"I arrived here today almost worn down; have rode on an

average twenty-six miles a day this week. I generally spend

three or four hours a day in conversation, answering questions,

giving explanations, and making suggestions. It is harder than

it would be to deliver an address every day an hour and a half

long. * * * I fear you overvalue my efforts. * * * I

shall, however, do my best. I leave here on Monday, if health

permit, and shall get along as fast as I can to Columbus, visiting

on my route, as I suppose, about sixteen counties. * * * The

task before me is so great, that with all my time and close at-

tention, I shall hardly be able to get through." In a later letter

he writes: "On Saturday last, I delivered an address at Canton,

and after riding twenty-six miles on Monday, spoke in the eve-

ning to a large audience, and I believe I did good. * * * I

work hard day and night, and I find it a kind of up-hill business.

32Biography of Samuel Lewis, pages 119, 120.

20 Ohio Arch

20 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

If men would only do something, even in opposition, it would

be better than it is. Almost every man agrees with me; thou-

sands listen and applaud; and even candid men of sense declare

they have never heard this subject treated with so much interest,

and then leave it to go alone, or get on unaided by their efforts.

Still I am not discouraged, but am determined to work on till

my report is in, hoping at least for the final triumph of sound

principles and practice." 33

His report for the year 1837, based on his own observation

and such statistics as he could gather from the county auditors,

gave the first assembled information about the common schools

of the state. The report found the legislature in a receptive

mood, and the law of 1838 was passed with but little opposition.

The essential feature of the new law, in comparison with those

that had preceded, consisted in the fact that it gave organization

and headship to the system.

The new code retained the State Superintendent at the head

of the schools;-the act of 1837 had created the office-,but

had done nothing to change the rest of the law, or the machinery

of administration. In each county the new law made the

county auditor also the county superintendent of schools, and

as such, responsible to the State Superintendent in all educational

affairs. Similarly in each township the township clerk was made

the township superintendent of schools, subordinate to the county

superintendent.

An organization had been established by means of which

an authorized state officer could reach out into the most remote

district of the state, either to give help or information, or to

see that the law was obeyed. If equipped with the proper men,

Ohio, through this law, had the mechanism for effective educa-

tional administration.

The real strength of the system rested in the office of State

Superintendent. Mr. Lewis filled the office for three years, and

in those three years did the same kind of work for Ohio that

Horace Mann was doing for Massachusetts. Unfortunately for

Ohio and her subsequent educational history, Mr. Lewis, because

of failing health, gave up the office after three years of tireless

33Biography of Samuel Lewis, page 123.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 21

service, and the legislature, because some opposition had de-

veloped, transferred the work to the office of the Secretary of

State. This office was given four hundred dollars additional

for clerk hire, and the work became the collection of statistics

and making of reports, not the administration of a state wide

school system.

We have seen that the old New England idea of using

lands for schools first found application in Ohio, and that New

England men were chiefly instrumental in giving to the State

the first law of 1821, the principle of taxation in 1825, and the

organized system of 1838. We may now turn to a more de-

tailed study of the laws themselves.

Before doing this however, a few words must be said

about the schools from 1803 to 1821, the date of the first school

law. The general type of common schools during this period

was the pay or subscription school.³⁴The following agreements

and advertisements give a picture of the practice, such that any

added explanation is unnecessary.

An advertisement in the Western Spy, October 22, 1799,

reads as follows:

"ENGLISH SCHOOL.-The subscriber informs the inhabitants of this

town that his school is this day removed, and is now next door to Mr.

Thomas Williams, skin-dresser, Main Street. Gentlemen who have not

subscribed may send their scholars on the same terms as subscribers,

(commencing this day). He also intends to commence an evening school

in the same house on the third day of November next, where writing and

arithmetic, etc., will be taught four evenings in each week, from 6 to 9

o'clock, during the term of three months. The terms for each scholar

will be two dollars, the scholars to find firewood and candles. He also

furnishes deeds and indentures, etc., on reasonable terms."

JAMES WHITE.35

This is given by Venable, together with the following, ap-

pearing in a Cincinnati paper in 1804.

34 The Historical Sketches of Ohio, a Centennial publication gives

an account of the development of the school system in 47 cities and vil-

lages of the state. In 41 cases the writers mention some form of private

school as preceding or paralleling the Public School.

35 Venable. Beginnings of Literary Culture in the Ohio Valley

Pages 185, 6.

22 Ohio Arch

22 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

"NOTICE. -- The public in general and my former subscribers in par-

ticular, are respectfully informed that I expect to commence school again

on the 1st day of January, 1805. I shall teach reading, writing, arith-

metic and English grammar, indiscriminately, for two dollars per quarter.

The strictest care will be given to the school, as my circumstances will

then admit of my constant presence with the school. Those who place

confidence in my abilities and fidelity may be assured that both will be

employed to please the parents who shall commit, and benefit the children

who shall be committed to my care."

EZRA SPENCER.35

The two agreements between teacher and parents which

follow illustrate the common practice in the employment of a

teacher and establishment of a school.

"This article between the underscribed subscribers, of the one part,

and Jabez P. Manning, of the other, Witnesseth: That said Manning

doth on his part engage to teach a school at the school-house near the

center of Youngstown for the term of one quarter, wherein he engages

to teach reading, writing, arithmetic and English grammar; and further-

more, that the school shall be opened at 9 o'clock A. M. and close at 4

P. M., of each day of the week (Saturday and Sunday excepted), and

on Saturday to be opened at 9 o'clock and close at 12 o'clock A. M., and

we, the subscribers, on our part individually engage to pay unto the said

Manning $1.75 for each and every scholar that we subscribe at the end

of the term; and we, furthermore, engage to furnish the necessary ex-

pense of furniture, wood, and all other things necessary for the use of

the school. Furthermore, we do engage that unless by the 6th of April

of the present year the number of scholars subscribed amount to 35, that

the said Manning is in no way obligated by this article. Furthermore,

we allow the said Manning the privilege of receiving five scholars more

than are here specified."36

"(Signed)" J. P. MANNING.

"Youngstown, March 31, 1818."

"We the subscribers, do hereby mutually agree to hire Miss Sally

Rice to teach a school in the school-house near Mr. William Smith's, for

the term of three months, to commence on the 9th day of June, instant.

She is to commence the school at the hour of 9 o'clock in the forenoon,

and keep until 12; and at the hour of 1, and continue until 4 o'clock in

the afternoon. She is to teach reading, and to instruct the young Misses

35 V enable. Beginnings of Literary Culture in the Ohio Valley.

Pages 185, 6.

³⁶Historical Sketches of Ohio. Youngstown.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 23

in the art of sewing; and to keep all necessary regulations as is usual in

schools; for which we agree to give her the sum of one dollar and

twenty-five cents per week during the said term, which sum shall be

assessed in proportion to the number of scholars we have set to our

names. Provided, also, that in case more are sent by any individual than

he has subscribed for, or any persons send who do not subscribe, they

shall be assessed in proportion to the number they send; the money to be

assessed and collected by a committee to be appointed for that purpose.

And for the performance of the foregoing we hold ourselves bound."

"Dated this 8th day of June, A. D., 1814."37

This last agreement was for a school taught in Warren,

Washington county, and was signed by 19 subscribers, guaran-

teeing 281/2 pupils. Ephraim Cutler leading with four, while

five subscribers sign for only one-half a pupil each.

37Biography of Ephraim Cutler. Page 172.

CHAPTER II

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM

The Public School System, 1803 to 1850.

The general educational legislation of this period is con-

cerned only with the district school. There was no general

legislative enactment to establish secondary or higher institutions

of learning as a part of the state system of education, and it

was not until 1847 that there was any legislation to make pro-

vision for town and city schools and a graded system, other than

that found in special town and city charters.

The chief legislative enactments that divide this period and

mark especially important phases in the growth of the system

of public schools are as follows:

18211^-- The first school law. Recognition of State need and

responsibility.

18252-The second school law. The first tax for schools.

I8383-A state system organized. A definite school fund

guaranteed and the schools,* in theory, made free.

1847-484 - The Akron Act passed. A system for town and

city schools established.

These dates mark off periods that may be roughly charac-

terized as follows:

1803 to 1821- Subscription or pay schools.

1821 to 1825 - State recognition of the public school idea.

1825 to 1838- Property taxation to aid schools.

1838 to 1850-Operation under a loose state organization.

1847 to 1850-The development of town and city school

systems.

1O. L., XIX, 51.

2O. L., XXIII, 36.

3O. L., XXXVI, 31.

* School rates were not definitely abolished from the Public Schools

until after 1850. Taylor. The Ohio School System. Introduction,page4.

4O. L., XLV, local, 187.

(24)

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 25

Numerous school laws were passed from 1825 to 1838, but

the changes were minor in character, and developed no new

principles.

A clearer view of the growth of the Public School System

can be gained if the more important phases of that development

are treated separately, showing the various stages that each of

these phases passed through during the entire period.

For the purposes of this discussion the following topics

have been selected, and are discussed in the order given below.

The Organization of the School System.

Methods of Common School Support.

Control and Supervision of Schools.

Certification of Teachers.

School Studies.

Length of School Year.

School Officers.

Schools for Colored Children.

City and Village School Systems.

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM, 1803-1850

It may be said that the school system of the state had its

beginning in the grant of one section in each township for the

use of schools that Ohio received from the United States when

she became a state.⁵This grant, wasted as it afterwards was,

served as one center of common educational interest, and brought

the topic of common schools constantly before legislators and

people.

The unit of organization during the entire period was the

district. The earliest legislation bearing in any way upon the

organization of schools is found in an act of January 2, 1806,6

establishing the method of incorporating townships.

This act provides: "That so soon as there are twenty

qualified electors in any original surveyed township of six miles

square, or fractional township within the state wherein there

5A description of this grant and the use made of it will be found

in the discussion of the school lands in Chapter III.

60. L., IV, 56.

26 Ohio Arch

26 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

is the reserved section number 16, granted by the Congress of

the United States for the special use of schools; they are hereby

authorized under the provision hereafter provided, to elect

three trustees and one treasurer for the purpose of taking into

their care the section above mentioned, who shall be a body

politic, capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being

impleaded."

This early legislation precedes any specific school act, and

is found in the laws concerning the organization of the township.

It is the undoubted result of the grant of school lands and is

an indication of the importance of this grant in keeping before

the people the ideal of state-wide education.

All parts of the state had land set aside for school use.

This was the one common fact in all attempts to meet local

educational needs. On this subject there had to be legislation

general in nature. It was the one subject of common educational

interest. This earlier legislation was concerned primarily in de-

termining how the scant funds from this source might be legally

used, either to support for short periods schools that depended

solely on this source of income, or to supplement and assist pri-

vate and subscription schools of various kinds.

The trustees chosen in compliance with this legislation of

1806, were given authority to divide the township into districts

for the purpose of establishing schools, but were not directed

to do so. They were, however, directed to divide the profits⁷

arising from the school lands, among the districts that were

established, in proportion to the inhabitants. In passing this act,

the legislature was evidently primarily interested in the man-

agement of Section 16, not in the establishment of schools.

Those townships that wished to do it were given the right to

organize districts and use the funds obtained from the school

lands to support their schools. It is evident from subsequent

legislation,⁸and from the reports of Superintendent Lewis,⁹that

7Legal provision had been made as early as 1803, the year Ohio

was admitted, for renting the school lands. See Chapter III for a dis-

cussion of the legislation concerning the treatment of these lands.

8 0. L., XXXIV, 19.

9Ohio Documents, 36th G. A., Doc. 17, pages 9, 10.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 27

these funds were also used to pay or lessen the expense of

subscription schools already under way in the community. In

all laws touching on this subject, following the act of 1806, the

township trustees are the officers charged with the duty of

dividing the township into school, districts, but the final decision

as to whether such divisions are to be made does not legally rest

with them, although in practice it is evident that it often did so.

In 1814,10 in an act supplementary to the above, it was made

obligatory upon the trustees to lay the township off in districts

upon the application of six householders of the township, but

no penalties were imposed for a failure to do so. This same

act directed that those establishing a school in a district should

choose three (school) trustees, whose sole duties seemed to be

to get from the teacher a certified list of the pupils who had

attended the schools, and the length of time they had been

taught, and present it to the township trustees as a basis for

the distribution of the revenue from the school section.

On January 22, 1821,11 Ohio's first general school act was

passed. By its provisions the method of organizing districts

legalized in 1814 is evidently repealed though it is not so speci-

fied. The specific provisions of the act that concern organiza-

tion are that the voters in each township should have the right

to vote upon the question of districting the township. In case

the vote was in favor of such districting, the trustees were di-

rected to lay off the school districts in such a way as to have

not less than twelve, nor more than forty householders in

one district. They were also directed in their districting to

have regard to any school companies incorporated, so as to in-

clude the members within one district.

The householders in each district were to elect annually a

school committee of three, and a collector. The duty of the

latter was evidently to collect rates for the support of the school

from those who sent children to it, the tax for building a school

house in case such a tax was levied, and any amount levied as

necessary for paying the rates for the indigent children of the

district. This law also required the directors to appoint a dis-

10 O. L., XIV, 295.

11. L., XIX, 21.

28 Ohio Arch

28 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

trict clerk, whose duties were to keep a record of the meetings,

make out the tax bills when a tax was levied, and keep such

accounts as the school committee might direct.

The legislation up to this point has been chiefly concerned

in providing an organization for two purposes: a fair and legal

method for distributing the revenues that arose from the school

lands, and a method by which local communities could legally

lay out their districts and set up schools. There was nothing

in this earliest legislation that in any way approached a state

system, or compelled any state-wide action concerning education.

It was the evident intention of the next general law, passed

in 1825,12 to establish a system that should be state wide in its

operation. Its great advance over preceding laws was, however,

in its use of the principle of state-wide taxation, rather than any

significant change in the organization of schools. The establish-

ment of districts and schools remained a local and decentralized

activity and no true state system was formed.

It was made the duty of the township trustees to lay off

each incorporated township in the state into one or more school

districts. Certain negative penalties were imposed in this law

upon townships that were not divided into districts and upon

districts that did not employ teachers, but any real compelling

force that such a provision might have had, was destroyed by

the excessive liberality of the time limitation allowed to meet

the minimum requirements of the law.

No township was entitled to receive any portion of the

monies collected for school purposes, either from the school

lands or from taxation, unless it was laid off into districts. (It

might be laid off in one district six miles square and meet the

legal requirement.) Furthermore, if it were not laid off into

districts within five years, the money due it arising from the

school tax was apportioned to the other townships of the county

which had been so laid off. Similarly, any district which for a

period of three years failed to hire a teacher and keep a school

was penalized by having the money due it apportioned to the

districts that obeyed the law.

120. L., XXIII, 26.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 29

This did not refer to the money from Section 16. By the

terms of the original grant, this was set aside for the use of

the schools of the township, and the funds from it could not

be alienated to the use of another township.

The law of 1825 provided for a school tax, and the penalty

for not districting the township consisted¹³in losing after a five-

year period the township share in this tax. No provision was

made other than this for the enforcement of the law. There

were no penalties for the township trustees, and no officers,

whose duty it was to see that the law was carried into effect.

It was the evident idea of the legislators that the incentive

afforded by a share in the school tax would be sufficient to

bring about the erection of school districts in all the townships

of the state. That this was not the universal result is shown

by the fact that throughout the period, even as late as 1849,14

there reappears in general laws and in amendatory and supple-

mentary acts constant directions to the township trustees to lay

off the township into school districts. The later directions prob-

ably usually refer to the organization of new counties and town-

ships in the more unsettled portions of the state. In general,

the townships seem to have followed the mandates of the law

and availed themselves of the opportunity to share in the money

raised by the tax.

Mr. Lewis in his first report as State Superintendent, in

1837,¹⁵ showed that there were 7,748 organized school districts in

the state. There were 1,129 townships in 71 of the 75 counties of

the state, which would give an average of nearly seven school

districts to the township, an indication that the law was quite

generally obeyed. There was however no uniformity in the

amount of territory included in the districts (an entire town-

ship might be organized as one district), and as Mr. Lewis

pointed out the number in each township did vary from one or

two to eighteen. The district lines were "frequently made on

personal considerations, or to defeat some contemplated improve-

130. L., XXIII, 36.

140. L., XLVII, 52.

15Documents of the State of Ohio. 36th Gen. Assembly, Doc. No.

17, page 45.

30 Ohio Arch

30 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

ment. It is not uncommon to find districts so bounded as to

exclude whole tracts of land from the operation of the law."¹⁶

The report further indicates that there were individual town-

ships even in the older counties that had not organized school

districts at the date of the report, 1837, "and many more in the

new counties that have just commenced operations."

The organization within the district was effected by the

district meeting chosing three directors, who were to have direct

control and management of the schools.

It should be kept clearly in mind in this, and subsequent

legislation, that the directors are officers of the district, the

trustees are officers of the township.

The only compulsory feature in the district organization

was a fine of two dollars, which was provided for by an amend-

ment in 1830,17 imposed upon any person who was elected school

director or treasurer and refused to serve. This provision was

repeated in the general laws of 183218 and 1834.19

These amendments were evidently caused by frequent refusal

to serve by those elected to the school offices in the local dis-

tricts. That the work was a real burden and rested upon a

small army of local school officers may be seen in another quo-

tation from the State Superintendent's first report.

"There is no feature in the present law more burdensome

than that of requiring so many officers to spend several days

in every year in doing what would be better done by one-fifth

the number. * * * The amount of time now required, if

the officers do their duty, will, if computed at the average price

of day labor, amount to a heavier tax than is assessed in money

for the support of schools. * * * There are now 38,740

officers, enough certainly to break down any system however

otherwise good."²⁰

To summarize: On the side of local organization, the law

of 1825 directed the township trustees throughout the state to

16Ibid. Page 20.

17 0. L., XXVIII, 57.

18 0. L., XXX, 414.

19 O. L., XXXII, 25.

20 Ohio Documents, 36th. G. A., Doc. 17, page 19.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 31

lay off the townships into school districts, in which the electors

might organize by choosing directors. The only compulsion

for either township or district coming from a loss in the share

of the school tax.

County contact with the township and district was first

established in the law of 1825,21 by which the county officials

were made responsible for the collection and distribution of the

school tax,²²and through the appointment of a Board of Ex-

aminers by the Court of Common Pleas. This county relation-

ship was concerned only with the distribution of school funds

and the examination²³of teachers, and had no direct element

in it of control or supervision. The certification of teachers

by a county authority, rather than a local authority, did, of

course, introduce one element of control.

The next step in the direction of county organization was

taken in the law of 1836,24 which provided that the county

auditor should open an account directly with each school dis-

trict in the county, and made the further provision that each

district school clerk should report annually to the county auditor.

The county auditor became the intermediary officer in gather-

ing information for the use of the state as to the general school

conditions. It is evident that the legislature felt the need of

information regarding school conditions throughout the state

as a basis for legislative action. The directions are specific as

to the information wanted, and included the following items:

The enumeration of white children from four to twenty-

one years old in the district;

The time the school had been kept in the district

The time the school had been supported by the school fund;

The time the school had been supported by taxation;

The time the school had been supported by voluntary sub-

scription;

The amount of money from each source;

The number of children that had been taught;

21 O. L., XXIII, 26.

22 See page 44 for full explanation of this tax.

23 See page 54.

240. L., XXXIV, 19.

32 Ohio Arch

32 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

The whole amount spent for teachers' wages;

The amount paid for school-houses and repairs, giving as

separate items the sum raised by taxation for this pur-

pose and that raised by voluntary subscription.

²⁵Each county auditor was directed to make an abstract of

the information so gathered for his county, and to report the

same annually to the General Assembly.

It will be seen that the law up to this point connected the

state, county and district into a loose organization through a

system of reports, and through certain financial contacts in

the collection and distribution of the school tax.

The system lacked a supervising head, with definite

responsibility for following up the directions given by the law,

and seeing that the information asked for was actually gath-

ered and used. The legislature evidently realized this, and the

following year,²⁸1837, passed a law creating the office of

Superintendent of Common Schools, with an annual salary of

five hundred dollars.

The chief duties of the office so created were to collect and

tabulate statistics, to investigate the conditions of the various

school funds resulting from the sale of lands, and, in general,

to study the school needs of the state and suggest plans for

better regulation and control of educational affairs to the Gen-

eral Assembly. Samuel Lewis of Cincinnati was appointed to

the office April 1, 1837.29 Following his recommendations, the

25It was largely from these abstracts that Mr. Lewis made up the

statistical tables in his first report. He recognized the incompleteness

and inaccuracy in them, but despite that gathered much valuable informa-

tion. In commenting upon the laxness shown in the reports he says:

"If all the districts had reported accurately, the result would be bad

enough; but they have not. * * * There are in the State 75 counties

of which 62 have reported in whole or in part; some are extremely de-

fective, not only on account of the work of the school officers, but also

the extreme carelessness of some of the auditors. Most of the auditors,

however have done the best they could with the materials furnished."27

27Documents. Ohio. 36th. G. A., Doc. 17, page 47.

28 0. L., XXXV, 82.

29 O. L., XXXV, local, 560.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 33

legislature enacted in 183830 an act for the support and better

regulation of Common Schools, and to create permanently the

office of Superintendent of Common Schools. Mr. Lewis had

recommended legislation the preceding year, which had included

"School libraries; a state school fund of two hundred thousand

dollars; township high schools; township Boards of Education;

evening schools in towns and cities; county superintendents; a

school journal to be distributed to school officers gratuitously;

encouragement for the formation of Teachers' Institutes;

authority for districts to borrow money to erect school-houses;

the employment of women as teachers; and full reports from

teachers and school officers."³¹

The resulting legislation was the most important and com-

plete act bearing upon public education passed in Ohio from

1803 to 1850, and was the last school code passed during the

period. Much of its effectiveness was destroyed by subsequent

amendments that will be indicated, but the act in itself attempted

to establish an organized system of common schools for the

state, with state, county, township and district officers. The

State Superintendent stood at the head of the system. In each

county the county auditor was made superintendent of common

schools for the county, and in each township the township clerk

was made superintendent of common schools for the township.

The district meeting elected three directors as in the case of the

preceding laws. The district clerk was directed to make an

annual report to the district meeting and to file a copy of his

report with the township clerk. This report was to contain

full financial and educational statistics of the district for the

year. The duties of the township clerk, acting as superintend-

ent, were as follows: to take an enumeration of the youth of

school age in each district of the township (for failure to do this

a fine of $15 was imposed upon him); to fill vacancies that

occurred in any board of directors in his township; to appoint

directors in case the district meeting failed to elect them, or in

case the directors failed to serve, and if those who were ap-

pointed refused to serve, to himself perform the duties of the

3O. L., XXXVI, 21.

31 Ohio Documents. 36th. G. A., Doc. 17, pages 11-34.

Vol. XXVII- 3.

34 Ohio Arch

34 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

directors for the district in question. He was directed further

to report annually to the county superintendent an abstract of

the reports made by the district clerks, and it was made his

duty to visit each common school in the township at least once

a year to examine the teacher's record, the discipline and mode

of instruction, and to keep a journal of his observations. He

was also directed by the law to estimate each year the addi-

tional amount necessary to be raised in the district to maintain

six months' school for all children.

The chief duties of the auditor as county superintendent

of schools consisted in transmitting an abstract of the reports

from each township to the State Superintendent, and in dis-

tributing blanks, circulars and other information from the State

Superintendent to the proper township and district officers.

It will be seen that in its working the system was nominal

rather than actual, so far as any control of the local unit, the

district, was concerned. It was designed chiefly to afford con-

venience for the collection of data needed by the State Super-

intendent, and the dissemination of information from the State

Superintendent's office. It did provide for district officers, and

even the possible establishment of schools, where the district

failed to act, by giving the township clerk power to exercise

the authority of the directors, and it also made some pretense

at supervision through the same officers. Aside from this, it

was a loose and inefficient system, depending for its value

upon the energy and ability of the State Superintendent in

arousing educational sentiment throughout the state, and upon

the thoroughness with which the township clerk performed the

duties laid upon him. There was still no actual compulsion in

the law.

The strong points of the system consisted in the definite

relationship established through state, county, township and dis-

trict officers, and the possibility of dissemination and collection

of educational information through these channels. Its real

effectiveness depended upon the wise leadership of the State

Superintendent. The law pointed out the way to a school sys-

tem, and the Superintendent, as an authorized educational

agent, could do much to arouse state-wide interest in the

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 35

schools. In his Third Annual Report in 1839, Mr. Lewis

speaks of the law in the following words:

"This law, though not perfect, was the best that could be passed;

and with all its imperfections, I still think it is better adapted to our

wants than any other school law that has come under my notice. It gives

to the people the power to do their own business, whether in townships

or districts, as the majority may think best. The widest possible latitude

is given for popular action. The most that the law does is to prescribe

certain general rules within which the people can act under the sanction

of the law, and it gives to such popular action the aid of law to effect

its purpose. An arbitrary law imposing duties binding upon the people

without their assent could prescribe the forms and details of the work

in a few words and with great simplicity. Such would do for despotic

countries, but in a free country where the actors are a people whose

action depends upon their own wills, there must be a wide scope given,

allowing each district to accommodate its own peculiar views, requiring

it only to keep within the general outlines (and they must be only out-

lines) laid down by the law."32

The effectiveness of the organization was destroyed by

action of the legislature March 23, 1840,33 when the office of

State Superintendent was abolished, and the work of tabulating

and transmitting school statistics and other educational informa-

tion was transferred to the office of the Secretary of State.

The one other point at which the law had promise of

effectiveness was in the creation of the township and county

superintendents. The weakness, of course, was in attaching

these offices as mere appendages to the duties of the county

auditor and the township clerk.

The supervisory duties of the township clerk were made

dependent upon the decision of the township trustees in 1839,34

and the amount of pay for the supervision of any one school

limited to a maximum of one dollar for any one year. This

made actual supervision practically impossible. The results of

these two acts were to leave the system without effective leader-

ship and largely to destroy any possibility of controlling the

32Third Annual Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools,

Ohio, page 4.

33O. L., XXXVIII, 131.

34O. L., XXXVII, 61.

36 Ohio Arch

36 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

school work of the district through supervision. There were

portions of the state where the organization was felt to be

ineffective. Samuel Lewis had advocated county supervision,

and the appointment of the county auditor to this position was

felt by many not to meet educational needs. Voluntary asso-

ciations of teachers³⁵discussed the question of school organiza-

tion in their conventions. In 1846 Henry D. Barnard of Con-

necticut came to Ohio and lectured in numerous towns and

cities,36 urging the cause of free public schools.

As one result of these discussions numerous petitions were

circulated in the northern and central portions of the state,

asking for a law that would give county supervision. In 184737

the legislature passed a weak permissive act applicable to

twenty-five counties located largely in the Western Reserve and

in the central portion of the state near Columbus. This act

shows clearly the general legislative willingness to legalize edu-

cational procedure and the unwillingness to adopt means to

enforce the measures given the sanction of law.

The twenty-five counties in question were allowed to have

county superintendents. The initiative was left in the hands

of the county commissioners, who were authorized to set aside

such sum as they deemed proper for the payment of a county

superintendent. They were allowed to levy a tax for the pur-

pose if they wished to do so. If a sum were set aside for the

support of this office, the county superintendent was elected by

the district clerks of the county. He became chairman of the

county Board of Examiners, and was directed to visit annually

each common school in the county as a supervising officer.

The provisions of this act were made applicable to all

counties in the state the next year, 1848.38 The act remained

virtually a dead letter in the original twenty-five counties as well

as in the rest of the state. It simply pointed out a way in

which a county might legally appoint a county superintendent

35 See Chapter VI, page 129, for a brief account of some of these

associations.

36Taylor, page 359.

37 O. L., XLV, 32.

38O. L., XLVI, 86.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 37

of schools if it really wished to do so, and it left the initiative

in the hands of the county commissioners, who were apt to be

guided in action by financial considerations more than by edu-

cational needs.³9

The legislature in 185040 passed another act that created

again the office of State Superintendent, but in a quite different

form. This law was not permissive in form, but never actually

came into operation as the General Assembly, which was the

appointing body, allowed it to lapse through its failure to ap-

point the officers provided for in the law. In brief, this law

provided for a state board of public instruction to consist of

five members, appointed by the General Assembly. The first

members were to be appointed for one, two, three, four and five

years. After that one member was to be appointed each year.

Each member, during the last year of his term, was styled the

State Superintendent of Common Schools, and carried on the

duties of that office. These duties were largely limited to the

collection of statistics and reporting the results to the General

Assembly. The state was to be divided into four districts by

the board, and each of the other members to serve as a district

superintendent. In this service they co-operated with the

county examiners and their signatures were necessary to give

validity to teachers' certificates. The State Superintendent was

to prepare questions for all teachers' examinations. Teachers

were required to pay one dollar on the receipt of certificates.

The payment of this dollar entitled each teacher to receive a

state educational paper, and to attend teachers' institutes. All

fees and subscriptions to the school paper were to be paid to

the state treasurer and out of the fund so created the salaries

of the state board were to be paid. The salaries were one

thousand dollars for each district superintendent, and twelve

hundred dollars for the State Superintendent. The law spe-

cifically provided that no money from any other source should

be used in the payment of these salaries. This law represented

the efforts of the teachers' associations and the friends of edu-

39Two counties, Ashtabula and Sandusky, elected superintendents

under this law. Taylor, page 360.

40O. L., XLVIII, 44.

38 Ohio Arch

38 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

cation throughout the state. They were successful in getting

the law upon the statute books by placing the responsibility

for financing it upon the teachers themselves. The law, how-

ever, as has been said, was never put in active operation.

Summary.

The district was the unit of school organization throughout

this period. A state organization was formed in 1838 with

county and township officers. The effectiveness of the county

and township organizations was largely nullified by attaching

the duties of the school officials to offices primarily created for

other purposes. The greatest possibility of usefulness in the

system rested in the State Superintendent, and this office, after a

three years' trial, was abolished, and its duties transferred to

the office of the Secretary of State, where it became largely a

clerical function.

METHODS OF COMMON SCHOOL SUPPORT

The subject of the support of common schools during this

period is an involved one as there are many sources of revenue

and frequent changes in legislation. These sources may be

classified as follows:

School rates paid by parents;

The revenue from school lands;

Permanent funds;

Revenue from the United States surplus;

A guaranteed state school fund;

State taxation for school support;

County taxation for school support;

Optional township taxation for school support;

District taxation for school support;

Revenue from fines, penalties and fees of various kinds;

District taxation for school buildings;

Voluntary contributions for school buildings.

Contributions and bequests.

Rates Paid by Parents.

It has already been said that the earliest schools in Ohio

were subscription or pay schools. The responsibility for the

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 180₃ to 1850. 39

education of the child during the first twenty-two years of

statehood rested on the parents, not upon society or the state,

except as the money received from Section 16 might assist in

maintaining the local school. The principle of school rates for

at least a portion of the expense was recognized in the laws of

1821,41 1829,42 1831,⁴3 1834,44 and 1836.45 In the three acts

last cited it was provided that the parents should pay any addi-

tional amount needed, unless it were raised by voluntary sub-

scription. Provision was also made for the exemption of indi-

gent students. School rates, as a source of revenue, were not

specifically recognized in the code of 1838,46 but reappeared the

following year in an amendment,⁴⁷and remained until 1850 as

a legal source of support.

The practical working of the law and its amendments is

well shown by another quotation from Mr. Lewis's first report.53

"As it will be impossible to give a full history of my observations,

an example of the several classes must suffice. In one town a free

school is taught three months in the year, by one teacher, in a district

where more than one hundred children desire to attend; they rush in

and crowd the school so as to destroy all hope of usefulness, the wealthy

and those in comfortable circumstances, seeing this, withdraw their chil-

dren or never send them; the school thus receives the name of a school

for the poor, and its usefulness is destroyed. This example is one that

represents nearly all the free schools in the State, as well in the country

as in the cities and towns.

"Another and much larger number of the districts, adopt a practice

of which the following is an example: The district has funds which

would pay a teacher one quarter or less, but in order to keep up a

school as long as possible, it is divided between two or more quarters;

the teacher makes his estimate of the amount, besides public money, that

must be paid by each scholar and gets his subscription accordingly. Here

none send but those who can pay the balance; of course the children of

the poor, the very intemperate and careless, with sometimes the inordinate

lovers of money are left at home.

41 O. L., XIX, 51.

42. L., XXVII, 73.

43O. L., XXIX, 414.

440. L., XXXII, 25.

450. L., XXXIV, 19.

46 0. L., XXXVI, 21.

47 O. L., XXXVII, 61.

Ohio Documents, 36th. G. A., Doc. 17, pages 8 ff.

40 Ohio Arch

40 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

"This mode though it defeats the primary object of the law, really

secures a greater aggregate amount of instruction than the other. An-

other class proceeds on the same plan, with the exception that the

teacher is bound to take the very poor free, if they prove their total

inability to pay. This is but little, if any, better than the last, since the

poor woman must humble herself, and in effect take the benefit of the

poor law, before she can get her children into school. * * *

"Another part of this class is, where the directors agree with the

teacher at so much per month, and, after expending the school money,

levy, under the statute, a tax on the scholars for the residue, sometimes

admitting the poor, and sometimes rejecting all that are unable to pay

the difference.

"In some towns all the teachers receive a portion of the public

money at the rate of so much per scholar, which they deduct from the

subscription price. In these cases the schools are all strictly private,

and no provision whatever is made for the poor. The officers in one

place where this practice prevails, said that 'if the schools were free,

they would be so crowded as to be useless, unless they had more funds,

but by the mode they adopted, every man who sent to school got a part

of the public money;' if he was not able to pay the balance he was

punished by losing the whole; which is certainly a bad feature in the

practice, and a gross violation of law. Another custom is not to draw

the school money for several years, and then, say once in two or three

years, they can keep a crowded free school from three to six months. In

some places public schools have not been taught this two years.

"These examples give the practice in all the school districts in the

State; the second and third named prevail the most generally; but it is

not uncommon to find all the examples adopted in different districts in

the same township."

Revenue from School Lands.

The revenue from Section 16, or land given in lieu of Sec-

tion 16,48 was by the terms of the grant to be used for the edu-

cation of the children of the township or district of country to

which it belonged. The basis of distribution within the town-

ship finally came to be the number of white unmarried youth

from four to twenty-one years. The different bases of distri-

bution used before this were as follows:

18o549--So that all citizens in the township shall obtain

equal advantages.

480. L., III, 47, Enabling Act, reprinted.

49O. L., III, 230.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 41

181050 - In proportion to the scholars and the time taught.

182551- In proportion to the number of families in each

district.

183152 -In proportion to the unmarried white youth from

four to twenty-one.

In the Virginia Military District the basis for distribution

by the act of February 9, 1829,⁵⁴ was made all children from

the age of four to sixteen, instead of four to twenty-one. This

was changed to children from the age of four to twenty-one in

1831,55 and a five hundred dollar penalty assessed upon county

auditors if they failed to make triennially a report of the number

of school youth of this age in their respective counties. In

183656 the proportionate amount of territory in each county was

used as the basis of apportionment in this particular district.

Permanent Funds.

School lands.

In 180957 the school lands set aside for the Virginia Military

District were offered for sale at a minimum price of two dollars

per acre, and the funds deposited with the state treasurer,

to be funded and the income used for the support of schools

within this district.

The policy of selling the school lands in the rest of the

state was adopted in 182758 and was followed immediately by

another act⁵⁹creating a permanent school fund. The money

from the sale of school land was to be paid into the state treasury,

and placed to the credit of the particular townships to which the

land belonged. This was impossible in the case of such dis-

tricts as the Western Reserve, the Virginia Military District,

5O. L., VIII, 100.

51. L., XXIII, 36.

52. L., XXXII, 25.

54. L., XXVII, 51.

55. L., XXIX, 229.

56O. L., XXXIV, 469.

57 0. L., VII, 109.

58 0. L., XXV, 26.

590. L., XXV, 78.

42 Ohio Arch

42 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

and the United States Military District, as the land had not

been given to the townships, but to the districts as a whole. In

these cases the money was set aside for the use of schools in

the territories named. The amount so paid in constituted an

irreducible fund upon which the state pledged its faith to pay

an annual interest of six per cent for the use of schools in

the township or district.⁶⁰The lands were to be sold at the

appraised value with no minimum price attached. This act also

provided that the money from the sale of the salt lands, which

had not been originally given for the use of schools, should be-

come a permanent fund belonging in common to the people of

the state for school use. To this fund was to be added any

donations, bequests, etc., that might be made to the state for

the use of schools. The moneys from the two last sources were

to be funded until 1832, and thereafter interest was to be dis-

tributed to the counties of the state in proportion to the white

male inhabitants over twenty-one years of age. These funds

were loaned to the state for the purpose of building canals in

1830,61 and from this time on the principle was followed of using

the funds for state purposes, and pledging the faith of the state

for the payment of annual interest on the debt so incurred.

The amount of funds derived from this source is shown for

the years 1830, 1836 and 1846, as follows: 62

1830 1836 1846

Virginia Mil. Sch. Lands..... $ 47,014.31 $117,884.64 $135,033.96

U. S. Mil. Sch. Lands ........ 27,895.50 101,256.71 119,871.09

Salt Lands .............. 10,004.20 24,788.22

Sec. No. 16 ............ 82,626.31 563,578.63 999,963.24

Western Reserve Sch. Lands 147,027.01 158,659.01

Moravian Tract Sch. Lands.. 1,049.82

Totals .................. $167,540.32 $954,535.21 $1,414,577.12

60The money paid into the treasury from the school lands was used

by the State in its canal projects, and interest paid upon the debt so in-

curred.

610. L., XXVIII, 55.

62O. L., XXVIII, Auditor's reports; 0. L., XXXV, Auditors re-

ports; 0. L., XLV, Auditor's reports.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 43

Surplus Revenue.

In 183763 the surplus revenue received from the United

States was apportioned among the counties, the net income from

this source to be used for the support of common schools. The

method used for deriving an income was as follows. Each

county was held responsible for the payment of five per cent

interest annually on the amount apportioned to it.64 This five

per cent was paid annually to the state treasurer and redistrib-

uted throughout the state for the use of schools. Any amount

of revenue that the county had derived from the fund above

five per cent might be retained by it and used for internal

improvements, for the support of common schools or for the

building of academies. The entire fund apportioned to Ohio

from this source was $2,007,260.34.⁶⁵This fund was used in

this way for the support of schools until 1850, but was finally

pledged by the state for the payment of debts incurred in the

building of state canals, and passed from the school finances

subsequent to this date.

State School Fund.

The law of 183866 established for the first time a guaran-

teed state common school fund of two hundred thousand dollars.

This was to be derived from the interest on the Surplus Rev-

enue,⁶⁷the interest on the proceeds of salt lands, and the rev-

enue⁶⁸from banks, insurance and bridge companies. The state

was to supplement from other funds whatever amount was

needed to bring the total annual revenue up to two hundred

thousand dollars. The added amount, when necessary, was

raised, in fact, by a state tax. The amount of this guaranteed

63O . L., XXXV, 97.

64The amount distributed to the Ohio counties in 1837 was

$1,882,418.92.

65 Ohio Documents. 36th Gen. Assembly. Doc. 3, page 8.

66O. L., XXXVI, 21.

67 Ohio's share of the surplus revenue distributed to the several

states by the United States amounted to $2,007,260.34.

68The revenue from the state tax on banks, insurance and bridge

companies is reported by the state treasurer in 1837 as $64,931.53.*

*Ohio Documents. 36th Gen. Assembly. Doc. 2, page 3.

44 Ohio Arch

44 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

fund was subsequently in 184269 reduced for one year to one

hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and in the following year⁷⁰

the money arising from licenses on peddlers, from auction duties

or licenses on auctioneers, and from taxes levied on lawyers and

physicians, was added to this fund, the effort evidently being to

raise the amount of the fund without the necessity of taxation.

The basis for distribution of this fund to the counties was

made the number of white youth between the ages of four and

twenty years, resident in the county.

Taxation.

The principle of taxation for the support of schools first

appeared in the general school act of 1825,71 by which the

county commissioners in each county were directed to levy a

tax of 1/2 mill on the taxable property of the county for the

use of schools. This principle continued from this date, and

was later supplemented by a state tax and an optional town-

ship or district tax. The provisions of the laws concerning

taxation up to and including the general law of 1838 are sum-

marized in the following statement. (This includes only taxa-

tion for school support. The provisions for taxation for school

building purposes are given separately.)

Year Amount.

County tax required72 1825 1/2 mill.

County tax required731829 3/4 mill.

County tax required741831 3/4 mill. County commissioners may as-

sess 1/4 mill additional.

County tax required751834 1 mill. County commissioners may as-

sess 1/2 mill additional.

County tax required76 1836 l1/2 mills. County commissioners may as-

sess 1/2 mill additional.

690 . L., XL, 59.

70O. L., XLII, 38.

71 0. L., XXIII, 36.

72O. L., XXIII, 36.

730. L., XXVII, 73.

74O. L., XXIX, 414.

75O. L., XXXII, 25.

76 O. L., XXXIV, 19.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 45

Year Amount.

County tax required771838 2 mills. (If the county commissioners

failed to levy the additional

Tp. tax ............76 1836 optional. 1/2 mill tax, the township

might vote to raise an addi-

tional 11/2 mill tax.

Tp. tax ........... 1838 optional. The township might vote an

added amount necessary to

maintain schools six months.⁷⁸

Not to exceed two mills ad-

ditional.

State tax ........... 1839 variable. An amount necessary added to

the revenue from the perma-

nent fund to produce $200,-

00079 annually.^{80 1/2} mill levied

by the state in 1838.

In 183981 the law was amended to allow the county com-

missioner to reduce the county tax to any sum not less than

one mill, instead of maintaining a flat rate of two mills through-

out the state as the act of 1838 had done, and in 1847,82 the

sentiment against taxation for school support was so strong

in the General Assembly that the county commissioners were

forbidden to levy more than 2/5 of a mill for the use of schools.

This was the lowest point reached in taxation for school support

after the law of 1825.

The following year, 1848, the privilege of levying a local

tax for the support of schools was extended from the town-

ship to the district.⁸⁴The district clerks were directed to make

an estimate of the amount needed in addition to the funds pro-

vided under the laws in force to keep a school in session for

six months. The district meeting was then allowed to decide

by vote whether an additional tax should be levied for this

77 O. L., XXXVI, 21.

78O. L., XXXVII, 61.

79Reduced in 1842 to $150,000."

80 O. L., XXXVI, 85.

81 O. L. XXXVII, 61.

820. L., XLV, 60.

830. L., XL, 59.

84 0. L., XLVI,, 83.

46 Ohio Arch

46 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

purpose. In no case could this added district tax exceed one

mill. The same year the county commissioners were authorized

to raise the tax from 2/5 of a mill to 1 mill,⁸⁵but they were not

directed to do so.

The status of taxation for the support of schools at the

close of the period was as follows:

The state guaranteed a fixed school fund derived from

various sources. When other sources failed to make up this

sum, a state tax was levied to do so. (The fund had been re-

duced from two hundred thousand dollars in 1838 to one hun-

dred and fifty thousand dollars in 1842.)

The county commissioners were directed to levy a tax in

each county. This had been two mills in 1838, but was reduced

to 2/5 of a mill in 1847, and was left optional, but not over one

mill in 1848.

Each township might vote to raise an added two mill tax

for the support of schools in the township.

Each district might vote to raise an added one mill tax for

the support of schools in the district.

The progress that had been made by the law of 1838 with

its state-wide county tax of two mills and state tax amounting

to 1/2 mill had been largely lost by allowing the county com-

missioners to reduce the amount of the county tax and by the

reduction of the guaranteed school fund to one hundred and

fifty thousand dollars.

Taxation for School Buildings.

The law of 182186 authorized the householders in any school

district by a two-thirds vote to levy a tax to build a school-

house, and to pay for the schooling of indigent pupils, and

stipulated the tax should not exceed one-half the amount that

might be levied for state and county taxes the same year. The

next law, that of 1825,87 simply said that the district meet-

ing should provide means for building a school-house, and for

furnishing fuel, but gave no further directions as to how money

83 0. L., XLVI, 28.

860. L., XIX, 51.

870. L., XXIII, 36.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 47

was to be raised. In 182788 a maximum of three hundred dollars

for a school-house was established and the district meeting might,

by a three-fifths vote, decide whether the district should be taxed

for building purposes or not. If it was decided to raise the

money by a tax and the amount falling on any householder was

less than one dollar, a minimum sum of one dollar was charged

against him. The tax might be commuted by labor on the

school-house or furnishing material for it. This last law evi-

dently aroused opposition on the part of non-resident tax-

payers, and in 183089 an amendment to the school law provided

that not more than fifty dollars might be levied in any one

year for building purposes, unless one-third of the property in

the district was owned by residents. If one-third to one-half of

the property was so owned, the amount raised might be one

hundred dollars. If one-third to two-thirds of the property

was owned by residents, the sum was increased to two hundred

dollars. This method of raising the money for buildings re-

mained with but slight changes until 1838. The minimum tax

for a resident taxpayer was reduced from one dollar to fifty

cents in 1830,90 and to twenty-five cents in 1836.91 In 183892

the decision as to a building tax for a school-house was for

the first time left to a majority vote of the district meeting, and

the partial exemption for non-resident taxpayers and the min-

imum tax features disappeared.

Fines, Penalties, Licenses, Fees, Etc.

In 182793 the principle of using fines for the support of

schools, assessed for various offences first appears. By the pro-

visions of this act all fines imposed and collected by justices of

the peace for offences committed were to be used for the sup-

port of schools in the district in which the offences were com-

mitted. This was repeated in 1829,94 and then disappeared from

880. L., XXVII, 65.

890. L., XXVIII, 57.

900. L., XXVIII, 57.

91 O. L, XXXIV, 19.

92O. L., XXXVI, 21.

930. L., XXV, 65.

940. L., XXVII, 73.

48 Ohio Arch

48 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

the school law, but the principle reappeared in a series of acts

concerning various offences and remained as a definite method

of school support to the end of the period. These offences

and fines are so numerous that they are given here only in tabu-

lated form.

Area to which

Date of Penalty fines were

law. Offence. Min. Max. distributed

distributed.

182993 Selling liquor without license .....$10.00 $50.00 County

1829 Liquor seller permitting rioting,

drunkenness or gambling ........ 10.00 50.00 County

183096 Killing muskrat out of season..... 1.00 each Township

183197 Sabbath breaking ................. 1.00 5.00 Township

183197 Selling liquor on Sunday "to

others than travelers" .......... 5.00 Township

183197 Disturbing religious meetings..... 20.00 Township

183197 Profanity ........................ .25 1.00 Township

183197 Exciting disturbance in a tavern,

etc ............................ .50 5.00 Township

183197 Playing bullets, running horses or Township

shooting guns in town.......... .50 5.00 Township

183197 Liquor dealer keeping 9 pin alley.. 10.00 100.00 Township

¹⁸³¹⁹⁷ Exhibiting a puppet show, jug-

gling, etc. ...................... 10.00 Township

183197 Tearing down public notices ....... 10.00 Township

¹⁸³¹⁹⁷ Selling liquor within 1 mile of a

religious gathering ............. 20.00 Township

183197 Bull baiting, bear baiting, etc ...... 100.00 Township

183197 Cock fighting .................... 100.00 Township

183197 Horse racing on a public road.... 5.00 Township

183197 Justice of Peace failing to pay over

fine collected ................... Double the

amount col-

lected Township

183198 Selling at auction without license 100.00 State, for lit-

183198 Failure to render account of auc- erary pur-

tion sales ...................... 1000.00 poses

183199 Peddling without license........... 20.00 100.00 District

95O. L., XXVII, 11.

96O. L., XXIX, 469.

97 0. L., XXIX, 161.

98O. L., XXIX, 304.

99 0. L., XXIX, 313.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 49

Area to which

Date of Penalty fines were

law. Offence. Min. Max. distributed.

distributed.

1831100 Exhibiting circus without permit.. $100.00 County

1831101 Neglecting to have fish inspected.. 5.00 County

1831101 Failure to bury offal.............. $5.00 50.00 County

1831101 Inspector demanding more than

legal amount, or purchasing ar-

ticles condemned ............... 50.00 County

1834102 Selling salt without inspection.... 1.00 per bbl. County

1834103 Medical malpractice of various

kinds ..........................100.00 500.00 County

1834104 Obstructing navigation in Mus-

kingum River .................. 50.00 County

1838105 Officer or corporation disregarding

court orders in quo warranto pro-

cedure ......................... 10,000.00 County

1840106 Keeping breachy or unruly animals .25 1.00 District

1840107 Harboring intoxicated Indians..... 5.00 25.00 District

1841108 Selling liquor within two miles of

any religious society gathered in

a field or woodland............. 5.00 50.00 Township

1844109 Allowing Canada Thistles to ma-

ture ........................... 10.00 Township

Knowingly selling seed which con-

tains Canada Thistle seed ........ 20.00 Township

1845110 Firing cannon on the public street 5.00 50.00 Township

1846111 Gambling or keeping a gambling

house .......................... 500.00 County

1000. L., XXIX, 446.

101 0. L., XXIX, 477.

102 O. L., XXXII, 47.

103 0. L., XXXII, 20.

104 O. L., XXXII, 38.

105O. L., XXXVI, 68.

106O. L., XXXVIII, 4.

107 0. L., XXXVIII, 57.

108 O. L., XXXIX, 34.

109 O. L., XLII, 37.

110 O. L., XLIII, 17.

111 O. L, XLIV, 10.

Vol. XXVII- 4.

50 Ohio Arch

50 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

In addition to the fines listed, the fees received from licenses

for liquor selling, 112 for peddlingl13and auctioneering114 were

applied for the use of schools. There were also a number of

local acts of this character applying to particular towns or

counties.¹¹⁵

116 In 1830 in the act incorporating the town of Steuben-

ville, it is provided that for every license granted to "all gro-

ceries, porter, ale, and other houses of entertainment" there

shall be paid into the county treasury "the sum of five dollars

for the use of the common schools of the county." A similar

provision is found in the act incorporating the city of Chilli-

cothe,ll⁷in 1838, except that the money is to be paid to the

district of the city. Acts of the same general nature occur,

applying to Medina, Huron, and Erie Counties,1l⁸and to the

towns of Chagrin Falls,l¹⁹Fulton,l²⁰and Akron,l21 and in 1845

an act was passed authorizing the towns of Painesville and

Norwalkl²²to levy an annual tax "on all dogs six months old

and upwards" for the use of common schools.

CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF SCHOOLS

Ohio was especially weak in developing any plan of control

or supervision. The law of 1825123 and succeeding laws said

that the county examiners might visit and inspect schools, but

there was no compulsion placed upon them, no pay for the

duty if performed, and no authority given to them in case they

decided to make such inspection. In 1838124 the establishment

1120. L., XXVII, 11.

¹¹³0. L., XXIX, 313; 0. L., XLVI, 36.

114O. L., XXIX, 304

115 0. L., XXVIII, 165; 0. L., XLV, 131.

116 0. L., XXVIII, 165.

117 O. L., XXXVI, 274.

118 0. L., XLV, 131.

119 O. L., XLVI, 269.

1200. L., XXXII, 116.

121O. L., XXXIV, 433.

122O. L., XLIII, 379.

1230. L., XXIII, 36.

124 O. L., XXXVI, 21.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 51

of the office of state, county and township superintendents

would seem, at first view, to give the machinery for efficient

control and supervision, but an inspection of the law will show

that the actual control exercised was weak and ineffective. The

only man in the entire system who was primarily engaged in

school work was the State Superintendent and at the end of

three years the office was abolished,¹²⁵and the work transferred

to the Secretary of State, who was allowed four hundred dol-

lars a year for the extra clerical work thus placed upon him.

Samuel Lewis 126 in the three years he served as State Su-

perintendent accomplished much, but it was through arousing

sentiment in favor of common schools and in collecting and

presenting educational facts to the General Assembly and to

the state at large, and not through the working of the system,

except as it aided him in the collection of the desired facts, and

as he educated school officers in their duties through manuals,

reports and other educational material.1²⁷

With the transfer of the office to the Secretary of State

it became, naturally, largely clerical in character, as the Secre-

tary of State was devoted primarily to other duties. Similarly,

the office of county superintendent was simply added to the

duties of the county auditor, and that of the township superin-

tendent to the duties of the township clerk. These men, too,

were primarily chosen for work of a different nature, and the

school duties were in many instances an unwelcome addition.

It is true that the law gave the township superintendent

certain control over the district, vesting him with powers to

appoint directors if the district failed to elect them, or to per-

form in person the duties of the directors if those he appointed

failed to serve. There was no machinery, however, to compel

the township superintendent to act in the matter. He was also

required by law to visit the schools in each district once in each

year, but in 1839128 it was made optional with the township trus-

tees to excuse him from this duty, and his total pay for super-

125 0. L., XXXVIII, 131.

126 Taylor, page 335.

127O. L., XXXVI, local, 402, 410.

128O. L., XXXVII, 61.

52 Ohio Arch

52 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

vision in any one school was fixed at a maximum of one dollar

for the year. On the whole the township clerks seem to have

accepted the responsibility and to have acted for the best inter-

ests of the schools.

Mr. Lewis in his second report speaks of the working of

the law at this point as follows:129

"Elections have very generally been held in the districts in Septem-

ber, 1838, and where they have been omitted the township clerks have,

in most cases, made proper appointments, so that there are now school

officers in nearly all the school districts and they are making the ar-

rangements for schools. * * * The power of township clerks, to ap-

point district officers, is sometimes complained of, but without this pro-

vision or some other effecting the same object, organization could not

take place.

"There will be this winter at least one thousand schools that but

for this provision would not have existed. Township clerks only act,

where the district has forgotten or neglected to act, and it would be un-

pardonable to suffer fifty thousand youth to go without instruction for

want of officers to regulate the schools. * * * I am satisfied that

most of the township clerks desire most heartily to promote the interest

of the schools, pay or no pay, but they are generally poor and cannot

afford to spend much time without compensation. Letters every day

coming to my hands, satisfy me that no money will be better laid out

than that which secures the services of patriotic and public spirited

township superintendents."

While these quotations show the general attitude of these

newly appointed officers as favorable to the schools, there were

many individual instances where, through laxity or ignorance,

the work was not done. One of the county auditors writing to

Mr. Lewis says: "Great difficulties are found in school matters

by the negligence of school district officers and township clerks,

not that they are opposed to the common school system, but

they complain of having so much to do without compensation,

consequently they will not bother themselves with the matter."130

Another says: "I can assign no reason for the neglect of

the township clerks in this matter * * * but from want

of attention merely." * * * "The township clerks have not

129 Ohio Document. 38th. G. A. Doc. 17, page 51.

130 Ohio Document. 37th. G. A. Doc. 32, page 67.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 53

generally made accurate returns."¹³¹ "The carelesness of dis-

trict officers has given township clerks an excuse, and my re-

port is very deficient," are among other comments from audi-

tor's letters cited by Mr. Lewis.

The only effective measures to compel the districts to

establish schools were through the retention of the district's

share of money from the school fund, and the moneys collected

by taxation, in case of failure to keep school. The law of

1825132 said that no district might receive its share of the money

so collected except for the wages of a teacher duly employed

and certified. There was no specification as to the length of

time the teacher must be employed. If the district failed for

a period of three years to hire a teacher and keep a school, the

money due it was to be appropriated to the districts that did so.

In 1829133 the provisions were repeated, and a minimum term of

three months was established as a condition of receiving the

district's proportion of school tax due.

There was a fine of two dollars assessed on any person

elected as a director or clerk and refusing to serve,134 and also

fines on the district officers responsible for making returns of

the enumeration of school youth135 in case of failure to report.

It was found necessary in 1848136 to pass a special act for the

purpose of securing school statistics from the districts and town-

ships. This forbade the township treasurers to pay any teacher

a salary unless there was presented with the order an abstract

of the teacher's record of attendance. The township treasurer

was fined ten dollars unless he settled annually with the auditor

of the county, and the possession of these abstracts was a nec-

essary preliminary to the settlement. Other than this the state

devised no means for controlling the educational procedure of

the district.

131Ibid. Page 70.

132. L., XXIII, 36.

1330. L., XXVII, 73.

134O. L., XXVIII, 57.

135O. L., XXXIV, 19.

1360. L., XLVI, 28.

54 Ohio Arch

54 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS

In 1821137 the district school committee was authorized to

employ competent teachers, and no mention was made of certifi-

cation. In 1825138 the principle of county certification appeared

and with the exception of a two-year period, 1836 to 1838, re-

mained until 1850. The law of 1825 provided for the appoint-

ment of three examiners of common schools in each county by

the Court of Common Pleas, who should examine and certifi-

cate teachers, and, as previously noted, might visit and examine

schools. No teacher could legally recover any part of the pay

due from public funds unless a certificate had been granted to

such teacher.

In 1827139 the Court of Common Pleas was allowed to ap-

point such number of examiners as they might deem expedient,

not to exceed one for each organized township in the county.

It was the evident intent of this law to allow single examiners,

for the sake of convenience, to examine within the township.

In 1829140 the Court of Common Pleas was directed to

appoint not less than five examiners nor more than the number

of organized townships in the county, and any two examiners

might grant certificates.

In 1831141 the examiners were directed to give the certifi-

cate in the branches in which the teacher was found qualified

to teach, and no certificate was to be granted unless the candi-

date was qualified to teach reading, writing and arithmetic.

The examiners might require the examination to be public

and could determine upon uniform forms of certification.

This law was evidently deemed a little too rigorous and

was amended at the following session in December, 1831,142

to permit a district that wished to do so to employ a female

teacher to teach reading, writing and spelling only, and the

1370. L., XIX, 51.

138 0. L., XXIII, 36.

139 0. L., XXV, 65.

140 0. L., XXVII, 73.

141 O. L., XXX, 4.

142O. L., XXX, 4.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 55

examiners were authorized, on the presentation of a written re-

quest from the directors, to grant a certificate in these subjects.

In 1834143 the court was directed to appoint five examin-

ers, and the examination was to be given publicly each month

at the county seat, with the provision that the examiners might

appoint one examiner in each township to examine female

teachers only. Reading, writing and arithmetic were required

for all certificates.

In ^1836144 the township became the unit for certification,

and the method of choosing examiners changed. Each township

was to elect annually three examiners, but with the code of

1838,145 the county became definitely the unit for certification,

and the mode of appointment was again by the selection of the

Court of Common Pleas. The number of examiners was fixed

at three. Examinations were to be held quarterly by the Board.

Each teacher must be qualified to teach reading, writing and

arithmetic, and the certificate stated what other branches the

teacher was qualified to teach. No teacher in any common school

was allowed to teach a study not named in the certificate. In

1849146 English and geography were added to the requirements

for certification.

SCHOOL STUDIES

No mention was made of the subjects to be taught in the

common schools until 1834,147 when reading, writing and arith-

metic and "other necessary branches" were specified. The state

insisted on nothing more than these subjects, but in 1838148 al-

lowed other studies to be taught at the option of the directors,

and allowed any other language beside English to be taught, but

the three r's must be taught in English. This was amended in

^1839149 as a concession to German settlers¹⁵0 to allow each school

143O. L., XXXII, 25.

1440. L., XXXIV, 19.

145 0. L., XXXVI, 21.

146 0. L., XLVII, 43.

147 0. L., XXXII, 25.

148O . L., XXXVI, 21.

149O. L., XXXVII, 61.

150Taylor, page 170.

56 Ohio Arch

56 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

district to have its school taught in whatever language it might

prefer. In 1849151 on application of three householders the

directors were instructed to add English and geography to the

subjects taught.

LENGTH OF SCHOOL YEAR

The minimum length of the school year was first fixed at

three months in 1829152 for any school receiving an appropria-

tion of the money raised by taxation, and as much longer than

three months as the appropriation paid the wages of the teacher.

Nothing was done to extend the time until 1838153 when the

township superintendent was directed to estimate for the town-

ship the amount it would be necessary to raise by taxation in

addition to the funds already provided to furnish six months

good schooling to all the white youth of the township. The de-

cision as to raising the amount needed to maintain the schools

six months was decided by the voters at the township election,

who voted "school tax" or "no school tax". A six months' school

remained the ideal held up by the law for district schools until

1850.

That this modest ideal of a six month's school was not

commonly reached is shown in Mr. Lewis's first report in which

he gave the total number of children of school age in the

State at 468,812; the number attending more than two months

and less than four as 84,296, and those attending over four

months as 62,144.154 These figures show that 322,372 children

of school age either attended school less than two months in

the year or that they did not attend at all. In his last report,

three years later, for 1839, he gives the total number of schools

(public) as 13,049-partly estimated-and the average length

of the term as four months; the total number of pupils in attend-

ance as 455,427, an increase of over 300,000.155 These figures

are a significant indication of the changed attitude toward pub-

1510. L., XLVII, 33.

152 0. L., XXVII, 73.

153 O. L., XXXVI, 21.

154 Ohio Doc. 36th. G. A. Doc. 17, page 44.

155Ohio Doc. 38th G. A. Doc. 17, page 44.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 57

lic schools that the law of 1838 had wrought under the leader-

ship of a capable and devoted State Superinendent.

SCHOOL OFFICERS

The township trustees were throughout the period given

the power of establishing districts. District officers were as fol-

lows:

In 1814- three district trustees ;156

In 1821 -three district trustees and a collector;¹⁵⁷

In 1825 - three directors ;158

In 1827 - three directors and a treasurer to be appointed

by the directors ;159

In 1829-three directors, a clerk, and a treasurer;160

In 1838--three directors, the directors appointing one of

their own number as clerk and treasurer ;161

The law of 1838 also created the offices of

state, county and township superintendents, the

two latter being ex officio, attached to the offices

of county auditor and township clerk.

In 1840-the office of State Superintendent was abolished,

and its clerical functions transferred to the of-

fice of the Secretary of State.

In 1848 - counties were given the right on their own initia-

tive to elect county superintendents of schools.¹⁶²

SCHOOLS FOR COLORED CHILDREN

The first provision found in the general laws for the educa-

tion of colored children occurs in 1848,163 when a department

of common schools for black and mulatto children was created.

Prior to this time the property of colored people had been ex-

1560 . L., XIV, 295.

157O L., XIX, 51.

158 0. L., XXIII, 36.

159 O. L., XXV, 65.

160. L., XXVII, 73.

161 0. L., XXXVI, 21.

1620. L., XLVI, 86.

1630. L., XLVI, 81.

58 Ohio Arch

58 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

empt from taxation for school purposes. This law provided that

their property should be taxed the same as property of white

people, and the money used to support colored schools wherever

they were established, but added to the common school funds

in those districts in which colored children were allowed to at-

tend the common schools.

Any city, town, village or township containing twenty

colored children was created a district for the purpose of estab-

lishing a colored school, and the colored citizens given authority

to organize by the election of directors, in accord with the gen-

eral school law. If there were less than twenty colored children

in the areas enumerated, they were allowed to attend the com-

mon schools unless there was a written protest filed by some

one having a child in the school. In the latter case they were

not allowed to attend and the property of colored people was

not taxed. At the next session of the legislature in 1849,164 the

law was changed and the authorities in towns, cities, villages and

townships were required to create one or more districts for

colored children if they were not admitted to common schools.

The colored citizens then organized with their own officers and

supported the schools by taxation upon their own property.

CITY AND VILLAGE SCHOOLS

Ohio's growth in population in the early decades of the

nineteenth century was a phenomenal one. In 1800, three years

before statehood, her rank in population was eighteenth. In 1820

she stood fifth in the sisterhood of states, and in the next ten

years the numbers within her borders again almost doubled,

jumping from 581,434 in 1820 to 937,903 in 1830.165

This growth in the early years was almost wholly a rural

one. In 1820 there were only two towns in the state with a pop-

ulation of 1,000 or over; Cincinnati with 9,640, and Dayton,

estimated to have 1,000. Ten years later Cincinnati had grown

to a city of 24,830, Dayton and Columbus were approaching

3,000 each,- 2,950 and 2,435 respectively - while three other

164 O. L., XLVII, 17.

165 Statistical Abstract of U. S., 1911, page 34.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 59

towns, Cleveland, Springfield and Canton, had just passed the

1,000 mark.

In the years from 1830 to 1850 the growth of towns and

cities was a rapid one. Cincinnati had increased to 46,340; Day-

ton, Columbus, and Cleveland had each passed 6,000, and there

were eight other towns in the state with a population of over

2,000 each according to the census reports of 1840; while by 1850

Cincinnati was a thriving metropolis of 115,435, Columbus and

Cleveland were vigorous young cities of 17,000 each, Dayton had

something over 10,000 inhabitants, and Zanesville and Chilli-

cothe were rapidly approaching this number, while fifteen other

centers had attained a population of 3,000 to 6,000 each.¹⁶⁶

The school legislation of the first thirty years of Ohio's

statehood recognized only the district school in the general school

laws that were passed. This was partly a reflection of the rural

character of the state in these early years, and partly a result of

the decentralizing tendency in school affairs that the early set-

tlers had brought with them. It was not until the law of 1838

was passed that any recognition was given to the fact that the

educational needs of cities and towns were not the same as those

of the country districts.

Samuel Lewis speaking to the legislature at this period said:

"In towns and large villages the common schools are poorer than

in the country. In the latter, neighborhoods depend more upon

them, and, of course, take a deeper interest in their control, while

in the former there is too frequently but little attention paid to

these schools by persons able to provide other means of instruc-

tion." 167

A few cities and towns had early felt the inadequacy of the

general laws in providing any suitable system of schools, and

had asked and received special charters from the state. By

1840 a number of municipalities had organized their schools

under special charters, and in the years from 1840 to 1850 there

was a general awakening in the urban communities to the need

of better provision for public schools.

166 U. S. Census Reports, 1830, 1840, 1850.

167Ohio Documents. 36th. G. A. Doc. 17, page 10.

60 Ohio Arch

60 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

This aroused interest was shown in the school charters of

Cincinnati, Toledo, Cleveland, Portsmouth, Zanesville, Dayton,

Columbus, Mt. Vernon, and, finally Akron, and the generaliza-

tion of the "Akron Act" in such form that all municipalities in

the state- of 200 or more - could make use of it.

There was much that was progressive and enlightened for

the period, in the legislation for Ohio's cities and towns from

about 1830 to 1850. The one great lack- found in all Ohio's

School legislation prior to 1850, and for a half century after

that-was the lack of any form of compulsion. The general

applications of the laws for municipalities were wholly per-

missive in character. They simply pointed out ways in which

the schools could be legally established and organized but how-

ever excellent and needed these ways might be, no municipality

was under the slightest compulsion to follow them.

The earliest special legislation for towns is found in the case

of Marietta.l⁶⁸The Legislature in 1825 granted her the right

to vote in town meeting a sum for the support of schools. There

was no further legislation for Marietta until 1841,169 when an

act was passed dividing the town, which had been united into one

district by the law of 1838, into separate districts again, with

three directors for each, and the ordinary rural district system.

Cincinnati.

Cincinnati was the leader in all the early efforts for better

educational conditions. In 1829170 she set an example to the

rest of the state by securing a school charter that gave the city

an organized, tax supported, free system of common schools.

This charter divided the city into ten districts, two for each

ward, and provided for the building in each district of a two-

story building of brick or stone.

The city council was required to provide at the expense of

the city for the support of common schools, and to levy a tax

of one mill on all the property of the city as long as needed to

168 O. L., XXIII, 65.

169O. L., XXXIX, 22.

1700 . L., XXVII, 33.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 61

defray the expense of acquiring sites and erecting buildings, and

an additional tax of one mill for the support of schools.

The voters in each ward elected annually a trustee and

visitor of common schools. The persons so elected constituted

the Board of Trustees and Visitors of Common Schools, and had

general supervision of school affairs. They were authorized to

employ teachers and to visit schools as often as once a month.

They also were to appoint six examiners and inspectors, whose

duty it was to examine and certify teachers, and to visit and in-

spect schools. Once a year a public examination of the schools

was to be given under the direction of the mayor, the Board of

Trustees and Visitors, and the Board of Examiners. The schools

were to be open at least six months of each year, and to be free

to all white children. Black and mulatto children are specifically

excluded. Reading, writing, spelling and arithmetic made up

the curriculum.

While numerous amendments occur, there are few significant

changes before 1850. In 1840171 German schools were estab-

lished, and evening schools provided for "such male youth over

twelve years of age as are prevented by their daily avocation

from attending day schools." The latter schools were to be open

in the months of November, December, January and February.

In 1845172 the trustees were authorized to divide the city

into suitable districts without reference to ward boundaries, and

in 1846173 they were given power to establish such other grade

of schools as might seem necessary and have such other studies

taught therein as they might prescribe. In 1850174 provision was

made for the annual election by the qualified voters of a

"Superintendent of Common Schools, whose duty it shall be to

visit and superintend all the common schools in said city, to es-

tablish courses of study, and perform such other duties as the

Board may prescribe."

171 0. L., XXXVIII, local, 157.

1720. L., XLIII, local, 413.

173 O. L., XLIV, local, 91.

174O. L., XLVIII, local, 662.

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62 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

City of Ohio and Toledo.

In 1836175 and 1837176 the city councils in these two cities

were given general superintendence over the common schools,

with power to divide the city into districts, to erect school build-

ings, and to make provision for the government and instruction

of children therein. It was left wholly optional to the city council

as to what should be done.

Cleveland.

Provision for the government of the Cleveland schools was

included in the city charter, adopted in 1836.177 The provisions

were quite similar to the Cincinnati plan. The council appointed

one person from each ward instead of the voters electing as in

Cincinnati. The people so appointed constituted the Board of

Managers of Common Schools.

In 1848178 the Board of Managers was made five for the

entire city instead of one from each ward, and the council was

authorized to establish a high school, for which purpose the city

was to constitute one high school district.

Portsmouth and Zanesville.

In 1838179 the city charter of Portsmouth was amended to

include most of the provisions of the Cincinnati plan, and in the

following year¹⁸⁰the city of Zanesville secured a charter for the

support of schools that had many similar features. The Zanes-

ville charter provided for the election of six directors to be known

as the Board of Education. The schools were to be kept in

constant operation except for "reasonable vacations," and any

deficiency in funds to keep the schools in constant operation

was raised by a levy upon the parents. The Board was allowed

to exempt indigent students from payment of school fees.

1750. L., XXXIV, local 226.

1760. L., XXXV, local, 32.

1770. L., XXXIV, local, 271.

1780. L., XLVI, local, 150.

1790. L., XXXVI, local, 339.

180 0. L., XXXVII, 194.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 63

General Law for Cities and Towns Before the Akron Act.

The general law of 1838181 made each incorporated city,

town or borough, not specially regulated by charter, a separate

school district. The voters in such a district elected three di-

rectors, who were given corporate authority and power to in-

crease the number of directors so that there might be one for

each sub-district. They were authorized to divide the territory

for which they were responsible and to establish schools of dif-

ferent grades therein. The question of an additional tax to

furnish a school at least six months each year was to be decided

by the vote of the community. The general law, as is so usual

in Ohio legislation, merely pointed the way, but did not attempt

to enforce the organization of city and town schools. The one

compulsory feature that appears occurred the next year, 1839,182

and stated that in towns, cities and boroughs it was the duty of

the directors to provide a sufficient number of night schools for

the male youth over twelve years of age whose "daily avoca-

tion" kept them from attending day schools. While this law

was compulsory in form, there was no machinery devised for

its enforcement.

Dayton, Columbus, and Mt. Vernon.

In 1841183 and 1845184 the cities of Dayton, Columbus and

Mt. Vernon were granted special charters for the government

of their schools. Dayton and Columbus each continued the

principle of school rates in addition to taxation. The schools

were to be kept in constant operation except for vacations, and

any deficiency made up by a levy on the parents. The general

features of control were similar to the Cincinnati plan.

The Mt. Vernon charter retained the district system, and

made each council member a special school director for his ward.

Building taxes were to be collected from the sub-districts in

which the buildings were erected, and were not assessed on the

property of the city in general.

181O. L., XXXVI, 21.

182O. L., XXXVII, 61.

1830. L., XXXIX, local, 145.

184O. L., XLIII, local, 57; 0. L., XLIII, local, 160.

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64 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Akron.

In 1837185 Akron secured school legislation that was espe-

cially significant, as the legislature the following yearl⁸⁶allowed

cities, towns and villages to adopt the provisions of the act and

its amendments, on petition of two-thirds of the voters, and in

1849187 enacted most of its provisions into a general law. By

this means the Akron law became the plan usually followed in

the establishment of graded schools in Ohio. This legislation is

of sufficient importance to merit a brief description of the steps

that were taken in securing it, and the school conditions in Akron

preceding its enactment. The description, with some omissions,

is the one given by Judge Bryan in An Historical Sketch of the

Akron Public Schools.¹⁸⁸.

"In 1846 there were within the incorporated limits of the village

of Akron six hundred and ninety children between the ages of four and

sixteen. Of this number there was an average attendance at the public

and other schools the year through of not more than three hundred and

seventy-five. During the summer of 1846 one of the district schools

was taught in the back-room of a dwelling house. Another was taught

in an uncouth, inconvenient and uncomfortable building gratuitously

furnished by Captain Howe for the use of the district. There were

private schools, but these were taught in rooms temporarily hired and

unsuited for the purpose in many respects. * * * It was, in view of

this state of things, that Reverend I. Jennings, then a young man and

pastor of the Congregational Church of Akron, self-moved, set himself

to reorganize the common schools of Akron. There were many friends

of a better education in the place who co-operated with Mr. Jennings,

and on the 16th day of May, 1846, at a public meeting of the citizens, a

committee was appointed of which he was chairman 'to take into con-

sideration our present educational provisions and the improvement, if any,

which may be made therein.'"

As a result of this interest, a committee of three was ap-

pointed to draw up plans and secure necessary legislation. The

plan of the committee was as follows:

1. Let the whole village be incorporated into one school

district.

185O. L., XLV, local, 187.

186 O. L., XLVI, 48.

187 0. L., XLVII, 22.

188 Historical Sketches, Ohio Public Schools, Akron.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 65

2. Let there be established six primary schools in different

parts of the village so as best to accommodate the whole.

3. Let there be one Grammar School centrally located

where instruction may be given in the various studies and parts

of studies not provided for in the Primary Schools and yet re-

quisite to a respectable English education.

4. Let there be gratuitous admission to each school in the

system for the children of residents, with the following restric-

tions, viz.: No pupil shall be admitted to the Grammar Schools

who fails to sustain a thorough examination in the Primary

School, and the teachers shall have power with the advice of

the superintendents to exclude for misconduct in extreme cases,

and to classify the pupils as the best good of the schools may

seem to require.

5. The expense of establishing and sustaining this system

of schools shall be provided for:

First, By appropriating all the school money the inhabitants

of the village are entitled to, and whatever funds or property

may be at the disposal of the Board for this purpose;

Second, a tax to be levied by the Common Council upon the

taxable property of this village for the balance.

6. Let six superintendents be chosen by the Common Coun-

cil, who shall be charged with perfecting the system thus gen-

erally defined, the bringing of it into operation, and the con-

trol of it when brought into operation. Let the six superin-

tendents be so chosen that the term of office of two of them shall

expire each year.

The essential provisions of the plan adopted by this com-

mittee were incorporated in the law enacted February 8th,

1847.189 The more important features of this law may be sum-

marized as follows:

1. The election of a Board of Education of six members,

which should have full control of school property and school

funds.

2. The incorporation of the city into one school district.

3. Provision for six or more primary schools and one

189 0. L., XLV, local, 187.

Vol. XXVII -5.

66 Ohio Arch

66 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

central grammar school to teach "subjects requisite to a respect-

able English Education."

4. Free admission to all schools.

5. Examinations for promotion, and teachers given the

power to classify pupils.

6. Assessment as a tax by the city council of the amount

estimated by the Board for erecting school-houses and for con-

ducting the schools.

7. All school property vested in the city council.

8. Three examiners appointed by the council.

9. Annual public examinations.

In the original law there was no limit placed on the amount

that might be estimated as necessary for school expense by the

Board of Education, and the law directed the council to levy

the estimate as a tax. In 1848190 in order to make a concession

that would meet the objection of the property owners who op-

posed this feature, the maximum tax that might be raised in any

one year for current expense was placed at four mills. The

power of making the levy was taken from the council and placed

in the hands of the Board of Education, which reported its

estimate direct to the county auditor, who was directed to assess

the amount in the same manner as other taxes.

On February 14, 1848,191 the act was extended to any in-

corporated town, city or borough in the state upon petition of

two-thirds of the qualified voters. This required too large a

majority to allow the act to be adopted in localities where there

was not an overwhelming sentiment in favor of better school

conditions, and in the following year¹⁹² a general act was passed

for cities and towns which might be adopted by a majority vote.

The main provisions of this act were similar to the Akron laws,

as may be seen by inspection of its chief features.

1. Any incorporated city, town or village including within

its limits and the territory attached, for school purposes, two

hundred inhabitants might organize into a single school district.

1900. L., XLVI, local, 46.

1910. L., XLVI, 48.

1920. L., XLVII, 32.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 67

2. The question of adopting the law to be decided by a

majority vote of the community.

3. A Board of Education of six members elected by the

voters.

4. Building expenses and purchase of sites to be decided

by popular vote. When so decided and reported to the county

auditor, the amount to be levied as a tax upon the property of

the community.

5. Primary and graded schools provided for. No language

other than English or German to be taught.

6. Schools to be free to all children in the district.

7. Schools to be kept in operation not less than thirty-six

nor more than forty-four weeks each year.

8. Board of Education to estimate the amount needed for

running expenses not to exceed a four mill tax annually. Auditor

to levy the amount estimated as a tax.

9. If the amount raised is insufficient to keep the schools

open thirty-six weeks, the balance to be raised by school rates

on the parents. Indigent pupils exempt from such rates.

10. A Board of three examiners to be appointed by the

school board.

In 1850193 the provisions of this act were extended to town-

ships and to special districts, provided such township or district

had five hundred inhabitants. The question of the adoption of

the law was left as in the case of towns to the majority vote

of the territory interested.

By far the most interesting and significant feature in the

educational legislation of Ohio in the years just preceding 1850

are these laws passed for towns and cities. They indicate an

awakening in the urban districts to the need of universal free

education. Cincinnati had pointed the way to the other cities

of the state since 1829, and had been followed by a considerable

number of municipalities. The law passed for the benefit of

Akron came when the social consciousness of towns and cities

was ready for it, and the legislature responded to this sentiment

by allowing communities to adopt its provisions, at first by a

193O. L., XLVIII, 50.

68 Ohio Arch

68 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

majority of two-thirds, but within a year by a simple majority.¹⁹⁴

The state made possible a town or city system that, on the whole,

was an excellent system for the period, but the question of or-

ganizing under the system was left wholly to the educational in-

terests or municipal pride of the individual communities.

194Not all towns that adopted it were satisfied. Between 1847 and

1850 three special acts were passed repealing the provisions of the Akron

law in the case of three towns that adopted it. Seven other special acts

for schools in towns and cities were passed in these three years to meet

the desires of municipalities that wished certain different features.

CHAPTER III

SCHOOL LANDS

An enormous mass of legislation was passed by the General

Assembly of Ohio, between the years 1803 and 1850, concern-

ing the state school lands. Many of these laws were general in

character, many applied to large individual tracts such as the

Western Reserve, the Virginia Military Reserve, the United

States Military Lands, and the Ohio Co. and Symmes Purchase,

and in addition to these there were approximately five hundred

that were wholly local or special in their application.

A brief description of the more important of these reserves

and purchases, some explanation of the various systems of sur-

vey used in Ohio, an account of the varying nature of the school

grant in these different divisions, and a study of the accompany-

ing maps and diagrams is an almost necessary prerequisite to

any clear understanding of this legislation.

The most important of these grants, with their total acreage,

including the school lands, are as follows: 1

A cres.

The Virginia Military Reserve..................... 4,204,800

The W estern Reserve.............................. 3,840,000

The U. S. M ilitary Lands.......................... 2,560,000

The Ohio Company's Purchase ..................... 1,227,168

The Symmes Purchase............................. 311,682

In addition to these there were a number of smaller tracts,

but the names of only two of them appear in the discussion of

the school land legislation. These two were the Refugee Tract,

138,240 acres, and the Moravian Tract,^{2 1}2,000 acres.

Over 12,000,000 acres were included in these various special

districts. The remaining portions of the state were known as

1Ohio Statistics. 1885. The Land and Township System of Ohio.

A. A. Graham. Pages 22, 23, 25, 29.

2History of Public Permanent School Funds in the U. S., F. H.

Swift, page 370.

(69)

70 Ohio Arch

70 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 71

72 Ohio Arch

72 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Congress Lands, and belonged to the Federal Government.³ That

portion of the government land which lay on the eastern border

of the state, just south of the Western Reserve was the first to

be surveyed into townships, and was commonly spoken of as

The Seven Ranges, because seven ranges of townships west from

the Pennsylvania line were included in this first survey.⁴

It has already been pointed out that a state wide grant of

land for school purposes began with Ohio's admission as a state,

and that the precedent thus established has been followed in ad-

mitting all the later states.⁵It is also true that the rectangular

method of laying out townships, with meridian lines, sections,

towns and ranges was first practiced in the Ohio surveys,⁶and

the method here established became, too, the universal practice

in all subsequent government surveys.

Two great American inventions were thus first tried in

Ohio, the state wide grant of school lands, and the rectangular

method of survey into six mile square townships, with thirty-

six sections, of one mile square, in each. Ohio was not only the

first state to receive section 167 as a school grant, it was the first

state to have any section 16.

The surveys in Ohio, however were not all of them uniform

in the method of laying out and subdividing the townships. The

Seven Ranges, as has been said, were first surveyed. The town-

ships here were laid out six miles square, and divided into thirty-

six sections, each one mile square, but the numbering of the sec-

tions differs from that in the later surveys. The numbering was

that shown on page 71, diagram 1. Section one is located in

The Indians still had title to lands in the state. Most of these

titles were vested in the Government by 1817, but the last titles were not

stilled until 1842. Ohio Statistics. 1885, page 28.

4Ibid. Page 20.

5 See page 13.

6Western Reserve Hist. Soc. Tracts. Vol. II. Page 188.

7 Section 16 was the section reserved for school purposes in each

township, in the "Congress Lands" of Ohio and in the Ohio Co. and

Symmes purchases. The precedent established has been followed in all

the later states and Section 16 has regularly been the school section.

Since 1848 with the admission of Oregon, Section 36 has been added to

the school grant.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 73

the lower south-east corner of the township, and the sections

are numbered upward, in tiers of six, from the base line of the

township. This method of laying out townships and numbering

sections was also used in the Ohio Co. and Symmes Purchases.

In the Western Reserve and the U. S. Military Lands the

townships were laid out in five mile squares instead of six, and

at first were not surveyed into sections but simply divided into

four 20,000 acre blocks in each township and these numbered

as shown in the diagram on page 71.

The Virginia Military District is the only part of Ohio in

which the rectangular system of survey was not employed. The

early settlers here chose each "for himself his lands, locating

them by any natural boundary, however irregular it might be,

taking care only to get the full amount of land demanded by the

warrants." 8 "This led to no regular survey, and, as a conse-

quence, an irregularity in township and county lines followed,

which were generally based on the boundaries of the warrants."

The rest of the state was made up of Congress Lands, and

in all of these the method of survey was that of the six-mile

square township, and the division into sections. The manner

of numbering the sections was changed from that in the Seven

Ranges and in the Ohio Co. and Symmes Purchases.

Section one in these lands is located in the upper right hand

corner,- the northeast corner,- of the township and the sec-

tions are numbered to the west and east alternately, number six

lying in the northwest corner of the township, and section seven

located just beneath section six and numbering back to the east

again, as shown in the diagram on page 71.

This method of numbering was settled by federal legisla-

tion in 17999 and has remained the same since that time.

The Land Ordinance of 178510 "for ascertaining the mode

8Ohio Statistical Abstract. Page 25. The statements concerning the

surveys in Ohio are in the main based on A. A. Graham's article on the

Land and Township System of Ohio. Ohio Statistics. 1885. Pp. 18-29,

and Col. Charles Whittlesey's discussions on Surveys of Public Land in

Ohio. Western Reserve Hist. Soc. Tracts. Vol. II. Pp. 187-191 and

281-286.

9Western Reserve Historical Society Tracts. Vol. II. Page 282

10T. Donaldson, The Public Domain. Chap. 13.

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74 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

of disposing of lands in the Western Territory," provided that

"there shall be reserved the lot No. 16 of every township for

the maintenance of public schools within said township."

In accordance with this provision, as has been seen, section

16 was reserved for schools in both the Ohio Co. and Symmes

Purchases. In these two tracts there is also found a reserva-

tion for religion as well as for education, a thing not true else-

where in the state. As a part of the bargain in the purchase of

these lands section 29 in each township was granted by the gov-

ernment to the purchasers, for religious purposes, and these

sections have ever since been known as the Ministerial Lands.

When Ohio was admitted to the Union the provisions of

the ordinance of 1785, concerning school lands, were carried

out as fully as possible in the rest of the state. In all of the

Congress Lands section 16 in each township was permanently

reserved for the schools of the township. It was not in the

power of Congress to grant section 16 in such tracts as the

Western Reserve, the Virginia Military Reserve, and the U. S.

Military Lands. These lands either did not belong to the Fed-

eral Government or there were prior claims and unsatisfied land

warrants that stood in the way of any such granting of specific

sections. The United States did not own the land on the West-

ern Reserve, and in the case of the so-called Military Lands, the

private ownership of much of the land, through the taking up

of land scrip or bounties by the soldiers of the Revolution, in

the service of the Federal Government and Virginia, might con-

flict in any township.

For this reason the assigning of school land in these por-

tions of the state could not take the form of reserving section

16 in each township. Some other method of setting aside one-

thirty-sixth part of the land for the use of the schools in these

regions had to be devised.

The land originally reserved for schools in the Virginia

Military Lands was, in amount, one-thirty-sixth of the entire

tract, to be selected by the legislature of Ohio from the unlocated

lands, after the warrants issued by the state of Virginia had

been satisfied.11

11U. S. Statutes at large, Vol. 11, 225.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 75

In 180712 Congress, in response to a petition from the state

legislature,13 appropriated eighteen quarter townships and three

sections in lieu of the original grant. These new lands, how-

ever, were not located within the Reserve itself but to the north-

east, between the Western Reserve and the U. S. Military Re-

serve. This territory was in Congress Lands, title to which

had been purchased from the Indians.

In two very significant ways a grant of this kind differed

from the grant of section 16 in each township. In the first

place; an assignment of this character could not be made for

the township individually, but had to be for the schools of the

Virginia Military Reserve as a whole. Secondly; the school

lands were at a distance, and not something immediately at hand

and under the observation of all as in the case of section 16 in

each township. Something of this same sort was true in the

case of each of the other large reserves, and this was bound to

be reflected in some differences in legislation concerning these

various grants.

The land reserved for the U. S. Military tract14 was simi-

larly assigned by quarter-townships, but the reservation was

made within the U. S. Military Lands themselves. The amount

of the grant in this case was fourteen quarter-townships. It

must be remembered in comparing this grant or that of the

Western Reserve with those of other parts of the state that

the townships in these two regions contain only twenty-five

square miles, as compared with thirty-six elsewhere.

The school lands first selected for the Western Reserve

consisted of fourteen quarter-townships, not located in the Re-

serve itself, but in the U. S. Military Lands. To this was added

by the act of Congress in 183415 land that amounted to 37,758

acres, to be selected from the unlocated lands of the United

States within the state, by sections, half-sections, and quarter-

sections. This additional grant of 1834 was in lieu of one-

thirty-sixth part of that land in the Western Reserve, which be-

12 Nashee's Compilation, page 157.

130. L., Vol. V, 132.

14U. S. Statutes at large, Vol. II, 225.

15 Ibid., Vol. IV, 679.

76 Ohio Arch

76 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

longed to the Indian tribes when Ohio was admitted, but the

Indian title to which had been extinguished in 1805.

The Moravian Tract, mentioned once or twice in the legis-

lation, was a comparatively small reserve of 12,000 acres in

Tuscarawas County, originally granted by Congress to the So-

ciety of United Brethren, in trust for Christian Indians. These

lands reverted to the United States in 1824, and in the same

year Congress¹⁶set aside one-thirty-sixth part of the tract for

the use of schools.

The location of the more important of these various tracts

can be most easily gained by consulting the map on page 70.

The Western Reserve is a strip of land on the northern

boundary of the state approximately thirty-five miles wide and

one hundred and twenty miles long, extending west from the

Pennsylvania border. It was this land, which Connecticut

claimed, and to which she refused to cede her interests when

the other states were yielding their claims in the Northwest Ter-

ritory to the United States, that was known as the Connecticut

Western Reserve, or more generally, simply as the Western

Reserve.

The Virginia Military District is located between the Scioto

and Little Miami Rivers, projecting to the northward consider-

ably past the middle of the state. It takes its name from the

fact that this portion of the state was "reserved by Virginia

from her cession of the territory northwest of the Ohio River,

for the satisfaction of land bounties issued to her troops upon

Continental establishment."17

The United States had also set aside a large tract of land

to be used in paying the claims of her soldiers in the Revolu-

tionary War. This reservation was known as the United States

Military Lands, and is located just a little to the west and north

of the center of the state.

It is a section of the state fifty miles in width on its western

border, beginning at the northern line of the original Seven

Ranges of townships first surveyed, and following the western

boundary of the Seven Ranges fifty miles south. Its southern

16 Ibid., Vol. IV, 56.

17Taylor, Ohio School System, page 83.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 77

boundary extends from this point directly west to the Scioto

River, while on the west the Scioto itself is the natural barrier;

on the north it is bounded by the Greenville Treaty Line (the

old Indian boundary line), running from the Scioto back to the

Seven Ranges.18

In all these grants the purpose and intent of Congress was

that the land should be for the use of schools in the particular

township in which section 16 was located, or where it was im-

possible to grant section 16, that the lands should be for the

use of the particular area for which the grant was made.

The care of the lands was vested in the legislature of the

state, for the use of the particular townships and districts in-

terested.* Some explanation for the excessive amount of legis-

lation concerning these lands is found if one keeps clearly in

mind the terms of the original grant, and the ever present tend-

ency of the Ohio legislature, to allow communities so far as it

could legally be done, to conduct their own affairs.

In all the school land legislation passed in Ohio during this

period, the legislature, formally at least, guarded against any

diversion of the money received from these lands, but largely

followed the desire of the local township or territory as to the

handling of the lands, after setting up the formal legal guards.

The lands were not regarded, and were not intended, as a grant

to the state at large, and it is perhaps only natural that an at-

tempt should have been made to carry out the desires of the

townships and districts to which the lands were felt to belong.

Added to this there was the disposition to be lenient with the

early settlers on the lands. No doubt, justice was not done to

the cause of education, but it must be remembered that the

schools had no advocate, while the petitioner asking special

privileges or terms in regard to the sale or lease of lands was

a concrete fact with concrete desires and needs, and the legis-

lature doubtless felt that it had done its whole duty if the terms

of the grant were formally protected.

Certain general policies of handling the lands may be out-

lined before discussing the legislation in greater detail.

16Ibid., page 85.

* Nashee's Compilation, pages 154, 155.

78 Ohio Arch

78 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

The policy of temporary leasing, 1803 to 1817.

The policy of permanent leasing, 1817 to 1823.

Preparation for selling the lands; temporary leasing, 1823

to 1827.

The policy of selling the lands outright, 1827 to 1850.

The evident intent of the first acts concerning school lands

was to devise a means of making them productive and valuable,

and to keep the lands themselves as a permanent source of

revenue.

On April 15, 1803,19 the legislature passed an act that pro-

vided for leasing Section No. 16 for a term that was not to ex-

ceed seven years, and the lands in the United States Military

Tract, which included both the grants to that tract and to the

Western Reserve, for a period not to exceed fifteen years.

The rent was to be paid by certain specified improvements.

On each quarter section (160 acres) fifteen acres were to be

cleared and fenced in separate fields, five acres were to be sowed

in timothy or red clover, three acres to be planted with one hun-

dred thrifty and growing apple trees, and the remaining seven

acres prepared for plow land. The leasing was to be carried

on by agents in the several counties or districts appointed by the

Governor, and the leases were to be granted to those who guar-

anteed to make the required improvements in the shortest period

of time.

The intention was to attract settlers who were unable to

buy land or pay rent, and have them by their labor turn the

school land into an attractive and productive piece of property,

which would command a definite revenue. The difficulty with

the plan from the lessees' standpoint, was that just at the time

the land became productive, he must either move or begin to

pay rent for improvements which he himself had made. With

land cheap and abundant on every hand and terms easy, the

ambitious and desirable settlers were not attracted by a proposi-

tion that did not allow them to keep the land on which they

settled, and the improvements which they had themselves made.

The results were evidently not satisfactory, for on February

19O. L., I, 61.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 79

20, 1805,20 an act was passed giving the township trustees author-

ity to lease the lands in their respective townships for a term not

to exceed fifteen years to those who made the most "advan-

tageous proposals." This was followed in 180621 by an act

which allowed any surveyed township in which there were

twenty electors to incorporate and choose trustees for the special

management of Section No. 16. The section was to be laid off

in lots of eighty to two hundred acres, and not more than one

lot could be leased by any one person. It was made the duty

of the trustees to guard against waste and to see that the terms

of the lease were complied with. The provisions of these acts

left the management of the lands and the terms of leasing wholly

in the hands of the township, except for the fact that a fifteen-

year term could not be exceeded and not more nor less than a

specified amount leased to any one person.

None of the acts so far had made any provision for the

land granted to the Virginia Military Tract for the use of schools.

It will be remembered that this consisted of some eighteen town-

ships lying outside the district and not located so that it could

be locally managed.

By an act passed in 180922 these lands were offered for sale

to the highest bidder at a minimum price of two dollars per

acre, the purchaser receiving a ninety-nine year lease, renewable

forever, with no provision for revaluation. It was the evident

design to sell these lands out at once and create a fund, the pro-

ceeds from which might be available for school purposes when

needed.²³The act provided that the lands were to be adver-

tised in four newspapers within the state, and newspapers at

Pittsburg and Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and Wheeling, Virginia.

The purchaser was to pay down the sum charged against

each quarter section for the expense of surveying and offering

the land for sale, and on the purchase price yearly interest of

20O. L., III, 230.

21O. L., IV, 66.

22O. L., VII, 109.

The money received was to be paid into the state treasury sub-

ject to appropriation by the state until it should be appropriated for the

use of schools in the district. 0. L., XIII, 307.

80 Ohio Arch

80 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

six per cent forever. Succeeding legislatures were given the

right to make such commutations as they might deem expedient.

This clause was evidently intended to leave the way open for

legislation that would permit a cash payment in lieu of the six

per cent annual rental.

The terms were made still easier for the purchaser by the

act of 1810,24 which provided that the amount paid down on

each quarter section should be ten dollars (to pay for survey-

ing, advertising, etc.), and that the six per cent interest should

not begin until five years from the date of sale. The postpone-

ment of interest money for five years was doubtless made to

meet the competition of United States land offered for sale

within the state on easy terms and with taxes deferred for the

first five years after purchase. Each purchaser was required by

this act to build a cabin and clear three acres of land within

three years.

In the same year²⁵an act was passed allowing the township

trustees to receive either money or produce as rent from Section

16, and requiring the lessee to make such improvements as the

trustees thought proper, and in 181426 it was made illegal for

any lessee of school lands to act as township trustee or treasurer.

This covers the main features of the land policy during the

period of temporary leasing. Beginning with ¹⁸¹⁶²⁷ in the Vir-

ginia Military Tract, and 181728 in the rest of the state, the

policy was inaugurated of granting permanent leases with a

revaluation of the lands at stated periods.

The policy of selling the Virginia Military lands was

changed, for the lands that were still unsold. The Governor

was to appoint "three disinterested persons to appraise them"

and a register under a bond of ten thousand dollars was ap-

pointed to lease them. The leases ran for ninety-nine years,

renewable forever, but the law provided that they were to be

revalued in 1835 and each twenty years after that date, the

rental to be six per cent on the appraised value, payable annually.

24O. L., VIII, 253.

25 0. L., VIII, 100.

260. L., XIII, 295.

27 O. L., XIV, 418.

28O. L., XV, 202.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 81

This principle, with certain changes in details, was adopted

the following year, 1817, for the rest of the state,²⁹ with the

exception of the Western Reserve school lands. Those who

held school lands under temporary leases were allowed to ob-

tain permanent leases by making application to the county com-

missioners in the following manner: they must first present a

certificate signed by the township trustees that they had com-

plied with their present lease, and second, the consent in writing

of the trustees of the organized township and of a majority of

the citizens in unorganized townships to the granting of a per-

manent lease in the place of a temporary one. The land was

then appraised by three appraisers appointed by the county

commissioners and the value of all improvements made a part

of the appraised estimate (improvements under temporary

leases were a part of the rental paid). The township trustees

were then authorized to grant leases for ninety-nine years, re-

newable forever, at the rate of six per cent annually, and with

a revaluation each thirty-three years. The same method was

followed in the case of unoccupied lands, excepting the pro-

vision concerning compliance with the former lease.

In unorganized townships the county commissioners had

charge of the leasing, and in the United States Military district

the Court of Common Pleas. When land was revalued, it was

to be appraised at the rate of unimproved land of the same

quality in the vicinity. The appraiser was to consider only the

general advance in land prices and not the value that had been

added by the labor of the lessee.

Another act passed in 182130 directed that land in the United

State Military Tract appraised at less than one dollar an acre

should not be leased, and confirmed the principle of permanent

leasing with minor changes in details of administration. Im-

provements made by settlers in this district were included in

the valuation at the first appraisal after this date, being con-

sidered as a part of the rental on the temporary leases held by

such settlers. These laws for permanent leasing at no time

applied to the school lands belonging to the Western Reserve.

29O. L., XV, 202.

30O . L., XIX, 61.

Vol. XXVII- 6.

82 Ohio Arch

82 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

While the general policy of ninety-nine year leases with a

revaluation at stated periods began in the years 1816 and 1817,

there had been many individual leases of this type legalized by

special legislative action. It was not, therefore, a totally new

departure. Prior to 1817 twenty-five local acts had been passed

by the legislature legalizing permanent leases for portions of

the school land in various localities, and in the leasing of the min-

isterial lands, Section 29, in the Symmes' and Ohio Company's

purchase, this plan had been adopted as early as 1806.31

The first school land to be so leased was the section be-

longing to the town of Marietta in 1808.³²From this time until

it became a general policy, the wishes or needs of various com-

munities were met by these special legislative actions. It is

interesting to note that in ten of the twenty-five acts so passed,

the reason assigned is the establishment of a flour mill, sawmill,

or similar industry. In these cases Section 16 evidently fur-

nished desirable mill sites and water power, but lessees were

unwilling to erect mills, so essential to newly settled communi-

ties, without some guarantee of permanence.

In general the policy of permanent leasing was found un-

desirable. From the present standpoint, it can be seen that if

persisted in and the leasing and revaluation carefully managed,

it would have preserved to the state a school property of enor-

mous value, which would eventually have produced an income

far in excess of the method of selling the lands and funding

the proceeds. From the standpoint of the men of that time it

was found undesirable because it did not succeed in producing

any adequate revenue then for the schools. Land was abundant

and cheap. Money for the support of schools was scarce. The

state was rapidly filling up,³³but desirable settlers preferred to

obtain land in fee simple. It doubtless appeared to those most

friendly towards schools and education that it would be more

desirable to take advantage of the opportunity to sell, getting

the best terms possible and assuring to the schools some definite

31O. L., IV, 33.

320. L., VI, 96.

33See page 10.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 83

support from the grant that had been made. Up to this time

the actual revenue derived from the lands had been very small.³⁴

Caleb Atwater of Cincinnati, a warm friend of the schools,

as chairman of a committee in the Lower House, said in a re-

port to the Assembly in 1822: "From all the committee have

been able to learn it would seem³⁵that more money has been

expended by the state in legislating concerning these lands than

they have yet or ever will produce, unless some other method

of managing them be devised than any hitherto pursued. * * *

The committee are impressed with the belief that unless these

lands are soon sold * * * no good and much evil will

accrue to the state from the grant of these lands by Congress."

He was not alone in his opinion. A memorial addressed to

Congress by the General Assembly in the same year,³⁶speaking

of school lands in general in the West, said that these lands

have as yet been very unproductive, and while the legislatures

of the states in which they are situated are restricted by the

conditions attached to these grants they must ever be so. In-

deed, it may well be doubted whether more money has not been

spent than the whole amount derived from the lands.

The legislature at this session was evidently impressed by

Atwater's report and convinced that the policy of leasing under

any of the plans tried was a failure. The lands belonging to the

Western Reserve were still being leased on temporary leases

with a maximum of fifteen years' duration. Throughout the

rest of the state the policy of permanent leasing was the author-

ized method.

The unleased lands belonging to the Western Reserve were

first withdrawn from leasing. This act, passed January 21,

1822,³⁷ forbade any further leasing of unoccupied lands, and

allowed occupied lands to be released not longer than to April

1, 1826. The following year, January 27, 1823,38 the legisla-

84 Atwater, speaking of the first eighteen years of the state's history,

said: "Scarcely a dollar was ever paid over to the people for whose

benefit the land had been given." Atwater, History of Ohio, page 253.

35Ibid. Page 258.

36O. L., XX, 64.

370. L., XX, 34.

38O. L., XXI, 33.

84 Ohio Arch

84 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

ture authorized the surrender of leases for school lands through-

out the entire state, and forbade the granting of any new leases

for a period of one year. The intent of this law was evidently

not to compel a surrender of leases, but to provide a way in

which they might be legally terminated at the desire of the

lessee, with a prospect of sale in fee simple at some future time.

This same act directed the various county auditors and the

to make a complete report to the auditor of state showing: "the

whole amount of school lands in each county, what proportion

is leased, what is vacant, how the lands are divided, distinguish-

ing each tract by the number of acres, range, township, section

and quarter, showing what parts are leased, what rent is reserved

on each tract leased, how long the lease is to run, whether re-

newable, and if so, whether subject to reappraisement."

It is evident that neither the legislature nor any state officer

knew just what the situation was in regard to school lands

throughout the state. This lack of information was the natural

result of the various policies adopted for handling the lands.

In organized townships the township trustees were in charge of

the leasing and in unorganized townships the county commis-

sioners. In the United States Military District the Court of

Common Pleas supervised the leasing of both the lands reserved

for that district and those belonging to the Western Reserve,

while in the Virginia Military District a land officer, appointed

by the General Assembly, was in charge. There was no cen-

tral office or body which had general supervision except the

legislature itself. This body now felt the necessity of a general

change of policy, but found that it lacked information as to

what had already been done.

The cessation of leasing and the acquiring of the infor-

mation desired prepared the way for this general change in

policy. It was felt that more advantageous results could be

obtained by selling the lands outright, but there was doubt in

the minds of the legislators as to the authority of the state to

permit the lands to be disposed of in this way. By the terms

of the original grant, the lands had been set aside for the use

of schools in the particular townships and districts forever.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 85

While the general management of the trust was vested in the

legislature, it seemed doubtful if actual alienation of the lands

was originally contemplated, even though the funds should be

permanently invested for the use of schools.

In 182439 a carefully phrased memorial was submitted to

Congress, asking, first, for an additional grant of land for the

use of schools in the Western Reserve,⁴⁰and second, that Con-

gress confirm the right of the state of Ohio to sell the school

lands. As an indication of the sentiment of the time it is an

interesting document. It shows first that the general attitude

of the state toward the grant from the United States was that

the lands had been ceded by the United States in return for

certain concessions made by Ohio, and second, the difficulties

that inhered in the attempt to derive a revenue from the lands

themselves. The memorial argues that the original grants were

in the nature of a compact made with the state and were

"granted upon full consideration arising from the increased value

of the remaining lands belonging to the United States and also

from the relinquishment, on the part of the state of Ohio, of

the right to tax the lands of the United States within the state

of Ohio until five years after the sale thereof."

"That it was the intention of the parties to the compact

aforesaid that one-thirty-sixth part of all the lands within the

state of Ohio should be granted to the people thereof for the

use of common schools, and should be placed under the control

of the legislature" and that the state is of right entitled to the

additional grant for the Western Reserve.

The memorial goes on to say that in relation to the lands

already appropriated, the legislature "have resorted to various

methods of rendering them productive, and, in particular, that

of leasing them to such individuals as have applied therefor;

390. L., XXII, local, 153.

40 When the original grant was made for the Western Reserve no

lands were set aside for the use of schools in the lands then held by the

Indian tribes within the Reserve. When the Indian title was extinguished,

Ohio immediately asked for an additional grant equal to one thirty-sixth

part of the land so held. This grant was finally made by Congress in

1834.⁴¹

41U. S. Statutes at large, Vol. IV, 679.

86 Ohio Arch

86 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

that experience has fully demonstrated that this fund will be

wholly unavailing in their hands in its present shape." That

to accomplish the objects contemplated "the legislature should

possess unlimited control over the lands" with the power of dis-

posing of them in fee.

"The objections which are urged against the present mode

of administering that fund are in the first place that by reason

of the facilities which the state of Ohio affords for acquiring

property in real estate, a necessity exists of leasing the lands

to persons almost destitute of pecuniary means whereby the

avails of these lands are rendered, at least, uncertain. In con-

sequence also, that as these lands are detached over the whole

of the state of Ohio, the expense which must necessarily be in-

curred by creating a superintendence over them, renders them

less productive than your memorialists conceive they might be

rendered if the lands were sold and the proceeds concentrated

in one fund."

"The fact, also, before adverted to, that these lands must

necessarily be entrusted to the possession of those of the lowest

class of the community, and who possess no permanent interest

in the soil, has produced a waste upon these lands of their timber

and otherwise, equal perhaps to the whole revenue which may

have been derived from them."

The memorial recites further that the method of leasing

"will invite and retain a population within her boundaries of a

character not to be desired and in amount so great as to create

an evil which can only be conceived of in a country where every

individual possessing a very moderate portion of industry and

economy may, within a single year, appropriate to himself in fee

a quantity of land sufficient to furnish means of support for an

ordinary family."

The memorial continues by saying "that these evils arise

wholly from the system of granting leases and are such as can

not be remedied by legislative action, if, as some have supposed,

the state have not the power, under the terms of the original

grant, of disposing of these lands in fee." The memorialists

believe that the state has the right, but "they are of the opinion

that an act of the Congress of the United States declaratory of

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 87

the extent of the grant aforesaid will be productive of much

benefit in case the legislature of the state should hereafter de-

termine to dispose of the same; that it will have the full effect

of removing the doubt in the minds of the purchasers and

thereby enhance the price which will be obtained for the same."

They therefore asked Congress to grant them the right to

dispose of the lands in fee, the proceeds to be invested in a per-

manent fund, the income of which should be applied for the

use of common schools in the townships or districts to which

the lands were originally granted, provided that Section 16

should not be sold without the consent of the inhabitants of the

township to which the land belonged.

Congress passed the desired legislation February 1, 1826,42

and on January 27, 1827,43 the legislature passed an act direct-

ing each township in the state possessing school land to vote

upon the question of its sale, and also authorizing the inhabi-

tants of the United States Military District⁴⁴and the Virginia

Military District⁴⁵to decide the same question. Legislation

authorizing a vote on the Western Reserve⁴⁶was not passed

until the following year.

In the meantime the policy of special legislation to meet

local needs had continued. From 1817 to 1823,⁴⁷ the period of

permanent leasing, twenty-one local acts had been passed mak-

ing special provisions for leasing or extending the time for

making payments on leases, and from 1823 to 1827, eleven more

acts were passed authorizing the revaluation of lands leased,

changing the conditions for lessees, or authorizing short time

leases, etc.

The general policy inaugurated by the legislation of 1827

and 1828 remained the policy of the state until 1850, though

certain changes were made correcting some of the more unde-

sirable features.

⁴²U. S. Statutes at large, Vol. IV, 138.

430. L., XXV, 26.

440. L., XXV, 103.

45 0. L., XXV, 45.

46O. L., XXVI, 135.

47O. L., XIX, 35, 72, 75, are examples

88 Ohio Arch

88 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

The legislation of 1827 provided that the townships or dis-

tricts interested should decide upon the sale of their school lands

and described the method by which the sale was to be made in

case the vote was favorable. It did not actually authorize the

sale. This was to be done after the vote was taken by addi-

tional acts of the legislature, or in the case of the United States

Military District by proclamation of the Governor. The pro-

visions governing the sale were as follows: land that was un-

occupied was to be appraised by the county assessor. The land

was then advertised and offered for sale to the highest bidder by

the county auditor. No bid could be received for less than

appraised value. Payments were made to the county treasurer,

and the money received by him was deposited with the state

treasurer to the credit of the township or district to which it

had belonged. When the money was all paid the purchaser re-

ceived a deed from the state.

It was in the legislation concerning the occupied lands that

the greatest loss occurred to the state. Holders of permanent

leases were allowed to surrender their leases, and by the pay-

ment of the appraised value upon which it had been originally

leased receive a deed in fee simple. The terms of payment were

easy, running over periods of seven to ten years, and by subse-

quent legislation further extended in many cases.

The following year, 1828,48 the legislature authorized sales

to be made in thirty-nine counties in which the vote had been

favorable. From this time until 1850 there was a constant suc-

cession of local acts authorizing sales in various townships and

counties; making provisions for leasing lands where the assent

was not given to the sale; authorizing revaluation of lands where

lessees thought the original valuation was too high, or the town-

ships considered it too low; giving additional time in which to

make the payments due; and in general enacting various laws

that had only local application. Between 1827 and 1850 ap-

proximately four hundred such laws were passed. In 182849

those townships that had not voted to sell their school lands

were authorized to lease it for periods of not less than three

48 0. L., XXVI, local, 4.

49O. L., XXVI, 80.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 89

years for improved lands nor seven years for unimproved lands.

In case the consent of the townships had been given and the

lands remained unsold, they might be leased from year to year

on the best terms obtainable. The entire arrangement and re-

sponsibility was placed in the hands of the township trustees.

In 1838,50 largely through the influence of Samuel Lewis, the

State Superintendent of Schools, the practice of allowing the

holders of permanent leases to surrender their leases, and by

payment of the first appraised value, receive a deed in fee simple,

was stopped, and by an act of 1843,51 such surrender was au-

thorized only upon the land being reappraised and the amount

of its new valuation paid. From 183952 on it was a common

practice to include a minimum price below which the land could

not be sold, and in 184553 a general act was passed forbidding

the sale of any school land in the state for less than five dollars

an acre. This concludes the main features of the legislation on

this subject from 1803 to 1850.

Summary.

The first attempt of the legislature was to preserve the

lands and make them productive through a system of short term

leases, which provided for the payment of rents through improve-

ments made upon the lands. This system was followed until

1817 with the exception of the land belonging to the Virginia

Military District.

The system of temporary leasing was found unsatisfactory

and in 1817 the state embarked on the policy of authorizing per-

manent leases with a revaluation of lands at periods of thirty

to thirty-five years. This system also proved unsatisfactory in

practice.

From 1827 on the state legalized the sale of school lands

in fee simple, but allowed the local community to decide whether

the lands should be sold, and in case they were not, the manage-

ment was left in the hands of the township trustees, with certain

50O. L., XXXVI, 33.

51 0. L., XLI, 20.

520. L., XXXVII, local, 88.

530. L., XLV, 58.

90 Ohio Arch

90 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

limitations as to the length of time for which leases might be

granted. The money from lands sold was paid through the

county treasurer's office into the office of the state treasurer and

placed at the disposal of the state, the state pledging itself to

pay a six per cent annual interest upon the moneys so deposited

for the use of the schools of the township or territory to which

the land had belonged. The revenue from leased land was

handled directly by the township trustees and apportioned among

the school districts of the townships. The basis of apportion-

ment in each case was the number of white unmarried youth

between the ages of four and twenty-one. During the whole

period the legislature heeded local needs and wishes through local

and special legislation.

The results of the system, or lack of system, entailed great

loss. This loss was not due primarily to the leasing of the lands

or the selling of them, but to the fact that the state had no

central office whose business it was to oversee the lands and

know exactly what the conditions were in regard to them, and

to see that the laws in force were obeyed. The legislature was

a changing body. It lacked necessary information for intelligent

action in many cases, and it attempted to meet local conditions

without complete knowledge of the facts.

The chief specific points in the general policy that resulted

in loss were:

First. That of allowing permanent lessees whose lands had

been appraised during the period from 1817 to 182354 to sur-

render their leases and obtain deeds by paying the original ap-

praisal value. This policy was followed until 1838.

Second.⁵⁵The policy of local appraisal. This might or

might not work well. It depended wholly on the appraisers

chosen. It was found necessary to forbid by law any appraiser

purchasing land.

54"Cases have come to my knowledge where land has been taken at

six dollars per acre worth at the time fifty dollars. * * * The tenants

to be sure make their fortunes, but the schools are sacrificed." Ohio

Doc. 36th G. A. Doc. 17, page 41.

55"In one very aggravated case the assessor was a lessee on the

land." Ibid. Doc. 17, page 41.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 91

Third. That no minimum price was placed upon the school

lands until 1845.56

Fourth. The policy of local control in leasing and of special

or local legislation. Where the school sentiment was high this

might work well, but where it was low the results were apt to

be disastrous.

The state lacked any settled, clearly defined policy, and it

lacked administrative machinery to oversee the policies that were

initiated. The legislators, in general, were doubtless honest in

their efforts, but they were occupied but a few weeks each year

and then on all classes of legislation. It was only as one had

opportunity to study the question in detail and in its bearing upon

the state as a whole, and to carry on this work for a period of

years, that a basis could be afforded for intelligent action. Sam-

uel Lewis was enabled to give a portion of his time to this work

in the three years from 1837 to 1840 and the legislation resulting

saved thousands of dollars for the schools.

A quotation from the report of John Brough, auditor of

state in 1839 and 1840, furnishes a fitting conclusion to this sum-

mary.⁵⁷Mr. Brough had previously been a member of the legis-

lature and as a member was evidently satisfied that the general

policy followed by the legislature was desirable. The quotation

shows the change in his opinion when, as auditor of state, he

gave the question careful study.

"One of the most important items of state policy, and one

which it is feared has been least investigated and understood, is

the prudent management and judicious disposition of our school

lands. Through the indefatigable labor of the state superintend-

ent, public attention has been fully aroused to the waste that has

been committed in this property, and a determination instilled

to place additional guards upon the future. That determination

56 "It is not uncommon to find land sold for fifty, forty, thirty,

twenty, ten, and in one case, as low as five cents per acre. Men have

become the purchasers of whole sections for a mere trifle, and that some-

times where it only required a few years to have realized five, ten, fifteen

or twenty dollars per acre." Third Annual Report, Superintendent of

Common Schools, Ohio, page 58.

570. L, XXXVIII, Auditor's Report, 32-33.

92 Ohio Arch

92 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

cannot be too carefully cherished or rigidly adhered to. The

investigations imposed by the ordinary discharge of public duty,

have thrown a light and sealed a conviction, upon my own mind,

at variance with my former opinions, which had been conceived

upon a superficial knowledge of the subject;-and such will

be the effect upon the mind of every one who will seek the

records and gather the melancholy information they contain. Our

school fund this year, arising from interest on sales of lands,

and subject to distribution among the counties, is $73,618.78;

and to accumulate this, we have sacrificed lands, which, if they

had been judiciously held and managed, would have now given

us at least ten times that amount and constituted a revenue suffi-

cient to educate every child in the state."

CHAPTER IV

SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION

SECONDARY EDUCATION

The legislation concerning secondary education in Ohio prior

to 1850 deals wholly with the incorporation of private secondary

institutions, except in the case of a few city or town charters in

the last few years of this period, which make provision for

schools of "a higher grade" or for high schools.

The state did not concern itself with secondary schools ex-

cept to indicate the manner in which they might be incorporated

and in placing certain limits upon their activities and upon the

amount of property they might hold. Here again the principle

was that of local initiative with the state willing to encourage

local effort by legally recognizing the school established, but tak-

ing no responsibility or initiative for establishing, supporting, or

controlling such schools.

The Constitution declared that every association of persons

having given themselves a name might, on application to the leg-

islature, be entitled to receive letters of incorporation to enable

them to hold estates for the support of their schools, academies,

colleges, universities, and for other purposes1 When the legis-

lature had granted the act of incorporation provided for, it con-

sidered its whole duty in the matter at an end. The idea of a

free system of common schools gradually developed during the

period and the conception of state-wide taxation for at least

their partial support appears as early as 1825, but at no time

prior to 1850 does the legislation show any conception of a state

system of education embracing elementary, secondary and higher

education. Secondary education was for those communities that

wanted and could afford to pay for it.

Mr. Lewis in his second report in 1838 had clearly in mind

the beginnings of a state secondary system. He did not how-

1 0. L., 1, 3, Art. 8, Sec. 27.

(93)

94 Ohio Arch

94 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

ever, advocate legislation that would in any way compel the state

to take a part in the establishment of secondary schools, but

rather a law that would allow individual townships to estab-

lish such schools and support them from public funds, with the

method of establishment and support warranted by the law of the

state.

His advice to the legislature on the subject was as follows:2

"There are some townships that have the means and the desire

of establishing central township schools or academies, and in

most of our townships the youth over twelve years of age could

with convenience attend such a school. The number of town-

ships now prepared for this measure is small, but will be increas-

ing. I recommend, therefore a provision giving the whole num-

ber of directors in the township authority to establish such a

school, and assess upon the township such sum of money as may

be required for that purpose, and to this end, they should from

their own number, appoint a board of five, who should for the

time being control such central school.

The mere passage of the law could do no harm to those

townships who would refuse to avail themselves of its provisions,

and would give to those desiring the privilege, the right to ex-

ercise it."

No action was taken upon this recommendation, and no gen-

eral legislation concerning secondary education was enacted prior

to 1850. Some city charters made provision for schools above

the elementary, but the state did not concern itself with secondary

education as a recognized part of the public school system.

The usual type of secondary institution receiving letters of

incorporation was an academy supported by a stock company,

with shares selling for from five to fifty dollars each. A com-

munity that wished an education for its children beyond the

three r's of the common school, subscribed stock for the purpose

of building and equipping a school of higher grade. The man-

agement was ordinarily in the hands of a Board of Trustees

elected by the stockholders. In most cases the articles of in-

corporation do not mention tuition or rates, but in some cases

2Ohio Documents. 37th G. A. Doc. 32. Page 28.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 95

it is specifically stated³that the running expense of the school

shall be assessed upon the parents in proportion to the number

of children attending, and doubtless in all cases tuition was

charged. Occasionally the trustees are authorized to set apart

a fund for the education of poor children.⁴A school of this

type was usually called an academy, less frequently the terms

"institute" and "seminary" appeared. The names "seminary"

and "institute" are not used with one or two exceptions until

after 1830. The name "high school" appears at this same period

and is used occasionally to designate a school of this same gen-

eral type of organization, supported by an association of sub-

scribers, who formed a stock company to raise the funds for

the establishment or support of the school. The first high school

chartered in Ohio was the Elyria High School, February 22,

1830,⁵ followed the next year by the Woodward High School of

Cincinnati.⁶The latter institution had been incorporated as the

"Free Grammar School" as early as 1827,⁷ but its earlier function

was declared to be the "better instruction of the poor children"

"in the rudiments of an English education." By the terms of

the incorporation the trustees were directed to confine instruc-

tion to "the common and necessary branches of an English edu-

cation," and not to extend it to the higher branches of such an

education until the funds were sufficient to provide for all the

poor children in the city.

The total number of incorporations of schools intended to

be of higher type than common schools was 171 during the

period, classed as follows:

Academies - 1803-1810 ....................... 4

1811-1820 ....................... 8

1821-1830 ....................... 10

1831-1840....................... 44

1841-1850 ....................... 26

-- 92

30. L., XVI, 157. Towns of Harpersfield and Madison, 1818.

4O. L., IX, 57. Gallia Academy, 1811.

5O. L., XXVIII, local, 116.

6O. L., XXIX, local, 43.

7O. L., XXV, local, 62.

96 Ohio Arch

96 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Seminaries - 1803-1810 ....................... 1

1811-1820 ....................... 1

1821-1830 ....................... 0

1831-1840....................... 20

1841-1850....................... 10

Institutes - 1803-1830 ....................... 0

1831-1840 ................... ... 13

1841-1850 .................... .. 17

___ 30

High Schools - 1803-1820 ............... .. 0

1821-1830 ............. . 1

1831-1840 ........... .. .... 8

1841-1850 .................. .. . 5

___ 14

Boarding School .............................. 1

Universal School ............................. 1

Independent School ........................... 1

____ 3

T otal ................................... 171

The names of these schools and the date of their incorpora-

tion arranged in chronological order are shown on pages 97 to

101, and their location is shown on the map that accompanies

this list. The Erie Literary Society, located at Burton, on the

Western Reserve leads the list in 1803, followed by Academies

in Dayton, Worthington and Chillicothe in 1808.

The Western Reserve far outstrips any other section of the

state in the number of these institutions, having more than three

times as many as any other section. The map shows however

that with the exception of the western portion of the state, where

the settlements were much later, these schools were fairly

abundant in all parts of Ohio.

The ambitious boy or girl had before him the incentive to

a higher education than the common schools afforded and the

possibility of attaining it without going to any great distance.

The omnipresence of the Ohio man later in our country's history

may be in no small part accounted for by the omnipresence of

the Ohio academy and college.

The list given and the institutions located on the map by no

means give all schools of this type founded before 1850. Only

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 97

those that received articles of incorporation from the state legis-

lature are here shown.

SECONDARY INSTITUTIONS IN ORDER OF CHARTERING, 1803-1850

1. Erie Literary Society, Burton.............................. 1803

2. Dayton Academy ...................................... . 1808

3. Worthington Academy .................................... 1808

4. Chillicothe Academy ...................................... 1808

5. New Lisbon Academy ..................................... 1810

6. Steubenville Academy .................................... 1811

7. Gallia Academy, Gallipolis ................................. 1811

8. Cincinnati Lancaster Seminary ............................ 1815

9. Montgomery Academy ..................................... 1816

10. Tallmadge Academy ....................................... 1816

11. Florence Academy ....................................... 1818

12. Cadiz Academy ........................................ 1819

13. Union Academy, Muskingum County ...................... 1819

14. Lancaster Academy ....................................... 1820

15. Alma Academy, New Athens .............................. 1822

16. Urbana Academy ........................................ 1822

17. Rutland Academy ........................................ 1822

18. Franklin Academy, Mansfield .............................. 1824

19. Norwalk Academy ........................................ 1824

20. Belmont Academy, St. Clairsville ........................... 1824

21. Circleville Academy ....................................... 1824

211/2. Academy of Perry County ................................. 1827

22. Nelson Academy ........................................ 1828

23. Hillsborough Academy .................................... 1829

24. Elyria High School........................................ 1830

25. Woodward High School, Cincinnati ........................ 1831

26. Columbus Female Academy ................................ 1831

27. Ashtabula Institute of Science and Industry................. 1831

28. Delaware Academy ........................................ 1831

29. Kinsman Academy ...................................... ... 1832

30. Canton Academy .......................................... 1832

31. Farmington Academy ...................................... . 1832

32. Ashtabula Academy ....................................... 1832

33. Huron Institute .............................. .............. 1832

34. Chillicothe Female Seminary ............................... 1833

35. Ravenna Academy ........................................ . 1834

36. Union Academy, Wayne County ........................... 1834

37. Vinton Academy ................................... 1834

38. Springfield High School .................................. 1834

39. Female Academy of Mt. Vernon ........................... 1834

40. Stephen Strong's Manual Labor Seminary, Meigs County.... 1834

Vol. XXVII-7.

98 Ohio Arch

98 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 99

41. The Richmond Classical Institute .......................... 1835

42. Kingsville High School .................................... 1835

43. Conneaut Academy ........................................ 1835

44. Windham Academy ........................................ 1835

45. Granville Female Seminary ................................ 1835

46. Fellenburgh Institute, Brunswick, Medina County .......... 1835

47. Western Female Seminary, Mansfield ...................... 1835

48. Wadsworth Academy ...................................... 1835

49. Academical Institute of Richfield ........................... 1835

50. Hamilton and Rossville Female Academy .................. 1835

51. Circleville Female Seminary ............................... 1835

52. Bishop's Fraternal Calvinistic Seminary, Athens County.... 1835

53. Universal School of Massillon ............................. 1835

54. Putnam Classical Institute ................................. 1836

55. Seneca County Academy .................................. 1836

56. Madison Liberal Institute .................................. 1836

57. Wooster Academy ........................................ 1836

58. Shaw Academy ............................................ 1836

59. Academy of Sylvania ...................................... 1836

60. Granville Academy ........................................ 1836

61. Sharon Academy ........................................... 1836

62. Medina Academy ......................................... 1836

63. Cleves Independent School ................................ 1836

64. Middlebury High School ................................. 1836

65. Warren Academy ......................................... 1837

66. Sheffield Manual Labor Institute .......................... 1837

67. Neville Institute, Columbiana County ...................... 1837

68. New Hagerstown Academy ............................... 1837

69. Berea Seminary ........................................... 1837

70. Philomathean Literary Institute, Antrim ................... 1837

71. Monroe Seminary, Monroe County ........................ 1837

72. Troy Academy ............................................. 1837

73. New Philadelphia Academy ............................... 1837

74. Massillon Academy ......................................... 1837

75. Cleveland Female Seminary ............................... 1837

76. Akron High School ...................................... 1838

77. Cambridge Academy, Guernsey County .................... 1838

78. Massillon Female Seminary................................. 1838

79. Western Reserve Wesleyan Seminary, Streetsborough...... 1838

80. The Edinburgh Academy .................................... 1838

81 Wayne Academy .......................................... 1838

82. Norwalk Female Seminary ............................... 1838

83. Chester Academy, Geauga County .......................... 1838

84. Eaton Academy ........................................ 1838

85 Sandusky Academy ................................... 1838

86. Union Academy, Union County.............................. 1838

100 Ohio Arch

100 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

87. Dover Academy, Tuscarawas County ........................ 1838

88. Marion Academy, Marion County ........................... 1838

89. Bigelow High School, Xenia ............................... 1839

90. Martinsburg Academy, Knox County........................ 1839

91. Blendon Young Men's Seminary ............................ 1839

92. Ashland Academy, Richland County ........................ 1839

93. Western Reserve Teachers' Seminary, Kirtland .............. 1839

94. Oxford Female Academy ................................... 1839

95. Asbury Seminary, Chagrin Falls ........................... 1839

96. Worthington Female Seminary ............................. 1839

97. Universalist Institute, Ohio City ............................ 1839

98. �Parkman Academy, Geauga County ......................... 1839

99. Barnesville Male Academy .................................. 1839

100. Brooklyn Centre Academy .................................. 1839

101. Auglaize Seminary, Wapakoneta ............................ 1839

102. Lithopolis Academy ....................................... 1839

103. Meigs County High School and Teachers' Tnstit-te .......... 1839

104. Mt. Pleasant Boarding School.............................. 1839

105. Cuyahoga Falls Institute ................................... 1839

106. Ravenna Female Seminary ................................. 1839

107. New Hagerstown Female Seminary......................... 1839

108. Bascom Seminary of Waynesborough....................... 1840

109. Greenfield Institute ....................................... 1840

110. Streetsborough High School ................................ 1840

111 Willoughby Female Academy ............................... 1840

112. Protestant Methodist Academy of Brighton ................. 1840

113. Edinburgh Academy ....................................... 1841

114. Burlington Academy ...................................... 1841

115. Athens Female Academy ................................... 1841

116. Canton Male Seminary ..................................... 1841

117. Middletown Academy and Library Association .............. 1841

118. Gustavus Academy ........................................ 1841

119. Pine Grove Academy, Porter............................... 1842

120. Canaan Union Academy .................................... 1842

121. Tallmadge Academical Institute............................ 1842

122. Bath High School ......................................... 1842

123. New Lisbon Academy ..................................... 1843

124. St. Mary's Female Educational Institute, Cincinnati......... 1843

125. Maumee City Academy .................................... 1843

126. Lebanon Academy ..................................... ... 1843

127. Oakland Female Seminary of Hillsborough ................. 1843

128. W est Lodi Academy ....................................... 1844

129. Franklin Academy, Portage County........................ 1844

130. Salem Academy ........................................... 1844

131. Lorain Institute, Olmstead.................................. 1844

132. W aynesville Academy ..................................... 1844

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 101

133. Keene Academy, Coshocton County ......................... 1844

134. Tallmadge Academical Institute, Second Incorporation..... 1845

135. Bedford Seminary ............................. ........... 1843

136. Cincinnati Classical Academy ............................. 1845

137. Columbus Academical and Collegiate Institute.............. 1845

138. Aurora Academical Institute, Portage County............... 1845

139. Cooper Female Academy, Dayton.......................... 1845

140. Akron Institute ........................................... 1845

141. Rocky River Seminary................................. 1845

142. Findlay Academical Institute.............................. 1845

143. Vermilion Institute, Hayesville............................. 1845

144. Cottage Hill Academy, Ellsworth.......................... 1845

145. Normal High School, Carroll County ...................... 1845

146. London Academy, Mason County......................... 1845

147. West Jefferson Academical Institute....................... 1845

148. Baldwin Institute, Middleburg............................. 1845

149. LoudonvilleAcademy ...................................... 1846

150. N orwalk Institute ......................................... 1846

151. Liverpool Seminary ...................................... 1846

152. Mansfield Academical Institute............................ 1847

153. X enia Academ y ........................................ 1848

154. Richland Academic Institute ............................... 1848

155. Felicity Female Seminary, Clermont County ................ 1848

156. Oxford Female Institute .................................. 1849

157. Miller Academy, Washington .............................. 1849

158. Pom eroy Academy ....................................... 1849

159. Springfield Female Seminary ............................. 1849

160. Cadiz H igh School ........................................ 1849

161. Mansfield Female Seminary ................................ 1849

162. Mt. Pleasant Academy .................................... 1849

163. Elliot Female Seminary, Iberia............................. 1850

164. Vinton H igh School ........................................ 1850

165. Defiance Female Seminary ................................ 1850

166. Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, Hiram ..................1850

167. Tiffin Academy, Seneca County............................. 1850

168. Xenia Female Academy .................................. 1850

169. Hartford High School .................................... 1850

170. Soeurs de Notre Dame Female Educational Institute, Chilli-

cothe .................................................. 1850

SCHOOL COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS

1. Union School Association, Harpersfield and Madison ........ 1818

2. Milford Union School Society, Clermont County............ 1824

3. Jefferson School Association ............................... 1824

4. Literary Society of St. Joseph's. (To erect academies)..... 1825

102 Ohio Arch

102 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

5. The Mesopotamia Central School Society ................... 1826

6. Goshen School Association, Logan County .................. 1828

7. Trustees of the Columbus Presbytery. (To found an acad-

emy) .................................................. 1829

8. The Education Society of Painesville ....................... 1829

9. The Brecksville Academical Association, Cuyahoga County.. 1831

10. St. Mary's Female Literary Society. (To promote female

education) .......... .................................. 1832

11. The German Lutheran Seminary of the German Lutheran

Synod of Ohio and adjacent states. (To promote learn-

ing, m orality, religion) ................................. 1834

12. North Union School Association of Carroll County......... 1836

13. Rome Academical Company ............................... 1836

14. Springborough School Company, Warren County............ 1836

15. High Falls Primary Institute, Chagrin Falls. (The educa-

tion of youth) ......................................... 1838

16. Newark Association for the Promotion of Education. (To

establish a High School) .............................. 1838

17. The Monroe Academical Association ....................... 1839

18. The Harveysburg High School Company, Warren County... 1839

19. Cincinnati New Jerusalem Church School Association ....... 1841

20. Berkshire Education Society, Delaware County.............. 1841

21. Western Reserve Freewill Baptist Academical Society

(Blacks and Mulattoes not to be received on an equality

with white persons) ................................... 1843

22. Sylvania High School Company, Lucas County ............. 1844

23. Madison Education Society, Lake County ................... 1846

There were also incorporated during the same period twenty-

three school or education societies, whose purpose was to found

academies or other schools, or in some way offer better educa-

tional facilities to the communities interested.

The denominational influence does not seem to have been

great in founding these secondary schools. Some twenty-one

of the schools and societies are more or less denominational in

control or in sympathy, as indicated by the act of incorporation

or the name. In six cases the Conference of the Methodist

Episcopal Church either appointed the trustees or had some part

in the appointment of them. The other schools and societies

that show denominational influence are scattered among the

Presbyterian, Baptist, Catholic, German Lutheran, and Quaker

sects. It is true that prior to 1836 there were eighty-four church

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 103

incorporations in which the churches were given a right to main-

tain a school by the articles of incorporation. The usual form

in which this was done was by limiting the use of funds to the

support of a church "and to any institution of charity or educa-

tion connected therewith." In 18368 a general law was passed

which gave any religious society incorporating after that date

the right to apply property not exceeding an annual value of one

thousand dollars to the support of public worship and such in-

stitutions of learning and charity as might be connected with

such society. How far the rights thus extended were used by

the churches to found schools of secondary grade, the laws them-

selves give no hint. Only a careful search of church records

could do this. It is probable, however, that a secondary school

of any importance would have followed the custom of the time

and sought independent incorporation. The financial limitations

both in special and in general acts would have prevented an ex-

tensive educational institution.

The comparatively small denominational influence exerted

on secondary schools was not due to any lack of religious or

sectarian interest. Numerous sects and varied religious beliefs9

were common, but this very multiplicity was a source of religious

toleration and in the founding of schools for the children of the

community a common interest was found, in support of which

the adherents of creeds that were not too divergent often

united.

There are frequent indications in the articles of incorpora-

tion of an effort to keep the schools free from any cause of re-

ligious controversy. Sections appear prohibiting the introduc-

tion or teaching of any religious tenets peculiar to any christian

sect.l⁰Sometimes there is recognition of the fact that there are

other possible causes of dissension, as when a clause appears pro-

viding that "No political, religious, moral or literary association

shall have an ascendancy in the directory."11

The curriculum was not usually specified in the articles of

30. L., XXXIV, 17.

Chaddock, page 313.

10O. L., XIII, 132; 0. L., XX, 11; 0. L., XX, 27; 0. L., XXII, 14.

11O.L., XIII, 132.

104 Ohio Arch

104 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

incorporation, but was frequently hinted at in the right given

to the trustees to determine what branches of the "arts and

sciences" should be taught, or sometimes the phrase ran "learned

languages, arts and sciences", or branches of a "polite and liberal

education".

The manual labor influence first appeared in 1834 with the

incorporation of Stephen Strong's Manual Labor Seminary.¹²

The Ashtabula Institute of Science and Industry had been

founded as early as 1831,13 but in 183514 the name was changed

to the Grand River Institute and there is nothing but the earlier

name to indicate anything other than the ordinary secondary

institution. The name of Pestalozzi's one time associate, Fellen-

berg, was doubtless in the minds of the incorporators of the

Fellenburgh Institute in Medina County in 1835,¹⁵ though no

mention is made of manual labor in the articles of incorpora-

tion. There are only three other secondary institutions whose

articles of incorporation make any mention of this phase of edu-

ciation.¹⁶One of these, Bishop's Fraternal Calvinistic (sic)

Seminary, chartered in 1835, specifies that there shall be manual

labor for both males and females.17

The only control the state exercised toward these institu-

tions was in limiting the amount of property they might hold,

the amount of the annual income, or the amount of stock that

might be issued. It was also common to find an express stipula-

tion forbidding an incorporated company of this character from

engaging in the banking business or issuing any medium of ex-

change. The legislature, too, commonly reserved the right to

alter the articles of incorporation at any time, and in 183918 a

general act was passed to regulate incorporated literary societies,

which included all associations for literary purposes except com-

mon schools, colleges and universities. The first general pro-

12 0. L., XXXIII, local, 5.

13 0. L., XXIX, local, 137.

14O. L., XXXIII, local, 79.

15 O. L., XXXIII, local, 112.

16 The Sheffield Manual Labor Institute, Bishop's Fraternal Calvin-

istic (sic) Seminary and the Huron Institute.

170. L., XXXIII, local, 328.

18 0. L., XXXVII, 49.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 105

vision of this kind was enacted as early as 1817, in a rather

cumbersome act "to provide for the incorporation of schools

and library companies.^"19 By the terms of this law the associa-

tion that wished to incorporate submitted the articles they had

prepared to the "President of the court of common pleas," in

the circuit in which the association was to be established. If

the "president" approved, he indorsed the same and submitted

them to the inspection of two judges of the supreme court. They

were then examined by these judges and if found comformable

to the provisions of the law, were approved and indorsed, and

deposited with the recorder of the county in which the association

was located.

This procedure established the association as a body politic

and corporate under the laws of the state. It seems to have been

from the first a dead letter, although not formally repealed.

It was the first general law of the Ohio legislature that had

primary reference to education, or educational institutions, and is

of interest for this reason. By the provisions of this act the

capital stock and property of academies could not exceed forty

thousand dollars, unless extended in the act of incorporation.

The act also stated that no part of the funds of such an institu-

tion should ever be used for banking, nor should certificates of

deposit or drafts, which in any manner could be used as a cir-

culating medium, be issued. From this time on, too, the di-

rectors or trustees were held individually liable for all debts of

the association. There was no thought of state supervision or

control of these institutions until 1838,20 and then only to see

that funds given were being used for the purpose for which they

were donated. The law at that time directed the State Superin-

tendent to collect information concerning all funds and property

given in any way for education, except in the case of chartered

colleges, and allowed him to direct procedure against the in-

corporation by the local prosecuting attorney in case any mis-

application of funds appeared.

19 O. L., XV, 107.

20O. L., XXXVI, 21.

106 Ohio Arch

106 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

HIGHER EDUCATION

Universities, Colleges, and Theological Institutions

A large number of institutions of higher learning were in-

corporated during this period of Ohio's history, the total num-

ber of such incorporations before 1850 being forty-five. Among

these are a number which are still in existence, including some

of the best known institutions in the state. In the period from

1803 to 181O the Ohio University, 1804, originally established in

1802; Cincinnati University, 1807, and Miami University, 1809,

were founded. Between 1821 and 1830 Kenyon College, 1824;

Western Reserve University, 1826; Lane Seminary, 1829, were

incorporated; followed in the period from 1831 to 1840 by Den-.

ison University, 1832; Marietta College, 1832; Oberlin College,

1834, and Muskingum College, 1837; while in the last ten years

from 1841 to 1850 Wesleyan University, 1842; Wittenberg Col-

lege, 1845; Otterbein University, 1849; Capital University, 1850;

Urbana University, 1850, and Hiram College, 1850, appeared.

A number of these institutions were not incorporated under

the names which they now bear. Ohio University was originally

incorporated during the territorial period as the American West-

ern University.²¹Kenyon College first appeared as the Theo-

logical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church,²²Western

Reserve University as Western Reserve College,²³Denison Uni-

versity as the Granville Literary and Theological Institution,²⁴

Marietta College as the Marietta Collegiate Institute and West-

ern Teachers' Seminary,²⁵Oberlin College as the Oberlin Col-

legiate Institute,²⁶and Hiram College as the Western Reserve

Eclectic Institute.²⁷In a few cases academies or other secondary

schools were later given the right to confer collegiate degrees,²⁸

while in some instances institutions incorporated as colleges or

21 Nashee's Compilation, page 220.

22 0. L., XXIII, local, 12.

23 0. L., XXIV, local, 93.

24 0. L., XXX, local, 88.

250. L., XXXI, local, 18.

26O. L., XXXII, local, 226.

27O. L., XLVIII, local, 627.

28O. L., XLVI, local, 7; XXXVII, local, 308; XLIV, local, 65.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 107

universities were doubtless, in fact, secondary in character, and

in other cases were never actually founded, the act of incorpora-

tion representing only the purpose and ideals of the incorporators.

State Influence on Higher Education.

The attitude of the state towards higher education as towards

secondary education was marked by a willingness to legalize by

incorporation the educational aspirations of any group of peo-

ple, while taking on itself a minimum amount of responsibility

for the resulting institution either through support or control.

Three townships had been set aside for the support of

higher institutions of learning, two in the Ohio Company's Pur-

chase²⁹and one in the John Cleve Symmes' Purchase.³⁰The

Ohio University at Athens and the Miami University at Oxford

grew out of these two grants. These two institutions were under

limited state control. The General Assembly appointed their

trustees, determined by legal enactment the manner in which

their lands were to be disposed of, and in the acts of incorpora-

tion laid down certain regulations, but in no real sense did the

state in this period assume any responsibility for them.

Ohio University.

December 18, 179931 the territorial legislature, by resolution,

requested Rufus Putnam with two associates, to lay off in the

College Townships (townships 8 and 9 in Washington County)

a town plat with a square for the colleges and lots for the presi-

dent and professors, "bordering on or encircled by spacious com-

mons." The following year the report of "said Putnam" was

accepted, and the town of Athens established,³²and on January

9, 180233 the University was incorporated under the name of the

American Western University, with Rufus Putnam and Return

Jonathan Meigs, afterward Governor of Ohio and Postmaster

29 Nashee's Compilation, page 154.

300. L., III, Enabling Act, 69.

Nashee's Compilation, page 219.

32 Ibid, page 220.

33 Ibid, page 220.

108 Ohio Arch

108 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

General of the United States, as members of the first Board of

Trustees.

In 1803 Ohio was admitted as a state, and at the second

session of the legislature, February 18th, 1804,34 a second act

of incorporation was passed, in which the name was changed

to "Ohio University." A Board of twelve trustees, exclusive

of the Governor of the state and the president of the University,

ex officio members; was appointed, and power given to them to

appoint teachers and officers. Vacancies in the Board could be

filled temporarily by the Board itself until appointments by the

legislature at its next session.

The faculty were directed to report to the corporation "from

time to time" and to hold public examinations of the students

of each class quarterly. Two townships were set aside "for

the sole use, benefit and support of the state university forever,"

and directions given for laying off, appraising and leasing the

lands. This latter provision directed that the land should be

leased on ninety year liens, renewable forever with an annual

rental of 6 per cent, revaluation at 35 and 60 years, and another

revaluation at the end of the ninety year period. All the land

in the two townships, together with the buildings was exempted

from all state taxes.

These included all the points in which the state exercised

any control. It appointed the trustees, it directed the faculty

to report "from time to time" to the trustees, it directed that

quarterly examinations of the students should be held, and it

specified how the land granted for the use of the University was

to be leased.

The next year³⁵the legislature changed the form of the

lease to ninety-nine year leases, renewable forever, omitting

the clause calling for a revaluation, and forbade the leasing of

any land at less than one dollar and seventy-five cents per acre,

but in 180736 the trustees were authorized to lease the land that

had been appraised at less than one dollar and seventy-five cents

at its appraised value.

340. L., II, 193

350. L., III, 79.

360. L., V, 85.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 109

The legislation of the next ten years is concerned only with

different phases of leasing of the land and the appointment of

trustees, but in 1817,37 an act was passed authorizing a lottery

to raise the sum of twenty thousand dollars "to defray the ex-

pense of completing the college edifice lately erected at Athens,

and to purchase a library and suitable mathematical and philo-

sophical apparatus for the use of Ohio University." February

1, 1825,38 an appropriation of one thousand dollars was made for

the purpose of paying debts and purchasing philosophical ap-

paratus. In 1826,39 during the same period in which the sale of

school lands was begun, the trustees were authorized to sell the

remaining lands in the college townships which were not en-

cumbered by leases, and to convey title in fee simple to lessees

who paid a sum which would yield at six per cent, a revenue

equal to the yearly rental. The money received from such sales

was to be deposited with the state treasurer, and the state pledged

itself to pay six per cent on the sums so deposited and reserved

the right to repay the money at any time.⁴⁰

In 183641 and again in 183742 the legislature passed resolu-

tions demanding reports from the University, particularly as to

the expenditures and receipts, and in the second resolution ask-

ing for the number of professors engaged, the branches of litera-

ture and science taught by each, and a list of the number of

students of each year from 1826 to 1837. In 183843 the com-

missioners of the Canal Fund were authorized to loan five thou-

sand dollars to the University to be paid back in annual install-

ments of one thousand dollars each, with interest at six per

cent, and in 184744 the president and trustees were authorized

to fund the debts of the University in an amount not to exceed

370. L., XVI, 37.

38O. L., XXIII, 19.

39 O. L., XXIV, 52.

40 The amount received from these sales was comparatively small.

The State Auditor's report from 1838 to 1848 shows a credit of $1,897.39

to Ohio University from this source.

410. L., XXXVI, local, 643.

42 0. L., XXXV, local, 543.

430. L., XXXVI, local, 205.

44 0. L., XLV, local, 176.

110 Ohio Arch

110 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

ten thousand dollars, and the debt so funded was exempt from

taxation.

In 184345 the legislature passed an act declaring that it was

the true intent of the law passed in 1805, authorizing ninety-

nine year leases, that the land should never be revalued. This

meant a great annual loss to the University, as the lands were

originally appraised and leased at a low valuation and rental,

and by this act the rental could never be increased. This was

done in spite of a decision of the Supreme Court, which had de-

cided the land subject to reappraisal, and the act was passed to

nullify that decision.⁴⁶

These chief points in the legislation concerning Ohio Uni-

versity in the period from 1803 to 1850 show how little there

was of either state aid or state direction. One appropriation of

one thousand dollars, authority to raise twenty thousand dollars

by means of a lottery, a loan of five thousand dollars, and the

privilege of funding a debt of ten thousand dollars without taxa-

tion, and the exemption of the lands in the college townships

from state taxation, comprise all the assistance of a financial

nature given by the state.

The appointment of trustees, the requirement of a report

asked for twice, and certain general requirements specified in

the charter include all of the control or guidance on the educa-

tional side. It is evident that the institution was not regarded

in any true sense a state university, if by that term is meant an

institution supported by the state and governed by policies of

state initiation. If further evidence were needed, it is found in

a memorial addressed to Congress by the legislature in 1829,⁴⁷

asking Congress to grant two townships of land for the support

of colleges and universities. The memorial states that Ohio

"has no adequate means of creating and fostering scientific in-

stitutions without resorting to the odious measure of direct taxa-

tion." "Possessing no national domains and having amongst its

citizens few or none whose love of literature would prompt at

45 0. L., XLI, local, 144.

46 Blackmar, F. W. The History of State and Federal Aid to Higher

Ed. in the U. S. page 217.

470. L., XXVII, local, 174.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 111

the same time their wealth would make them able, to endow pub-

lic seminaries of learning . . . the interests of science must

be neglected and languish, unless aid can be obtained in the mode

now proposed."

"Ohio has received no grant of this character, unless the

land included in the Ohio Company's Purchase and Symmes'

Purchase should be so considered, but neither the state nor the

inhabitants of those districts have ever thus regarded them."

They were intended to be for the special benefit of the inhabitants

of those districts, and the location of the Seminaries was con-

fined to them.

Miami University.

The legislation concerning Miami University is of the same

general type. The college township was located in 180348 and

the university incorporated in 1809.⁴⁹ By the act of incorpora-

tion all benefits and advantages were to be open to all citizens

of the state. A Board of twelve trustees was appointed and the

faculty was directed to hold at least once in every year, a public

examination of the students in each class. Succeeding legisla-

tion was concerned only with the appointment of trustees, the

leasing of college lands, and the collecting of rents, with the

exception of an act in 1814,50 which required the trustees to

make an accurate statement of all proceedings "both as respects

the disposal of land, as well as the state of the funds arising

from the proceeds," to the legislature. There seems to have

been no financial aid of any kind extended to Miami University

prior to 1850, and as in the case of Ohio University, no control

or initiation of educational policies. The state for the first time

shows an awakening responsibility in 184951 by the appointment

of a committee of three "to examine into and report to the next

General Assembly the condition of the Miami University and

the cause of its decline, with such recommendations as they may

deem proper to make."

48 0. L., I, 66.

49O. L., VII, 184.

50 O. L., XII, 83.

51O. L., XLVII, local, 39.

112 Ohio Arch

112 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Other Institutions.

A grant of five hundred dollars each was made to two other

institutions by the legislature by an act passed in 1836.52 The

two institutions receiving this aid were Ripley College in Brown

County and Franklin College in Harrison County. The act of

incorporation for Ripley College⁵³specified that vacancies in the

Board of Trustees were to be filled by the General Assembly.

Aside from this, these two institutions seem in no way to differ

from others founded during the same period. The appropriation

made was evidently incidental and due to local influence, and

did not indicate any general policy of state aid. It is also an

indication that the state regarded other institutions in about the

same way that it regarded Ohio and Miami Universities.

In 182854 the legislature warmly seconded the efforts of

Philander Chase, the President of Kenyon College, in his at-

tempt to obtain a grant of lands from Congress for the support

of that institution, and requested its senators and representatives

to use their efforts in Congress to support such legislation. These

instances include all of the state's activities in the interests of

higher education.

In the case of other institutions chartered, the state ex-

ercised no control, except that it became customary after 1830

to specify in the incorporating act that the right to amend or

alter the charter was reserved by the legislature. There also ap-

peared frequent limitations as to the amount of real property

that might be held, or the annual income that might be derived

from it.

Denominational Influences.

It is impossible to say from a study of the acts of incorpora-

tion how far denominational influence was instrumental in the

founding of the large number of colleges and universities that

appeared during this period. It was certainly much more in-

fluential than in the case of secondary institutions. Twenty-one

520. L., XXXIV, local, 610.

53 O. L., XXVIII. local, 88.

54O. L., XXVI, local, 176.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 113

of the forty-five schools show evidence of denominational in-

fluence either in the act itself or in the name given, while a few

of them had from the first the preparation of ministers for a

particular sect in mind. It is quite probable that others were

under denominational influence where nothing in the charter or

name indicates it.

Agricultural Schools.

It is interesting to note that as early as 184655 a Farmers'

College was incorporated in Hamilton County, whose purpose

was declared to be "to direct and cultivate the minds of the

students in a thorough and scientific course of studies par-

ticularly adapted to agricultural pursuits." This institution was

the result of private initiative and was founded by a stock com-

pany.

Summary.

The period was one of activity and interest in higher educa-

tion with a determined effort to afford the advantages of college

and university training to the young people of the state without

the necessity of going beyond the state border for it. The state's

attitude was shown in its willingness to assist through legalizing

such efforts by acts of incorporation, but with no conception of

any adequate responsibility in the matter, even for those institu-

tions which might naturally have been considered state founda-

tions.

Medical Education

During the first eight years of the state's history there was

no legislation that bore in any way upon medical practice or

indicated any state requirements for entering the profession.

In ¹⁸¹¹⁵6 an act was passed to regulate the practice of Physic

and Surgery. The state was divided into five medical districts

each having three medical censors or examiners, and it was made

obligatory upon any one who wished to practice medicine as a

means of livelihood to obtain a license from one of these boards

55 0. L., XLIV, local, 165.

560. L., IX, 19.

Vol. XXVII- 8.

114 Ohio Arch

114 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

of examiners. The qualifications for a license included satis-

factory evidence that the candidate was of good moral character,

and that he had attended three full years to the theory and prac-

tice of medicine under the guidance of some able physician or

surgeon, or that he had a license from some medical society

showing that he had been admitted as a practitioner. He was

also required to give satisfactory answers to such questions as

might be put to him by the examiners in "Anatomy, Materia

Medica, Chymistry, and the Theory and Practice of Physic."

In 181257 a medical society was incorporated, the state di-

vided into seven medical districts, and the society given power

to appoint examining committees to examine and license candi-

dates and also to grant honorary degrees to such of the faculty

as they might find of distinguished merit. Practicing without

a license from some medical society or college of physicians was

forbidden, and a penalty from five to one hundred dollars was

imposed for each offense.

In 181758 the candidate was required, in addition to the ex-

amination, to deliver a thesis upon some medical subject, and

in 181859 those who had received the degree of Doctor of Medi-

cine in any university or other medical institution within the

United States were exempted from the necessity of being ex-

amined for a license.

In 181960 the first medical school was incorporated in Cin-

cinnati, under the name of The Medical College of Ohio. The

preamble recites that the students of medicine in Ohio are so

distant from any well regulated college as to labor under serious

disadvantages in the prosecution of their studies. The purpose

of the college was to give instruction in Physic and Surgery, and

the auxiliary sciences. There were four incorporators, and the

act of incorporation evidently followed the desires of those re-

sponsible for the institution. Six professorships were created

and the subjects of instruction of each indicated. The state very

early assumed a certain amount of control of this institution.

570. L., X, 58.

580. L., XV, 195.

590. L., XVI, 105.

60O. L., XVII, 27.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 115

At first indirectly, through authorizing61 The State Medical Con-

vention to appoint two delegates annually to attend the com-

mencement of the medical college, take part in the examination,

vote on the candidates and sign diplomas on behalf of the Con-

vention. This Medical Convention consisted of delegates from

the various medical districts in the state, and was given at the

same time (1821) 62 the exclusive right to grant licenses for

practice. It was allowed to select each year two indigent medical

students and recommend them to the Medical College, whose

duty it was to give them instruction gratuitously.

In 182263 on recommendation of the Medical Convention,

a board of thirteen trustees of the College was appointed by the

General Assembly, and they were given general control of the

institution, and it was provided that from this time the trustees

were to be so appointed.

In 182564 the legislature directed that the moneys raised

by auction fees in Hamilton County should be appropriated for

four years to the use of the Medical College, unless otherwise

directed by the General Assembly.⁶⁵This was extended to five

years at the next meeting of the legislature, and in 183166 one-

fourth of the money from the same source was appropriated for

five years, not, however, to exceed twenty thousand dollars for

the period. In 183867 there were fifteen hundred dollars appro-

priated outright from the state treasury to be applied to liquidate

any unsatisfied claims against the school.

There were no other provisions for financial aid, but in

183368 the medical examiners were allowed to appoint one in-

digent student from each medical district for free instruction,

and on the same date the Governor was requested to appoint a

committee of five to investigate the organization, government,

and condition of the Medical College, and to report to the Gen-

61O. L., XIX, 28.

620. L., XIX, 28.

63O. L., XXI, 4.

64O L., XXIII, 19.

65 O. L., XXIV, 4.

660. L., XXIX, 66.

670. L., XXXVI, 37.

680. L., XXXI, local, 269.

116 Ohio Arch

116 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

eral Assembly, suggesting "the proper means of advancing the

prosperity and utility of the state medical college as an institu-

tion of the state, and of medical science therein."

For the first thirty-five years there was no medical institu-

tion incorporated in any of the other cities of the state. Two

other institutions were chartered in Cincinnati in 1828,69 The

Western Eye and Ear Infirmary, whose trustees had power to

appoint "surgeons, advising physicians, lecturers, and teachers,"

and the Cincinnati Medical Academy,⁷⁰designed to give a sys-

tematic course preparatory to admission to a medical college.

From 1839 to 1850 eight other institutions were chartered

in the state for various types of medical instruction. There were

also incorporated nine local and county medical societies, evi-

dently associations of physicians organized for the advancement

of medical science. The State Medical Society was incorporated

in 184871 with power to organize auxiliary societies. The state

took no part in the control or support of the later institutions in-

corporated.

Legal Education

There is almost no legislation bearing on legal education

prior to 1850. In 181972 a law was passed that no person should

be licensed to practice as an attorney unless he had studied law

attentively for the period for two years previous to his applica-

tion for a license. In 184673 appeared the first indication of any

definite legal instruction in an act authorizing any male citizen

of the state of good moral character to take the oath of office

and receive a license to practice on producing to two judges of

the Supreme Court a certificate from the law department of the

Cincinnati College.

69O. L., XXVI, local, 128.

700. L., XXVI, local, 54.

710. L., XLVI, local, 31.

720. L., XVII, 92.

730. L., XLV, local, 157.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 117

COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHARTERED IN OHIO: 1803-1850.

1. Ohio University ........................................ 1802

2. Miami University (Locating Coll. Tps.) .................... 1803

Miami University (Charter)............................... 1809

3. Cincinnati University ...................................... 1809

4. W orthington College ...................................... 1819

5. Kenyon College ........................................ 1824

6. College of Alma ........................................... 1825

Franklin College (Name changed) ......................... 1826

7. Western Reserve College ................................. 1826

8. Lane Sem inary ....................................... .... 1829

9. College of Ripley .............. ............. 1830

10. The Trustees of the Granville Religious and Literary Society 1832

11. Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teacher's Sem-

inary .................................... ............ 1832

12. Oberlin Collegiate Institute ................................ 1834

13. Willoughby University of Lake Erie........................ 1834

14. German Reform Synod of Ohio........................... 1836

15. St. Clairsville Collegiate Seminary .......................... 1837

16. Muskingum College ........................................ 1837

17. Baptist Literary and Collegiate Institute of Huron County.. 1837

18. Wesleyan Collegiate Institute ............................. 1837

19. Logan College ....................................... 1838

20. Theological Seminary of the Associated Reform Synod of

the West ......................................... 1838

21. Central College of Ohio.................................... 1842

22. St. Xavier College ............................. ..... 1842

23. Ohio Wesleyan University.............................. 1842

24. Lafayette University ....................................... 1842

25. Germania College ......................................... 1843

26. Providence College ........................................ 1843

27. Beverly College ........................................... 1843

28. (Methodist Female Collegiate Institute ........................ 1843

Wesleyan Female College. (Name changed) ...............1846

29. Bellefontaine Ohio College................................ 1843

30. English Lutheran Theological and Collegiate Institute of

W ooster ................................................. 1844

31. Ft. Meigs University ....................................... 1845

32. Protestant University of the United States ................. 1845

33. W ittenberg College ....................................... 1845

34. The Farmers' College ...................................... 1846

35. Marietta Female College......... .......................... 1847

36. (Muhlenberg College .......................................1848

Judson College. (Name changed) .........................1849

37. Medina College ....................................... 1848

118 Ohio Arch

118 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

38. Newton College ................................. ..... 1848

39. Edinburg College ........................................ 1848

40. Mt. W ashington College.................................. 1849

41. Otterbein University ...................................... 1849

42. Capital University ........................................ 1850

43. Cambridge College ........................................ 1850

44. G eneva H all .............................................. 1850

45. Urbana University ........................................ 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 119

CHAPTER V

THE EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES, DEPENDENTS, AND DELINQUENTS

The institutions for the education of the deaf and dumb

and the blind were definitely recognized as a state responsibility

and ample and intelligent provision was made by the state for

children of this class. This conception of the state's responsi-

bility was not recognized at once, however, but was a matter of

gradual growth. The Deaf and Dumb School preceded the

School for the Blind by ten years, and in the legislation that

centers about it the gradual development of the idea of state

responsibility for financial support can be seen.

THE EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES

Education of the Deaf and Dumb.

In an act passed in 18221 the Court of Common Pleas was

authorized to appoint guardians for deaf and dumb persons,

and the power of the guardians was expressly extended to the

protection, education, and maintenance of their wards. In case

the guardian or parent was unable to teach such children to

read and write, the law permitted the county commissioners, on

application, to appropriate money from the county treasury for

such instruction. The law was wholly permissive in character

and simply legalized appropriations for the instruction of deaf

and dumb children, in cases in which the county commissioners

saw fit to grant aid. By the same law the township officers were

required to report to the county auditors the number of deaf and

dumb persons in the township, and the auditors were directed to

report the results to the state auditor.

This was followed at the next session in 18222 by an act

the sole purpose of which was to ascertain the number of deaf

1O. L., XX, 49.

2O. L., XXI, 5.

(120)

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 121

and dumb persons in the state. Five years later, in 1827,³ an

act was passed to incorporate the "Trustees of the Ohio Asylum

for Educating the Deaf and Dumb." Eight trustees were named

in the act of incorporation, and they were authorized to receive

gifts and bequests for the purpose of educating the deaf and

dumb, and were directed to report to the next General Assembly

as to the location of the schools, the kind of buildings needed,

with an estimate of expense for buildings and instruction, and

a plan for its organization and government. The funds of the

institution were to be under the management of the trustees sub-

ject to the regulation of the General Assembly, and reports were

required annually as to the expenses, number of students, num-

ber taught at state expense and the number who paid tuition,

together with general information as to the status of the school.

The trustees were allowed to draw on the treasury of the

state for the support of one indigent student from each judicial

circuit an amount not to exceed one hundred dollars for any

student, and no student was to receive such aid longer than three

years. The Governor was ex officio president of the Board of

Trustees, and it was specifically stated that the incorporated body

was under the control and direction of the General Assembly.

The idea of the legislature seems to have been to organize

an institution under state management and control, but financed

by private donations with the state giving a minimum amount

to the support of indigent students. The following year, 1828,

the first appropriation of state money was made, amouting to

$376,76.4 In 18295 the trustees were authorized to open the

asylum in rented houses until suitable buildings were erected,

and an additional appropriation of one thousand dollars was

made. The same year it was decided to permanently locate the

institution in Columbus,⁶and the trustees were authorized to

receive any donations of land or to purchase a site. In the

meanwhile Congress had been urged⁷to appropriate a township

30. L. XXV, 87.

4O. L., XXVI, 4.

50. L., XXVII, 63.

50. L., XXVII, local, 171.

7 0. L., XXV, local, 113; 0. L., XXVI, local, 178.

122 Ohio Arch

122 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

of land, or an amount equivalent to that, located in smaller

tracts, to aid in the education of the deaf and dumb. The grant

was not made and in 18308 another appropriation of one thou-

sand dollars was made, and the trustees were again authorized

to receive one indigent student from each judicial circuit at state

expense, but the amount to be expended was reduced from one

hundred dollars to seventy-five dollars for each student.⁹ The

next year the number of students receiving state aid was in-

creased to two from each circuit,¹⁰a total of eighteen, and an

appropriation of sixteen hundred dollars11 was made for ex-

penses. This was followed in 1832 by an act appropriating one-

fourth of the money arising from sales at auction in Hamilton

County12 and by another fifteen hundred dollar appropriation

from the treasury.¹³

The state had not reached a point where it was ready to

assume the burden of the school and it again applied to Con-

gress in the same year14 for assistance through a land grant.

In. this memorial it was estimated that a proper housing and

equipment would cost from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand

dollars, with a total annual expenditure of nearly ten thousand

dollars. It was pointed out that Ohio in common with many

other states did not possess land of her own which might be

appropriated, and that the only resource, unless Congress came

to the state's aid, was by drawing from revenue derived by di-

rect taxation for other purposes. The memorial declares that

every one will admit that this measure is impolitic and ought

to be avoided, and that it may be deemed quite sufficient to pro-

vide in this way for indigent students.l⁵

8O. L., XXVIII, 30.

9 There were 9 judicial circuits. The expense involved amounted to

$675.

10 O. L., XXIX, 427.

110. L., XXIX, local, 246.

120. L., XXX, 20.

130. L., XXX, local, 319.

14 0. L., XXX, local, 336.

15This memorial states that Ohio had established such a school,

that it had been in operation two years, and had three teachers and

nearly thirty pupils, with a prospect that the number of pupils would

be doubled as soon as accommodations were furnished.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 123

From this time on appropriations of fifteen hundred to

three thousand dollars were common until 184616 when a sys-

tematic budget was evidently adopted and regular appropriations

made to meet it. The appropriation for expenses in this year

amounted to nine thousand dollars with an added four thousand

dollars for building needs. Provision was made in 183817 by

a two thousand dollar appropriation for the erection of work-

shops and the introduction of mechanical employment as a part

of the work of the institution.18

Education of the Blind.

With the exception of two special acts to assist individuals,

one afterward repealed, the state took no steps looking toward

the education of the blind until 1835.19 In this year the Gov-

ernor was requested to direct the county auditors to make a

complete report on the number of blind persons in the state,20

and in the following year21 a committee was appointed to

study the question of the education of the blind in letters and

mechanical arts, and report to the General Assembly the re-

sults of their findings with an estimate of the probable ex-

pense of establishing a public school for that purpose.

This committee made a careful study of the subject. They

quote largely in their report22 from the address of Dr. S. G.

Howe, Director of the New England Institution for the Blind,

which he had made to the trustees of that institution. In this

address of Dr. Howe's there is given a synopsis of the develop-

ment of the education of the blind in the different European

16 O. L., XLIV, 130.

17O. L., XXXVI, 92.

18The legislature voted a grant of one hundred dollars annually

in 1828 for two years to the trustees of a private school for educating

deaf and dumb persons, located in Tallmadge Township, and bearing

the name of the Tallmadge School for the Education of the Deaf and

Dumb. This is the only hint that appears in the legislation of a pri-

vate institution of this kind. 0. L., XXVI, local, 169.

19 0. L., IX, 68; 0. L., X, 68; 0. L., XVII, 7.

2O. L., XXXIII, local, 453.

21 O. L., XXXIV, local, 648.

22Ohio Documents, 36th G. A. Report No. 10.

124 Ohio Arch

124 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

nations and some description of the beginnings of such work

in the New York and New England Institutions.

In addition to the information so gained the committee ad-

dressed a list of specific questions to the directors of the New

York, New England and Pennsylvania institutions for the blind

asking for definite information about expense, number of teach-

ers needed, textbooks available, types of industry suitable to be

taught in a school of this kind and other questions of a similar

nature. Provision was also made for Dr. Howe to visit Colum-

bus during the session of the legislature to "deliver lectures and

exhibit one or two of the pupils in such a manner as to prove

their attainments."

The committee estimated the number of blind in the state

as 500, basing the estimate on the U. S. census and the reports

made by the county auditors. Of this number there were 60

under sixteen years of age, whose names and residences were

known.

The report closes with the following recommendation :23

"In order to commence a school it will be necessary to rent a

suitable house, and furnish the books and apparatus for a class,

and procure one teacher who is qualified to give instruction, and

provide for the support of those children who are indigent. For

this purpose it is supposed that, if the Legislature shall determine

in favor of the measure, an appropriation of $1,500 will be neces-

sary. -And if it shall be deemed expedient to purchase a site

on which permanent buildings may hereafter be erected, a further

sum of $1,000 may be needed. It is desirable also, that as early

as practicable, musical instruments may be procured, and the

necessary arrangements may be made, for teaching music, not

only as a solace and a pleasure to the blind in their disconsolate

condition as strangers to sight; but as a means of contributing

to their own support in the school, and afterward also. And

it is especially desirable, and indeed highly important, that a

superintendent of work, together with implements and materials

for some profitable manufactures, should be furnished; and thus

every pupil, when discharged, may be able to make his own liv-

ing."

Ibid. Page 23.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 125

"In conclusion the Trustees * * * beg leave, most

respectfully and most earnestly, to recommend to the General

Assembly the immediate establishment of an Institution for the

instruction of the Blind."

On the Fourth of July, in 1837, the first "school was opened

with prayer, in the Presbyterian Church in the presence of the

Teachers and scholars of the Sunday Schools connected with

the different denominations in Columbus, who, to the number of

900, had assembled to celebrate the sixty-first anniversary of

Independence. On this day the Teacher and five pupils were

present. This number was increased to nine, at the middle of

September, and still further to eleven in the month of Novem-

ber."²⁴

The experience of the legislature with the Deaf and Dumb

School had prepared it to accept the responsibility for the school

for the blind in a larger way, and in 183725 trustees were ap-

pointed, and a sum of fifteen thousand dollars was authorized

for buildings and ten thousand dollars appropriated for the pur-

pose of building materials and to pay the expense of beginning

the school at once. In 183826 fifteen thousand dollars was ap-

propriated to complete the building, and the trustees were au-

thorized to receive twelve students at state expense. A tuition

and maintenance fee not to exceed one hundred and twenty dol-

lars annually was fixed for other students. The trustees were

authorized to procure all necessary material and implements for

the purpose of instruction in useful arts and trades.

In 184327 the limitation as to the number of students re-

ceived at state expense was removed, and it was left to the dis-

cretion of the trustees. The regulations on this subject appear

to have been administered leniently, both in the case of the school

for the blind and that for the deaf and dumb, as frequent resolu-

tions appear allowing exceptions in special cases.

In 184528 the legislature made another appeal to Congress

24 Ibid. Page 4.

25O. L., XXXV, 116.

26 . L., XXXVI, 49.

27 O. L., XLI, 57.

28 O. L., XLIII, local, 344.

126 Ohio Arch

126 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

for a land grant to assist in the education of the blind and the

deaf and dumb, asking that such a grant be made in all the states

where it had not been done, but the grant was not made, and

the state was forced to assume full responsibility for both insti-

tutions.

THE EDUCATION OF DEPENDENTS

The first appropriation authorized from the state treasury

of Ohio for educational purposes of any kind is found in the

case of an Indian orphan girl, whose mother had been shot by

a citizen without provocation. In 182029 three hundred and fifty

dollars was voted to pay for her support and education for seven

years. This was repealed the following year,³⁰but in 182331

twenty-five dollars annually was definitely appropriated for that

purpose until she should reach the age of twelve years. This

is the only time the state made any financial provision for the

education of dependent children prior to 1850. In ¹⁸⁰⁶³²in an

act concerning apprentices and servants it was directed that in

all indentures for binding or putting out a child as servant or

apprentice there should be a clause that every master or mistress

should at least cause such child "to be taught and instructed to

read and write." In 182433 this was extended to embrace as

much arithmetic as would include the single rule of three, and

the further provision that at the expiration of the term of serv-

ice each minor child was to receive a new Bible and two suits

of wearing apparel.

This embraces all the state provisions on the subject from

1803 to 1850, and it is interesting to note that the two laws last

cited are the only laws passed during the period that in any way

touch upon compulsory education, and these carry no penalties

for failure to obey.

²⁹0. L., XXI, 39.

30 0. L., XVIII, 66.

31O. L., IV, 72.

320. L., XIX, 144.

330. L., XXII, 381.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 127

Orphan Asylums and Schools for Poor Children.

Orphan Asylums were incorporated in Cincinnati in 1833,³⁴

Cleveland in 1837,35 Columbus in 1838,36 and Dayton in 1844.³⁷

These four institutions were all incorporated by women, and

were to be under the management of women, as indicated in the

acts of incorporation. A second asylum was incorporated by a

Catholic society in Cincinnati in 184338 and in 184539 an asylum

for colored children was incorporated in the same city. The

Stark County Orphans' Institute appeared in 1837,40 but its

charter was revoked three years later because it had embarked

in the banking business.⁴1 There were also three endowed

schools incorporated for the benefit of poor children, one in Cin-

cinnati in 182742, one in Zanesville in 183443, and one in Kendall

in 1826.44 Their purpose, however, was to afford instruction

free to children whose parents were unable to pay for it, not

primarily to care for the wholly dependent. These three schools

were the Woodward Free Grammar School, the M'Intire Poor

School and the Charity School of Kendall.

THE EDUCATION OF DELINQUENTS

Education of Delinquents.

No state provision was made for the education of delinquents

prior to 1850, and but little was done through private or municipal

effort. In 184345 an act was passed for the regulation of county

jails, which directed that each prisoner should be supplied with

a Bible, and that the sheriff should keep a record of the means

34O. L., XXXI, local, 52.

35O. L., XXXV, local, 513.

36 O. L., XXXVI, local, 185.

37 O. L., XLII, local, 172.

38 O. L., XLI, local, 112.

39O. L., XLIII, local, 101.

40 0. L., XXXV, local, 201.

41O . L., XXXVIII, local, 87.

420. L., XXV, 62.

430. L., XXXIV, 514.

44O. L., XXIV, 36.

45O. L., XLI, 74.

128 Ohio Arch

128 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

furnished for literary, moral and religious instruction.. In 184546

the directors of the penitentiary were authorized to employ some

suitable person as a religious and moral instructor, and in the

same year the City of Cincinnati was authorized to erect a house

of correction.⁴⁷

This is all the legislation that in any way touches upon the

education of delinquents during this entire period.

460. L., XLIII, local, 446.

470. L., XLIII, local, 393; 0. L., XLV, local, 112.

CHAPTER VI

TRAINING OF TEACHERS

In the preparation of teachers as in other phases of educa-

tional activity, Ohio depended upon the sentiment and effort of

individuals and communities, and did nothing through state aid

or direction other than to legalize through incorporation the con-

certed efforts of groups of teachers or of institutions. As a

result of the educational awakening that accompanied the passage

of the general school law of 1838, and the appointment of a State

Superintendent, some attention was given by the Legislature to

the state's responsibility, and the State Superintendent was asked

in the same year¹to report to the next General Assembly "first,

upon the expediency of establishing a state university or uni-

versities for the education of teachers and other students; sec-

ond, if he shall deem it expedient to establish such university or

universities then upon the subject of the proper system there-

for, and the proper location thereof; third, also upon the proper

mode of supporting same, the probable expense thereof to the

state, and such other views and information in relation to the

subject generally as he may deem it proper to communicate."

Mr. Lewis in his report strongly urged the necessity for

the need of schools to train those expecting to teach,²but no

action was taken by the General Assembly to found such an in-

stitution.

It was through the activity of voluntary associations of

teachers and friends of education that the first efforts were made

to raise the standard of the teaching profession. As early as

18293 such an association had been meeting regularly in Cin-

cinnati for the discussion of educational problems, and at a gen-

eral convention to which friends of education throughout the

Mississippi Valley were invited an association was formed, called

1O. L., XXXVI, 418.

2Ohio Documents, 37th G. A., Part 2, Doc. 72.

3Taylor, page 333.

Vol. XXVII-9. (129)

130 Ohio Arch

130 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

"The Western College of Teachers." As one result of this asso-

ciation the first educational journal in the Northwest, "The

Academic Pioneer" was established and continued for some ten

years.

The original association was incorporated by legislative

action February 13, 18324 under the name of the Western

Academic Institute and Board of Education, and its purpose was

declared to be the promotion of "harmony, cooperation and effi-

ciency in the diffusion of elementary knowledge, and discussing

such subjects as may be considered conducive to the advantage

of education generally." This association was intended to ex-

ercise an influence through the Mississippi Valley, and of its four

Vice Presidents, one was from Harrodsburg, Kentucky, and an-

other from Rising Sun, Iowa.

Three years later, through the leadership of many of the

same men, an act was passed to incorporate⁵"The Teachers' In-

stitute." The preamble and first section are of interest and show

an advanced educational sentiment on the part of the incorpo-

rators and a definite attempt to meet the needs for better trained

teachers, and illustrate the general legislative willingness to

legalize educational effort through incorporation. "Whereas it

has been reported to the General Assembly that a literary insti-

tution devoted to the instruction of professional teachers is much

wanted within this state, and would be of much public utility.

Therefore, be it enacted, etc., that there shall be established and

instituted in the name hereinafter directed, a college for the

instruction of candidates for professional school teachers, and

for the purpose of qualifying such teachers in the best manner

to instruct and govern schools, and other seminaries of learning,

and to advance the intellectual and moral cultivation of youth."

Among the incorporators were many warm friends of the

public schools. The names of Lyman Beecher, John P. Foote,

Nathan Guilford - through whose efforts the school law of 1825

took final form-Robert Picket, David L. Talbott, and others

appear. The school for teachers that these men had in mind

did not materialize, but there were continued until 1845 regular

40. L., XXX, local, 232.

5O. L., XXXVII, local, 117.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 131

conventions of teachers and friends of education, and their dis-

cussions and influence were instrumental in awakening educa-

tional sentiment throughout the state.6

In 18327 the Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western

Teachers' Seminary, which three years later became Marietta

College, was incorporated. The original purpose was declared

to be "the instruction of youth in the various branches of useful

knowledge, and especially the education of teachers for common

schools."

Other incorporations were the Wayne County Ohio Teach-

ers' Association in 1833.8 the Teachers' Institute at Fairmound,⁹

the Meigs County High School and Teachers' Institute,10 and

the American Lyceum of Education in Cincinnati.11

This last institution planned to establish a common school

"for the purpose of furnishing a model school, and one in which

experiments might be made as to the best modes and means of

instruction, with a view to advancing the interests of common

school education throughout the state."

In 184712 the state passed a permissive act allowing teachers

in eleven counties of the state to incorporate teachers' institutes.

Ten of these counties were located in the Western Reserve. This

act allowed the county commissioners in the counties named to

use a portion of the money derived from the surplus revenue

fund for the support of these institutes so organized under the

law. The counties had been held responsible by the act distribut-

ing the surplus revenue,13 for the payment of five percent an-

nually for the use of common schools. Any amount derived over

this, the counties had been allowed to devote to the support of

common schools, the promotion of internal improvements, or

the building of academies. They were now allowed in the eleven

counties named to include teachers' institutes among the objects

6Taylor, page 334.

70. L., XXXI, local, 18.

8O. L., XXXI, local, 193.

9 O . L., XXXV, 417.

10 0. L., XXXVII, local, 257.

11 0. L., XXXVIII, local, 192.

12O. L., XLV, 67.

130. L., XXXVI, 79.

132 Ohio Arch

132 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

to which aid from this extra fund might be extended. The

money was to be used under the direction of the school examiners

of the county in the employment of instructors and lecturers, and

in the purchase of a common school library for the use of the

association.

This act was made general for the state in 1848,14 by the

same act that permitted counties to provide for county superin-

tendents if they wished to do so. The following year, 1849,15

the county commissioners were allowed to appropriate from

other sources whatever sum was needed to bring the total annual

amount for this purpose up to one hundred dollars, but before

doing so the teachers petitioning for such an institute were re-

quired to present evidence to the commissioners that they had

already raised one-half of the total amount needed for the sup-

port of the institute, and the petition had to have the signature

of forty regular teachers within the county, and also of the county

Board of Examiners.

The Farmington Normal School in Trumbull County on the

Western Reserve was incorporated in 184916 through the efforts

of the citizens of Farmington, who gave a site and raised by

voluntary subscription $2,575.00 for its support. A stock com-

pany was formed with shares selling at twenty-five dollars each.

"One great object" of the school was declared to be "a thorough

education of common or elementary school teachers, of both

sexes, and to secure a course of intellectual and moral discipline

for the youth of the country."

Nothing else appears in the legislation of the state prior to

1850 that has any reference to the training of teachers. Governor

Bartley in his message of December 3, ¹⁸⁴⁴¹⁷ said "The subject

of normal schools or seminaries for the education of teachers is

attracting much attention in several of the states of the Union,

and in other countries, and by the pre-eminent advantages af-

forded by this means for advancing the cause of education, it

commends itself to your favorable consideration. Departments

140. L., XLVI, 83.

15 O. L., XLVII, 19.

16O. L., XLVII, local, 261.

17Quoted by Taylor, page 180.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 133

for the education of professional teachers in the Ohio and Miami

Universities could be established under the authority of the

state, and by a part of the means derived from the large endow-

ments which these institutions have received from the govern-

ment."¹⁸

18 The plan proposed by Governor Bartley was the one finally fol-

lowed by the state fifty-seven years later in establishing normal depart-

ments in these two schools.

CHAPTER VII

SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES

Libraries

The first recognition of libraries in the laws of the state is

found in the charter of the Dayton Library Society, February

21, 1805.1 There is plenty of evidence, however, that the early

settlers established libraries before this, but had not sought the

legal sanction of a state charter. Venable²says that the first

library in the territory northwest of the Ohio was at Belpre,

near Marietta. This was organized in 1796, and was first known

as the Putnam Family Library, later as the Belpre, or Belpre

Farmers' Library. This library was owned by a joint stock com-

pany, the common method of procedure in the formation of later

libraries and library companies.

Another of these early ventures, much better known than

the preceding, was the so-called 'Coon-skin Library. This was

located at Ames, Washington County, also near Marietta. The

reason for the name popularly given to it, and the circumstances

of its beginning are thus told by one of the founders, "At a pub-

lic meeting of the inhabitants of Ames, called to devise means

to improve our roads, and to consult about making one to con-

nect the settlement at Sunday creek with that on Federal creek,

held in the autumn of 1802, the intellectual wants of the neighbor-

hood became the subject of the conversation. It was suggested

that a library would supply what was needed, but the settlers

had no money, and with few exceptions were in debt for their

lands. Mr. Josiah True, of Sunday creek settlement, proposed

to obtain the means by catching 'coons, and sending their skins

to Boston by Samuel Brown, Esq., who expected to go east in

10. L., III, 228.

²Venable. Beginnings of Literary Culture in the Ohio Valley, page

135.

(134)

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 135

a wagon the next summer. Esquire Brown was present and as-

sented to this proposition. Our young men were active hunters;

the 'coon skins and other furs were furnished and sent to market,

and the books were bought. The Rev. Thaddeus Harris and the

Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler selected for us about fifty volumes of

choice books, and to these additions were made from time to

time. As the settlement increased and children grew up, readers

were multiplied, and all could have access to the library."3

These early attempts to furnish opportunity for community

study and improvement, were followed by an increasing number

of similar organizations during the first four decades of the

nineteenth century.

Atwater writing in 183⁸⁴ said that most of the towns in

Ohio had reading rooms where a traveller could read all the prin-

cipal newspapers and periodicals, and that libraries were increas-

ing in number as well as size. The record of incorporations in

the session laws bears witness to the probable truth of his state-

ment. One hundred and ninety-two library societies had been

incorporated by 1850. The record of incorporation in the pre-

ceding decades is as follows:

1805-1810 .............................................. 6

1811-1820 .............................................. 15

1821-1830 .............................................. 45

1831-1840. .............................................. 95

1841-1850 ............................... .............. 31

192

The State Library at Columbus received regular appropria-

tions from 18245 on. In 18466 district school libraries were au-

thorized, but their support was left wholly to the initiative of

the district. The law authorized the district to raise by taxes a

sum not to exceed thirty dollars for the first year, and not more

than ten dollars for each succeeding year. The decision was left

3Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler, page 50.

4Atwater, History of Ohio, page 348.

5 0. L., XXII, 36.

6O. L., XLIV, 81.

136 Ohio Arch

136 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

to a meeting of the taxpayers of the district, called for the pur-

pose of voting on the question.

Lyceums, Institutes, Athenaeums, and Literary Societies

In addition to the library societies, there were frequent in-

corporations of lyceums, athenaeums, institutes, and literary so-

cieties, the total number of such incorporations being 64. These

developed rapidly after 1830, prior to that time only three in-

stitutions of this type being incorporated. The record of their

incorporation is as follows:

1805 to 1830 ............................................. 3

1831 to 1840 ............................................. 40

1841 to 1850 ............................................. 21

These latter institutions seem designed to afford meeting

places for their members for discussion and opportunity for read-

ing and study. The use of their funds is usually limited to the

purchase of books, maps, charts, pamphlets and newspapers.

Among them were eight Mechanics' Institutes. Seven of these

incorporated after 1831. The first one of the latter was the Ohio

Mechanics' Institute of Cincinnati in 1829,7 and its purpose was

declared to be for "advancing the best interests of the Mechanics,

Manufacturers and Artizans by the more general diffusion of

useful knowledge in these important classes in the community."

College Societies

The first college literary society incorporated was the

Erodelphian Society of Miami University in 1831,8 followed in

the same year by the Philomathesian Society of Kenyon College.⁹

By 1850 twenty-three college and university societies were

thus given sanction. Four of the number were incorporated

under Greek letter names.

7O. L., XXVII, local, 92.

8O. L., XXIX, 74.

90. L., XXIX, local, 196.

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 187

Miscellaneous

In addition to the various types of educational endeavor

represented in the preceding paragraphs there were also in-

corporated the following institutions, whose names indicate a

wide range of literary and artistic interest supplementary to the

regular educational agencies.

The Historical Society of Ohio, 1822 ;10

The Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts, 1828;11

The Lancaster Harmonic Society, 1830;12

The Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, 1831 ;13

The Eclectic Academy of Music in Cincinnati, 1835 ;14

The New Paris Musical Institute, 1843;15

The Western Academy of Natural Sciences, 1836;16

The Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences, 1840;17

The Cincinnati Astronomical Society, 1844 ;18

The Ohio Institute of Natural Sciences, 1849;19

The Western Art Union, 1848;²⁰

The Columbus Art Union, 1849.21

10. L., XX, local, 47.

110. L., XXVI, local, 30.

12 0. L., XXVIII, local, 179.

130. L., XXIX, local, 122.

14 O. L., XXXIII, local, 161.

15 0. L., XLI, local, 174.

16O. L., XXXIV, local, 110.

170. L., XXXVIII, local, 138.

18O . L., XLII, local, 122.

190. L., XLVII, local, 256.

20 0. L., XLVI, local, 228.

21 O. L., XLVII, local, 268.

CHAPTER VIII

CONCLUSION

The two essential features of Ohio's educational policy as

illustrated by the legislation passed from 1803 to 1850 are, first,

the lack of any efficient central control of local educational

activities, and second, the permissive character of a large part

of the legislation passed, and the lack of any compulsory features.

The large amount of educational legislation enacted shows

that there was no lack of educational interest in the state, either

in the public at large or in the people's representatives in the

General Assembly. There was a wide-spread belief in universal

education and a desire for it. While there was, as elsewhere,

much opposition to taxation and to the idea of distributive re-

sponsibility for free schools, the general educational sentiment

was good. The laws themselves show in many cases excellent

educational possibilities. The weakness of the legislation was

due to the fact that the theory followed seemed to be that the

function of educational legislation was to establish general rules

of organization and control in accord with which the communi-

ties might regulate their own educational activities and have legal

sanction for them, but that it was not the function of the state

to develop any legal machinery that would definitely bring about

educational results.

The words of Samuel Lewis are so significant in this con-

nection that they are quoted once more. Speaking of the law of

1838, far the best educational legislation of the entire period, he

said :1 "It gives to the people the power to do their own business

whether in townships or districts as the majority may think best.

The widest possible latitude is given for popular action: the most

that the law does is to prescribe certain general rules within

which the people can act under the sanction of the law, and it

gives to such popular action the aid of law to effect its purpose."

1Third Annual Report, State Supt. of Schools, page 4.

(138)

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 139

This expresses as well as it can be done the state theory

that seems to underlie all the educational legislation prior to 1850.

One result of this type of legislation was great freedom in

educational experimentation, with legislative sanction when that

was asked for. In communities where the general school senti-

ment was high, as in Cincinnati, Cleveland, Akron and some other

towns and cities, this resulted in an excellent type of school sys-

tem, and through this experimentation a legalized model was

given to other communities throughout the state. The results

were excellent for those communities which chose to follow the

example set and there were many that did so. On the other hand,

there were no penalties in any of the legislation prior to 1850 to

compel even towns and cities to organize schools other than those

of the district type, and the only compulsion to organize the latter

was the loss of the community's share of the school tax if it did

not do so.

Ohio early took an advanced position on the right and de-

sirability of taxing all property in the state for school purposes.

This principle appeared in 1825, when the commissioners of each

county were directed to levy a half-mill tax for school support,

and it remained in all subsequent laws in some form. With this

principle established, the state did not concern itself further

either to compel the taxation or the establishment of schools.

These were matters to be decided by smaller local areas. The

general idea seemed to be that self-interest and a desire to use

the share of money to which each district was entitled, would

be sufficient incentive for the establishment of public schools in

the districts throughout the state. The results of the next fifteen

years show that this belief was in large part justified. Mr.

Lewis estimated the number of district schools taught in Ohio

in the year 18392 at 13,049, and he based this estimate on actual

reports from 5,442 districts in which 7,295 schools were taught.

The state, however, took no responsibility for seeing that the

children of the district attended the school so established, and

but a minor responsibility for the activities that were carried on

in it.

²Third Annual Report, State Supt. of Schools, page 48.

140 Ohio Arch

140 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

This lack of compelling power and lack of efficient ad-

ministrative officers made the system a loose and ineffective one,

under which the various communities continued largely to do that

which was right in their own eyes.

The great educational blunder of Ohio was in the abolition

of the office of State Superintendent in 1840. Although the of-

fice as created in 1837 did not carry with it the possibility of ex-

ercising any large legal powers, and was confined largely to the

gathering of school statistics, and the dissemination throughout

the state of educational information concerning the laws in force

and other matters of educational interest, it did centralize the

educational interest of the state in one office, and had in it great

possibilities of usefulness. The law of 1838, with the State

Superintendent at the head of the system contained much of edu-

cational promise. It is not too much to say that if Mr. Lewis

or a leader of equal ability could have continued the work begun

so ably by him from 1837 to 1840, the educational development

of Ohio might have paralleled that in Massachusetts under the

guidance of Horace Mann. The explanation of its failure to

do so, must be found in the fact that in spite of much educa-

tional interest, the people as a whole were not ready for such

leadership. Whatever the causes may have been, the result was

to leave Ohio educationally a generation behind the position she

might have occupied had she lived up to the full promise of the

law of 1838.

Nowhere is there a better illustration of the need of a cen-

tralized administrative office capable of giving to the legislature

advice founded upon knowledge of the facts, and of administer-

ing the policies adopted uniformly throughout the state, than in

the legislation concerning Ohio school lands. Educational in-

terest, state economic interests - such as the question of internal

improvements-local interests, and too often, individual in-

terests were all presented to the legislature, which acted in many

cases upon a one-sided presentation of the facts. The result was

a mass of confused facts and conflicting legislation, that as it

multiplied left the legislators themselves in ignorance as to the

exact law that applied in particular cases. Opportunities for care-

lessness and downright dishonesty in the local handling of the

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850

Educational Legislation in Ohio From 1803 to 1850. 141

funds, and the selling and leasing of the lands were afforded,

and as the records show, not all local officials were either careful

or honest. Aside from carelessness and occasional dishonesty,

the conflict between the immediate interest of a neighbor and

the more distant interest of the schools, that often confronted

the local appraisers of lands, must have been frequently disastrous

for the schools. John Brough, the auditor of state, said in

1840, that "any one who would seek the records and gather the

melancholy facts they contained would be convinced of the waste

that had taken place."

The state had no clearly defined state-wide policy applicable

in all instances and under all circumstances, and it lacked effi-

cient machinery of government to administer carefully the policies

that were initiated.

It is not probable that dishonest or wilful carelessness was

the cause of the legislation that made great loss possible, but

rather ignorance of conditions, and a hand to mouth expediency

to meet present needs. This could have been largely avoided

through the establishment of a central office, interested primarily

in preserving for the educational interests of the state the first

state-wide grant made by the general government for the use of

schools.

There is little to be said in summarizing the state's attitude

towards secondary and higher education. Ohio lacked in the

beginning, and failed to develop during the period any state

educational policy that embraced elementary, secondary and

higher education. Her interest in public education was an in-

terest in public elementary education only, not in secondary or

higher institutions. One explanation for this is doubtless found

in the abundance of local secondary and higher institutions estab-

lished by private initiative, and a second in the fact that the

three townships granted by the government for higher education

were located in the Ohio Company's Purchase and in the

Symmes' Purchase, and that the resulting institutions were re-

garded as largely local and only quasi state in nature. With a

lack of clearly recognized state institutions of college or uni-

versity rank, there was no pressure from above for a system of

preparatory schools under state control.

142 Ohio Arch

142 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Secondary education was still generally regarded as a privi-

lege to be obtained by those who could afford to pay for it, not

as a recognized part of a free state system. Private secondary

schools had been established in abundance. It was not surpris-

ing that the development of a state system of secondary schools

came as a part of the general high school movement that began

to take on vigorous growth about 1850.

The characteristic features of Ohio's educational legislation

during her first half century of statehood left a strong impression

upon the state's educational policy for the next fifty years. The

lack of any efficient centralized control, the absence of com-

pulsory local supervision of any kind, an abundance of excellent

permissive laws, which legalized advanced educational procedure

without compelling it, the passing of laws general in form but

local in application, lack of any state agency for training teachers

for her schools, these continued throughout the next half century,

from 1850 to 1900, as marked traits of the state's educational

procedure.

It is only in very recent years that Ohio has freed herself

from some of the most undesirable features of her early legisla-

tive inheritance, and has adopted a modern, progressive, central-

ized state system of education, with state-wide supervision, that

places her on a parity with her most advanced sister states.

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A.

A CLASSIFIED COLLECTION AND ABSTRACT OF THE

EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE

PERIOD: 1803-1850.

ACTS TO INCORPORATE THE ORIGINAL SURVEYED TOWNSHIPS, IN-

CLUDING PROVISIONS FOR DISTRICTING, ESTABLISHING

SCHOOLS, APPORTIONING MONEY, ETC.

O. L., IV, 66, Jan. 2, 1806.

0. L., VIII, 100, Feb. 6, 1810

O. L., XIII, 295, Dec. 5, 1814.

0. L., XXIX, 490, March 14, 1831.

GENERAL SCHOOL LAWS

O. L., XIX, 51, Jan. 22, 1821. An act to provide for the regulation and

support of common schools. (The first School Law.)

O. L., XX, 86, Jan. 31, 1822. Resolution. Seven commissioners to report

a system of common schools.

0. L., XXIII, 36, Feb. 5, 1825. An act to provide for the support, etc.

O. L., XXV, 65, Jan. 30, 1827. An act supplementary to the above.

O. L., XXV, 78, Jan. 30, 1827. An act to establish a fund for the sup-

port of common schools.

O. L., XXVII, 73, Feb. 10, 1829. An act to provide for the support, etc.

O. L., XXVIII, 55, Feb. 18, 1830. An act in addition to the act to es-

tablish a fund, etc.

O. L., XXVIII, 57, Jan. 14, 1830. An act to amend the school law.

0. L., XXIX, 414, March 10, 1831. An act to provide for the support, etc.

O. L., XXIX, 423, March 2, 1831. An act to establish a fund for the

support of common schools.

O. L., XXX, 4, Dec. 23, 1831. An act to amend the school law.

O. L., XXXI, 18, Dec. 3, 1832. An amendment regulating fees of

county treasurers for handling school funds.

O. L., XXXI, 24, Feb. 13, 1833. An act supplementary to the act con-

cerning the school fund.

O. L., XXXI, 24, Feb. 25, 1833. An act to amend the school law.

O. L., XXXII, 25, Feb. 28, 1834. An act to provide for the support, etc.

(143)

144 Ohio Arch

144 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXXIV, 19, March 12, 1836. An act to provide for the support,

etc.

0. L., XXXIV, 654, March 11, 1836. Resolution for a committee to pre-

pare a School District Manual.

O. L., XXXIV, 654, March 14, 1836. Resolution requesting C. E. Stowe

to study and report on European Schools.

0. L., XXXV, 82, March 27, 1837. An act creating the office of Super-

intendent of Common Schools.

O. L., XXXV, 560, April 1, 1837. Resolution appointing Samuel Lewis

Superintendent of Common Schools.

0. L., XXXV, 97, March 28, 1837. An act for the distribution, etc., of

United States Surplus Revenue.

O. L., XXXVI, 79, March 19, 1838. An act amending the preceding act.

O. L., XXXIX, 41, March 27, 1841. An act further to amend the pre-

ceding.

O. L., XXXVI, 21, March 7, 1838. An act for the support, etc.

O. L., XXXVI, 399, Dec. 16, 1837. Resolution granting certain privileges

to the Superintendent of Schools.

O. L., XXXVI, 411, March 9, 1838. Resolution appointing Samuel Lewis

Superintendent for five years.

O. L., XXXVI, 73, March 17, 1838. An act concerning the distribution

of the school fund in certain districts.

O. L., XXXVI, 85, March 19, 1838. An act levying a tax for school

purposes

0. L., XXXVI, 90, March 19, 1838. An act regulating the fees of

County Auditors.

O. L., XXXVI, 402, Jan. 4, 1838. Resolution concerning Professor

Stowe's report on European education.

O. L., XXXVI, 404, Jan. 4, 1838. Resolution thanking Professor Stowe

for the report.

O. L., XXXVI, 404, Jan. 16, 1838. Resolution appropriating $500.00 for

Professor C. E. Stowe for his labor.

O. L., XXXVI, 410, March 7, 1838. Resolution providing for the dis-

tribution of the report of the Superintendent of Schools and

C. E. Stowe's report.

0. L., XXXVI, 412, March 13, 1838. Resolution asking for the amount

of school tax levied on colored people.

O. L., XXXVI, 415, Jan. 16, 1838. Resolution that 8,500 copies of the

report of the Superintendent of Schools be printed and distrib-

uted.

O. L., XXXVII, 394, Jan. 16, 1839. Resolution that 9,500 copies of the

annual report of the Superintendent be printed and distributed.

O. L., XXXVII, 61, March 16, 1839. An act amending the school law

and creating permanently the office of Superintendent.

O. L., XXXVIII, 131, March 23, 1840. An act to abolish the office of

Superintendent of Schools.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 145

O. L., XXXIX, 44, March 29, 1841. An act to amend the school law

and all acts amendatory thereto.

O. L., XL, 49, March 7, 1842. An act to amend the school law.

0. L., XL, 59, March 7, 1842. An act making appropriations. Reduces

the school appropriation to $150,000.00.

0. L., XLII, 38, March 6, 1843. An act to increase the school fund.

0. L., XLI, 59, March 11, 1843. An act further to amend the school law.

O. L., XLII, 48, March 12, 1844. An act to amend the school law.

O. L., XLIV, 114, March 2, 1846. An act to amend the preceding act of

March 11, 1843.

O. L., XLV, 26, Feb. 8, 1847. An act to amend the school law.

0. L., XLV, 60, Feb. 8, 1847. An act to amend the act for levying taxes.

O. L., XLIV, 81, Feb. 28, 1846. An act authorizing districts to establish

school libraries.

O. L., XLV, 67, Feb. 8, 1847. An act to incorporate Teachers' Institutes.

O. L., XLV, 32, Feb. 8, 1847. An act to provide for the appointment

of county superintendents.

O. L., XLVI, 28, Jan. 21, 1848. An act to secure the returns of school

statistics.

O. L., XLV, 187, Feb. 8, 1847. An act for the support of common schools

in Akron.

O. L., XLVI, 46, Jan. 28, 1848. An act to amend the preceding act.

O. L., XLVI, 48, Feb. 14, 1848. An act making general the Akron act.

O. L., XLVI, 69, Feb. 22, 1848. An act to amend the act for levying

taxes.

O. L., XLVI, 81, Feb. 24, 1848. An act to provide a department of

Common Schools for colored persons.

O. L., XLVI, 83, Feb. 24, 1848. An act amending the school law.

O. L., XLVI, 86, Feb. 24, 1848. An act amending the act to encourage

teachers' institutes.

O. L., XLVII, 17, Feb. 10, 1849. An act authorizing separate schools

for colored children.

O. L., XLVII, 19, Feb. 16, 1849. An act amending the act to incorpo-

rate teachers' institutes.

O. L., XLVII, 22, Feb. 21, 1849. An act for the regulation of Public

Schools in cities and towns.

O. L. XLVII, 39, March 6, 1849. An act amending the school law.

O. L., XLVII, 43, March 12, 1849. An act to amend the school law.

O. L., XLVII, 45, March 15, 1849. An act to amend the Akron act.

0. L., XLVII, 52, March 24, 1849. An act to amend the school law.

O. L., XLVIII, 40, March 13, 1850. An act to amend the law concerning

public schools in cities and towns.

O. L., XLVIII, 41, March 22, 1850. An act concerning school district

taxes, etc.

O. L., XLVIII, 44, March 22, 1850. An act for the appointment of a

state board of public instruction.

Vol. XXVII-10.

146 Ohio Arch

146 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XLVIII, 47, March 23, 1850. An act supplementary to the pre-

ceding.

O. L., XLVIII, 728, Jan. 28, 1850. Resolution for the appointment of a

committee to report on the defects of the present school system.

SPECIAL ACTS CONCERNING PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Special acts for the following purposes were passed during

the period from 1829 to 1850:

Creating district or changing boundaries of districts ............ 29

Allowing districts to make appropriations, borrow money or

tax themselves for school purposes ......................... 26

Authorizing the sale of school lots or other lots for school

purposes .................................................. 18

Authorizing the apportionment of school funds when the school

census had not been made .................................. 13

Changing the form or powers of the district organization ...... 4

Governing the distribution of school funds in special cases...... 6

Relief of individual school officers ............................. 2

FINES, FEES, ETC., APPLIED TO THE SUPPORT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

O. L., XXVII, 11, Jan. 28, 1829. An act to regulate grocers and retailers

of spirituous liquors.

Licenses, $5.00 to $50.00. Fines for operating without license, per-

mitting rioting, drunkenness, gambling, etc., $10.00 to $50.00. All

monies to go to the schools of the county.

O. L. XXIX, 161, Feb. 17, 1831. An act for the prevention of immoral

practices.

Sabbath breaking- Fine .......................... $1.00 to $5.00

Selling liquor on Sunday-Not to exceed ......... 5.00

Disturbing religious meetings-Not to exceed ...... 20.00

Using profanity ................................. .25 to 1.00

Exciting disturbance in a tavern, etc............... .50 to 5.00

Playing bullets, shooting, running horses in towns.. .50 to 5.00

Liquor dealer keeping nine pin alley............... 10.00 to 100.00

Exhibiting a puppet show, juggling, etc............ 10.00

Tearing down public notices ...................... 10.00

Selling liquor within one mile of religious gather

ings except by licensed dealers at place of busi-

ness, etc., ................................... 20.00

Bull baiting, bear baiting, etc., not to exceed........ 100.00

Cock fighting-not to exceed ...................... 100.00

Horse racing on public road ...................... 1.00 to 5.00

All monies to go to the schools of the township in

which offenses occur.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 147

O. L., XXIX, 304, March 14, 1831. An act regulating sales at auctions.

Selling without license ............................ 500.00

Failure to render account, not to exceed .......... 1,000.00

All monies to go to State Literary Fund.

O. L., XXIX, 313, March 14, 1831. An act for granting licenses.

Peddling without license .......................... 20.00 to 100.00

All monies to go to schools of district in which the offense occurs.

O. L., XXIX, 446, Feb. 28, 1831. An act to regulate public shows.

Exhibiting circus without permit.................. 100.00

Money to go to schools of the county.

O. L., XXIX, 469, Jan. 18, 1830. An act to protect the fur trade.

Killing muskrats out of season.................... 1.00

Money to go to schools of township.

O. L., XXIX, 477, March 9, 1831. An act for the inspection of cer-

tain articles.

Neglecting to have fish inspected and barrels branded 5.00

Failure to bury offal when fish are packed......... 5.00 to 50.00

Inspector violating regulations .................... 50.00

Money to go to schools of the county.

O. L., XXXII, 47, March 3, 1834. An act for the inspection of salt.

Selling or removing salt liable to inspection. Per bbl. 1.00

Money to go to schools of the county.

O. L., XXXII, 20, Feb. 27, 1834. An act to provide (sic) for certain

crimes.

Medical malpractice of various kinds ..............100.00 to 500.00

Money to go to schools of the county.

O. L., XLVI, 36, Feb. 7, 1848. Amending the act granting licenses, etc.

Peddler's license fees to go to state school fund.

Fine for peddling without license ................ 50.00

Money to go to schools of the township.

O. L., XLIII, 17, Feb. 10, 1845. An act to prevent firing

of cannon upon public streets, etc. Money to go

to schools of the township ..................... 50.00

O. L., XLIV, 10, Jan. 17, 1846. An act to prevent gambling.

Proprietor of gambling house or common gambler. 500.00

Money to go to schools of the county.

O. L., XLIV, 76, Feb. 28, 1846. An act to protect enclosures.

Fine not to exceed ............................... 100.00

O. L., XLII, 37, March 6, 1844. An act to prevent the introduction and

spreading of Canada thistles.

Allowing to mature or selling seed containing Can-

ada thistle seed .............................. 10.00 to 20.00

Money to go to schools of the township.

O. L., XXXII, 38, March 1, 1834. Obstructing naviga-

tion in the Muskingum River ................ 50.00

148 Ohio Arch

148 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXXVI, 68, March 17, 1838. Officer or corpora-

tion disregarding court orders in quo warranto

procedure .................................... 10,000.00

Money to go to schools of the county.

O. L., XXXVIII, 4, Jan. 17, 1840. Keeping breachy or

unruly animals ............................... .25 to 1.00

Money to go to schools of the district.

O. L., XXXVIII, 7, Jan. 17, 1840. Harboring intox-

icated Indians ............................... 5.00 to 25.00

Money to go to schools of the district.

O. L., XXXIX, 34, March 26, 1841. Selling liquor with-

in two miles of a religious society gathered in a

field or woodland............................ 10.00

Money to go to schools of the township.

LAWS CONCERNING COMMON SCHOOLS IN CITIES AND TOWNS

O. L., XXIII, 65, Jan. 8, 1825. An act authorizing the township meeting

at Marietta to vote a sum for schools.

O. L., XXVII, 33, Feb. 12, 1829. An act creating a school system in the

city of Cincinnati.

O. L., XXXVIII, 157, March 19, 1840. Amending the preceding act.

O. L., XLIII, 413, March 12, 1845. Supplementary. City of Cincinnati.

O. L., XLIV, 91, Feb. 11, 1846. An act for the better classification of

the Common Schools of Cincinnati and Dayton.

O. L., XLV, 193, Feb. 6, 1847. An act authorizing the City Council of

Cincinnati to levy taxes for school purposes.

0. L., XLVIII, 662, March 23, 1850. An act authorizing the appoint-

ment of a Superintendent of Common Schools in Cincinnati.

O. L., XXXIV, 226, March 3, 1836. An act incorporating the City of

Ohio. Provides for School System.

O. L., XXXV, 32, Jan. 7, 1837. An act incorporating the City of Toledo.

Provides for School System.

O. L., XXXIV, 271, March 5, 1836. An act incorporating the City of

Cleveland. Provides for School System.

O. L., XLVI, 150, Feb. 18, 1848. An act for the better regulation and

support of the Cleveland Schools.

O. L., XXXVI, 329, March 16, 1838. Amending the act to incorporate

the town of Portsmouth. School System adapted from the Cin-

cinnati charter.

O. L., XXXVII, 194, March 12, 1839. An act for the support and better

regulation of the schools in the town of Zanesville.

O. L., XXXIX, 22, Feb. 20, 1841. An act to regulate schools in the town

of Marietta.

O. L., XXXIX, 135, March 27, 1841. An act to incorporate the city of

Dayton. Adapts provisions of the Cleveland and Cincinnati

schools.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 149

0. L., XLIII, 57, Feb. 3, 1845. An act for the support and better regula-

tion of schools in the city of Columbus.

O. L., XLVII, 230, Feb. 16, 1849. Amending the preceding.

O. L., XLIII, 150, Feb. 26, 1845. An act incorporating the town of Mt.

Vernon. Provides for the control of schools.

O. L., XLVII, 205, March 9, 1849. An act concerning taxes, schools, and

sewers in the city of Toledo.

O. L., XLIV, 261, March 2, 1846. An act to regulate Common Schools

in Maumee City, Lucas County, and in Elyria.

O. L., XLV, 121, Feb. 8, 1847. An act for the support and better regu-

lation of schools in District 21, in Urbana.

O. L., XLVI, 185, Feb. 18, 1848. An act for the support and better reg-

ulation of schools in Lithopolis.

O. L., XLVI, 191, Feb. 19, 1848. An act for the support and better

regulation of schools in Lancaster.

0. L., XLVIII, 647, Feb. 13, 1850. Amending the preceding.

O. L., XLVI, 237, Feb. 24, 1848. An act for the support and better

regulation of schools in Lebanon District, Warren County.

O. L., XLVII, 253, March 21, 1849. An act repealing the "Akron Act"

in the town of New Lebanon.

0. L., XLVIII, 648, March 22, 1850. An act to repeal the provisions of

the act for the regulation of schools in cities and towns etc., so

far as it is in force in the town of Hanover.

O. L., XLVIII, 662, March 21, 1850. An act to exempt Mt. Vernon from

the provisions of the Akron act.

O. L., XLVIII, 373, March 21, 1850. Amending the act to incorporate

the town of Fulton. (Providing for schools.)

O. L., XLVIII, 421, March 19, 1850. An act incorporating the city of

Piqua. (Providing for schools.)

O. L., XLVIII, 446, March 21, 1850. An act to incorporate the city of

Springfield. (Providing for schools.)

O. L., XLVIII, 648, March 1, 1850. An act extending the provisions of

the act for regulation of schools in cities etc., to Union School

District No. 7 in Springfield and Suffield Townships in Summit

and Portage Counties.

0. L., XLVIII, 651, March 19, 1850. An act authorizing the citizens of

Wooster to vote for or against the provisions of the "Akron Act."

ACTS CONCERNING LOCAL SCHOOL FUNDS

O. L., XXVII, 23, Jan. 5, 1829. An act establishing a fund for Common

schools in Clermont County.

O. L., XXVII, 180. Feb. 11, 1829.

O. L., XXVIII, 56. Feb 2, 1830. Acts supplementary to the preced-

O. L., XXVIII, 57. Jan. 14, 1830. ing act.

O. L., XXIX, 210. March 11, 1831. )

150 Ohio Arch

150 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXXII, 100, Feb. 20, 1834; 0. L., XXXVIII, 149, March 17, 1840.

Acts establishing a Common School Fund in that part of War-

ren County in the Virginia Military District.

O. L., XXVIII, 93, Feb. 18, 1830. An act incorporating the trustees of

the Windham School Fund.

O. L., XXXVII, 50, Feb. 16, 1839; 0. L., XLI, 26, January 16, 1843. Acts

supplementary to the preceding.

ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS FOR POOR CHILDREN

O. L., XXIV, 36, Jan. 24, 1826. An act to incorporate the Charity School

of Kendall, Stark County.

O. L., XXVII, Feb. 10, 1829, 0. L., XLVIII, 625, March 7, 1850. Acts

supplementary to the preceding.

O. L., XXV, 62, Jan. 24, 1827. An act to incorporate the trustees of the

Woodward Free Grammar School.

O. L., XXXIV, 514, March 14, 1836. An act to incorporate the M'Intire

Poor School, in Zanesville.

O. L., XXXVI, 514, March 7, 1838. An act to incorporate the Immigrants

Friends Society of Cincinnati.

LAWS CONCERNING SCHOOL LANDS

Journals of the American Congress. 1774-1788. Vol. IV, 520. May 20,

1785. An Ordinance for ascertaining the mode of disposing of

lands in the Western territory.

United States Statutes at Large. Vol. I, 51. July 13, 1787. An

Ordinance for the government of the territory of the United

States northwest of the River Ohio.

Journals of the American Congress. 1774-1788. Vol. IV, Appendix, 17.

Powers to the Board of Treasury to contract for the sale of the

Western territory.

United States Statutes at Large. Vol. II, 175. April 30, 1802. Enabling

Act for Ohio.

Nashee's Compilation, page 161, Territorial Act. Nov. 27, 1800. An act

authorizing the leasing of school lands etc., in Washington

County.

O. L., I, 161, April 15, 1803. An act to provide for the leasing of school

lands.

O. L., III, 230, Feb. 20, 1805. An act directing the mode of leasing

Section 16.

O. L., III, 321, April 15, 1805. An act to provide for leasing School

lands.

O. L., IV, 66, Jan. 2, 1806. An act to incorporate the original surveyed

townships. (Leasing school lands.)

Appendix A

Appendix A. 151

O. L., VI, 125, Jan. 14, 1808. An act accepting certain lands offered by

Congress for the use of schools in the Virginia Military Tract,

in lieu of those heretofore appropriated.

O. L., VII, 109, Feb. 17, 1809. An act directing the manner in which

the school lands in the Virginia Military Tract shall be sur-

veyed and disposed of.

O. L., VIII, 100, Feb. 6, 1810. An act to incorporate the original surveyed

townships. (Leasing school lands.)

O. L., VIII, 254, Feb. 16, 1810. Amending the act concerning the dis-

position etc., of the school lands in the Virginia Military Tract.

O. L., XIII, 295, Dec. 5, 1814. An act supplementing the act to incorporate

townships. (Leasing school lands.)

O. L., XIV, 418, Feb. 26, 1816. An act directing the manner of leasing

the school lands in the Virginia Military Tract.

O. L., XV, 202, Jan. 27, 1817. An act to provide for leasing the school

lands. (99-year leases.)

O. L., XIX, 161, Feb. 21, 1821. An act to provide for leasing school lands

in the United States Military District.

O. L., XX, 34, Jan. 31, 1822. An act regulating the school lands in the

Connecticut Western Reserve.

O. L., XXI, 33, Jan. 27, 1823. An act to authorize the surrender of cer-

tain leases etc. (School lands.)

O. L., XXV, 26, Jan. 29, 1827. An act to provide for the sale of Sec-

tion 16.

O. L., XXV, 103, Jan. 19, 1827. An act to provide for obtaining the

consent of the inhabitants of the United States Military District

to the sale of school lands, and to authorize the surrender of

leases and the receiving of certificates of purchase.

O. L., XXV, 45, Jan. 29, 1827. An act to enable the inhabitants of the

Virginia Military District to vote on the sale of school lands.

O. L., XXVI, 23, Jan. 28, 1828. An act to provide for the sale of the

school lands in the Virginia Military District, and to authorize

the surrender of leases and the receiving of certificates of pur-

chase.

O. L., XXVI, 135, Feb. 11, 1828. An act to enable the inhabitants of the

Connecticut Western Reserve to give their consent to the sale

of their school lands.

O. L., XXVI, 80, Feb. 11, 1828. An act to provide for granting temporary

leases of certain school lands.

O. L., XXVIII, 16, Feb. 9, 1830. An act to amend the act providing for

the sale of Section 16.

O. L., XXVIII, 18, Dec. 31, 1829. An act to enable the inhabitants of

the Connecticut Western Reserve to give their consent to the

sale of their school lands.

0. L., XXIX, 490, March 14, 1831. An act to incorporate the original

surveyed townships. (Management of the school lands.)

152 Ohio Arch

152 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

0. L., XXIX, 187, March 3, 1831. An act making further provision for

the sale of Section 16.

O. L., XXXIII, 128, Feb. 25, 1835. An act authorizing the electors in the

several counties of the Western Reserve to give their assent to

the sale of additional school land.

O. L., XXXVI, 63, March 16, 1838. Amending the act to provide for the

sale of Section 16.

O. L., XXXVII, 78, March 18, 1839. An act for the relief of holders

of leases on Section 16.

O. L., XXXVIII, 62, March 21, 1840. Amending the act providing for

the sale of school lands in the United States Military District.

0. L., XXXVIII, 164, March 20, 1840. An act providing for the sale

of three tracts of Moravian school lands in Tuscarawas County.

0. L., XLI, 20, Feb. 2, 1843. An act to regulate the sale of Ministerial

and School Lands and the surrender of permanent leases.

O. L., XLIII, 58, March 4, 1845. An act to fix the minimum price of

school lands.

O. L., XLVI, 38, Feb. 8, 1848. An act to enable the inhabitants of the

Western Reserve to give their consent to the sale of their school

lands.

O. L., XLVII, 232, Feb. 17, 1849. An act to provide for the sale of the

Western Reserve school lands.

SPECIAL ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOL LANDS

1803 to 1817

Granting permanent leases ........................................ 25

Concerning other features of leases ............................... 5

1817 to 1823

Concerning leases ................................................ 18

Extending time of payment of rent ............................... 3

1823 to 1827

Calling for a revaluation of land .................................. 4

Granting one year leases ......................................... 2

For the relief of lessees .......................................... 4

Leasing less than legal amount .................................. 1

1827 to 1831

Calling for a revaluation of land ................................. 15

For surrendering leases .......................................... 15

Authorizing sales of school lands ............................... . 12

Making special provisions for leasing ............................. 5

Distributing funds from leased lands .............................. 4

Leasing less than legal amount .................................... 2

For the relief of lessees ............... ............... ........... 1

Appendix A

Appendix A. 153

1831 to 1838

Providing for sales .............................................. 47

Changing provisions for surrendering leases ..................... 17

Postponing payments due ........................................ 17

Leasing less than legal amount ................................... 7

Distributing funds from leased lands ............................. 6

Special provisions in lease ........................................ 3

Concerning a revaluation of land ............................... .. .5

1838 to 1845

Concerning the surrender of leases .............................. 21

Postponing payments ............................................. 14

A cts legalizing sales ............................................... 13

Special provisions for leasing ..................................... 11

Sixty-four of the acts of this period included a minimum price

ranging from two to thirty dollars per acre. The minimum price that

appears most frequently is five dollars per acre, this appearing in forty-

six of the sixty-four cases. This fixing of a minimum price occurs in

these cases before any general act has been passed placing a minimum

price on school lands.

1845 to 1850

Authorizing sales of land, approximately ......................... 100

Surrendering leases ............................................... 8

Extending time of payment ....................................... 7

Leasing .......................................................... 2

In addition to the special acts classified above, there are a compara-

tively small number of miscellaneous acts concerning school lands that

do not lend themselves easily to classification, and which are of very

minor importance. The total number of special acts passed concerning

school lands during this period is approximately 500.

ACTS INCORPORATING SECONDARY INSTITUTIONS

Acts incorporating academies, seminaries, institutes, high

schools, etc. The acts incorporating these institutions are not

given in full. Only the date of incorporation and the main

points are indicated. These facts will indicate the incorporators,

the control of the institution, the body supporting it, the property

limitations, the curriculum and purpose, and the limitations placed

upon the body by the act of incorporation. These provisions

are not all indicated in the case of each act, but the points that

appear are shown.

154 Ohio Arch

154 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., I, 117, April 16, 1803. The Erie Literary Society; David Hudson

and twelve others; board of trustees of ten to fifteen members;

to support a seminary of learning, either a college or an academy.

O. L., VI, 17, February 15, 1808. The Dayton Academy; James Walsh

and seven others; stock company, shares five dollars each; nine

trustees; annual income not to exceed three thousand dollars.

0. L., VI, 51, February 20, 1808. The Worthington Academy; James

Kilburne and six others; seven trustees; stock company, shares

five dollars each; annual income not to exceed ten thousand

dollars.

O. L., VI, 156, February 18, 1808. Chillicothe Academy; Robert Wilson

and eight others; seven to eleven trustees; stock company, shares

ten dollars; annual income not to exceed ten thousand dollars.

O. L., VIII, 26, January 2, 1810. The New Lisbon Academy; Clement

Vallandigham and eleven others; twelve trustees; stock com-

pany, shares five dollars; annual income not to exceed three

thousand dollars; to erect and keep in repair a house for an

academy, and such other academical purposes as they shall deem

most conducive to the interest of said corporation.

O. L., IX, 39, January 26, 1811. An academy at Steubenville; Lyman

Potter and fifteen others, twelve trustees: stock company, shares

five dollars; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars.

O. L., IX, 57, January 29, 1811. Gallia Academy in Gallipolis; Claude

R. Menager and fifty-nine others; seven trustees; stock company,

shares ten dollars each; annual income not to exceed five thou-

sand dollars; to use the funds in that way most beneficial for

the encouragement of literature, and to set apart a fund for the

education of orphans and poor children.

O. L., XIII, 132, February 4, 1815. The Cincinnati Lancaster Seminary;

William Lytle and nineteen others; seven directors; annual in-

come not to exceed ten thousand dollars; no part of said funds

shall be applied for the purpose of banking; no political, re-

ligious, moral or literary association shall have ascendancy in

the directory, and no religious tenets peculiar to any Christian

sect shall ever be introduced into the seminary.

O. L., XIV, 183, February 13, 1816. Montgomery Academy, Hamilton

County; Daniel Hayden and six others; seven trustees; stock

company, shares five dollars each; annual income not to exceed

one thousand dollars.

O. L., XIV, 440, February 27, 1816. Tallmadge Academy, Portage

County; Elizur Wright and twenty-five others; seven to eleven

trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars each; annual income

not to exceed three thousand dollars; no funds shall be applied

to banking.

O. L., XV, 107, January 24, 1817. An act to provide for the incorpora-

tion of schools and library companies. This act provides that

Appendix A

Appendix A. 155

any association of six or more persons may, for the purpose

of establishing a school and building a school-house, or for

the purpose of establishing a library, submit their articles of

association to the president of the Court of Common Pleas and

if he approve and endorse same, submit it to two judges of the

Supreme Court. If they in like manner approve and endorse

the articles of association, they shall be recorded and deposited

with the county recorder, and the incorporators shall have the

usual corporate powers.

O. L., XVI, 109, January 29, 1818. The Florence Academy of Arts and

Science, Huron County; Luther Havriss and nine others; an-

nual income not to exceed two thousand dollars; no part of

stock to be used for banking or other purposes.

O. L., XVII, 97, February 1, 1819. Cadiz Academy, Harrison County;

John Rea and eleven others; twelve trustees; stock company,

shares five dollars each; annual income not to exceed three

thousand dollars; no part of funds to be used for banking.

O. L., XVII, 186, February 6, 1819. Union Academy, Muskingum

County; Andrew Howell and ten others; nine trustees; stock

company, shares five dollars each; annual income not to exceed

five thousand dollars; no funds to be used in banking.

O. L., XVIII, local, 85, February 23, 1820. Lancaster Academy; P.

Beecher and six others; seven trustees; stock company; annual

income not to exceed two thousand dollars; trustees shall have

power "of directing what branches of literature and the arts

and sciences shall be taught."

O. L., XX, local, 11, January 1, 1822. The Academy of Alma, New

Athens, Harrison County; Joseph Anderson and eleven others;

said corporation shall not deal in exchange, discount notes or

follow any commercial business or pursuit; no religious doc-

trines peculiar "to any one sect of Christians shall be inculcated

by any professor of said academy."

O. L., XX, local, 127, January 30, 1822. The Urbana Academy; John

Reynolds and six others; seven trustees; stock company; annual

income not to exceed two thousand dollars; no religious tenets

peculiar to any Christian sect to be taught.

O. L., XX, local, 30, January 31, 1822. Rutland Academy, Meigs County;

Abel Larkin and four others; seven trustees, stock company,

shares five dollars.

O. L., XXII, local, 14, January 22, 1824. Franklin Academy, Mansfield;

Ebon P. Sturges and fourteen others; fifteen trustees; stock

company, shares five dollars; no religious tenets peculiar to any

one sect of Christians shall be taught or inculcated in said

academy.

O. L., XXII, 72, February 21, 1824. Norwalk Academy, Huron County;

Timothy Baker and four others: seven trustees; stock company;

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annual income not to exceed two thousand dollars; trustees

shall direct "what branches of literature and of the arts and

sciences shall be taught."

0. L., XXXII, local, 85, February 17, 1834. Norwalk Academy changed

to Norwalk Seminary; trustees to be appointed by the Ohio

Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church; no

teacher shall be allowed to teach any student the peculiar tenets

of any sect or religious denomination without the consent of

the parents or guardian.

O. L., XXII, local, 104, February 24, 1824. Belmont Academy, St. Clairs-

ville, Belmont County; James Caldwell and four others; five

trustees; stock company, shares five dollars each.

O. L., XXIII, local, 18, December 22, 1824. Circleville Academy;

Andrew Houston and six others; seven trustees; stock com-

pany, shares ten dollars each; trustees shall determine what

branches of literature and the arts and sciences shall be taught.

O. L.,, XXVI, local, 167, January 24, 1828. The Nelson Academy;

Jeremiah H. Fuller and eight others; nine trustees; stock com-

pany, capital stock not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars;

board "to direct what branches of literature shall be taught."

O. L., XXVII, local, 152, February 9, 1829. Hillsborough Academy,

Highland County; William Keys and six others; board of seven

trustees; stock company, shares five dollars each.

O. L., XXVIII, local, 116, February 22, 1830. The High School of

Elyria, Lorain County; Heman Ely and four others; no part of

the funds shall be applied to any other object than the support

of the high school.

O. L., XXIX, local, 43, January 15, 1831. The Woodward High School,

Cincinnati; five trustees; endowment; to educate such children

as have no parents living within the limits of said city; the bene-

fits of this trust shall not be confined to any religious sect or

sects, but shall be open to all children coming within the pro-

visions of this act, whatever may be or whatever may have been

the religious creed of their parents.

Amended, January 7, 1836, 0. L., XXXIV, local, 27.

SEC. 1. Enabling the trustees to establish a college depart-

ment to be called "The Woodward College of Cincinnati."

SEC. 2. Granting power to confer all such degrees as are

usually conferred in colleges and universities, provided that they

shall not establish a medical, law or theological department.

O. L., XXIX, local, 100, February 9, 1831. The Columbus Female

Academy; James Hoge and four others; three to five trustees;

stock company, shares of one hundred dollars each; annual in-

come not to exceed three thousand dollars; to be employed only

for literary purposes.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 157

O. L., XXIX, local, 137, February 22, 1831. The Ashtabula Institution

of Science and Industry; Giles Cowles and nine others.

O. L., XXXIII, local, 79, February 17, 1835. Amended.

Changing name to the "Grand River Institute."

O. L., XXIX, local, 39, February 22, 1831. Delaware Academy; Ezra

Griswold and eight others; nine trustees; income not to exceed

five thousand dollars; no part of such property to be applied to

any banking or commercial purposes.

O. L., XXX, local, 30, January 19, 1832. Kinsman Academy, Trumbull

County; Isaac Mcllvaine and ten others; property not to ex-

ceed ten thousand dollars.

0. L., XXX, local, 47, January 25, 1832. Canton Academy; William

Christmas and nine others; seven trustees; annual income not

to exceed five thousand dollars; no part to be applied to banking,

nor other than purposes that are purely literary; to manage the

academy buildings hereafter erected on the public school ground

of said town of Canton for the purpose of this corporation, and

the general interest of education.

O. L., XXXI, local, 133, February 19, 1833. Repealed.

0. L., XXX, local, 62, January 26, 1832. Farmington Academy, Trum-

bull County; Theodore Wolcott and four others; annual income

not to exceed two thousand dollars; no part of property to be

used for other than literary purposes.

O. L., XXX, local, 111, February 6, 1832. Ashtabula Academy, Ashtabula

County; Mathew Hubbard and seven others; three to five trus-

tees, stock company, shares twenty-five dollars each; income not

to exceed three thousand dollars; property shall only be em-

ployed for literary purposes.

O. L., XXX, local, 141, February 7, 1832. Huron Institute; Ebenezer

Andrews and nineteen others; twenty trustees; to afford in-

struction to the youth of both sexes in the higher branches of

an English education, the learned languages, and the liberal arts

and sciences, and the trustees as their ability shall increase may

erect a separate or additional departments for the pursuit of

these and any other branches of a polite and liberal education,

and may provide the requisite means for the employment of the

students manual labor such portion of their time as their health

and other circumstances may require.

O. L., XXXI, 188, local, February 21, 1833. The Chillicothe Female

Seminary; John Woodbridge and five others of Ross County:

five trustees; annual income not to exceed two thousand dol-

lars; property and funds shall be converted to no other use

than the promotion of female education.

O. L., XXXII, local, 177, February 25, 1834. The Ravenna Academy;

Darius Lemon and six others; property not to exceed ten thou-

sand dollars.

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O. L., XXXII, local, 223, February 7, 1834. Union Academy, Wayne

County; James Snodgrass and nine others.

O. L. XXXII, local, 234, February 28, 1834. Vinton Academy, Gallia

County; Samuel W. Holcomb and eight others; nine trustees;

stock company, shares five dollars each.

O. L., XXXII, local, 270, March 1, 1834. The Springfield High School,

Clark County; nine trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars

each; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars; "said high

school shall afford instruction to the youths of both sexes in

the higher branches of an English education, or learned lan-

gauges, or liberal arts and sciences, and such other branches

of a polite and liberal education as may be prescribed by the

trustees"; funds shall never be appropriated for any other pur-

pose than that for which they were given.

0. L., XL, local, 114, March 7, 1842. Ohio Conference High School.

The Springfield High School passes to the control of the Ohio

Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church; nine-

teen trustees, trustees to be appointed by the Ohio Annual Con-

ference of the M. E. Church, property not to exceed five thou-

sand dollars.

O. L., XXXII, local, 333, March 3, 1834. The Female Academy of Mt.

Vernon; Hosmer Curtis and nine others; annual income not to

exceed five thousand dollars; funds to be used exclusively for

the purposes of education in literature and the arts and sciences;

no part of the funds to be employed for banking purposes in

any way whatever.

0. L., XXXIII, local, 5, December 17, 1834. Stephen Strong's Manual

Labor Seminary, Meigs County; seven trustees; instruction of

youth in the various branches of useful knowledge; the rules

and regulations concerning the admission of scholars shall give

no preference on account of religious tenets or any cause, except

good moral character and promise of future usefulness; that

no religious tenets peculiar to any sect of Christians shall ever

be taught or inculcated in the seminary, provided that nothing

in the foregoing shall be so construed as to prevent a course

or moral and religious instruction such as is consistent with

the Christian religion, except such as is calculated to support

sectarianism.

O. L., XXXIII, local, 21, January 22, 1835. The Richmond Classical

Institute, Richmond, Jefferson County; Thomas George and

twelve others; thirteen trustees; annual income not to exceed

five thousand dollars; property and funds shall be used for no

purpose other than that of education.

O. L., XLVI, local, 7, December 28, 1847. Changing the name of the

Richmond Classical Institute to Richmond College.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 159

O. L., XXXIII, local, 48, February 12, 1835. Kingsville High School,

Ashtabula County; stock company, shares ten dollars each; said

property shall be applied to no other use than the establishment

and maintenance of said school and the promotion of literature

and sciences.

O. L., XXXIII, local, 51, February 14, 1835. Conneaut Academy; Ashbel

Dart and six others; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars

0. L., XXXIII, local, 87, February 19, 1835. The Windham Academy;

Hiram Messenger and six others; income not to exceed two

thousand dollars annually.

O. L., XXXIII, local, 87, February 19, 1835. The Granville Female

Seminary; Henry Carr and eleven others; annual income not

to exceed two thousand dollars; for aiding and promoting

literary and scientific purposes, and for the construction or

purchase of buildings for said seminary.

0. L., XXXIII, local, 112. February 23, 1835. Fellenburgh Institute,

Brunswick, Medina County; John Berdan and ten others; funds

shall be applied to the endowment, support and maintenance of

a seminary of learning.

0. L., XXXIII, local, 153, February 27, 1835. The Western Female Sem-

inary, Mansfield; Elizur Hedges and eight others; property not

to exceed five thousand dollars.

0. L., XXXIII, local, 190, March 5, 1835. The Wadsworth Academy;

William Eyles and fourothers; property not to exceed ten

thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXIII, local, 191, March 5, 1835. The Academical Institution

of Richfield, Medina County; Secretary Rawson and four others;

property not to exceed ten thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXIII, local, 305, March 7, 1835. The Hamilton and Rossville

Female Academy; John Woods and eight others; five directors;

stock company, shares ten dollars each; annual income not to

exceed five thousand dollars; directors have power to "direct

what branches of literature and of the arts and sciences shall be

taught; no part of the funds shall be used for banking".

0. L., XXXIII, local, 321, March 7, 1835. The Circleville Female Sem-

inary; Guy W. Doan and seven others.

O. L., XXXIII, local, 328, March 7, 1835. Bishop's Fraternal Calvanistic

(sic) Baptist Seminary; Samuel G. Bishop and five others; prop-

erty not to exceed twenty thousand dollars; that students may

pay any part or all of their board and tuition in cultivating said

land (one hundred acres) at a fair reward for their labor, as it

is given for that expressed purpose and no other, and if circum-

stances shall require, may erect shops thereon and furnish mate-

rials for mechanics for the same purpose; also furnish places for

female labor-sewing, braiding and all such other kinds of

labor as may be deemed expedient; no one shall be eligible for

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the office of trustee or president to superintend the instruction of

said seminary, unless he is a member of the Calvinistic or Reg-

ular Baptist Denomination, so-called; nothing in this act shall be

so construed to authorize the establishment of a school for the

practice of medicine; "other teachers and students may be re-

ceived without regard to their religious tenets provided they are

of a moral character, and be treated according to their merit".

O. L., XXXIV, local, 6, December 30, 1835. The Universal School of

Massillon; Alexander McCully and four others; funds shall not

be applied for any other than literary or scientific purposes.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 190, February 29, 1836. The Putnam Classical In-

stitute; William H. Beecher and five others.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 242, March 4, 1836. The Seneca County Academy;

Samuel Waggoner and six others; annual income not to exceed

two thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 242, March 4, 1836. The Madison Liberal Institute;

Ebenezer Ward and four others; annual income not to exceed

$2,000.00.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 386, March 11, 1836. Wooster Academy; David

Robinson and eight others; capital stock not to exceed twenty-

five thousand dollars; stock company, shares five dollars; nine

trustees; trustees have power "to direct what branches of litera-

ture and the arts and sciences shall be taught"; no part of funds

shall ever be applied for banking purposes.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 408, March 12, 1836. Shaw Academy, Cuyahoga

County; Clifford Belden and sixty-nine others; nine trustees;

endowment and stock company, shares ten dollars each; property

not to exceed twenty thousand dollars, annual income not to ex-

ceed two thousand dollars; "to afford greater facilities for the

instruction of youth in literature and sciences, and for the incul-

cating of good morals on Christian principles".

O. L., XXXIV, local, 458, March 14, 1836. The Academy of Sylvania,

Lucas County; William Wilson and eight others; nine trustees;

stock company, shares five dollars each; stock not to exceed

twenty-five thousand dollars; trustees may "direct what branches

of literature and the arts and sciences shall be taught".

O. L., XXXIV, local, 460, March 14, 1836. Granville Academy; Jacob

Little and ten others; annual income not to exceed five thousand

dollars; funds shall never be used for banking purposes.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 514, March 14, 1836. Sharon Academy, Medina

County; Thomas Briggs and five others; property not to exceed

five thousand dollars; proceeds shall be applied to the support

of a school and to no other purpose whatever.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 545, March 14, 1836. Medina Academy; U. H. Peak

and thirty-one others; stock company; annual income not to

exceed two thousand dollars.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 161

O. L., XXXIV, local, 547, March 14, 1836. The Cleves Independent

School, Hamilton County; "whereas the law regulating common

schools does not sufficiently provide for schools such as would

suit the wishes and circumstances of the people in every section

of the state, and that the citizens of the village of Cleves and

vicinity may have a school where the different branches of educa-

tion may be taught such as has been contemplated by the pro-

visions of the general school law"; Stephen Wood and four

others; three trustees, a treasurer and secretary.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 20, December 30, 1836. Middleberg High School,

Portage County; D. McNaughton and four others; five trustees;

stock company, shares twenty-five dollars each; annual income

not to exceed two thousand dollars; property not to exceed

thirty thousand dollars.

0. L., XXXV, local, 133, March 3, 1837. Warren Academy, Trumbull

County; David Todd with eighteen others; nine trustees; stock

company, shares fifty dollars each; annual income not to exceed

five thousand dollars; funds to be used only for education; a

seminary of learning for the instruction of young persons of

either sex in science and literature.

0. L., XXXV, local, 139, March 7, 1837. Sheffield Manual Labor In-

stitute; Robbins Burrell with seven others of Lorain County;

labor, arts and sciences; no part of funds shall be used for

banking purposes.

O. L., XXXV, local, 185, March 10, 1837. The Neville Institute, Colum-

biana County; Alexander Young and eight others; six trustees

to be appointed by the legislature; endowment; annual income

not to exceed two thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXV, local, 193, March 13, 1837. New Hagerstown Academy,

Carroll County; Richard Brown and thirteen others; annual

income not to exceed two thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXV, local, 230, March 14, 1837. Berea Seminary, Cuyahoga

County; James Giltruth and eleven others; twelve trustees; stock

company; "literary and manual labor departments".

O. L. XXXV, local, 262, March 16, 1837. The Philomathean Literary

Institute, Antrim, Guernsey County; annual income not to exceed

ten thousand dollars.

0. L., XXXVII, local, 308, March 16, 1839. Changing the name of The

Philomathean Literary Institute to Madison College.

O. L., XXXV, local, 342, March 27, 1837. Monroe Seminary, Monroe

County; William Mason and eight others; nine trustees; stock

company; shares ten dollars each; property not to exceed ten

thousand dollars; "That it shall be the primary object of this

institution to cultivate the intellectual and moral faculties of the

youth who may resort to it for instruction, to teach them the

art of self-government, and fit them by a judicious course of

Vol. XXVII -11.

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162 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

moral discipline for future usefulness and happiness; provided

that no peculiar tenets of any religious sect shall ever be taught

in such institution nor shall any denomination of Christians be

excluded".

O. L., XXXV, 380, local, March 31, 1837. Troy Academy, Miami County;

nine trustees; stock company, shares twenty dollars; annual

income not to exceed five thousand dollars; instruction of young

persons of either sex in science and literature; funds to be used

for no other purpose than education.

O. L., XXXV, local, 406, April 1, 1837. New Philadelphia Academy,

Tuscarawas County; Joshua Simons and ten others; three to

five trustees; stock company, shares twenty dollars each; annual

income not to exceed three thousand dollars; funds to be em-

ployed for literary purposes.

O. L., XXXV, local, 425, April 3, 1837. Massillon Academy, Alexander

McCulley and eight others.

O. L., XXXV, local, 511, April 3, 1837. The Cleveland Female Seminary;

Henry Sexton and four others; annual income not to exceed

five thousand dollars; trustees have power to assign professors

and teachers "in the several departments of arts, science and

literature."

O. L., XXXVI, local, 52, February 8, 1838. The Akron High School,

Portage County; Simon Perkins and six others; seven trustees;

Stock company, shares twenty dollars each; property not to

exceed twenty thousand dollars; "it shall be the primary object

of this institution to cultivate and strengthen the intellectual and

moral faculties of the youth who may resort to it for instruction";

no peculiar tenets of religion shall be taught nor any denomina-

tion of Christians be excluded.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 98, February 19, 1838. Cambridge Academy, Guern-

sey County; James Blackett and seven others; annual income not

to exceed two thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 98, February 19, 1838. Massillon Female Seminary,

Stark County; O. N. Sage and ten others; stock company,

shares fifty dollars each; "moral, physical and intellectual im-

provement and education of young females".

O. L., XXXVI, local, 157, March 2, 1838. The Western Reserve Wesleyan

Seminary; Isaac Winnans and twelve others; establishing and

maintaining a seminary of learning in the town of Streetsboro.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 159, March 2, 1838. The Edinbugh Academy; Ira

Eddy and ten others; establish an academy in the township of

Edinburgh, Portage County.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 190, March 5, 1838. Wayne Academy; Ely B. Smith

and eight others; nine directors; with power to increase to

fifteen.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 163

O. L., XXXVI, local, 210, March 9, 1838. Norwalk Female Seminary;

Picket Latimer and nine others; nine trustees; stock company,

capital stock twelve hundred dollars with privilege to increase to

twenty thousand dollars, shares twenty dollars each; annual in-

come not to exceed four thousand dollars; educating females

only.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 223, March 10, 1838. Chester Academy, Geauga

County; Austin Turner and four others.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 231, March 10, 1838. Eaton Academy, Preble

County; five trustees; stock company, shares twenty dollars; an-

nual income not to exceed five thousand dollars.

O. L. XXXVI, local, 235, March 10, 1838. Sandusky Academy, Huron

County; Samuel B. Caldwell and twelve others; nine trustees,

stock company, shares twenty dollars; capital stock not to exceed

fifty thousand dollars; funds to be used only for education.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 287, March 14, 1838. Union Academy, Union

County; Reuben P. Mann and ten others; eleven trustees; stock

company, shares ten dollars; annual income not to exceed five

thousand dollars; stock shall not be applied to banking purposes.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 317, March 15, 1838. Dover Academy, Tuscarawas

County; Wright Warner and ten others; annual income not to

exceed six thousand dollars; funds to be used only for purposes

of education.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 362, March 16, 1838. Marion Academy, Marion

County; Sanford F. Bennett and nine others; nine trustees; stock

company, shares ten dollars; stock not to exceed fifty thousand

dollars.

O. L., XXXVII, local 49, March 7th, 1839. "An act to regulate in-

corporated Literary Societies."

SEC. 1. "That all associations for literary purposes, except

common schools, colleges and universities, which the General

Assembly may hereafter incorporate, shall be regulated as fol-

lows." The persons named in the act of incorporation, their

associates, etc., by their corporate names may have succession for

thirty years. Usual corporate powers, etc.

SEC. 2. The capital stock and property of academies shall

not exceed $40,000.00; that of libraries, lyceums and other lit-

erary associations, shall not exceed $5,000.00, unless extended in

their respective acts of incorporation, and no part of funds shall

ever be used for banking, nor shall such institutions issue certifi-

cates of deposit or drafts, which can in any manner be used as

a circulating medium.

SEC. 3. Directors or trustees shall be held individually liable

for all debts of their respective associations.

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164 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

SEC. 4. Any future legislature may alter or amend any act

of incorporation granted under this act when the public good

requires such alteration.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 6, January 5, 1839. Bigelow High School, Xenia;

William Ellsberry and seventeen others; board of directors of

eighteen members and the Ohio Annual Conference of the M. E.

Church may appoint a visiting committee of three, who shall for

the time being be members of the board; property not to exceed

fifty thousand dollars; to afford instruction in the common

branches of a liberal education, and in the liberal arts and

sciences; sectarian views of religion shall not be inculcated.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 30, February 1, 1839. The Martinsville Academy,

Knox County; William Mitchell and eight others.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 43, February 9, 1839. Blendon Young Men's Sem-

inary; Mathew Westervelt and eleven others; vacancies in the

board to be filled by the Methodist Annual Ohio Conference;

partially by endowment; capital stock not to exceed fifty thousand

dollars.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 44, February 13, 1839. Ashland Academy, Richland

County; John P. Reznor and eight others; three trustees; stock

company, shares ten dollars each; stock not to exceed thirty

thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 79, February 26, 1839. Western Reserve Teachers'

Seminary; Timothy Rockwell and ten others; twelve trustees;

property not to exceed fifty thousand dollars; education of

youth and preparation of teachers; trustees shall issue no

circulating medium and shall be individually liable for debts.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 80, February 27, 1839. Oxford Female Academy;

John W. Scott and six others; seven trustees; property not to

exceed ten thousand dollars; education of females in the town

of Oxford.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 109, March 5, 1839. Asbury Seminary, Chagrin

Falls; John K. Halleck and twenty-nine others.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 141, March 9, 1839. Worthington Female Seminary;

William Bishop and ten others; stock company, shares twenty-

five dollars; controlled partially by the M. E. Church, and

partially local.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 155, March 9, 1839. The Universalist Institute,

Ohio City; Richard Lord and eight others; a board of trustees;

stock company, shares five dollars; no rules of a sectarian charac-

ter either in religion or politics shall be adopted.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 156, March 9, 1839. Parkman Academy, Geauga

County; J. P. Converse and six others.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 172, March 12, 1839. The Barnesville Male

Academy, Belmont County; Isaac Hoover and twelve others;

thirteen trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars; capital

Appendix A

Appendix A. 165

stock not to exceed twenty thousand dollars; property to be

used only for education; to cultivate and train the intellectual

faculties of the youth who may resort to it for instruction, and

rigorously to discountenance the inculcation of the peculiar

tenets of any Christian sect or denomination.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 222, March 13, 1839. The Brooklyn Center

Academy; Joseph Weller and fifteen others; annual income not

to exceed three thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 254, March 16, 1839. Auglaize Seminary, Wapa-

koneta; William Stockdale and twelve others; property not to

exceed fifty thousand dollars; annual income not to exceed five

thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 255, March 16, 1839. Lithopolis Academy; Samuel

L. Wilson and twelve others; property not to exceed ten thousand

dollars; no part to be used for banking.

0. L., XXXVII, local, 257, March 16, 1839. Meigs County High School

and Teachers' Institute; Samuel Halliday and seventeen others;

twenty trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars; annual in-

come not to exceed five thousand dollars; "to afford great

facilities for the instruction of youth in literature and science,

and for the inculcating of good morals"; incorporation shall in

no wise engage in the business of banking.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 262, March 16, 1839. Mount Pleasant Boarding

School; John Benjamin Hoyle and three others; thirteen directors

appointed by the Friends of Ohio; annual income not to exceed

five thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 283, March 16, 1839. Cuyahoga Falls Institute;

Boswell Brooks and four others; property shall be devoted to

the purposes of education.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 291, March 16, 1839. Ravenna Female Seminary;

board of twelve trustees; property not to exceed fifty thousand

dollars; to afford instruction in the arts and sciences.

O. L., XXXVII, local, 344, March 16, 1839. New Hagerstown Female

Seminary; Richard Brown and eight others; seven trustees;

capital stock not to exceed ten thousand dollars.

0. L., XXXVIII, local, 29, January 29, 1840. Bascom Seminary of

Waynesburgh; Daniel Schaeffer and seven others; stock com-

pany, shares twenty-five dollars each; capital stock ten thousand

dollars.

O. L., XXXVIII, local, 127, March 12, 1840. Greenfield Institute, Huron

County; Jonas Childs and five others; promoting and encouraging

education.

O. L., XXXVIII, local, 127, March 12, 1840. Streetsborough High School;

John E. Jackson and ten others; stock company, shares five

dollars each; promoting and encouraging education; capital stock

not to exceed five thousand dollars.

166 Ohio Arch

166 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXXVIII, local, 155, March 17, 1840. Willoughby Female

Academy; Jonathan Lapham and five others; annual income

not to exceed five thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXVIII, local, 155, March 17, 1840. Protestant Methodist

Academy of Brighton; Joseph Williams and five others; funds

shall be exclusively applied to the education of literature and

the arts and sciences.

O. L., XXXIX, local, 51, March 20, 1841; Edinburgh Academy, Wayne

County; John Andrews and seven others.

O. L., XXXIX, local, 62, March 20, 1841. Burlington Academy, Law-

rence county; Elijah Frampton and thirteen others.

O. L., XXXIX, local, 65, March 20, 1841. Athens Female Academy; E.

G. Carpenter and nine others; act to become null and void if the

company do not organize within five years.

O. L., XXXIX, local, 125, March 27, 1841. Canton Male Seminary, Stark

County; William Fogle and eight others; seven trustees, three

to be elected by the Evangelical Congregation.

O. L., XXXIX, local, 134, March 27, 1841. Middletown Academy and

Library Association, Butler County; Francis J. Titus and four

others.

O. L., XXXIX, local, 134, March 27, 1841. Gustavus Academy, Trumbull

County; Philo Gates and eight others; act shall be null and

void if the academy fails to organize within five years.

O. L., XXXIX, local, 134, March 27, 1841. Kinsman Academy, Trumbull

County; John Kinsman and eight others.

O. L., XL, local, 86, March 5, 1842. Pine Grove Academy in Porter;

Stephan Sinon and four others.

O. L., XL, local, 116, March 7, 1842. Canaan Union Academy; Jonas

Notestone and four others.

O. L., XL, local, 117, March 7, 1842. Tallmadge Academical Institute,

Summit County; Asaph Whittlesey and seven others; president

and six directors; stock company, shares five dollars each, prop-

erty not to exceed ten thousand dollars; instruction in the higher

branches of education of males or females or both.

O. L., XL, local, 119, March 7, 1842. Bath High School, Summit County.

O. L., XLI, local, 14, January 11, 1843. New Lisbon Academy, Columbiana

County; Fisher A. Blocksom and fourteen others.

O. L., XLI, local, 46, January 25, 1843. St. Mary's Female Educational

Institute of Cincinnati; Hortense Monseau and five other women.

O. L., XLI, local, 62, February 9, 1843. Maumee City Academy, Lucas

County; John E. Hunt and nine others.

O. L., XLI, local, 127, March 7, 1843. Lebanon Academy, Warren County;

Daniel Vorhees and four others; five trustees; stock company,

shares ten dollars; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars;

"maintenance of an academy for instruction in the various

branches of education of males and females".

Appendix A

Appendix A. 167

0. L., XLII, local, 80, February 9, 1844. Lebanon Academy; J. Martin

Williams, Thomas Corwin and six others; twelve trustees; stock

company, shares twenty dollars; property not to exceed twenty

thousand dollars; no funds to be used in banking; "to educate

males and females in the higher branches of learning than are

usually taught in the common schools of the county, and to in-

struct them in the elements of morality and the great truths of

the Christian religion"; the particular tenets or creed of any par-

ticular sect shall never be taught.

O. L., XLI, local, 148, March 10, 1843. Oakland Female Seminary of

Hillsboro; Joseph J. Mathews and ten others; nine trustees;

stock company, shares ten dollars; annual income not to exceed

two thousand dollars; stock not to exceed six thousand dollars.

0. L., XLII, local, 107, February 26, 1844. West Lodi Academy, Seneca

County; John Carey and nine others.

O. L., XLII, local, 115, March 4, 1844. Franklin Academy, Portage

County; Thomas Earl and twelve others; buildings not to exceed

ten thousand dollars; "to establish an academy and to promote

and afford therein, both to males and females, instruction in the

usual branches of a sound, practical and liberal education, and in

the languages, arts and sciences".

O. L., XLII, local, 178, March 12, 1844. Salem Academy, Ross County;

Hugh S. Fullerton and four others.

O. L., XLII, local, 184, March 12, 1844. Lorain Institute; Robert Cochran

and six others; board of trustees; to afford instruction in litera-

ture, arts and sciences.

O. L.; XLII, local, 191, March 12, 1844. Waynesville Academy, Warren

County; Burrell Goode and eleven others; to establish an acad-

emy and promote and afford therein, both to males and females,

instruction in the usual branches of a sound, practical and liberal

education, and in the languages, arts and sciences.

0. L., XLII, local, 210, March 12, 1844. Keene Academy, Coshocton

County; Robert Farewell and four others; to establish an acad-

emy and to promote and afford therein, both to male and fe-

males, instruction in the usual branches of a sound, practical and

liberal education; and in the languages, arts and sciences; build-

ings not to exceed ten thousand dollars.

O. L., XLIII, local, 12, January 9, 1845. Tallmadge Academical Institute,

Summit County; Samuel L. Bronson and four others; four

directors; stock company, shares twenty-five dollars each; prop-

erty not to exceed ten thousand dollars; the maintenance of an

academy for instruction in the higher branches of education, both

for males and females.

0. L., XLIII, local, 16, January 15, 1845. Bedford Seminary, Cuyahoga

County; E. H. Holly and eleven others; twelve directors and a

president; stock company, shares ten dollars; property not to

168 Ohio Arch

168 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

exceed twenty-five thousand dollars; to maintain an institution

for the instruction of youth in the various classes of education.

O. L., XLIII, local, 39, January 23, 1845. Cincinnati Classical Academy;

Elbert T. Bledsoe and two others; a rector and five or more

trustees; capital stock not to exceed fifty thousand dollars.

O. L., XLIII, local, 42, January 29, 1845. Name changed to St. John's

College.

O. L., XLIII, local, 65, February 6, 1845. Columbus Academical and Col-

legiate Institute; H. M. Hubbell and nineteen others; twenty

trustees; to afford instruction in literature and in the arts and

sciences; not to confer collegiate honors or degrees until ten

thousand dollars property shall be acquired.

0. L., XLIII, local, 75, February 10, 1845. Aurora Academy and Institute,

Portage County; John E. Jackson; nine trustees; stock company,

shares ten dollars; stock not to exceed five thousand dollars.

O. L., XLIII, local, 87, February 10, 1845. Cooper Female Academy in

Dayton; Samuel Forrer and five others including Robert W.

Steele; annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars; trus-

tees may direct what branches of literature and the arts and

sciences shall be taught.

O. L., XLIII, local, 84, February 10, 1845. Akron Institute; Samuel Per-

kins and six others; seven trustees; stock company, shares twenty

dollars.

O. L., XLIII, local, 121, February 26, 1845. Rocky River Seminary; Rob-

ert Cochran and ten others; literature, arts and sciences.

O. L., XLIII, local, 203, March 4, 1845. Findlay Academical Institute,

Hancock County; J. Hughing and eight others; nine trustees;

stock company, shares ten dollars; stock not to exceed fifty

thousand dollars; shall not contract debts beyond the amount

of the capital stock subscribed.

O. L., XLIII, local, 229, March 4, 1845. The Vermillion Institute; Har-

rison Armstrong and fifteen others; ten trustees; stock company,

shares twenty dollars; property not to exceed fifty thousand

dollars; to educate males and females in letters and the sciences,

and to instruct them in the elements of morality and the great

truths of the Christian religion; no part to be used in banking;

the tenets or creed of any particular sect shall never be taught.

0. L., XLIII, local, 289, March 8, 1845. Cottage Hills Academy in

Ellsworth; William Bottum and eight others; nine directors;

stock company; annual income not to exceed ten thousand

dollars.

0. L., XLIII, local, 292, March 8, 1845. The Normal High School, Carroll

County; Joseph Cable and eight others; property not to exceed

ten thousand dollars; "the promotion of a highly moral and

intellectual education in languages, arts and sciences upon the

normal plan"; a failure to organize said school within one year

Appendix A

Appendix A. 169

or to operate the school for the space of one year at one time

shall act as a forfeiture.

O. L., XLIII, local, 384, March 12, 1845. The London Academy, Mason

County; Patrick McLane and two others; three to seven trustees;

stock company, shares ten dollars each; capital stock twenty

thousand dollars.

O. L., XLIII, local, 409, March 12, 1845. West Jefferson Academical

Institute, Madison County. James Burnham and eighteen others;

nine trustees; stock company, shares five dollars each; capital

stock not to exceed ten thousand dollars.

O. L., XLIII, local, 4, December 20, 1845. Baldwin Institute, Middle-

burgh; Thomas Thompson and twelve others; trustees appointed

by the North Ohio Conference of the M. E. Church; annual

income not to exceed three thousand dollars.

O. L., XLIV, local, 107, February 14, 1846. Loudonville Academy, Rich-

land County; C. N. Haskell and six others.

O. L., XLIV, local, 122, February 19, 1846. Norwalk Institute; Joseph

Lowry and four others; property shall not be devoted to any

other purpose.

O. L., XLIV, local, 236, Febraury 28, 1846. Liverpool Seminary, Colum-

biana County; Alexander R. Young and twenty-five others; nine

trustees; stock company, shares five dollars; stock not to exceed

ten thousand dollars; instruction shall not be confined or

restricted to pupils of any separate sect or denomination of

religion.

O. L., XLV, local, 99, February 8, 1847. Mansfield Academical Institute,

Mordecai Bartley and nine others.

O. L., XLVI, local, 114, February 11, 1848. The Xenia Academy; David

Medsker and seven others; seven directors; stock company,

shares twenty dollars each; stock not to exceed twenty-five

thousand dollars.

O. L., XLVI, local, 126, February 14, 1848. Richland Academic Institute;

Logan County; Reverend G. G. Page and eight others.

O. L., XLVI, local, 135, February 14, 1848. The Felicity Female Seminary,

Clermont County; Robert Chalfert and fourteen others; three

trustees; stock company, shares twenty-five dollars each; stock

not to exceed ten thousand dollars; that instruction in said

seminary shall not be confined or restricted to pupils of any

separate sect or denomination of religion.

0. L., XLVII, local, 238, February 23, 1849. Oxford Female Institute,

Butler County; Herman B. Mayo and eight others; nine trustees;

stock company, shares twenty dollars each; real property not to

exceed twenty thousand dollars; capital stock not to exceed

twenty-five thousand dollars.

O. L., XLVII, local, 241, February 28, 1849. Miller Academy in Wash-

ington; John E. Alexander and five others; the Presbytery of

170 Ohio Arch

170 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Zanesville in connection with the General Assembly of the Pres-

byterian Church and a board of five trustees; real property not

to exceed twenty thousand dollars.

O. L., XLVIII, local, 618, March 23, 1850. Under control of the Zanes-

ville Presbytery in connection with the General Assembly of the

Old School of the Presbyterian Church.

O. L., XLVII, local, 243, March 8, 1849. Pomeroy Academy, Meigs

County; Charles R. Pomeroy and six others.

O. L., XLVII, local, 263, February 17, 1849; Springfield Female Seminary,

Clark County; J. S. Galloway and eight others; nine directors

chosen by the Miami Presbytery; stock company, shares ten

dollars each; stock not to exceed fifty thousand dollars; litera-

ture and the arts and sciences as directed by the board.

O. L., XLVII, local, 273, March 9, 1849. Cadiz High School; Jonathan

Dewey and six others; three trustees; stock company, shares

fifty dollars each; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars;

all the necessary and useful branches of a thorough and liberal

education.

O. L., XLVII, local, 280, March 22, 1849. Mansfield Female Seminary,

Richland County; James Johnson and seven others; five di-

rectors; stock company, shares ten dollars; capital stock not to

exceed twenty thousand dollars; literature and the arts and

sciences as directed by the board.

O. L., XLVII, local, 284, March 28, 1849. Mount Pleasant Academy, Ross

County; Timothy Stearns and four others; seven directors; stock

company, shares ten dollars; capital stock not to exceed twenty

thousand dollars.

O. L., XLVIII, local, 614, February 14, 1850. Elliott Female Seminary;

Hugh Elliot and fourteen others; fifteen directors; capital stock

not to exceed thirty thousand dollars; literature and the arts and

sciences as directed by the board.

O. L., XLVIII, local, 617, March 21, 1850. Vinton High School, Gallia

County; Herman Wilkins and four others; a board of three

trustees; stock company, shares ten dollars; property not to

exceed ten thousand dollars.

O. L., XLVIII, local, 625, March 23, 1850.. Defiance Female Seminary,

Defiance County; Sidney S. Sprague and five others; five trus-

tees; stock company, shares twenty-five dollars each; stock not

to exceed twenty thousand dollars; instruction shall never be

confined or restricted to pupils of any separate sect or denomi-

nation.

O. L., XLVIII, local, 627, March 1, 1850. Western Reserve Eclectic In-

stitute; George Paw and eleven others; stock company, shares

twenty-five dollars each; stock not to exceed sixty thousand dol-

lars; the instruction of youth of both sexes in the various

Appendix A

Appendix A. 171

branches of literature and sciences, especially the moral sciences

based upon the facts and truths of the Holy Scriptures.

0. L., XLVIII, local, 630, March 21, 1850. Tiffin Academy, Seneca

County; Henry Elbert and twenty-two others; seven trustees;

stock company, shares twenty dollars each.

0. L., XLVIII, local, 636, March 22, 1850. Xenia Female Academy;

Thomas C. Wright and eleven others; nine trustees; stock com-

pany, shares fifty dollars each; real property not to exceed twenty

thousand dollars; capital stock twenty-five dollars each; the arts

and sciences and all necessary and useful branches of a thorough

and useful education such as may be taught in the best female

colleges and academies.

O. L., XLVIII, local, 639, March 23, 1850. Hartford High School, Trum-

bull County; Seth Hayes and eight others; five trustees.

O. L., XLVIII, local, 639, March 22, 1850. Soeurs de Notre Dame Female

Educational Institute, Chillicothe, Ross County; Julia Van Balton

and four others (women).

SCHOOL ASSOCIATIONS.

O. L., XVI, local, 157, January 29, 1818. The Union School Association

of the town of Harpersfield and Madison; James A. Harper

and twelve others; officers elected by the corporation; stock

company, shares ten dollars, not to exceed seven hundred in

number; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars; not to

be used for banking.

O. L., XXII, local, 106, February 21, 1824. The Milford Union School

Society, Milford, Clermont County; James MacDonald and

twenty-five others; five trustees; stock company, shares twenty

dollars each.

O. L., XXII, local, 109, February 10, 1824. The Jefferson School Associa-

tion; Timothy Hawley and eleven others; four trustees and a

president; stock company, shares ten dollars each; property

shall not exceed twenty thousand dollars.

O. L., XXIII, local 44, January 28, 1825. The Literary Society of St.

Joseph's; John A. Hill and three others; annual income not to

exceed twelve thousand dollars; to erect and establish an academy

at St. Joseph's in Perry County, an academy in Cincinnati, and

an academy at Canton in Stark County; funds not to be used

for any other than literary purposes.

O. L., XXIV, local, 92, February 7, 1826. Mesopotamia Central School

Society; confirming incorporation under the general law be-

cause of doubts as to the constitutionality of said law.

O. L., XXVI, local, 67, January 29, 1828. The Gosher School Associa-

tion, Logan County; Hardin Brown and four others.

172 Ohio Arch

172 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXVII, local, 131, February 12, 1829. The trustees of the Colum-

bus Presbytery; twelve trustees; annual income not to exceed

three thousand dollars; for the sole purpose of establishing and

supporting an academy and of carrying into effect such benevo-

lent, literary or religious plans as may be connected therewith.

O. L., XXVII, local, 147, February 11, 1829. The Education Society of

Painesville, Geauga County; Isaac Gillett and eight others; stock

company, shares ten dollars each (by an amendment of February

24, 1835); to establish an academy or other seminary of learning.

O. L., XXIX, local, 42, January 12, 1831. Brecksville Academical Asso-

ciation, Cuyahoga County; Isaac M. Gorman and four others.

0. L., XXXI, local, 74, December 17, 1832. The St. Mary's Female Lit-

erary Society, Elizabeth Sansberry and three others of Perry

County; annual income not to exceed three thousand dollars;

property of said society shall be converted to no other uses other

than the promotion of female education.

O. L., XXXII, local, 46, January 30, 1834. The German Lutheran Sem-

inary of the German Lutheran Synod of Ohio and adjacent

states; annual income not to exceed ten thousand dollars; that

the funds of the corporation shall never be used or employed for

any other purpose than the promotion of religion, morality and

learning.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 402, March 1, 1836. The North Union School As-

sociation of Carroll County; Jacob Everhart with seven others;

money and funds of corporation shall be applied exclusively to

the payment of a teacher and furnishing fuel for the school, and

to no other purpose whatever except the purchase of a lot, the

erection of a school building and dwelling house for a teacher.

Amended March 12, 1844. Vol. XLII, local, 221. Authorizing

said association to keep open four public schools and no more,

and to own and equip four school-houses, and to draw a fair

and equal proportion of the school funds of the county.

O. L., XXXIV, local, 411, March 12, 1836. Rome Academical Company;

three trustees; property not to exceed ten thousand dollars.

O. L., XXXV, local, 3, December 17, 1836. The Springborough School

Company, Warren County; Joseph Stanton and eight others;

three trustees; stock company, shares five dollars each; annual

income not to exceed three thousand dollars; capital stock five

hundred to five thousand dollars; to promote the organization of

useful knowledge and a sound practical education.

O. L., XXXVI, local, 107, February 23, 1838. High Falls Primary Insti-

tute in Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga and Geauga Counties; twelve

trustees; property not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars; educa-

tion of youth is the exclusive object of this corporation and its

funds shall be exclusively devoted to the promotion of this object.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 173

O. L., XXXVI, local, 371, March 17, 1838. Newark Association for the

Promotion of Education; Asa Beckwith and twenty others;

twenty-one directors; stock company, shares ten to fifty dollars;

stock not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars; "the object of

this corporation is to establish a high school with suitable houses

and means of instruction for the education of both males and

females".

0. L., XXXVII, local, 166, March 12, 1839. Monroe Academical Associa

tion; David Kirkbridge and six others; three trustees and a

president; stock company, shares fifty dollars; annual income not

to exceed ten thousand dollars; "to cultivate and strengthen the

intellectual and moral faculties of the youth who may resort to

it for instruction, to teach them the art of self-government and

to fit them by a judicious course of moral discipline for virtue,

usefulness and happiness".

O. L., XXXVII, local, 169, March 12, 1839. The Harveysburgh High

School Company, Warren County; property not to exceed ten

thousand dollars; to establish a high school and to promote and

afford therein instruction in the usual branches of a sound, prac-

tical and liberal education, and in the languages, arts and

sciences.

O. L., XXXIX local, 11, January 29, 1841. The Cincinnati New Jerusa-

lem Church School Association; Jacob L. Wayne and nine

others; five trustees; annual income not to exceed five thousand

dollars; not to issue any circulating medium or exercise any

banking privilege; to establish and carry forward a school in the

city of Cincinnati, wherein may be taught all branches of litera-

ture and science.

O. L., XXXIX, local, 103, March 27, 1841. Berkshire Education Society,

Delaware County; David Prince and three others.

O. L., XLI, local, 85, February 17, 1843. Western Reserve Free Will Bap-

tist Academical Society; S. B. Philbrick and nine others; pro-

moting and encouraging education; if the managers shall receive

blacks and mulattoes into the same upon equality with white

persons it shall work a forfeiture of all the powers hereby

granted.

O. L., XLII, local, 60, February 15, 1844. The Sylvania High School

Company, Lucas County; John P. Pease and three others; prop-

erty not to exceed ten thousand dollars; the establishment of a

high school and to promote and afford therein instruction in

the usual branches of a sound, practical and liberal education and

in the languages, arts and sciences.

O. L., XLII, local, 163, March 12, 1844. The Western Reserve Free Will

Baptist Education Society; S. B. Philbrick and nine others; pro-

moting and encouraging education and sustaining the Western

Reserve Manual Labor Seminary in Chester.

174 Ohio Arch

174 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XLIV, local, 161, February 23, 1846. Madison Education Society;

Joshua Harkwell and eight others; nine trustees; stock company,

shares twenty dollars.

ACTS CONCERNING HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES AND THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES.

Ohio University.

Territorial Acts, Nashee's Compilation, Page 219, December 18, 1799.

Resolution that Rufus Putnam, Ives Kleeman, Jonathan Stone,

Esqs., be requested to lay off in Townships 8 and 9 in Washing-

ton County a town plat with a square for the colleges, lots for

the president and professors, tutors, etc., bordering on or en-

circled by spacious commons.

Territorial Acts, Nashee's Compilation, Page 220, January 9, 1802. An

act establishing a University in the town of Athens

SEC. 1. That there shall be a university instituted and estab-

lished in the town of Athens by the name and style of the Amer-

ican Western University, for the instruction of youth in all

branches of the liberal arts and sciences, for the promotion of

good education, virtue, religion and morality, and for conferring

of the degrees and literary honors granted in similar institutions.

SEC. 2. Creating a body politic.

SEC. 3. Appointing the Honorable Rufus Putnam, Joseph

Kleeman, Return Jonathan Meigs and seven others; created a

body politic.

SEC. 11. Vesting Townships 8 and 9 granted by Congress in

said corporation forever.

SEC. 18. The legislature may grant further powers or alter

limit or restrain any of the powers by this vested in this cor-

poration.

O. L., I, 148, April 16, 1803. Resolution appointing three commissioners

to appraise the college townships in Washington Township.

O. L., II, 193, February 18, 1804.

SEC. 2. Creating a body politic and corporate by the name

and style of the President and Trustees of the Ohio University,

to consist of the Governor of the state, the President, and not

more than fifteen nor less than ten trustees.

SEC. 8. Vacancies caused by death shall be filled at the next

meeting of the legislature.

SEC. 9. The faculty shall direct and cause to be holden

quarterly in every year a public examination, at which time the

faculty shall attend, when each class of the students shall be

examined relative to the proficiency they shall have made in the

particular arts and sciences or branches of education in which

they shall have been instructed.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 175

SEC. 13. Directing the trustees to lay oft the town of Athens

conformably to a plan made out by Rufus Putnam and others.

SEC. 14. Providing that the annual rents and profits shall

be appropriated to the endowment of the University.

SEC. 17. Exempting the lands in the two townships appro-

priated, together with the buildings, from all state taxes.

O. L., III, 79, February 21, 1805. Amendatory, providing for appraising

and leasing the land in the two college townships for ninety-nine

years, renewable forever. No land to be valued for less than

one dollar and seventy-five cents per acre.

O. L., V, 85, Jan. 23, 1807. Amendatory, authorizing the trustees to lease

the appraised lots that have been appraised at less than one dol-

lar and seventy-five cents.

O. L., VII, 167, February 15, 1809. Sec. 2. Trustees shall have power

until the year 1811 to receive articles or produce from the

lessees in payment of rent.

O. L., XVI, 37, December 29, 1817. An act to authorize the drawing of

a lottery for the benefit of the Ohio University.

"WHEREAS the diffusion of science and literature has ever

been found to be auspicious to the interests of liberty and the

purity and permanence of republican institutions:"

SEC. 1. Seven commissioners are authorized to raise by lot-

tery a sum not to exceed twenty thousand dollars to defray

the expenses of building a college edifice and to purchase a

library and suitable mathematical and philosophical apparatus.

O. L., XXIII, 19, February 25, 1825. An act for the better regulation of

the Medical College of Ohio and making certain appropriations

therein named.

SEC. 7. That the sum of one thousand dollars be appropri-

ated for the use of the Ohio University to be paid out of the

lottery fund and to be applied by direction of the trustees for

the purpose of paying any debts that may have been contracted

for the purchase of philosophical apparatus or for any addition

to the Library.

O. L., XXVII, 8, January 10, 1829. Amendatory, the Board of Trustees

shall report annually to the Auditor of State the amount of

money arising from the sale of lands situated in the College

Township; when the money is deposited with the Treasurer of

State it shall be placed to the credit of the Ohio University.

O. L., XXXIV, 643, March 7, 1836. WHEREAS by a resolution of January

30, 1827, it is made the duty of the President and Trustees of

the Ohio University annually to report the condition of said

University:

Resolved, That the President and Trustees of the Ohio Uni-

versity be required to report to the legislature a statement of the

condition of said University.

176 Ohio Arch

176 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXXV, 543, January 12, 1837. "WHEREAS the legislature of this

state do possess a controlling power over the officers of the Ohio

University, and whereas no report can be found on the files of

this legislature made by the President and Trustees of said

University":

Requiring a report on the total amount of revenue and its

source, amount of disbursements and the purpose, state of build-

ings, amount of debts due, to whom and for what expended, the

number of professors engaged, the branches of literature and

science taught by each, and a list of the number of students in

each year commencing with the first day of April, 1826 to the

first day of January, 1837, inclusive.

O. L., XXXVI, 205, March 7, 1838. An act providing for a loan to the

Ohio University.

SEC. 1. Authorizing the Commissioners of the Canal Fund

to loan from the sinking fund five thousand dollars to the Ohio

University to be paid back in annual instalments of one thou-

sand dollars each, interest at six per cent.

0. L., XLI, 44, March 10, 1843. An act to declare the true intent and

meaning of the first section of the act entitled, "An act to amend

an act entitled an act to establish a university in the town of

Athens, passed February 21, 1805."

SEC. 1. "That it is the true intent and meaning of said act

that the leases granted under said act and the one to which that

was an amendment should not be subject to a revaluation at

any time thereafter."

O. L., XLV, 176, February 8, 1847. An act to provide for the funding of

debts for the Ohio University.

SEC. 1. Authorizing the President and Trustees to fund any

amount of the debts due from said University not exceeding ten

thousand dollars in sums not less than one hundred dollars each,

for such length of time and for such rates of interest not ex-

ceeding seven per cent per annum as may be agreed upon.

Miami University.

O. L., I, 66, April 15, 1803. An act to provide for the locating of a college

township in the District of Cincinnati.

SEC. 1. That one township in the District of Cincinnati, or

equivalent land equal to thirty-six sections, shall be located and

entered for the use and support of an academy in lieu of the

college township heretofore granted in trust to John C. Symmes

and his associates.

SEC. 2. Directing the Commissioners appointed to select such

lands as are most valuable "having due regard to the quality of

the land, the situation for health, the goodness of the water, and

the advantage of inland navigation".

Appendix A

Appendix A. 177

O. L., VII, 184, February 17, 1809. An act to establish the Miami

University.

SEC. 1. For the instruction of youth in all the various

branches of the liberal arts and sciences, for the promotion of

good education, virtue, religion and morality, and for conferring

all the literary honors granted in similar institutions; and benefits

and advantages of the said University shall be open to all the

citizens within this state.

SEC. 2. Creating a body politic, a president and not more

than fourteen or less than seven trustees.

SEC. 8. The faculty shall cause to be holden in the said

University at least once ever year a public examination, at

which time the faculty shall attend, etc.

SEC. 10. Vesting the township granted by Congress in the

Cincinnati District, in the said corporation for the sole use,

benefit and support of the said University, with power to sub-

divide and sell the same for terms of ninety-nine years; renew-

able forever; subject to a revaluation every fifteen years; mini-

mum price two dollars per acre.

SEC. 11. The clear annual rents and profits to be appro-

priated "in such manner as shall most effectually promote virtue,

and morality" and knowledge of such languages, liberal arts and

sciences as shall hereafter be directed from time to time by said

corporation.

SEC. 15. Legislature shall have power to grant any further

and greater powers or alter, limit or restrain any of the powers

by this act vested.

SEC. 17. Alexander Campbell, The Reverend James Kil-

bourne and The Reverend Robert G. Wilson appointed to select

a permanent seat for the University.

O. L., VIII, 94, February 6, 1810. Amendatory, That the trustees of the

Miami University shall cause a town to be laid off on such part

of land described in said act as they may think proper, to be

known by the name of "Oxford."

SEC. 2. The said University is hereby established on said

land and such place as the trustees may think proper, and they

are authorized to direct such building and buildings to be erected

as they deem necessary.

O. L., XII, 83, February 1, 1814. Amendatory. SEC. 1. Trustees are

required to make an accurate statement of all proceedings both

as respects the disposal of land as well as the state of the funds

arising from the proceeds to the legislature.

O. L., XVII, 131, February 5, 1819. Amendatory. SEC. 1. Not more than

four trustees shall reside out of the limits of the John Cleve

Symmes Purchase; none of them shall reside within the college

township.

Vol. XXVII- 12.

178 Ohio Arch

178 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XLVI, 291, February 7, 1848. Repealing so much of the act as

provides that not more than four of the trustees shall reside out

of the limits of the John Cleve Symmes Purchase.

O. L., XLVII, 398. (No date). Resolution appointing a committee of

three to examine into and report to the next General Assembly

the condition of the Miami University and the cause of its de-

cline, with such recommendations as they may deem proper to

make, and that said committee shall have power to send for re-

ports and papers, and to administer all acts necessary to said in-

vestigation.

Cincinnati University.

O. L., V, 64, January 23, 1807. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Uni-

versity.

J. S. Gano and forty-eight others.

SEC. 3. "That all parcels of land, tenants, rents, annuities,

profits on any goods, chattels, or any other effects . . . and

shall have power to appropriate any funds belonging to said cor-

poration in improving the present university and making further

improvements on the tract of land thereunto now belonging or

for educating poor children"; stock company, shares ten dollars.

O. L., V, 120, February 3, 1807. An act authorizing the citizens of Cin-

cinnati and its vicinity to raise six thousand dollars for certain

purposes; authorizes the appointing of commissioners to raise

by lottery a sum not to exceed six thousand dollars for Cincin-

nati University.

Cincinnati College.

O. L., XVII, 46, January 22, 1819. Jacob Burrett and nineteen others

incorporated as trustees and faculty of the Cincinnati College;

annual income not to exceed eleven thousand dollars; stock com-

pany, shares twenty-five dollars each; control thirteen trustees;

the religious tenets that may be peculiar to any sect or denomi-

nation shall never be taught or enforced in the College; Board

of Trustees may grant all or any of the degrees that are usually

conferred in any college or university within the United States.

O. L., XLIII, 376, March 11, 1845. Authorizing the trustees to borrow

not to exceed thirty-five thousand dollars.

Worthington College.

O. L., XVII, 155, February 8, 1819. An act to establish a college in the

town of Worthington by the name and style of the "Worthing-

ton College" for the instruction of youth in all the liberal arts

and sciences, in virtue, religion and literary honors granted in

similar institutions.

Philander Chase and eleven others created a body politic.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 179

Kenyon College.

O. L., XXIII, 12, December 22, 1824. An act to incorporate the Theo-

logical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the

Diocese of Ohio.

SEC. 1. The Right Reverend Philander Chase, now Bishop

of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and eight others, the pres-

ent trustees, are created a body corporate; annual income ex-

clusive of lands or tenants occupied by said seminary, not to

exceed twenty thousand dollars.

The General Assembly may at any time hereafter modify

or repeal this act, but no such modification shall divert the real

and personal property of the seminary to any other purpose than

the education of ministers of the gospel in the Protestant Epis-

copal Church in the United States of America.

O. L., XXIV, January 24, 1826. Supplementary. SEC. 1. The presi-

dent and professors of said seminary shall be considered as the

faculty of a college, and as such have the power of conferring

degrees in the arts and sciences and of performing all such other

acts as pertain to the faculties of colleges for the encourage-

ment and reward of learning, and the name and style by which

the said degrees shall be conferred and the certificate of learn-

ing given shall be that of the president and professors of Ken-

yon College in the State of Ohio.

0. L., XXVI, 176, January 11, 1828. Resolved, That this General As-

sembly approve of the object of the application of The Reverend

Philander Chase to the Congress of the United States for a

donation of a tract or tracts of public lands for the support of

Kenyon College, and that the Senators and Representatives of

this state in the Congress of the United States be requested to

use their exertions in aid and support of the said application.

O. L., XXXVII, 353, March 6, 1839. Supplementary. SEC. 1. Trustees

shall have power in connection with said seminary to establish

a college and halls for preparatory education.

SEC. 2. Power to confer degrees as president and professors

of Kenyon College.

SEC. 3. The president and professors of said Theological

Seminary shall have power to confer degrees in Theology by

the name and style of the president and professors of the Theo-

logical Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio.

Franklin College.

O. L., XXIII, 22, January 22, 1825. An act to incorporate the College of

Alma in the town of Athens, Harrison County.

John Rhea and thirteen others are created a body corporate

with full power to confer degrees.

180 Ohio Arch

180 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXIV, 49, January 31, 1826. Amendatory. Changing the name to

Franklin College.

O. L., XXXIV, 610, March 14, 1836. An act making an appropriation to

Franklin College in the County of Harrison and Ripley College

in the County of Brown.

SEC. 1. Appropriating five hundred dollars to each college,

to be applied in such manner as the Board of Trustees shall

direct.

Western Reserve University.

O. L., XXIV, 93, February 7, 1826. An act to incorporate the trustees

of the Western Reserve College.

SEC. 1. George Swift and eleven others are created a body

politic to be styled the Board of Trustees of Western Reserve

College with power to confer on those whom they may deem

worthy all such honors and degrees as are usually conferred in

similar institutions.

SEC. 2. Said college shall be located in the Township of

Hudson, Portage County, and erected in a plan sufficiently ex-

tensive to afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences, and

the trustees may erect additional departments for the study of

any or all of the liberal professions.

O. L., XLII, 95, February 23, 1844. Amendatory. SEC. 1. That the trus-

tees of the Western Reserve College are authorized to establish

a medical department in the City of Cleveland, and to confer

degrees and other diplomas.

Lane Seminary.

0. L., XXVII, 118, February 11, 1829. An act to incorporate the Lane

Seminary in the County of Hamilton.

SEC. 1. "That there shall be and hereby is established in

the County of Hamilton a theological institution for the educa-

tion of young men for the gospel ministry by the name of the

Lane Seminary."

SEC. 3. "That the officers and members of the Executive

Committee shall reside in the City of Cincinnati or this vicinity,

a majority of whom together with all the professors and in-

structors of said institution shall be members of the Presbyte-

rian Church in good standing under the general care of the

General Assembly of the Church in the United States." Board

of Trustees shall have power to confer any of the degrees in

divinity usually granted in the colleges and universities of the

United States.

SEC. 5. "That a fundamental rule or principle of said in-

stitution shall be that every student therein when in good health

Appendix A

Appendix A. 181

shall be required to spend not less than three nor more than

four hours each day in agricultural or mechanical labor, the

profits of which shall be applied to defray the expense of the

institution and the board and tuition of the students."

O. L., XXXVI, 22, January 16, 1838. Amendatory. The Board of Trus-

tees shall consist of not less than thirteen nor more than twenty-

five.

Ripley College.

O. L., XXVIII, 88, February 9, 1830. An act to incorporate the College

of Ripley in the County of Brown.

Allan Trimbell and twenty-one others are created a body

politic with full power and authority to confer degrees; annual

income not to exceed twenty thousand dollars; no religious doc-

trines peculiar to any sect of Christians shall ever be inculcated;

vacancies in the trustees to be filled by the General Assembly.

Marietta College.

O. L., XXXI, 18, December 17, 1832. An act to incorporate the Marietta

Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary.

Luther G. Bingham and eight others are created a body

politic; purpose, the instruction of youth in the various branches

of useful knowledge and especially the education of teachers

for common schools; annual income not to exceed five thousand

dollars.

O. L., XXXIII, 53, February 14, 1835. An act to incorporate Marietta

College.

SEC. 1. That there shall be and there is hereby established

in the County of Washington an institution for the education

of youth in the various branches of useful knowledge by the

name of the Marietta College.

SEC. 4. Annual income not to exceed five thousand dollars;

funds shall never be used for purposes of banking.

SEC. 6. Power to confer such honors and degrees as are

usually conferred in similar institutions.

O. L., XLIII, 4, December 31, 1844. Amendatory, it shall be lawful for

the board to increase the number of trustees not to exceed

twenty-five.

Denison University.

O. L., XXX, 88, February 2, 1832. An act to incorporate the "Granville

Literary and Theological Institution."

Jonathan Atwood and six others; the present trustees of said

institution are constituted a body politic; income from property

182 Ohio Arch

182 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

not used by said institution or its officers or professors not to

exceed five thousand dollars.

SEC. 2. Trustees have power to confer on those whom they

may think worthy all such honors and degrees as are conferred

by similar institutions.

SEC 3. Trustees may increase their number, but not to ex-

ceed eighteen.

O. L., XXXII, 215, February 27, 1834. Amendatory. Trustees shall have

power to increase the number of trustees not exceeding thirty-

six nor less than twelve.

O. L., XLIII, 54, February 3, 1845. Amendatory. Changing the name

to "The Granville College."

SEC. 2. The trustees may as their ability shall increase erect

additional departments for the study of any or all of the liberal

professions.

Oberlin College.

O. L., XXXII, 226, February 2, 1834. An act to incorporate the Oberlin

Collegiate Institute.

Henry Brown and eight others are created a body politic to

be styled the Board of Trustees of the Oberlin Collegiate In-

stitute with power to confer on those whom they deem worthy

such honors and degrees as are usually conferred in similar

institutions.

SEC. 2. That the said institution shall remain in Lorain

County and shall afford instruction in the liberal arts and

sciences and the trustees may erect additional departments for

such other branches of education as they may think necessary

or useful.

SEC. 3. They may increase the number of trustees to twelve

exclusive of the president.

SEC. 4. The president shall be ex officio a member of the

Board of Trustees and president of the same.

SEC. 6. The funds to be applied in erecting suitable build-

ings and supporting officers and in securing books, maps, charts,

and other apparatus necessary to the well-being of the institu-

tion.

O. L., XLVIII, 632, March 21, 1850. Amendatory-changing the name

of the Oberlin Collegiate Institute to Oberlin College.

Willoughby University of Lake Erie.

O. L., XXXII, 376, March 3, 1834. An act to incorporate the Willoughby

University of Lake Erie.

Nehemia Allan and two others are created a body politic.

Purpose--the instruction of young men and youth in the

Appendix A

Appendix A. 183

various branches of literature and sciences; annual income from

real estate not to exceed five thousand dollars; power of con-

ferring degrees in the arts, sciences, and professions.

O. L., XLV, 7, January 14, 1847. Amendatory. SEC. 1. Trustees are

authorized to transfer the medical department of said univer-

sity from Willoughby and establish the same at the City of Co-

lumbus to be known as the Willoughby Medical College at Co-

lumbus.

German Reform Theological Seminary.

O. L., XXXV, 9, December 20, 1836. An act to incorporate the German

Reform Synod of Ohio.

SEC. 2. For the purpose of furthering the interests of the

German Reform Church in Ohio by erecting a house or houses

for a theological seminary or for establishing all the necessary

conveniences for an institution of learning wherein to prepare

men for the gospel ministry.

St. Clairsville Collegiate Seminary.

O. L., XXXV, 55, January 30, 1837. An act to incorporate the St. Clairs-

ville Collegiate Seminary.

James Moore and thirty-eight others are created a body

politic; "all property shall be for the purpose and no other of

educating females"; annual income from funds not to exceed

ten thousand dollars; instruction and the means of education

in the said seminary whether in the primary or collegiate de-

partment shall never be confined or restricted to the tenets of

any separate sect or denomination of religion.

SEC. 15. Corporation shall report annually to the General

Assembly the number of scholars taught the preceding year and

the condition of the corporation.

Muskingum College.

0. L., XXXV, 272, March 18, 1837. An act to incorporate the Muskingum

College.

Robert Wallace and eight others associated for the purpose

of establishing a seminary of learning at or near the town of

New Concord in Muskingum County are created a body politic;

nine directors with power to increase same to fifteen.

Baptist Literary and Collegiate Institute.

O. L., XXXV, 347, March 29, 1837. An act to incorporate the Baptist

Literary and Collegiate Institute of Huron County.

SEC. 1. For the education of young men.

184 Ohio Arch

184 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

SEC. 2. Board self-perpetuating, not less than twenty-one

nor more than twenty-five.

SEC. 3. Officers and members of the Executive Committee

shall reside in Huron County, a majority of whom, together

with all the professors, tutors, teachers and instructors, shall

be members of the regular Baptist Church in good standing.

SEC. 5. "The design of this institution shall be to give a

thorough literary and collegiate education; the income and tuition

of which shall be applied to defraying the expense of the in-

stitution and the board and tuition of the students."

Wesleyan Collegiate Institute.

O. L., XXXV, 378, March 31, 1837. An act to incorporate the trustees

of the Wesleyan Collegiate Institute.

Jacob Ward and nine others are created a body politic; to

be located at Olmstead and erected on a plan sufficiently extensive

to afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences.

Logan College.

O. L., XXXVI, 203, March 7, 1838. An act to incorporate Logan College.

James Wallace and twenty others are created a body cor-

porate.

Theological Seminary, Reform Synod.

O. L., XXXVI, 34, January 22, 1838. An act to incorporate the Theo-

logical Seminary of the Associated Reform Synod of the West.

SEC. 1. That there shall be established at Oxford in Butler

County a theological institution for the education of young men

for the gospel ministry; annual income of property not to ex-

ceed two thousand dollars.

Central College.

O. L., XL, 77, March 2, 1842. An act to incorporate the trustees of the

Central College of Ohio.

H. L. Hitchcock and thirteen others are created a body

politic with power to confer on those whom they may deem

worthy all such honors and degrees as are usually conferred

by colleges; said college shall afford instruction in the liberal

arts and sciences usually taught in colleges; shall be allowed

to have an academical department.

St. Xavier College.

O. L., XL, 84, March 5, 1842. An act to incorporate the St. Xavier

College.

"That there shall be and there is hereby established in the

city of Cincinnati an institution, for the education of white

Appendix A

Appendix A. 185

youth in the various branches of useful knowledge, by the name

of the Trustees of St. Xavier's College"; property not to ex-

ceed forty thousand dollars; no part of funds to be used in

banking; trustees shall have power to confer honors and degrees.

Ohio Wesleyan University.

O. L., XL, 111, March 7, 1842. An act to incorporate the trustees of

the Ohio Wesleyan University.

WHEREAS, "The Ohio and North Ohio Annual Conference

of the Methodist Episcopal Church have determined upon estab-

lishing an extensive university or college in this state to the

support of which they are pledged to use their utmost efforts,

and which university is ever to be conducted on the most lib-

eral principles, accessible to all religious denominations, and

designed for the benefit of our citizens in general", therefore:

SEC. 1. William Neff and twenty others are created a body

politic.

SEC. 3. That the Ohio and North Ohio Conferences of

the Methodist Episcopal Church, or such other conferences

as may be formed out of these conferences, shall fill the vacan-

cies occurring in the Board of Trustees, and shall annually

appoint any number of visitors not exceeding three for each

conference, who shall attend the meetings of the Board of Trus-

tees and shall constitute a joint board in the appointment and

removal of all officers of the said university.

SEC. 5. The university shall be styled the Ohio Wesleyan

University and shall be located in or near Delaware, Ohio.

Lafayette University.

O. L., XL, 119, March 7, 1842. An act to incorporate Lafayette Univer-

sity at New Carlisle, Clark County.

SEC. 1. There is hereby established "an institution for the

education of youth in the various branches of useful knowl-

edge"; William G. Serviss and twenty others are appointed trus-

tees; annual income of real property not to exceed five thousand

dollars; funds shall never be used for banking; the said cor-

poration shall have power to confer honors and degrees.

Germania College.

O. L., XLI, 12, January 11, 1843. An act to incorporate the trustees of

the Germania College.

Jacob Leist and eight others are created a body politic for

thirty years with power to confer honors and degrees; not less

than eleven nor more than twenty-one trustees.

SEC. 5. "The said college shall afford instruction in the

186 Ohio Arch

186 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

liberal arts and sciences usually taught in colleges, and shall be

allowed to establish an academical department for the instruc-

tion of students in the various branches of an academical edu-

cation and general knowledge not included in the usual colle-

giate course, and for the instruction of those who design to be

teachers of schools."

Providence College.

O. L., XLI, 63, February 9, 1843. An act to incorporate Providence

College and that for the purpose of establishing a college for

the education of youth in the various branches of useful knowl-

edge, Wilson Shannon and twenty others are created a body

politic with power to confer honors and degrees; trustees not

less than eleven nor more than twenty-one.

SEC. 5. "The said college shall afford instruction in the

liberal arts and sciences usually taught in colleges and shall be

allowed to have an academical department, etc."

SEC. 9. The private and individual property of the incor-

porators shall be held responsible for the payment of debts of

said college.

Beverly College.

O. L., XLI, 92, February 28, 1843. An act to incorporate the Beverly

College at Beverly for the purpose of educating youth in the

learned and foreign languages, the liberal arts and sciences, and

literature; Board of Trustees not to exceed twenty-one; A. M.

Bryan and twenty others named as the first trustees incorpo-

rated a body politic; annual income not to exceed five thousand

dollars; Board of Trustees to be elected by the Pennsylvania

Synod of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church.

Methodist Female Collegiate Institute.

O. L., XLI, 146, March 10, 1843. An act to incorporate the trustees of

the Methodist Female Collegiate Institute of Cincinnati. Thomas

A. Morris and twelve others.

Western Female College.

O. L., XLIV, 171, February 24, 1846. An act to incorporate the trustees

of the Western Female College of Cincinnati. Thomas A. Mor-

ris and twenty-one others; trustees to be chosen by the Board

of Trustees of eight local Methodist Churches, and the min-

isters of the M. E. Church in Cincinnati, with the agents and

editors of the Western Book Concern to be trustees ex officio;

purpose-"the instruction of the pupils therein in the arts and

sciences and in all necessary and useful and ornamental branches

Appendix A

Appendix A. 187

of an efficient and liberal education, such as is taught in the

best female academies;" power to grant literary honors and de-

grees.

Bellefontaine College.

O. L., XLI, 220, March 13, 1843. An act to incorporate the Bellefon-

taine, Ohio, College.

Joseph Stevenson and fourteen others; to afford instruc-

tion in the common branches of a liberal education and in the

liberal arts and sciences; property not to exceed two hundred

thousand dollars; a board of fifteen trustees.

SEC. 10. If from any cause the corporation shall dissolve,

the property of said institution, after its debts are paid, shall

go to the Common School Fund of the State of Ohio.

English Lutheran Theological and Collegiate Institute.

O. L., XLII, 189, March 17, 1844. An act to incorporate the Board of

Directors of the English Lutheran Theological and Collegiate

Institute of Wooster, Wayne County.

William Godfrey Keil and eleven others; property not to

exceed ten thousand dollars; power to grant degrees in the lib-

eral arts and sciences; trustees appointed by the English Evan-

gelical Lutheran Synod.

Ft. Meigs University.

O. L., XLIII, 80, February 10, 1845. An act to incorporate the trustees

of Ft. Meigs University. John C. Spink and eleven others,

location - Perrysburg, Wood County; "to be erected on a plan

sufficiently extensive to afford instruction in the liberal arts and

sciences" and that trustees may erect additional departments

for instruction in the languages, arts and sciences, and in all

of the liberal professions; power to confer degrees; degrees

shall not be conferred until the corporation shall have obtained

property to the amount of ten thousand dollars; twelve trustees.

Protestant University of the United States.

O. L., XLIII, 345, March 10, 1845. An act to incorporate the seven trus-

tees of the Protestant University of the United States.

William Wilson and twenty-nine others; location--in or

near Cincinnati; "the promotion and advancement of education,

the cultivation and diffusion of literature, science, and the arts,

in all their departments and formalities".

SEC. 11. The corporation shall have power to establish a

sectarian religious test as a condition of enjoying the honors

and privileges of the university, provided that it shall always

188 Ohio Arch

188 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

be conducted in conformity to the Reformed Protestant religion

as taught in the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testa-

ments; degrees not to be conferred until the corporation shall

have fifteen thousand dollars in property; annual income not

to exceed twenty thousand dollars; said university shall report

annually to the legislature.

Wittenberg College.

O. L., XLIII, 375, March 11, 1845. An act to incorporate the Board of

Directors of Wittenberg College; John Hamilton and fifteen

others; degrees shall not be conferred until the corporation have

acquired property to the value of ten thousand dollars; Board

of Directors appointed by the English Evangelical Synod of

Ohio and the Miami Synod.

Farmers' College.

O. L., XLIV, 165, February 23, 1846. An act to incorporate the Farmers'

College of Hamilton County. Charles Cheney and fourteen

others; stock company, shares thirty dollars.

SEC. 5. "The objects of this association shall be to direct

and cultivate the minds of the students in a thorough and

scientific course of studies, particularly adapted to agricultural

pursuits ;" real property not to exceed forty thousand dollars.

Marietta Female College.

O. L., XLV, 140, February 8, 1847. An act to incorporate the Marietta

Female College; David C. Skinner and four others; a board

of three to fifteen trustees; stock company, shares twenty-five

dollars each, capital stock not to exceed twenty thousand dol-

lars; the instruction of females in all the necessary and useful

and ornamental branches of a thorough and liberal education.

Muhlenberg College.

O. L., XLVI, 19, January 11, 1848. An act to incorporate the Board of

Directors of Muhlenberg College at the town of Jefferson, Har-

rison County.

Moses Bartholomew and fourteen others; directors ap-

pointed by the English branch of the Evangelical Lutheran

Joint Synod of Ohio and adjacent states; degrees shall not be

conferred until the corporation have property to the value of

ten thousand dollars.

Judson College.

O. L., XLVII, local, 259, February 10, 1849. An act to incorporate the

Judson College at Jefferson, County of Harrison; transferring

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Appendix A. 189

the rights, franchises, etc., of Muhlenberg College to the Board

of Directors of Judson College.

Medina College.

O. L., XLVI, 188, February 18, 1848. An act to incorporate Medina

College. Stephan N. Sargeant and thirteen others; stock com-

pany, shares twenty dollars each; capital stock not to exceed

twenty thousand dollars.

Newton College.

O. L., XLVI, 211, February 19, 1848. An act to incorporate Newton

College, Hamilton County.

Joseph Jackson and eleven others; stock company, shares

fifty dollars; twelve trustees; "to direct and cultivate the minds

of the students thoroughly in literary, classical and scientific

studies for a regular course, and studies for an irregular course

as the trustees may deem proper;" degrees shall not be conferred

until the corporation have property to the amount of ten thou-

sand dollars; real property not to exceed two hundred thousand

dollars.

O. L., XLVI, 220, February 21, 1848. An act to incorporate the Edin-

burgh College.

George Hackett and sixteen others.

SEC. 5. The said college shall afford instruction in the lib-

eral arts and sciences usually taught in colleges, and shall be

allowed to have an academical department, etc.; the corpora-

tion shall not confer degrees until it have obtained property

to the amount of ten thousand dollars.

Mt. Washington College.

O. L., XLVII, 236, February 21, 1849. An act to incorporate the Mt.

Washington College in Hamilton County; Thomas H. Whet-

stone and eight others; stock company, shares fifty dollars each;

eight trustees; property not to exceed two hundred thousand

dollars; "to direct and cultivate the minds of the students thor-

oughly in literary, classical and scientific studies for a regular

course" and also an irregular course as the trustees shall de-

cide; corporation shall not grant degrees until the college shall

have obtained property to the amount of ten thousand dollars.

Otterbein University.

O. L., XLVII, 257, February 13, 1849. An act to incorporate the Otter-

bein University of Ohio. Louis Davis and two others named

of the Scioto Annual Conference of the Church of the United

Brethren of Christ and Jacob Barger and two others named

190 Ohio Arch

190 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

of the Sandusky Annual Conference of the South Church;

power to confer degrees; location - Westerville; the corpora-

tion shall afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences

usually taught in colleges, and be allowed to have an academical

department; they may use funds in the erection of buildings,

purchase of lots, mechanical implements wherewith to maintain

the manual labor connected with said university; no part of the

property to be used for banking; honors and degrees shall not

be conferred until the corporation have property to the amount

of ten thousand dollars.

O. L., XLVIII, 619, March 2, 1850. An act to incorporate the Capital

University. James Manning and thirty others; purpose--the

promotion of religion, morality and learning; trustees to be

chosen by the Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and

by the Board of Trustees created by the act of incorporation.

Cambridge College.

O. L., XLVIII, 621, March 22, 1850. An act to incorporate the Cambridge

College. John Fordyce and eight others are created a body pol-

itic to be styled "the Trustees of the Cambridge College of the

Methodist Protestant Church"; vacancies in the board to be filled

by the Muskingum Annual Conference of the Methodist Prot-

estate Church and one member of the Conference shall annually

attend the meetings of the Board; purpose-the instruction of

students in the arts and sciences, in the learned professions, and

all branches of learning as are usually taught in the colleges of

the country; "the college shall be conducted on the most liberal

principles and open alike to all religious denominations and to

the community in general."

Geneva Hall.

O. L. XLVIII, 672, March 7, 1850. An act to incorporate the

Geneva Hall. J. B. Johnston and ten others; seven trustees;

stock company, shares fifty dollars each; location - Northwood,

Logan County; capital stock not to exceed fifty thousand dollars;

the promotion of learning, morality and religion; power to es-

tablish a literary and theological department, the theological

department to be known by the name of "The Theological Sem-

inary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church."

Urbana University.

O. L., XLVIII, 624, March 7, 1850. An act to incorporate the Urbana

University; a board of twelve trustees; Milo G. Williams and

eleven others; purpose - to encourage and promote the diffusion

of knowledge in all the branches of academic and scientific, and

Appendix A

Appendix A. 191

exegetic instruction, and to combine therewith instruction in the

productive arts and practice of rural economy; power to confer

degrees; to be under the management of persons recognized as

belonging to the New Church.

ACTS CONCERNING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

MEDICAL EDUCATION

O. L., IX, 19, Jan. 14, 1811. An act regulating the practice of Physic

and Surgery. Five Medical Districts created, three medical ex-

aminers in each to license applicants.

O. L., X, 58, Feb. 8, 1812. An act to incorporate a Medical Society.

Seven medical districts. Power to appoint examining commit-

tees. Practicing without license $5.00 to $100.00 penalty for each

offense.

O. L., XI, 28, Jan. 18, 1813. An act regulating the practice of physic and

surgery.

O. L., XV, 195, Jan. 28, 1817. An act regulating the practice of physic

and surgery.

O. L., XVI, 105, Jan. 30, 1818. Amendatory. Allowing any person who

has received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from any medical

school in the U. S. to receive license without examination.

Medical College of Ohio.

O. L., XVII, 37, Jan. 19, 1819. An act to authorize the establishment of

a medical college. Name: Medical College of Ohio. Location:

Cincinnati. Professorships: Practice of Medicine, Anatomy,

Surgery, Materia Medica, Obstetrics, etc., and Chemistry and

Pharmacy.

O. L., XVIII, 162, Dec. 30, 1819. Amendatory. Two-thirds of faculty

necessary to create or abolish professorships.

O. L., XIX, 28, Jan. 15, 1821. An act regulating the practice of Physic

and Surgery. Creating the Medical Convention of Ohio, which

may select annually two medical students destitute of means and

recommend to the Medical College whose duty it shall be to ex-

tend to them gratuitously all its advantages.

O. L., XIX, 58, Jan. 22, 1821. An act establishing a Commercial Hospital

and Lunatic Asylum for the State of Ohio. Location: Cincinnati.

Faculty of Medical College to give medical and surgical advice.

Students may witness treatment of patients.

O. L., XXI, 4, Dec. 13, 1822. Amendatory. Medical College of Ohio.

Corporate powers vested in a Board of Trustees instead of the

faculty. Trustees appointed by the General Assembly.

O. L., XXII, 142, Feb. 26, 1824. An act to incorporate Medical Socie-

ties, etc.

192 Ohio Arch

192 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXIII, 16, Jan. 28, 1825. Amendatory to the preceding.

O. L., XXIII, 19, Feb. 15, 1825. An act for the better regulation of the

Medical College of Ohio. Making certain appropriations, etc.

O. L., XXIV, 4, Dec. 31, 1825. An act to incorporate the Medical College

of Ohio and to revise and repeal all existing laws concerning it.

0. L., XXXVI, 37, March 7, 1838. An act for the relief of the Medical

College of Ohio. Appropriating $1,500.00.

Cincinnati Medical Academy.

O. L., XXVI, 54, Jan. 18, 1828. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati

Medical Academy. Benjamin Piatt and ten others.

O. L., XXIX, 66, Jan. 31, 1831. Amendatory. The Medical College of

Ohio. Appropriating one-fourth of the money arising from

taxes on auction sales in Hamilton County for a five year period

to the Medical College, not to exceed $30,000.00.

Ohio Medical Lyceum.

O. L., XXXI, 207, Feb. 22, 1833. An act to incorporate the Ohio Medical

Lyceum in the city of Cincinnati.

0. L., XXXI, 269, Feb. 25, 1833. Resolution. Free tuition in Medical

College to one indigent student from each medical district in the

state, on appointment of the censors.

O. L., XXXI, 272, Feb. 25, 1833. Resolution. Governor to appoint a

committee of five to inspect and report on the condition, etc., of

the Medical College of Ohio.

Medina Medical Lyceum.

O. L., XXXII, 9, Dec. 24, 1833. An act to incorporate the Medina Med-

ical Lyceum.

Lebanon Medical Society.

O. L., XXXVI, 347, March 16, 1838. An act to incorporate the Lebanon

Medical Society.

Literary and Botanical Medical College of the State of Ohio.

O. L., XXXVII, 208, March 8, 1839. An act to incorporate the Directors

of the Literary and Botanical Medical College of the State of

Ohio.

O. L., XXXIX, 161, March 29, 1841. Amendatory. Locating the above

corporation in Cincinnati during the continuation of the charter.

Eaton Medical Society.

0. L., XL, 83, March 3, 1842. An act to incorporate the Eaton Medical

Society.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 193

Morgan County Medical Society.

O. L., XLI, 145, March 10, 1843. An act to incorporate the Morgan

County Medical Society.

Dudley Medical University.

O. L., XLII, 179, March 12, 1844. An act to incorporate the Dudley Med-

ical University of Wadsworth.

Summit County Medical Society.

O. L., XLII, 183, March 12, 1844. An act to incorporate the Summit

County Medical Society.

College of Dental Surgery.

O. L., XLIII, 32, Jan. 21, 1845. An act to authorize the establishment of

a College of Dental Surgery. Location: Cincinnati.

Medical Institute of Cincinnati.

O. L., XLIII, 257, March 10, 1845. An act to incorporate the Medical

institute of Cincinnati. Name Eclectic Institute. At least five

professors.

O. L., XVII, 268, March 8, 1849. Amendatory. Increasing capital stock

of preceding institution to $60,000.00.

Starling Medical College.

O. L., XLVI, 31, Jan. 28, 1848. An act to incorporate the Starling Med-

ical College in the City of Columbus. Lyne Starling gives

$30,000.00 for support.

Medical and Surgical Society of the County of Ashland.

0. L., XLVI. 76, Feb. 4, 1848. An act to incorporate the Medical and

Surgical Society of the County of Ashland.

State Medical Society of Ohio.

O. L., XLVI, 231, Feb. 22, 1848. An act to incorporate the State Medical

Society of Ohio.

Cincinnati Medical Institute.

O. L., XLVII, 264, Feb. 23, 1849. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati

Medical Institute.

Darke County Medical Society.

O. L., XLVII, 274, March 18, 1849. An act to incorporate the Darke

County Medical Society.

Western College of Homeopathic Medicine.

O. L., XLVIII, 629, March 1, 1850. An act to incorporate the Western

College of Homeopathic Medicine.

Vol. XXVII - 13.

194 Ohio Arch

194 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Cincinnati College of Pharmacy.

O. L., XLVIII, 632, March 23 1850. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati

College of Pharmacy.

LEGAL EDUCATION

O. L., XVII, 92, Jan. 28, 1819. Amendatory. An act to regulate the ad-

mission and practice of attorneys, etc. Candidates must have

studied law attentively two years prior to application.

Cincinnati College.

O. L., XLIV, 157, Feb. 21, 1846. Amendatory. Certificate from the law

department of Cincinnati College shall entitle to admission to

the bar.

ACTS CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES, DEPENDENTS

AND DELINQUENTS

EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES

Education of the Deaf and Dumb.

O. L., XX, 49, Feb. 2, 1822. An act to amend an act concerning the safe-

keeping of idiots, etc. Court of Common Pleas may appoint

guardians of deaf and dumb persons. Guardians shall teach. If

unable to do so County Commissioners may appropriate money for

the purpose. All deaf and dumb persons to be listed in town-

ships and be reported to the State Auditor.

O. L., XXI, 5, Dec. 28, 1822. An act to ascertain the number of deaf and

dumb persons in this state.

O. L., XXV, 87, Jan. 30, 1827. An act to establish an asylum for the deaf

and dumb persons. Eight trustees. Income not to exceed

$30,000.00. Shall be forever under the control of the General

Assembly.

O. L., XXVI, 4, Jan. 16, 1828. Amendatory. Adds three trustees. Ap-

propriation, $376.76.

O. L., XXVII, 63, Jan. 28, 1829. An act to provide further for the

establishment of the asylum. Authorizes opening in Oct., 1829,

at Columbus.

O. L. XXV, 113, Jan. 9, 1827. Resolution. Instructing Senators and

Representatives in Congress to try to obtain from Congress a

grant equal to one township to aid in the education of the deaf

and dumb in this state.

O. L., XXVI, 178, Jan 29, 1828. Resolution. Renewing preceding effort.

O. L., XXVI, 171, Jan. 21, 1829. Resolution. Locating asylum at Co-

lumbus. Authorizing receiving donation of land or purchasing

land for a site.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 195

0. L., XXVIII, 30, Feb. 18, 1830. Amendatory. Twelve trustees; $1,-

000.00 appropriation. Provisions for indigent students.

O. L., XXIX, 427, March 3, 1831. An act to establish an Asylum for the

education of Deaf and Dumb persons and repealing all existing

laws on that subject.

O. L., XXIX, 246, March 10, 1831. Resolution. Appropriating $1,600.00.

O. L., XXX, 20, Feb. 13, 1832. Amendatory. One-fourth of all monies

arising from auction sales and licenses in Hamilton Co. appro-

priated to the use of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

O. L., XXX, 319, Feb. 11, 1832. Resolution. Appropriating $1,500.00.

O. L., XXX, 336, Jan. 5, 1832. Memorial. Asking Congress for a grant

of a township of land for the use of the asylum.

O. L., XXXI, 24, Feb. 25, 1833. Amendatory. Three indigent pupils to

be admitted from each judicial circuit in the state.

O. L., XXXI, 238, Feb. 25, 1833. Resolution. Appropriating $1,500.00.

O. L., XXIII, 36, March 3, 1834. Amendatory. Provision for educating

all indigent deaf and dumb persons between ages of 12 and 20.

Appropriation, $2,213.10.

O. L., XXXII, 428, March 3, 1834. Appropriation, $2,000.00.

O. L., XXXIII, 435, March 9, 1835. Appropriation, $3,000.00.

From this time on appropriations are usually made annu-

ally until 1846. From 1846 on regular budget appropriations are

made.

O. L., XLIII, 344, Jan. 11, 1845. Resolution. Urging Congress to grant

a portion of the public domain for institutions for the educa-

tion of the deaf and dumb or the blind, in states where such

institutions may be established.

O. L., XLIV, 111, March 2, 1846. Amendatory. Salary of the Supt. to

be $1,000.00. Six trustees to be appointed by the Gen. Assembly.

Education of the Blind.

O. L., IX, 68, Jan. 29, 1811. An act for the relief of David Phouts. Ap-

propriating $150.00 annually for the relief of five children born

blind.

O. L., X, 68, Feb. 11, 1812. Repealing preceding act.

O. L., XVII, 7, Dec. 23, 1818. An act for the relief of John Twaddle.

County Commissioners of Jefferson County authorized to make

an annual allowance. Nine children, six born blind.

O. L., XXXIII, 453, March 5, 1835. Resolution. Census of the blind.

O. L., XXXIV, 648, March 11, 1836. Resolution. Three trustees ap-

pointed to gather information concerning the instruction of the

blind and probable cost of commencing a school.

O. L., XXXV, 116, April 13, 1837. An act making provision for the

instruction of the blind. Three trustees. Ohio Institution for

the Instruction of the Blind. Provisions for site and buildings

196 Ohio Arch

196 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

at or near Columbus. Authorizing $15,000.00 for building; pro-

vision for apparatus.

O. L., XXXV, 559, April 1, 1837. Resolution. Extending thanks to Dr

Howe for his work in behalf of the blind.

0. L., XXXVI, 49, March 10, 1838. An act making further provisions

for the instruction of the blind. Authorizing completion of the

building, receiving students from other states, giving free in-

struction to 12 indigent students, etc.

O. L., XLI, 57, March 11, 1843. Amendatory. Extending privileges to

indigent students.

O. L., XLII, 21, Jan. 27, 1844. An act reducing salaries. Superintend-

ents of Blind Asylum not to exceed $700.00. Superintendent of

Deaf and Dumb Asylum not to exceed $600.00.

O. L., XLII, 253, Feb. 3, 1844. Resolution. Authorizing employment of

oculist by the asylum.

O. L., XLIII, 270, March 12, 1844. Resolution. Authorizing $150.00 for

philosophical apparatus for the pupils.

0. L., XLIV, 111, March 2, 1846. Amendatory. Salaries of Superin-

tendents of Asylums for the Blind and Deaf and Dumb to be

$1,000.00 each. Repealing acts for support of pupils in these

institutions.

EDUCATION OF DEPENDENTS

Individuals.

O. L., XVIII, 66, Feb. 26, 1820. An act for the relief of an orphan

Indian child.

O. L., XIX, 144, Feb. 2, 1821. Repealing the preceding act.

0. L., XXI, 39, Jan. 25, 1823. An act for the relief and benefit of an

Indian orphan child. Mother killed by a citizen of the state;

$25.00 annually appropriated for education and maintenance until

age of 12 years.

Apprentices and Servants.

0. L., IV, 72, Jan. 27, 1806. An act concerning apprentices and servants.

Children bound out must be taught to read and write.

O. L., XXII, 381, Feb. 23, 1824. An act concerning apprentices and serv-

ants. Arithmetic to the rule of three added to the preceding

requirements. A new Bible and two suits of clothes to be fur-

nished at the end of the period of service.

Orphan Asylums, Etc.

O. L., XXXI, 52, Jan. 25, 1833. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati

Orphan Asylum.

O. L., XXXII, 216, Feb. 27, 1834. An act to provide a fund for the re-

lief of the widows and children of the clergy of the Protestant

Episcopal Church in Ohio.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 197

O. L., XXXV, 202, March 13, 1837. An act to incorporate the Stark

County Orphans' Institute.

0. L., XXXVIII, 87, March 3, 1840. Repealing the preceding act. The

corporation had assumed banking privileges.

O. L., XXXV, 513, April 3, 1837. An act to incorporate the Cleveland

Female Orphan Asylum. Lowry Willy and 11 other women

incorporators.

O. L., XXXVI, 185, March 5, 1838. An act to incorporate the Columbus

Female Benevolent Society. Mary Cressy and six other women.

O. L., XLI, 112, March 2, 1843. An act to incorporate the St. Aloysius

Orphan Asylum of Cincinnati.

O. L. XLII, 172, March 12, 1844. An act to incorporate the Dayton

Female Association for the benefit of orphans.

O. L., XLIII, 101, Feb. 18, 1845. An act to incorporate the trustees of

the New Orphan Asylum of Colored Children of Cincinnati.

EDUCATION OF DELINQUENTS

0. L., XLI, 74, March 13, 1843. An act for the regulation of county

jails. Each inmate shall be furnished with a Bible. Sheriff

shall keep a record of means furnished prisoners of literary,

moral and religious instruction.

O. L., XLIII, 446, March 6, 1845. Resolution. Directors of Ohio Peni-

tentiary authorized to employ a suitable person as a religious and

moral instructor.

O. L., XLIII, 393, March 12, 1845. An act to authorize the City of Cin-

cinnati to erect a House of Correction.

ACTS CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF TEACHERS

0. L., XXX, 232, Feb. 13, 1832. An act to incorporate the Western

Academic Institute and Board of Education. Elijah Slack and

14 others.

O. L., XXXII, 217, Feb. 27, 1834. An act to incorporate the Teachers'

Institute. For instructing professional school teachers. Lyman

Beecher and eight others. Board shall report annually to the

Secretary of the State of Ohio.

0. L., XXXI, 18, Dec. 17, 1832. An act to incorporate the Marietta

Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary.

O. L., XXXI, 193, Feb. 19, 1833. An act to incorporate the Wayne

County, Ohio, Teachers' Association.

O. L., XXXV, 417, April 1, 1837. An act to incorporate The Teachers'

Institute at Fair Mound, in Licking County.

O. L., XXXVIII, 192, March 23, 1840. An act to incorporate The Ameri-

can Lyceum of Education in the City of Cincinnati. A model

school and one in which experiments may be made to be one

feature.

198 Ohio Arch

198 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XLV, 67, Feb. 8, 1847. An act to incorporate Teachers' Insti-

tutes. Act in force only in the Counties of Ashtabula, Lake,

Geauga, Cuyahoga, Erie, Lorain, Medina, Trumbull, Portage,

Summit and Delaware.

O. L., XLVII, 261, Feb. 15, 1849. An act to incorporate the Farming-

ton Normal School in the County of Trumbull. Edwin Love-

land and eight others. Citizens raised $2,575.00 for school. Site

donated.

ACTS CONCERNING SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES

Libraries.

O. L., III, 288, Feb. 21, 1805. Dayton Library Society.

O. L., V, 62, Jan. 26, 1806. Library society to be known as "Granville

Alexandrian Society," in the town of Granville, in the County

of Licking. (Repealed later for banking activities.)

O. L., VI, 127, Feb. 10, 1808. New Town Library Company, in the

County of Hamilton.

0. I., VIII, 141, Feb. 19, 1810. Western Library Association.

O. L., VIII, 197, Feb. 19, 1910. Poland Library Society.

O. L., VIII, 251, Feb. 19, 1810. Washington Social Library Company.

O. L., X, 5, Dec. 17, 1811. Wooster Library Society.

0. L., X, 14, Dec. 23, 1811. Lebanon Library Society.

O. L., X, 178, Feb. 20, 1812. Platonic Library Society, in the towns of

Sunbury and Berkshire in Delaware County.

O. L., XI, 14, Jan. 2, 1813. Circulating Library Society of Cincinnati.

O. L., XII, 55, Jan. 18, 1814. Boardman Library Society, in the County

of Trumbull.

O. L., XII, 61, Jan. 19, 1814. Troy Library Society.

O. L., XII, 147, Feb. 10, 1814. Euclid Library Society, in the County

of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XIII, 11, Dec. 22, 1814. Circulating Library Society of Cincinnati.

O. L., XIII, 14, Dec. 22, 1814. Village Library Society of Burton, in

the County of Geauga.

O. L., XIII, 75, Jan. 13, 1815. Eaton Library Society, in the County of

Preble.

O. L., XIII, 285, Feb. 16, 1815. Northern Social Library Company of

Harpersfield.

O. L., XIV, 6, Dec. 16, 1815. Waynesville Library Company.

O. L., XIV, 256, Feb. 20, 1816. Fearing Library Society, in the County

of Washington.

O. L., XIV, 263, Feb. 21, 1816. Social Library Company of Salem, in

the County of Ashtabula.

O. L., XVII, 154, Feb. 8, 1819. Amendatory. Circulating Library Com-

pany of Cincinnati.

Appendix A 199

Appendix A 199

O. L., XX, 36, Feb. 1, 1822. Amendatory. Social Library Company of

Salem.

O. L., XXII, 36, Jan. 20, 1824. Relating to State Library.

SEC. 1. Librarian, $200 per year.

SEC. 2. Bond of $2,000.

SEC. 3. Librarian shall give receipt for all books, etc., to

the treasurer of the state.

SEC. 4. Three hundred and fifty dollars appropriated an-

nually for purchase of "useful books" and maps.

SEC. 5. List of books needed may be submitted by mem-

bers, judges, etc.

SEC. 6. Covering resignation of librarian

SEC. 7. Provision for necessary furniture.

O. L., XXIII, 3, Dec. 29, 1824. Elizabethtown Social Library Society,

in the County of Hamilton.

O. L., XXIII, 101, Jan. 28, 1825. Social Library of Kendal, in the

County of Stark.

O. L., XXIII, 76, Feb. 7, 1825. Windham Library Society, in the County

of Portage.

O. L., XXIV, 5, Dec. 23, 1825. Frederickstown Library Society, in the

County of Knox.

O. L., XXIV, 24, Jan. 17, 1826. Preble County Library Society.

O. L. XXIV, 35, Jan. 24, 1826. Bloomfield Social Library Society, in

the County of Trumbull.

O. L., XXIV, 82, Feb. 4, 1826. Social Library Society, in the town of

Fairfield, County of Columbiana.

O. L., XXIV, 86, Feb. 7, 1826. Eldridge Library Association, in the

County of Huron.

O. L., XXV, 8, Dec. 15, 1826. Franklin Library Company of Little

Sandy.

O. L., XXV, 3, Jan. 9, 1827. Dayton Library.

O. L., XXV, 57, Jan. 6, 1827. Buffalo Library Society, in the Counties

of Guernsey, Morgan and Muskingum.

O. L., XXV, 56, Jan. 23, 1827. Columbia Library Society, in the County

of Lorain.

O. L., XXV, 42, Jan. 26, 1827. Brookfield Social Library Society of

the County of Morgan.

O. L., XXV, 55, Jan. 26, 1827. Harmony Library Society, in the County

of Fayette.

O. L., XXVI, 3, Dec. 14, 1827. Newburgh Library Society, in the

County of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XXVI, 4, Dec. 18, 1827. Liberty Library Society, in the County

of Butler.

O. L., XXVI, 27, Jan. 1, 1828. "Hubbard Library Company," in the

County of Trumbull.

O. L., XXVI, 41, Jan. 16, 1828. Union Library Society of Lexington.

200 Ohio Arch

200 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXVI, 119, Jan. 21, 1828. Yellow Spring Library Society, of

the County of Greene.

O. L., XXVI, 107, Jan. 29, 1828. Lorain County Library Society.

O. L., XXVI, 106, Feb. 11, 1828. "'The Hartford Library Society,' in

the County of Trumbull."

O. L., XXVI, 161, Jan. 29, 1828. Monroe Traveling and Circulating

Library Society.

O. L., XXVII, 5, Dec. 22, 1828. Social Library Company of Madison,

in the County of Geauga.

O. L., XXVII, 10, Dec. 24, 1828. Amendatory. Frederickstown Library

Society.

O. L., XXVII, 14, Dec. 29, 1828. The Chester Library Association, in

the County of Geauga.

O. L., XXVII, 21, Jan. 5, 1829. Sunbury Library Association, in the

County of Delaware.

O. L., XXVII, 63, Jan. 30, 1829. Olin School Library Society, of the

County of Morgan.

O. L., XXVII, 95, Feb. 9, 1829. Nelson Library Society.

O. L., XXVII, 95, Feb. 9, 1829. "Barlow Library Society," in the County

of Washington.

O. L., XXVII, 103, Feb. 9, 1829. Granville Library, in the County of

Licking.

O. L., XXVII, 10, Dec. 29, 1828. Social Library of Greene, in County

of Trumbull.

0. L., XXVII, Feb. 2, 1829. "Lyme and Ridgefield Circulating Library

Society," in the County of Huron.

O. L., XXVII, 127, Feb. 11, 1829. Madison Library Association, in the

County of Hamilton.

SEC. 2. Milford Circulating Library Society declared a body

politic.

O. L., XXVII, Feb. 11, 1829. Vernon Library Association, in the County

of Scioto.

O. L., XXVIII, 8, Dec. 31, 1829. Venice Library Society, in Butler

County.

O. L., XXVIII, 22, Jan. 12, 1830. Brecksville Columbian Library So-

ciety, in the County of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XXVIII, 23, Jan. 12, 1830. Dresden Library Association in the

County of Muskingum.

O. L., XXVIII, 46, Jan. 21, 1830. Windsor Library Society, in the

County of Ashtabula.

O. L., XXVIII, 62, Feb. 2, 1830. Mesopotamia Social Library Company,

in the County of Trumbull.

O. L., XXVIII, 70, Feb. 9, 1830. Marietta Library.

O. L., XXVIII, 164, Feb. 22, 1830. Newbury Social Library Society, in

the County of Geauga.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 201

O. L., XXIX, 11, Dec. 21, 1830. Dover Library Association, in the

County of Athens.

O. L., XXIX, 13, Dec. 27, 1830. Ashtabula Social Library Association.

O. L., XXIX, 25, Dec. 21, 1830. Williamsburg Library Society, in the

County of Clermont.

O. L., XXIX, 41, Jan. 6, 1831. Social Circulating Library Association,

in village of Waverly, County of Pike.

O. L., XXIX, 49, Jan. 17, 1831. Hamilton and Rossville Library So-

ciety, in the County of Butler.

O. L., XXIX, 50, Jan. 17, 1831. Middlebury Library Company.

O. L., XXIX, 57, Jan. 31, 1831. Olmstead Library Company, in the

County of Cuyahoga.

O. L. XXIX, 67, Jan. 31, 1831. Athens Library Society, in the County

of Athens.

O. L., XXIX, 83, Feb. 7, 1831. Austinburg Social Library Association,

in the County of Ashtabula.

O. L., XXIX, 119, Feb. 11, 1831. Wayne and Cherry Valley Union Li-

brary Association, in County of Ashtabula.

O. L., XXIX, 142, Feb. 24, 1831. Utica Library Society, in the County

of Licking.

O. L., XXIX, 179, March 2, 1831. Capital Library Society of Columbus

O. L., XXX, 4, Dec. 19, 1831. Harrisville Library Association, in the

County of Medina.

O. L., XXX, 60, Jan. 31, 1832. New Paris Library Society, in County

of Preble.

O. L., XXX, 133, Feb. 7, 1832. Clarksfield Library Society, of Huron

County.

O. L., XXX, 134, Feb. 7, 1832. "Darke County Library Society," in the

County of Darke.

O. L., XXX, 244, Feb. 11, 1832. Guernsey County Library and Reading

Room.

O. L., XXX, 267, Feb. 11, 1832. "Farmers' Library Company," in County

of Seneca.

O. L., XXX, 275, Feb. 11, 1832. Library Society of London, in Madi-

son County.

O. L., XXX, 276, Feb. 11, 1832. West Branch Library Association, in

Miami County.

O. L., XXX, 277, Feb. 11, 1832. Farmers' and Mechanics' Library So

ciety of Berkshire, in the County of Delaware.

O. L., XXXI, 10, Dec. 24, 1832. Dane Law Library.

O. L., XXXI, 31, Jan. 15, 1833. Milford Library Association, in the

County of Union.

O. L., XXXI, 63, Jan. 31, 1833. Cleveland Library Company.

O. L., XXXI, 83, Feb. 6, 1833. Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Asso-

ciation, in Aurora, Portage County.

202 Ohio Arch

202 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

0. L., XXXI, 159, Feb. 19, 1833. "Wadsworth Library Society," in the

County of Medina.

O. L., XXXI, 89, Feb. 6, 1833. Massillon Library Society.

O. L., XXXI, 94, Feb. 7, 1833. Eden Library Association, in County of

Seneca.

SEC. 1. Incorporated name, "Eden Social Library."

O. L., XXXI, 105, Feb. 12, 1833. Franklin Library Association of Guil-

ford, in the County of Medina.

O. L., XXXI, 132, Feb. 19, 1833. Fitchville Library Society, in Huron

County.

O. L., XXXI, 195, Feb. 23, 1833. Lancaster Library Association, in

County of Fairfield.

O. L., XXXII, 16, Dec. 31, 1833. Rome Library Company, in County

of Ashtabula.

O. L., XXXII, 51, Feb. 3, 1834. Richfield Social Library Company, in

the County of Medina.

O. L., XXXII, 122, Feb. 21, 1834. Akron Lyceum and Library Associa-

tion Company, in Akron, Portage County.

O. L., XXXII, 150, Feb. 24, 1834. Harmony Library Company, in Sa-

lena Township, Muskingum County.

O. L., XXXII, 177, Feb. 25, 1834. Gustavus Centre Library Company,

in County of Trumbull.

O. L., XXXII, 191, Feb. 25, 1834. Lagrange Library Association, in the

County of Lorain.

O. L., XXXII, 195, Feb. 25, 1834. "Cincinnati Law Library."

O. L., XXXII, 225, Feb. 28, 1834. Springboro Library Company, in the

County of Warren.

O. L., XXXII, 238, March 1, 1834. Free Discussion Library of Andover,

in Ashtabula County.

O. L., XXXII, 265, March 1, 1834. Montville Social Library Company,

in the County of Geauga.

O. L., XXXIII, 38, Feb. 3, 1835. Penfield Library Society, in Penfield

Township, Lorain County.

O. L., XXXIII, 38, Feb. 3, 1835. New Lyme Young Men's Library So-

ciety.

O. L., XXXIII, 117, Feb. 24, 1835. "The Milford Library Association."

O. L., XXXIII, 119, Feb. 25, 1835. Delaware Library Association, in

the County of Delaware.

O. L., XXXIII, 149, Feb. 26, 1835. Roscoe Social Library Company, in

the County of Coshocton.

O. L., XXXIII, 149, Feb. 26, 1835. Hinckley Social Library Company,

in Hinckley Township, Medina County.

O. L., XXXIII, 160, March 3, 1835. Darrtown Library Company, in the

County of Butler.

O. L., XXXIII, 197, March 5, 1835. Painesville Lyceum and Library

Society.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 203

O. L., XXXIII, 320, March 7, 1835. Vermilion Library Company, of

Huron County.

0. L., XXXIII, 330, March 7, 1835. Urbana Juvenile Library.

O. L., XXXIV, 25, Jan. 5, 1836. "Young Men's Mercantile Library As-

sociation of Cincinnati."

O. L., XXXIV, 83, Jan. 27, 1836. Bellville Library Company, in the

County of Richland.

O. L., XXXIV, 133, Feb. 29, 1836. Highland Library Association.

O. L., XXXIII, 305, March 7, 1835. Wellington Social Library Com-

pany, in Wellington Township, Lorain County.

O. L., XXXIV, 197, March 1, 1836. Bedford Library Company, in the

County of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XXXIV, 383, March 10, 1836. Hopewell Library Company, in

Muskingum County.

0. L., XXXIV, 467, March 14, 1836. Westfield Library Society, in Town-

ship of Westfield, in County of Medina.

O. L., XXXIV, 468, March 14, 1836. Brooklyn Library Company, in

Cuyahoga County.

O. L., XXXIV, 468, March 14, 1836. Greenville Library Association.

O. L., XXXIV, 488, March 14, 1836. Port Washington Lyceum and Li-

brary Company, in County of Tuscarawas.

O. L., XXXIV, 488, March 14, 1836. Rutland Library Association.

O. L., XXXV, 47, Jan. 10, 1837. Paris Library Association, of Rich-

land County.

O. L., XXXV, 53, Jan. 23, 1837. Blendon Library Society, in the County

of Franklin.

O. L., XXXV, 96, Feb. 18, 1837. North Royalton Social Library Society,

in the County of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XXXV, 104, Feb. 27, 1837. Darby Creek Lyceum and Library

Association, in the County of Union.

O. L., XXXV, 119, March 2, 1837. Braceville Library Company, in the

County of Trumbull.

O. L., XXXV, 195, March 13, 1837. Monroe Lyceum of Natural His-

tory, and Library Association, in Ashtabula County.

O. L., XXXV, 196, March 13, 1837. Ruggles Library Society, of Huron

County.

O. L., XXXV, 227, March 14, 1837. New Philadelphia Library Society.

O. L., XXXV, 340, March 27, 1837. Sandusky City Lyceum and Library

Association, in the County of Huron.

O. L., XXXV, 346, March 29, 1837. Parma Library Association, in Cuy-

ahoga County.

O. L., XXXV, 353, March 29, 1837. Creating an additional number of

directors of the Platonic Library Society, of the County of

Delaware.

O. L., XXXV, 445, April 3, 1837. Amendatory. Young Men's Mercan-

tile Library Association of Cincinnati.

204 Ohio Arch

204 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXXV, 562, April 1, 1837. Resolution appointing a committee to

select new works for State Library.

O. L., XXXVI, 106, Feb. 23, 1838. Granger Library Association, in

County of Medina.

O. L., XXXVI, 127, Feb. 27, 1838. Lenox Library Association, in Ash-

tabula County.

0. L., XXXVI, 270, March 13, 1838. "Young Men's Association of the

City of Toledo."

SEC. 1. Funds to be used only for supporting a Lyceum and

Public Library.

O. L., XXXVI, 378, March 17, 1838. Painesville Library Association, in

County of Geauga.

O. L., XXXVII, 21, Jan. 21, 1839. McConnellsville Library and Reading

Room Association.

O. L., XXXVII, 84, Feb. 28, 1839. First Universalian Religious Library

Society of Harmar.

O. L., XXXVII, 126, March 7, 1839. St. Mary's Library Association, in

County of Mercer.

O. L., XXXVII, 144, March 9, 1839. Martinsville Silliman Institute and

Library Company.

O. L., XXXVII, 147, March 9, 1839. Franklin Library Association, in

the County of Mercer.

O. L., XXXVII, 217, March 12, 1839. Elizabethtown Circulating Li-

brary Society, in the County of Licking.

O. L., XXXVII, 219, March 12, 1839. Perrysburgh Lyceum and Library

Association.

O. L., XXXVII, 257, March 16, 1839. Worthington Literati.

SEC. 1. To establish a library and lyceum.

O. L., XXXVII, 263, March 16, 1839. Fredonia Social Library, in the

County of Licking.

O. L., XXXVII, 295, March 16, 1839. Fairfield Library Association, in

the County of Huron.

O. L., XXXVIII, 19, Jan. 17, 1840. Youth's Neville Library Society.

0. L., XXXVIII, 28, Jan. 29, 1840. Marysville Library Institute.

O. L., XXXVIII, 29, Jan. 29, 1840. Oxford Library Society, in the

County of Butler.

O. L., XXXVIII, 36, Feb. 3, 1840. Addison Library Association, of

Champaign County.

O. L., XXXVIII, 37, Feb. 3, 1840. Athenian Library Society, in the

County of Warren.

O. L., XXXVIII, 45, Feb. 7, 1840. Portsmouth Library Company.

O. L., XXXVIII, 70, Feb. 18, 1840. Kalida Lyceum and Library Asso-

ciation.

O. L., XXXVIII, 111, March 9, 1840. Burlington Library Association,

in the County of Lawrence.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 205

O. L., XXXVIII, 179, March 20, 1840. Twinsburg Library Association,

in the County of Summit.

O. L., XXXVIII, 183, March 21, 1840. Reading Mutual Improvement

and Library Association, in Hamilton County.

O. L., XXXVIII, 197, March 23, 1840. Repealing charter of Washington

Social Library Company.

O. L., XXXIX, 53, March 20, 1841. Franklin Library Association, of

Carlisle and Elyria, in the County of Lorain.

O. L., XXXIX, 54, March 20, 1841. Orange Library Association, in

County of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XL, 113, March 7, 1842. Repealing Granville Alexandrian Society

because of banking activities.

O. L., XL, 103, March 27, 1841. Mayfield Circulating Library, in Town-

ship of Mayfield, in County of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XL, 104, March 27, 1841. Franklin Library Society of Water-

ford, in Knox County.

O. L., XL, 31, Feb. 15, 1842. Union Library Association of Richmond,

in the County of Ashtabula.

O. L., XL, 35, Feb. 26, 1842. Dover Library Association, in the County

of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XL, 36, Feb. 26, 1842. Donnelsville Library Association, in the

County of Clark.

O. L., XL, 5, Jan. 5, 1842. First Moral Library Association, of Wil-

liamsfield, in the County of Ashtabula.

O. L., XL, 16, Jan. 27, 1842. Chagrin Falls Mechanics' Library Associa-

tion, in the County of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XL, 85, March 5, 1842. Orwell Library and Reading Society, of

Township of Orwell, Ashtabula County.

O. L., XLI, 52, Feb. 2, 1843. Badger Library Society, of Plain, in the

County of Wood.

O. L., XLI, 85, Feb. 17, 1843. New Orange Library Society, of Cass, in

Miami County.

O. L., XLI, 91, Feb. 28, 1843. Jefferson Library Association, of Town-

ship of Jefferson, in County of Ashtabula.

O. L., XLI, 176, March 11, 1843. Mechanics' Lyceum and Library As-

sociation, of town of Warren, in County of Trumbull.

O. L., XLII, 110, Feb. 26, 1844. Champeon Library Association at Cha-

grin Falls, in the County of Cuyahoga.

O. L., XLII, 169, March 11, 1844. Cincinnati Philosophical Library As-

sociation, in County of Hamilton.

O. L., XLII, 213, March 12, 1844. Ravenna Library Association.

O. L., XLIII, 58, March 6, 1845. Regulating the State Library.

SEC. 1. The State Library shall be under control and man-

agement of board of commissioners consisting of Governor,

Secretary of State and State Librarian.

206 Ohio Arch

206 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XLIII, 61, Feb. 3, 1845. Young Men's Book Association of West

Canaan, in the County of Madison.

O. L., XLIII, 62, Feb. 3, 1845. General Library Association of Cincin-

nati.

O. L., XLIII, 68, Feb. 10, 1845. New Carlisle Social Library Company,

in Clark County, and the Library Association of Harlem, Car-

roll County.

O. L., XLIII, 70, Feb. 10, 1845. Tallmadge Library Association, in

County of Summit.

O. L., XLIII, 274, March 6, 1845. Miamisburg Library Association.

O. L., XLIII, 311, March 8, 1845. Act for relief of creditors of Gran-

ville Alexandrian Society.

O. L., XLIII, 361, March 11, 1845. Incorporating certain literary socie-

ties:

SEC. 4. Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Association of

West Lodi, Seneca County.

SEC. 9. German Catholic Library Association of Cincinnati.

SEC. 10. Donaldsville Library Association, in Clark County.

SEC. 13. Hanover Social Library Association, in Butler

County.

O. L., XLIII, 389, March 12, 1845. Linton Library Association, of

County of Coshocton.

O. L., XLVI, 149, Feb. 18, 1848. Cleveland Library Association.

O. L., XLVIII, 632, March 22, 1850. Young Men's Catholic Association

of Cincinnati.

SEC. 1. A library association.

O. L., XLVIII, 635, March 21, 1850. Western Library Institute.

O. L., XLVIII, 640, March 23, 1850. Warren Library Association.

O. L., XLII, 250, Dec. 30, 1843. Resolution. Relative to the incorporation

of churches, religious societies, library associations, literary so-

cieties, etc. Bills shall be referred to the standing Committee

on Corporations, of the House in which presented, which com-

mittee shall be instructed to retain the same until near the close

of the session of the General Assembly, when they shall report

one bill for the incorporation of all such churches, and religious

societies, one for the incorporation of literary societies, library

associations, etc.

0. L., XLII, 260, March 6, 1844. Resolution. WHEREAS, By resolution

of the General Assembly of March 13, 1843, authorizing the

Secretary of State to furnish each college, university and scien-

tific and literary institution in this state, when called for at the

office of the secretary, one copy each (of various reports).

Resolved, To furnish documents in the same manner to all

incorporated library associations.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 207

O. L., XLIII, 70, March 11, 1845. An act to regulate literary and other

societies.

SEC. 1. That from and after the passage of this act it

shall be lawful for any literary, scientific, Odd Fellows or other

benevolent association within this states, to elect any number of

their members, not less than three, to serve as trustees and one

member as clerk, who shall hold their offices during the pleas-

ure of the society.

SEC. 2. Proceedings of such election to be recorded with

the county recorder.

SEC. 3. Trustees shall have perpetual succession and shall

possess the powers and privileges, and be subject to the restric-

tions imposed under the act entitled "An act to regulate incor-

porated literary societies," etc., passed March 7, 1831.

Athenaeums, Lyceums, Literary Societies, Etc.

O. L., XXVII, 7, Dec. 22, 1828. Zanesville Athenaeum.

"Funds not to be employed for any other than literary pur-

poses, the purchase of books, maps, charts, pamphlets and news-

papers."

O. L., XXIX, 126, Feb. 14, 1831. Cincinnati Lyceum.

Morgan Neville, named with 11 others, including Salmon P.

Chase. SEC. 1. "with their associates who have united together

for the purpose of promoting the diffusion of useful knowledge

among all classes of the community."

SEC. 3. "with power to establish such schools, classes and

professorships, and appoint such professors, lecturers, and teach-

ers therein as to them shall seem expedient."

O. L., XXX, 229, Feb. 13, 1832. Steubenville Athenaeum.

O. L., XXXI, 58, Jan. 29, 1833. Mount Vernon Lyceum.

O. L., XXXI, 81, Jan. 29, 1833. Cincinnati Literary Society.

0. L., XXXI, 92, Feb. 6, 1833. McConnelsville Athenaeum.

O. L., XXXI, 117, Feb. 13, 1833. Cleveland Lyceum.

O. L., XXXI, 227, Feb. 25, 1833. Urbana Athenaeum.

O. L., XXXI, 234, Feb. 25, 1833. Xenia Lyceum.

O. L., XXXII, 8, Dec. 24, 1833. Medina County Athenaeum.

O. L., XXXII, 31, Feb. 3, 1834. Young Men's Reading and Literary So-

ciety of Morgan, Ashtabula County.

O. L., XXXII, 105, Feb. 20, 1834. Springfield Lyceum.

O. L., XXXII, 140, Feb. 24, 1834. Elyria Lyceum.

O. L., XXXII, 150, Feb. 24, 1834. Guilford Lyceum.

O. L., XXXII, 165, Feb. 24, 1834. Chillicothe Lyceum and Mechanics'

Institute.

O. L., XXXII, 217, Feb. 27, 1834. Zanesville Juvenile Lyceum.

O. L., XXXII, 234, Feb. 28, 1834. Circleville Athenaeum.

208 Ohio Arch

208 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

0. L., XXXIII, 148, Feb. 26, 1835. Gallipolis Lyceum.

0. L., XXXIII, 396, March 9, 1835. Cuyahoga Falls Lyceum.

0. L., XXXIII, 411, March 9, 1835. Peru (Delaware County) Lyceum.

O. L., XXXIV, 190, Feb. 29, 1836. The Wellsville Literary Institute.

0. L., XXXIV, 191, March 1, 1836. Bedford Lyceum.

O. L., XXXIV, 546, March 14, 1836. Brooklyn Lyceum.

O. L., XXXV, 22, Jan. 3, 1837. Putnam Lyceum.

O. L., XXXV, 49, Jan. 23, 1837. New Lisbon Lyceum.

O. L., XXXV, 167, March 10, 1837. Columbus Literary and Scientific

Institute.

0. L., XXXV, 336, March 23, 1837. Litchfield Lyceum and Society.

O. L., XXXV, 405, April 1, 1837. Stark County Lyceum.

O. L., XXXVI, 39, Jan. 26, 1838. Newark Athenaeum.

O. L., XXXVI, 187, March 5, 1838. The Literary, Historical and Philo-

sophical Society of Canton, Stark County.

O. L., XXXVI, 270, March 13, 1838. Canal Dover Lyceum.

O. L., XXXVII, 13, Jan. 9, 1839. Johnstown Lyceum, Licking County.

O. L., XXXVII, 18, Jan. 11, 1839. Rockport Lyceum, Cuyahoga County.

O. L., XXXVII, 168, March 12, 1839. Woodsfield Lyceum.

O. L., XXXVII, 190, March 12, 1839. Conneaut Lyceum.

O. L., XXXVII, 294, March 16, 1839. Malta Lyceum.

O. L., XXXVIII, 8, Dec. 23, 1839. Airington Lyceum.

O. L., XXXVIII, 19, Jan. 17, 1840. Harmar Lyceum.

O. L., XXXVIII, 30, Jan. 29, 1840. The Literary and Philosophical So-

ciety, Smithfield, Jefferson County.

0. L., XXXVIII, 163, March 19, 1840. Franklin Literary Society of

Bellville, Richland County.

O. L., XXXIX, 7, Jan. 26, 1841. Ridgeville Lyceum, Lorain County.

O. L., XXXIX, 9, Jan. 28, 1841. Massillon Lyceum, Stark County.

O. L., XXXIX, 27, March 11, 1841. Jamestown Literary Society.

O. L., XXXIX, 52, March 20, 1841. Columbus Literary Lyceum.

0. L., XXXIX, 52, March 20, 1841. Beaver Lyceum.

O. L., XXXIX, 53, March 20, 1841. Franklin Institute, Portsmouth.

O. L., XXXIX, 53, March 20, 1841. Lower Sandusky Literary and Sci-

entific Institute.

0. L., XL, 121, March 8, 1842. Findlay Literary Lyceum.

0. L., XL, 123, March 7, 1842. Wilkesville Lyceum, Gallia County.

O. L., XLI, 9, Jan. 10, 1843. Berlin Union Society, Holmes County.

O. L., XLI, 14, Jan. 10, 1843. Young Men's Literary Association of

Springfield.

O. L., XLI, 15, Jan. 11, 1843. Defiance Literary Lyceum.

O. L., XLI, 52, Feb. 2, 1843. Wayne Township Lyceum, Jefferson County.

O. L., XLI, 86, Feb. 17, 1843. Alexandria Literary Society.

O. L., XLI, 175, March 11, 1843. Massillon Young Men's Polemic So-

ciety.

O. L., XLII, 102, Feb. 24, 1844. Erodelphian Society of Gallipolis.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 209

O. L., XLII, 112, March 4, 1844. Institute of Lower Sandusky.

O. L., XLIII, 361, March 11, 1845. Newcomerstown Literary Society.

Corwin Literary Institute, Springborough, Warren County.

O. L., XLVIII, 640, March 23, 1850 Mt. Pleasant Philomathean, Kings-

ton Township, Ross County.

Mechanics' Institutes and Lyceums.

O. L., XXVII, 92, Feb. 29, 1829. The Ohio Mechanics' Institute.

SEC. 1. "for advancing the best interests of the mechanics,

manufacturers and artizans, by the more general diffusion of

useful knowledge in these important classes of the community."

SEC. 2. May establish professorships and appoint such pro-

fessors, lecturers and teachers, etc.

O. L., XXXV, 339, March 27, 1837. Mechanics' Institute, Lebanon, War-

ren County.

O. L., XXXVI, 365, March 16, 1838. First Mechanics' Lyceum of Ma-

rietta.

O. L., XXXVII, 135, March 9, 1839. Dayton Mechanics' Institute.

O. L., XXXVIII, 139, March 16, 1840. Farmers' and Mechanics' Insti-

tute, Greene Township, Hamilton County.

O. L., XL, 16, Jan. 27, 1842. Mechanics' Institute, Urbana.

O. L., XL, 121, March 7, 1842. Batavia Mechanics' Institute.

O. L., XL, 122, March 7, 1842. Portsmouth Mechanics' Institute and

Mechanics' Library Association.

O. L., XLI, 226, March 13, 1843. Mechanics' Association of Fulton.

College Societies, Fraternities, Etc.

O. L., XXIX, 74, Feb. 29, 1831. Erodelphian Society of Miami Univer-

sity.

O. L., XXIX, 196, March 8, 1831. Philomathesian Society of Kenyon

College.

O. L., XXXI, 65, Jan. 31, 1833. Nu Pi Kappa Society of Kenyon Col-

lege.

0. L., XXXII, 105, Feb. 20, 1834. Phylozetian Society of Western Re-

serve College.

0. L., XXXII, 193, Feb. 25, 1834. Philosophic Literary Society of Frank-

lin College.

O. L., XXXIV, 289, March 7, 1836. Jefferson Literary Society of Frank-

lin College.

O. L., XXXIV, 381, March 10, 1836. The Calliopean Society of the

Granville Literary and Theological Institution.

O. L., XXXV, 5, Dec. 19, 1836. Athenian Literary Society, Ohio Uni-

versity.

0. L., XXXV, 3, Dec. 19, 1836. Franklin Scientific and Rhetorical So-

ciety of Western Reserve College.

Vol. XXVII -14.

210 Ohio Arch

210 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

O. L., XXXVI, 15, Jan. 5, 1838. Rush Medical Society of Willoughby

University of Lake Erie.

O. L., XXXVI, 186, March 5, 1838. Adelphic Society of Western Re-

serve College.

O. L., XXXVII, 146, March 9, 1839. Philomathean Society of the Ohio

University.

O. L., XXXVIII, 78, Feb. 26, 1840. Alpha Kappa Society of Marietta

College.

O. L., XXXVIII, 104, March 6, 1840. Miami Society of Miami Univer-

sity.

O. L., XXXVIII, 125, March 12, 1840. Union Literary Society of Miami

University.

O. L., XXXIX, 4, Dec. 24, 1840. Phi Delta Society of Western Reserve

College.

O. L., XXXIX, 44, March 20, 1841. Psi Gamma Society of Marietta

College.

O. L., XL, 23, Feb. 4, 1842. Philomathean Literary Society of Monroe

Academy.

O. L., XL, 122, March 7, 1842. Amendatory. Philozethian Society,

Western Reserve College.

O. L., XLI, 30, Jan. 19, 1843. Young Men's Franklin Society of Gran-

ville College.

O. L., XLI, 125, March 7, 1843. Miami Union Literary Society of Miami

University.

O. L., XLI, 220, March 13, 1843. Amendatory. Young Men's Franklin

Society, to Franklin Society of Granville College.

O. L., XLII, 102, Feb. 24, 1844. Amendatory. Calliopean Society Gran-

ville Literary and Theological Institution.

O. L., XLII, 102, Feb. 24, 1844. Oberlin Young Men's Lyceum.

O. L., XLII, 102, Feb. 24, 1844. Handel Society of Western Reserve

College.

O. L., XLIII, 130, Feb. 25, 1845. Hunterian Society, Medical Depart-

ment Western Reserve College.

Miscellaneous Organizations and Societies.

O. L., XX, 47, Feb. 1, 1822. Historical Society of Ohio.

O. L., XXVI, 30, Jan. 11, 1828. Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts.

O. L., XXVIII, 179, Feb. 22, 1830. Lancaster Harmonic Society.

O. L., XXIX, 122, Feb. 11, 1831. Amendatory. Cincinnati Academy of

Fine Arts.

O. L., XXIX, 122, Feb. 11, 1831. Historical and Philosophical Society

of Ohio

0. L., XXXIII, 161, March 3, 1835. Eclectic Academy of Music, Cin-

cinnati.

0. L., XXXIX, 50, March 20, 1841. Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts.

Appendix A

Appendix A. 211

O. L., XL, 174, March 11, 1843. New Paris Musical Institute.

O. L., XXXIV, 110, Feb. 5, 1836. The Western Academy of Natural

Sciences, Cincinnati.

O. L., XXXVIII, 138, March 16, 1840. Cleveland Academy of Natural

Sciences.

O. L., XLII, 122, March 4, 1844. Cincinnati Astronomical Society.

O. L., XLVII, 256, Feb. 7, 1849. Ohio Institute of Natural Science, Cin-

cinnati.

O. L., XLI, 114, March 2, 1843. Columbian Association of Cincinnati (for

diffusion of useful knowledge).

O. L., XLVI, 228, Feb. 22, 1848. Western Art Union.

O. L., XLVII, 267, March 8, 1849. Columbus Art Union.

O. L., XLVII, 268, March 8, 1849. Ohio Education Society of Evangel-

ical Lutheran Church.

O. L., XXXVI, 238, March 10, 1838. Society of United Christians Berea.

(literary and benevolent purposes).

O. L., XXXIII, 317, March 7, 1835. Western Baptist Education Society.

O. L., XLIII, 86, Feb. 10, 1845. Ohio Baptist Education Society.

O. L., XLIII, 361, March 11, 1845. Lower Sandusky Phrenological Mes-

meric Institute of Sandusky County.

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX B.

A PAGE AND VOLUME INDEX TO ALL EDUCATIONAL

LEGISLATION IN THE SESSION LAWS OF

OHIO FROM 1803 TO 1850.

TERRITORIAL ACTS.

Nov. 27, 1800, Nashee's Compilation, p. 161. An act authorizing the

leasing of lands granted for the support of schools and for reli-

gious purposes in the County of Washington.

Dec. 7, 1800, Nashee's Compilation, p. 220. An act establishing the town

of Athens in the County ofWashington.

Jan. 9, 1802, Nashee's Compilation, p. 220. An act establishing a univer-

sity in the town of Athens.

VOL. I.

PAGE

61. An act to provide for the leasing of certain lands therein named.

117. An act incorporating the trustees of the Erie Literary Society.

148. Resolution appointing three commissioners to appraise the two

college townships.

VOL. II.

193. An act establishing a university in the town of Athens.

297. Resolution to secure a law for the university limiting the time in

which military warrants may be satisfied in the Virginia dis-

trict.

VOL. III.

79. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act establishing a university

in the town of Athens."

79. An act directing a leasing made of Section 16.

288. An act incorporating the Dayton Library Society.

321. An act to provide for the leasing of certain lands therein named.

459. Resolution appointing five trustees of the Ohio University.

VOL. IV.

25. An act to amend an act entitled "An act authorizing the leasing

of certain lands in the County of Washington, granted for

religious purposes."

(212)

Appendix B

Appendix B. 213

PAGE

38. An act supplementary to an act entitled, "An act to amend an act

entitled 'An act establishing a university in the town of

Athens' ".

66. An act to incorporate the original surveyed townships.

72. An act concerning apprentices and servants.

70. An act making appropriations for the year 1806.

VOL. V.

56. An act to incorporate the Society of St. John's Church in Worth-

ington and parts adjacent.

62. An act for incorporating a library society in the town of Granville,

County of Licking.

64. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati University.

85. An act to amend the several acts establishing the University of

Athens.

86. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act incorporating the trustees

of the Erie Literary Society."

120. An act authorizing the citizens of Cincinnati and its vicinity to

raise six thousand dollars for certain purposes.

122. An act to incorporate the First Religious Society of Marietta.

132. Resolution concerning lands in the Virginia Military Reservation.

VOL. VI.

17. An act incorporating the Dayton Academy.

24. An act incorporating the Presbyterian Society in Red Oak.

51. An act to incorporate the Worthington Academy.

125. An act accepting certain lands offered by Congress for the use of

Schools in the Virginia Military Tract in lieu of those hereto-

fore appropriated.

127. An act to incorporate the New Town Library Company in the

County of Hamilton.

151. An act for the benefit of Henry Barrows.

156. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Chillicothe Academy.

172. An act altering several acts establishing a university in the town

of Athens.

VOL. VII.

109. An act directing in what manner lands granted by Congress for

the use of schools in the Virginia Military Tract shall be sur-

veyed and disposed of.

165. An act supplementary to an act for leasing Sections Nos. 16 and

29 in fractional townships in the Ohio Company's Purchase.

167. An act amendatory to several acts appointing trustees to the Ohio

University and for other purposes.

214 Ohio Arch

214 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

184. An act to establish the Miami University.

193. An act for leasing Sections 16 and 29 in fractional townships

within the Ohio Company's purchase.

195. An act to amend an act authorizing the citizens of Cincinnati and

its vicinity to raise $6,000 for certain purposes.

219. An act for laying out and leasing Section 16 in fractional Town-

ship 4, in the Miami Purchase.

VOL. VIII.

12. An act to incorporate the Society for Propagating Gospel among

the Heathen, formed by members of the Episcopal Church of

the United Brethren.

26. An act to incorporate the New Lisbon Academy.

94. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to establish the Miami

University."

100. An act to incorporate the original surveyed townships.

141. An act to incorporate the Western Library Association.

197. An act to incorporate the Poland Library Society.

251. An act to incorporate the Washington Social Library Company.

253. An act supplementary to the acts directing in what manner certain

lands granted by Congress for the use of schools in the Vir-

ginia Military Tract shall be surveyed and disposed of.

254. An act amendatory to the above act.

VOL. IX.

19. An act regulating the practice of physic and surgery.

30. An act investing the disposition and management of lands therein

mentioned in a Board of Trustees under the title of The Trus-

tees of the Granville Religious and Literary Society, and for

other purposes.

39. An act for the establishment of an academy at Steubenville.

44. An act amending an act entitled, "An act to authorize the town

council of Marietta to grant permanent leases of Section 16

in said town."

53. An act to incorporate the town of Athens.

57. An act to incorporate the Gallia Academy.

63. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act amendatory to the several

acts appointing trustees to the Ohio University, and for other

purposes."

64. An act to amend an act for the laying out and leasing Section 16

in fractional Township 4 in the Miami Purchase.

68. An act for the relief of David Phouts.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 215

VOL. X.

PAGE

5. An act to incorporate the Wooster Library Society.

12. An act to authorize the trustees to sell and convey certain public

lots in the town of Eaton, Preble County, and for other

purposes.

14. An act incorporating the Lebanon Library Society.

29. An act authorizing the incorporated township No. 2, R. 6, to lease

to William George a lot of land in Section 16.

57. An act in addition to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate the

original surveyed townships."

58. An act to incorporate a medical society.

68. An act repealing the act for the aid of David Phouts.

73. An act authorizing the trustees of fractional School Section 16 in

Tp. 1, of the 2nd Range, and Tp. 2 of the 3rd Range, to grant

permanently, for a mill site, a lot of land in each of said

sections.

88. An act further to amend an act establishing the Miami University.

95. An act to amend the act to incorporate the town of Athens.

97. An act authorizing the trustees of the Ohio University to issue

orders in certain cases, and for other purposes.

101. An act to amend an act for laying out and leasing Section 16 in

fractional Township No. 4, 2nd R. of townships in the Miami

Purchase.

162. An act to amend an act to authorize the town council of Marietta

to grant permanent leases to Section 16.

178. An act to incorporate the Platonic Library Society, Sunbury and

Berkshire, Delaware County.

198. Resolution appointing two trustees for Ohio University.

VOL. XI.

14. An act incorporating the Circulating Library Society, Cincinnati.

27. An act to enlarge the college green of the town of Athens.

28. An act regulating the practice of physic and surgery.

51. An act incorporating the Fearing Religious Society.

61. An act enabling the trustees of Tp. 6, R. 3, in Belmont County to

make a permanent lease for part of the school land in said

county.

161. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to amend the act entitled,

'An act directing in what manner certain lands, etc., shall be

disposed of.'"

VOL. XII.

51. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to amend the act entitled,

'Directing in what manner certain lands granted by Congress

for the use of schools in the Virginia Military Tract shall be

surveyed and disposed of.'"

216 Ohio Arch

216 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

55. An act to incorporate the Boardman Library Society in the County

of Trumbull.

61. An act to incorporate the Troy Library Society.

83. An act to amend the several acts establishing Miami University.

84. An act for the relief of John Stalker and others.

147. An act to incorporate the Euclid Library Society in the County

of Cuyahoga.

174. An act to enable the trustees of the original surveyed township

No. 3, R. 8, in the County of Washington, and the trustees of

the original surveyed township No. 6, R. 14, in Gallia County,

to grant permanent leases to the school sections in said town-

ships.

VOL. XIII.

11. An act incorporating the Circulating Library Society, Cincinnati.

14. An act to incorporate the Theological Library Society of Burton,

County of Geauga.

75. An act to incorporate the Eaton Library Society in the County of

Preble.

106. An act to enable the township trustees in Champaign County to

make a permanent lease of fractional School Section No. 16

for a mill site.

132. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Lancaster Seminary.

166. An act to provide for granting permanent leases to certain tracts

of school lands in the United States Military School lands.

285. An act to incorporate the Northern Social Library Company of

Harpersfield.

288. An act to enable the inhabitants of the 3rd Tp., R. 7, Washington

County to grant permanent leases for School Section No. 16.

295. An act supplementary to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate

the original surveyed townships."

302. An act to authorize the trustees of Zanesville Township to make

a permanent lease on a certain lot of school land.

305. An act to provide for the permanent leasing of Section 16, 4th Tp.,

Range 14, County of Gallia.

307. An act further to amend the act directing in what manner certain

lands in the Virginia Military Tract shall be surveyed and

disposed of.

320. An act for the relief of David Moore and others.

332. Resolution appointing four trustees for the Ohio University.

335. Resolution appointing nineteen trustees for Miami University.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 217

VOL. XIV.

PAGE

6. An act to incorporate the Waynesville Library Company.

16. An act for granting a permanent lease for the S. E. quarter of

Sec. 16, Tp. 3, R. 8, Greene County.

24. An act for granting a permanent lease to school lands in Stark

County.

132. An act authorizing the trustees of the original surveyed townships

of Fairfield County to grant permanent leases for reserve

Section 16 within said county.

183. An act to grant permanent leases for Section 16 in the original

surveyed township 2, R. 1, E. of the meridian drawn from the

mouth of the Miami River.

183. An act to incorporate the Montgomery Academy.

220. An act authorizing the permanent leasing of a lot of school land

in Ross County.

256. An act to incorporate the Social Library Society of Salem, County

of Ashtabula.

266. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to incorporate the Dayton

Academy."

267. An act to vacate part of College Street in the town of Athens.

275. An act providing for the permanent leasing of Section 16 in Gallia

County.

418. An act directing the manner of leasing the school lands within the

Virginia Military Tract.

440. An act to incorporate the Tallmadge Academy, Portage County.

444. An act to provide for granting permanent leases of certain tracts

of school lands in the U. S. Military Tract, Guernsey County.

VOL. XV.

10. An act for leasing a certain part of Section 16 in the John Cleve

Symmes Purchase.

63. An act to amend the act for granting a permanent lease of a cer-

tain Section 16 in Greene County.

137. An act to provide for the incorporation of schools and literary

companies.

195. An act regulating the practice of physic and surgery.

202. An act to provide for leasing certain school lands therein named

(Section 16).

245. Resolution appointing a trustee for Ohio University.

VOL. XVI.

6. An act authorizing the leasing of a portion of Section 16 in Ham-

ilton County to the Baptist Society for a meeting house.

16. An act for leasing a certain part of Section 16 in the County of

Butler.

218 Ohio Arch

218 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

37. An act to authorize the drawing of a lottery for the benefit of the

Ohio University.

79. An act exempting from taxation the lands belonging to the Wright

Literary Society.

98. An act to repeal the 1st Section of the act amending the act incor-

porating the Dayton Academy.

101. An act for the relief of John Jordan.

103. An act to authorize the auditor to proceed against William W.

Cotgreve, Register of the Virginia Military school lands.

107. An act to amend the act entitled "An act to regulate the practice

of physic and surgery."

109. An act to incorporate the Florence Academy of Arts and Sciences

in Huron County.

119. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act providing for the leasing

of certain school lands therein named."

122. An act to prevent the sale of town lots for taxes in certain cases.

157. An act to incorporate the Union School Association of the towns

of Harpersfield and Madison.

198. Resolution appointing twenty-six trustees of the Miami University.

203. Resolution appointing a Register of the Virginia Military school

lands.

VOL. XVII.

7. An act for the relief of John Twaddle.

35. An act for the relief of purchasers of the Virginia Military school

lands.

31. An act for the relief of Jermiah R. Munson.

37. An act to authorize the establishment of a medical school.

46. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati College.

92. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to regulate the admission

and practice of doctors and counsellors of law."

97. An act to incorporate the Cadiz Academy in the County of Har-

rison.

131. An act further to amend the several acts establishing the Miami

University.

132. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act authorizing the trustees

of the original surveyed townships in the County of Fairfield

to grant permanent leases, etc."

139. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act authorizing the Auditor

to proceed against William W. Cotgreve."

144. An act to authorize the trustees of Tp. 2, R. 1, within the Ohio

Company's Purchase in the County of Washington to make a

distribution of school funds in said township.

149. An act for leasing Section 16, Tp. 15, R. 13, in Wayne County.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 219

PAGE

154. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to incorporate the Cir-

culating Library Company of Cincinnati."

155. An act to establish a college in the town of Worthington.

186. An act to incorporate the Union Academy in the County of Mus-

kingum.

203. An act to enable the proprietors of the town of Mansfield to ex-

change certain donations therein contained.

VOL. XVIII.

Local.

3. An act to amend an act to provide for the permanent leasing of

Section 16, Tp. 4, R. 14, Gallia County.

General.

18. An act providing for the incorporation of townships.

45. An act further to amend the several acts establishing a university

in the town of Athens.

54. An act to amend the act amending the act for granting permanent

leases for a school section in Greene County.

61. An act to amend the act incorporating the Cadiz Academy.

66. An act for the relief of an orphan Indian child.

71. An act for the relief of certain lessees of the Virginia Military

school lands.

78. An act amending the act to incorporate the Union Academy.

85. An act to incorporate the Lancaster Academy.

154. Resolution directing the agents for school lands in the U. S. Mili-

tary Tract to report.

160. Resolution appointing three trustees of Ohio University.

VOL. XIX.

28. An act regulating the practice of physic and surgery within this

state.

35. An act providing for the permanent leasing of Sections 16 and 29

of Gallia County.

51. An act providing for the regulation and support of common scools.

72. An act to provide for a revaluation of certain school lands.

58. An act establishing a commercial hospital and lunatic asylum for

the state of Ohio.

75. An act for the relief of certain lessees of Section 16 in the Miami

Purchase.

78. An act enabling the trustees of a certain school section in Clark

County to make a permanent lease.

102. An act relative to permanent leases.

111. An act to amend an act levying a tax on land.

140. An act further to amend the several acts establishing the Miami

University.

220 Ohio Arch

220 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

144. An act for the relief of lessees of Section 16, Fairfield County.

144. An act to repeal the act for the benefit of an Indian orphan child.

145. An act authorizing a loan for the use of the state of Ohio.

155. An act authorizing permanent leases of a certain Section 16 in

the County of Washington.

161. An act to provide for the leasing of school lands within the U. S.

Military school district.

166. An act to amend the 14th Section of the act to incorporate the

original surveyed townships.

212. Resolution appointing one trustee of the Ohio University.

212. Authorizing the State Auditor to settle the account of the Register

for the Virginia Military school lands.

213. Resolution reappointing Mordecai Bartley register.

General. VOL. XX.

6. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act relative to permanent

leases," passed January 29, 1821.

49. An act to amend the act concerning the safekeeping of idiots, luna-

tics, etc., passed January 4, 1820.

53. An act supplementary to an act regulating the duties of county

auditors and commissioners.

56. An act levying a tax on land.

84. An act supplementary to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate

the original surveyed townships."

Local.

10. An act granting further time to the lessees of school lands in the

Virginia Military tract for the payment of arrearages in rent.

11. An act to incorporate the Academy of Alma in the town of Adams,

Harrison County.

21. An act authorizing the township trustees in Preble County to grant

a permanent lease with new conditions on school lands.

27. An act to incorporate the Urbana Academy.

30. An act to incorporate the Rutland Academy in the County of Meigs.

34. An act regulating school lands in the Connecticut Western Reserve.

36. An act amending the act to incorporate the Social Library Asso-

ciation of Salem.

41. An act supplementary to the act allowing further time to the les-

sees of school lands in the Virginia Military Tract for the

payment of arrearages of rent.

42. An act to authorize the inhabitants of Tp. 2, R. 8, Washington

County to elect trustees for managing School Section 16 in

said township.

47. An act to incorporate the Historical Society of Ohio.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 221

PAGE

51. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act further to amend the

several acts establishing the Miami University."

64. A committee report-Resolution concerning the granting of school

lands.

86. Resolution authorizing the governor to appoint seven commis-

sioners to report on a system of education for common schools.

87. Resolution appointing two trustees of the Ohio Unversity.

VOL. XXI.

General.

4. An act further to amend the act authorizing the establishment of

a medical college.

5. An act to ascertain the number of deaf and dumb persons in this

state.

26. An act levying a tax on land.

33. An act to authorize the surrender of certain leases, and for other

purposes.

Local.

5. An act repealing the act granting permanent leases for Section 16,

Tp. 2, R. 1, E.

31. An act amending the act to incorporate the trustees of the Erie

Literary Society.

39. An act for the relief and benefit of an orphan Indian child.

VOL. XXII.

General.

249. An act declaring what lands situated within the State of Ohio are

subject to the payment of taxes.

381. An act concerning apprentices and servants.

418. An act to incorporate the original surveyed townships.

Local.

14. An act to incorporate the Franklin Academy, Mansfield.

36. An act relating to the State Library.

68. An act further to amend the several acts establishing the Miami

University.

72. An act to incorporate the Norwalk Academy, Huron County.

82. An act authorizing a special leasing of the Virginia Military school

lands.

104. An act to incorporate the Belmont Academy in St. Clairsville, Bel-

mont County.

106. An act to incorporate the Milford Union School Society in Mil-

ford, Clermont County.

109. An act to incorporate the Jefferson School Association.

142. An act to incorporate medical societies.

222 Ohio Arch

222 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

153. Resolution and memorial to Congress on the subject of school

lands.

162. Resolution asking for school lands in the Western Reserve.

164. Resolution appointing trustees of the Ohio University.

186. Resolution appointing one trustee of the Ohio University.

VOL. XXIII.

General.

16. An act to amend the act incorporating medical societies, etc.

19. An act for the better regulation of the Medical College of Ohio,

and making certain appropriations.

23. An act to amend the act levying a tax upon land.

25. An act for the relief of lessees of the Virginia Military school

lands.

36. An act to provide for the support and better regulation of common

schools.

47. An act supplementary to several acts regulating the admission of

attorneys, and for regulating the practice of physicians and

surgeons.

58. An act establishing an equitable mode of levying taxes in this state.

Local.

3. An act to incorporate the Elizabethtown Library Society, Hamilton

County.

10. An act to provide for the leasing of certain school lands therein

mentioned.

12. An act to incorporate the Theological Seminary of the Protestant

Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio.

18. An act to incorporate the Circleville Academy.

22. An act to incorporate the College of Alma in the town of New

Athens.

30. An act authorizing the County Commissioners of Athens in Cler-

mont County to perform certain acts therein named.

34. An act to provide for a valuation of certain school lands.

40. An act authorizing a revaluation of certain School Sections 16 in

Gallia County.

44. An act to incorporate the Literary Society of St. Joseph's.

55. An act to enable the trustees of Tp. 3, R. 8, Washington County,

to revalue certain school lands.

76. An act to incorporate the Windham Library Association, Portage

County.

78. An act to authorize the Auditor of State to collect the amount due

from William W. Cotgreve to the Virginia Military School

funds.

101. An act to incorporate the Social Library of Kendall, Stark County.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 223

PAGE

106. Resolution appointing a trustee of the Ohio University.

112. Resolution appointing two trustees of the Ohio University.

114. Resolution for the purpose of ascertaining the value of school

lands in this state.

116. Resolution appointing an agent for the Western Reserve school

lands.

116. Resolution charging interest on the loan of the Virginia Military

School Fund to a certain road fund.

VOL. XXIV.

General.

4. An act making special appropriations.

4. An act to incorporate and establish the Medical College of Ohio.

17. An act amending the act for levying taxes.

52. An act authorizing the trustees of the Ohio University to dispose

of certain lands.

62. An act levying a tax for state purposes.

63. An act amending an act to incorporate the original surveyed town-

ships.

78. An act further to amend the act incorporating medical societies.

81. An act making appropriations.

Local.

5. An act to incorporate the Frederickstown Library Society, Knox

County.

24. An act to incorporate the Preble Library Society.

33. An act authorizing the Commissioners of Franklin County to do-

nate certain public buildings in Franklinton to the Episcopal

Seminary.

35. An act to incorporate the Bloomfield Social Library Society, Trum-

bull County.

36. An act to incorporate the Charity School of Kendall, Stark County.

39. An act supplementary to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate

the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church."

49. An act to amend the act to incorporate the College of Alma.

57. An act authorizing the County Commissioners of Clermont County

to convey certain lands.

82. An act to incorporate the Social Library Society, Fairfield, Colum-

biana County.

86. An act to incorporate the Aldrich Library Association, Huron

County.

87. An act for the relief of James Fraisure, and others.

92. An act to incorporate the Mesopotamia Central School Society.

93. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Western Reserve College.

122. Resolution appointing a register of the Virginia Military School

Lands.

224 Ohio Arch

224 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

122. Resolution directing the Auditor to audit claims for interest against

William W. Cotgreve and others, to be paid out of the Vir-

ginia Military Fund if found just.

123. Resolution allowing the widow of said Cotgreve to receive rents

of the house and lot which she now occupies, notwithstanding

any sale which may be made by virtue of the judgment ob-

tained by the Auditor.

123. Resolution appointing trustees of the Ohio University.

123. Resolution directing the Auditor to transfer interest on loans made

for the Virginia Military School Fund to a certain road fund.

126. Resolution appointing an agent for certain school lands in the

Western Reserve.

VOL. XXV.

General.

20. An act supplementary to the act to amend the act incorporating

medical societies.

26. An act to provide for the sale of Section 16, granted by Congress

for the use of schools.

65. An act supplementary to the act to provide for the support and

better regulation of common schools.

78. An act to establish a fund for the support of common schools.

85. An act to loan the State of Ohio school money from the Virginia

Military and U. S. Military Districts.

87. An act to establish an asylum for the education of deaf and dumb

persons.

103. An act to obtain the consent of the inhabitants for the sale of

school lands in the U. S. Military District.

Local.

3. An act to incorporate the Dayton Library.

4. An act appointing trustees for the Miami University.

8. An act to incorporate the Franklin Library Company of Little

Sandy.

18. An act to change a medical district.

24. An act for the relief of Henry Wagner.

25. An act to provide for the revaluation of certain school lands in

the Ohio Company's Purchase.

27. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands.

29. An act for the relief of certain lessees of the U. S. Military school

lands in Guernsey County.

42. An act to incorporate the Brookfield Library Society, Morgan

County.

45. An act enabling the inhabitants of the Virginia Military District to

vote on the sale of school lands.

55. An act to incorporate the Harmony Library Society, Fayette County.

56. An act to incorporate the Columbia Library Society, Lorain County.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 225

PAGE

57. An act to incorporate the Buffalo Library Society in the counties

of Guernsey, Morgan and Muskingum.

62. An act to incorporate the Woodward Free Grammar School.

96. An act to incorporate the Middlebury Academy of Perry County.

112. Resolution appointing a trustee of Miami University.

112. Memorial to Congress asking that a law be passed authorizing the

sale of Section 29 in the Ohio Company's Purchase and the

John Cleve Symmes Purchase.

113. Resolution concerning a grant of land to aid in the education of

the deaf and dumb persons.

114. Resolution directing the Auditor of State to procure a list of all

appraisements of school lands in the United States Military

district.

115. Petition asking for certain school lands in the Western Reserve.

118. Resolution appointing agents for school lands in the Western

Reserve.

122. Resolution requiring the President and trustees of Ohio University

to report annually to the General Assembly.

VOL. XXVI.

General.

4. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to establish an asylum

for the education of deaf and dumb persons."

4. An act directing the sale of sundry Sections 16.

7. An act authorizing the treasurer of Lincoln County to give bond.

10. An act amending the act providing for obtaining the consent of

the inhabitants of the U. S. Military School District for the

sale of lands.

23. An act providing for the sale of school lands in the Virginia Mili-

tary District.

44. An act authorizing the register of the Virginia Military school

lands to sell certain lots.

61. An act providing for the sale of school lands in the United States

Military school district.

78. An act to return to the State of Ohio certain school money.

80. An act to provide for granting temporary leases of certain school

lands.

Local.

3. An act to incorporate the Newburgh Library Society, Cuyahoga

County.

3. An act to incorporate the Liberty Library Society, Butler County.

8. An act for the relief of certain lessees.

13. An act to incorporate the Deacons of the Regular Baptist Church

of Stillwater.

24. An act confirming the exchange of school lands in Bellville.

Vol. XXVII- 15.

226 Ohio Arch

226 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

27. An act to incorporate the Hubbard Library Company, Trumbull

County.

27. An act authorizing the proprietors of the town of Dresden to make

changes in school lots.

28. An act to establish and incorporate the "Western Eye and Ear

Infirmary".

30. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts.

41. An act to incorporate the Union Library Society of Lexington.

47. An act authorizing the leasing of certain school lands.

54. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Medical Academy.

67. An act to incorporate the Goshen School Association, Logan

County.

78. An act authorizing a sale of the property of Cadiz Academy.

88. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands.

106. An act to incorporate the Hartford Library Society, Trumbull

County.

107. An act to incorporate the Lorain Library Society.

119. An act to incorporate the Yellow Spring Library Society, Greene

County.

135. An act enabling the inhabitants of the Connecticut Western Re-

serve to give their consent to the sale of their school lands.

159. An act authorizing the trustees of Township 10, Harrison County,

to execute new leases and revalue certain school lands.

161. An act to incorporate the Monroe Traveling and Circulating Li-

brary Society.

167. An act to incorporate the Nelson Academy.

169. An act granting aid to the trustees of the Tallmadge School for

the education of deaf and dumb persons.

175. Resolution concerning a grant of school land in the Connecticut

Western Reserve.

176. Resolution asking a grant of land for the Asylum for the Deaf

and Dumb.

179. Resolution permitting taxes on lands belonging to Kenyon College.

180. Resolution appointing three appraisers of the Virginia Military

school lands.

181. Resolution directing the clerks of the courts and the agents ap-

pointed to make out abstracts, etc., for the U. S. Military

school lands.

VOL XXVII.

General.

8. An act amending the act authorizing the trustees of the Ohio

University to dispose of certain lands.

11. An act to regulate grocers and retailers of spirituous liquors.

32. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to provide for the sale

of Section 16."

Appendix B

Appendix B. 227

PAGE

33. An act in addition to the act entitled, "An act to incorporate and

establish the City of Cincinnati, etc."

40. An act supplementary to the several acts authorizing the surrender

of leases of U. S. Military school lands, and amending the

act providing for the sale of said lands.

51. An act providing for the distribution of the proceeds of the Vir-

ginia Military school fund.

63. An act to provide further for the Asylum for the Education of

the Deaf and Dumb.

64. An act amending the act entitled, "An act for the sale of escheated

lands in the Township of Gallipolis."

73. An act to provide for the support and better regulation of com-

mon schools.

Local.

5. An act to incorporate the Social Library Company of Madison,

Geauga County.

7. An act to incorporate the Zanesville Athenaeum.

9. An act authorizing the register of the U. S. Military school lands

to grant certificates of purchase to certain individuals.

10. An act to amend an act incorporating the Frederickstown Library

Society.

10. An act to incorporate the Social Library of Greene, Trumbull

County.

14. An act to incorporate the Chester Library Company, Geauga

County.

15. An act to amend an act entitled, "An act to incorporate the Gallia

Academy."

17. An act for leasing certain school lands in Belmont County.

21. An act to incorporate the Sunbury Library Association, Delaware

County.

23. An act to create and establish a fund for the support of common

schools in the County of Clermont.

26. An act for the sale of certain school lands in Wayne County.

32. An act for the relief of the purchasers of certain school lands

in Lawrence County.

36. An act to provide for the revaluation of certain school lands,

Perry County.

36. An act for the relief of William Potter.

40. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands therein

described

62. An act authorizing the conveyance of a certain tract of land

therein described.

63. An act to incorporate the Ohio Social Library Society, Morgan

County.

228 Ohio Arch

228 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

64. An act authorizing the leasing of certain school lands in the Ohio

Company's Purchase.

68. An act for the relief of Henry Magner.

72. An act to incorporate the Methodist Church of Zanesville.

76. An act to amend the act incorporating the Charity School of

Kendall.

88. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands therein

described.

90. An act authorizing the Auditor of Shelby County to sell certain

Sections 16 in said county.

92. An act to incorporate the Ohio Mechanics' Institute.

95. An act to incorporate Nelson Library Society.

96. An act to incorporate the Barlow Library Society in Washington

County.

99. An act to create and establish a common school fund in that part

of the County of Warren composed of the Virginia Military

District.

105. An act to incorporate the Lyme and Ridgefield Circulating Li-

brary Society, Huron County.

103. An act to incorporate the Granville Library, Licking County.

106. An act directing the sale of certain school Sections 16, Preble

County.

112. An act authorizing the leasing of Sections 16 and 29 of the

11th Tp., R. 14.

118. An act to incorporate the Lane Seminary, Hamilton County.

127. An act to incorporate the Madison Library Association, Hamilton

County.

128. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school lands in Mus-

kingum County.

131. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Columbus Presbytery.

139. An act to incorporate the Vernon Library Society, Scioto County.

147. An act to incorporate the Education Society of Painesville, Cuya-

hoga County.

152. An act to incorporate the Hillsborough Academy, Highland County.

165. An act authorizing the school directors in the Township of Fair-

field, Butler County, to make a certain appropriation of money.

170. Memorial to Congress concerning school lands in the Western

Reserve.

171. Resolution for the location of the deaf and dumb asylum at Co-

lumbus.

173. Resolution appointing a register of the Virginia Military school

lands.

174. Resolution appointing two trustees of the Ohio University.

174. Memorial to Congress concerning a donation for the benefit of

colleges and universities.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 229

PAGE

177. Resolution appointing two trustees of the Charity school of Ken-

dall.

177. Resolution instructing the Secretary of State to have two thou-

sand copies of the school law printed in German.

177. Resolution appointing trustees for the Medical College of Ohio.

178. Resolution for printing the school laws.

179. Resolution making certain appropriations to the Register of the

Virginia Military School Lands.

180. Resolution directing the Auditor of State to transmit certain school

moneys to Clermont County.

VOL. XXVIII.

General.

11. An act amending the act providing for the distribution of the

Virginia Military school fund.

13. An act to incorporate the Township of Black River, Lorain County.

16. An act in addition to and further to amend the act providing for

the sale of Section 16.

17. An act in addition to the act providing for the sale of school lands

in the Virginia Military District.

30. An act to amend the act establishing an asylum for the education

of the deaf and dumb.

35. An act further to amend the act providing for the sale of Sec

tion 16.

55. An act in addition to an act to establish a fund for the support

of common schools.

59. An act to amend the act to provide for the sale of certain lands

granted by Congress to the State of Ohio.

Local.

3. An act providing for the appointment of appraisers for the U. S

Military school lands, Guernsey County.

8. An act to incorporate the Venice Library Society, in Butler County.

10. An act for the relief of James Elder.

15. An act to enable the inhabitants of the Western Reserve to give

their consent to the sale of their school lands.

20. An act authorizing the sale of certain school lands.

21. An act authorizing the leasing of a certain school section therein

named.

22. An act to incorporate the Brecksville Columbiana Literary Society,

Cuyahoga County.

23. An act to incorporate the Dresden Literary Society, Muskingum

County.

27. An act allowing the citizens of Rossville to appropriate certain

lots for public uses.

230 Ohio Arch

230 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

28. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Church of Cin-

cinnati.

46. An act to incorporate the Windsor Library Society, Ashtabula

County.

52. An act authorizing the revaluation of certain school land in Gallia

County.

53. An act appointing trustees for the Miami University.

55. An act authorizing the reappraisement of certain school land in

Perry County.

56. An act supplementary to the act providing for distributing certain

school funds in Clermont County.

57. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to provide for the sup-

port and better regulation of Common Schools."

57. An act to provide for the distribution of the proceeds of the Vir-

ginia Military School Funds heretofore appropriated to the

County of Clermont.

60. An act for the relief of James McMullen.

62. An act to incorporate the Mesopotamia Library Company, Trum-

bull County.

70. An act to incorporate the Marietta Library Society.

82. An act providing for the payment of certain claims out of the

United States School Fund.

88. An act to authorize the leasing of school lands therein named.

88. An act to incorprate the College of Ripley, Brown County.

92. An act to enable the Knoxville School Company, Jefferson County,

to close the concerns of said company.

93. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Windham School Com-

pany.

94. An act to incorporate the First Free Church in Warren Township,

Jefferson County.

102. An act to incorporate the First Lutheran Church in Ross Town-

ship, Jefferson County.

112. An act amending the act to provide for obtaining the consent of

the United States Military District to sell their school lands.

113. An act to provide for the sale of certain school land in Belmont

County.

116. An act to incorporate the High School of Elyria, Lorain County.

140. An act to incorporate the Associated Methodist Church of Spring-

field.

153. An act to provide for the revaluation and sale of a certain school

section therein named.

153. An act to provide for the revaluation and sale of a certain tract

of school land in Stark County.

157. An act to authorize the survey of certain school lands in Fairfield

County.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 231

PAGE

164. An act to incorporate the Newbury Social Library Society,

Geauga County.

165. An act to incorporate the town of Steubenville.

179. An act to incorporate the Lancaster Harmonic Society.

198. Resolution appointing trustees of the Charity School of Kendall.

202. Resolution appointing trustees for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

203. Resolution authorizing the sale of a certain Section 16 in Monroe

County.

205. Resolution providing for distributing two thousand copies of the

act providing for the distribution of the Virginia Military

School fund.

206. Resolution appointing a trustee of the Ohio University.

VOL. XXIX.

General.

89. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Church in Bur-

lington.

90. An act authorizing the appraisement and sale of school lands in

the Connecticut Western Reserve.

161. An act for the prevention of certain immoral practices.

272. An act pointing out the mode of levying taxes.

304. An act regulating sales at auction.

313. An act for granting licenses.

427. An act establishing an asylum for the education of deaf and dumb

persons, and repealing previous laws.

446. An act to regulate public shows.

469. An act to protect the fur trade.

423. An act to establish a fund for the support of Common Schools.

477. An act for the inspection of certain articles therein named.

490. An act to incorporate the original surveyed townships.

Local.

11. An act to incorporate the Dover Library Society, Athens County.

13. An act to incorporate the Ashtabula Library Association.

21. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Society of Twins-

burgh.

25. An act to incorporate the Williamsburgh Library Society, Cler-

mont County.

25. An act to further amend the act providing for the distribution

of the Virginia Military School Fund.

26. An act authorizing the treasurer of Muskingum County to issue

certificates of purchase for certain school lands.

31. An act to incorporate the First Presbyterian Society of Atwater.

41. An act to incorporate the Social Circulating Library Association

of Waverly, Pike County.

232 Ohio Arch

232 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

42. An act to incorporate the Brecksville Academical Association, Cuy

ahoga County.

43. An act to incorporate the Woodward High School of Cincinnati.

47. An act postponing the sale of certain school lands in Columbiana

County.

49. An act to incorporate the Hamilton and Rossville Library Society,

Hamilton County.

50. An act to incorporate the Middleberry Library Company.

51. An act for the relief of John M. Holly and John C. Coffing, Hu-

ron County.

57. An act to incorporate the Olmstead Library Company, Cuyahoga

County.

66. An act to amend the act incorporating the Madison College of

Ohio.

67. An act to incorporate the Athens Library Society, Athens County.

74. An act to incorporate the Erodelphian Society of Cincinnati.

81. An act further supplementary to the several acts authorizing the

surrender of leases of United States Military school lands, etc.

83. An act to incorporate the Ashtabula Social Library Association,

Ashtabula County.

89. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Church in Burling-

ton, Licking County.

90. An act authorizing the survey, appraisement and sale of all the

school lands in the Connecticut Western Reserve.

100. An act to incorporate the Wayne and Cherry Valley Union Li-

brary Association in Ashtabula County.

121. An act directing the sale of certain school Sections 16 in Butler

County.

122. An act amending the act to incorporate the Cincinnati Academy

of Fine Arts.

122. An act to incorporate the Historical and Philosophical Society of

Ohio.

126. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Lyceum.

130. An act authorizing the Auditor of Piqua County to grant certifi-

cates of purchase for certain school lands.

135. An act authorizing the Auditor of Seneca County to grant certifi-

cates of purchase for certain school lands.

137. An act to incorporate the trustees of the Ashtabula Institution

of Science and Industry.

139. An act to incorporate the Delaware Academy.

142. An act repealing the final part of the 11th Section of the act to

incorporate medical societies.

142. An act to incorporate the Utica Library Society, Licking County.

179. An act to incorporate the Capitol Library Society of Columbus.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 233

PAGE

184. An act for the relief of purchasers of certain school lands, Ross

County.

185. An act supplementary to the act providing for the sale of school

lands in the Virginia Military District.

186. An act authorizing the revaluation of a certain Section 16 Gallia

County.

187. An act making further provision for the sale of Section 16 granted

by Congress for the use of schools.

188. An act appointing one trustee for the Miami University.

196. An act incorporating the Philomathesian Society of Kenyon Col-

lege.

203. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Church of Yellow

Creek, Jefferson County.

204. An act for the relief of Hugh Porter.

207. An act for the sale of certain school lands therein named.

210. An act to amend the act providing for the distribution of the pro-

ceeds of the Virginia Military School Fund for Clermont

County.

215. An act for the relief of certain purchasers of school lands in Stark

County.

229. An act to provide for the distribution of the proceeds of the Vir-

ginia Military School Fund.

235. Resolution appointing trustees for the College of Ripley.

235. Resolution granting certain historical documents to the Zanesville

Athenaeum.

239. Resolution appointing trustees for the Ohio Deaf and Dumb Asy-

lum.

240. Resolution authorizing the Auditor of Muskingum County to re-

ceive leases of school lands and grant certificates of purchase.

242. Resolution appointing an agent for school lands in the Western

Reserve.

244. Resolution directing that all school lands sold shall be placed on

the tax duplicate.

246. Resolution appropriating money for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

247. Resolution concerning the printing of the school laws.

249. Resolution directing several boxes of government documents to

be sent to certain institutions.

VOL. XXX.

General.

4. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to provide for the sup-

port and better regulation of Common Schools."

13. An act for the relief of certain lessees of school lands, etc.

20. An act amending the act to establish an asylum for the deaf and

dumb.

234 Ohio Arch

234 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Local.

3. An act postponing the sale of a certain Section 16 in Clermont

County.

4. An act authorizing the trustees of a certain Section 16, Hamilton

County, to divide said section.

4. An act to incorporate the Hayesville Library Association, Medina

County.

30. An act to incorporate the Kinsman Academy, Trumbull County.

38. An act authorizing the Auditor of Shelby County to receive a lease

and grant certificates of purchase for certain school lands.

47. An act to incorporate the president and trustees of the Canton

Academy.

60. An act to incorporate the New Paris Library Society, Preble

County.

62. An act to incorporate the Farmington Academy.

64. An act to enable the lessees of certain school land in Richland

County to surrender their leases, etc.

64. An act to incorporate the First Calvinistic Congregational Society

of Hudson.

84. An act appointing one trustee for the Miami University.

87. An act to incorporate the First Universalian Religious Library

Society, of Marietta.

88. An act to incorporate the "Granville Literary and Theological In-

stitution."

111. An act to incorporate the Ashtabula Academy, Ashtabula County.

132. An act to amend the act authorizing the survey, sale, etc., of

school lands in the Western Reserve.

133. An act to incorporate the Clarksfield Library Society, Huron

County.

134. An act to incorporate the Darke County Library Society.

141. An act to incorporate the Huron Institute.

157. An act to incorporate the First Presbyterian Society of Middle-

bury.

178. An act to postpone the sale of a certain Section 16, Seneca County.

229. An act to incorporate the Steubenville Athenaeum.

230. An act to provide for the distribution of the Virginia Military

School Fund.

232. An act to incorporate the Western Academic Institute and Board

of Education.

234. An act to provide for the sale of certain Sections 16 in Hamilton

County.

238. An act to authorize the Auditor of Guernsey County to grant

certificates of purchase for certain school lands.

244. An act to incorporate the Guernsey Library and Reading Room.

247. An act amending the act authorizing the Auditor of Seneca County

to grant certificates of purchase, etc.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 235

PAGE

265. An act for the relief of the lessees of a certain Section 16 in

Morgan County.

267. An act to incorporate the Farmers' Library Company, Seneca

County.

268. An act to authorize the Governor to make deeds in certain cases.

275. An act to incorporate the Library Society of London, in Madison

County.

276. An act to incorporate the West Branch Library Association, in

Miami County.

277. An act to incorporate the Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Society

of Berkshire, Delaware County.

319. An act making appropriations for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

324. Resolution appointing trustees for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

325. Resolution appointing trustees, College of Ripley.

325. Resolution appointing trustees of the Ohio University.

326. Resolution appointing a trustee for the Ohio University.

326. Resolution granting the Superintendent of the Deaf and Dumb

Asylum use of the State Library.

327. Resolution appointing a Register of the Virginia school lands.

331. Resolution appointing trustees of the Medical College of Ohio.

336. Memorial to Congress concerning a grant for the use of a Deal

and Dumb Asylum.

338. Resolution granting Caleb Atwater authority to make abstracts of

certain documents.

SECOND SESSION.

VOL. XXX.

Local.

8. An act making an approprition to aid in the establishment of a

Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

8. An act amending an act authorizing the survey, etc., of school

lands in the Western Reserve.

VOL. XXXI.

General.

18. An act to amend the act entitled, "An act to prescribe the duties

of the County Treasurer."

24. An act to amend the act establishing an Asylum for the Deaf and

Dumb.

24. An act supplementary to the act establishing a fund for the sup-

port of common schools.

24. An act to amend an act to provide for the support and better

regulation of common schools.

236 Ohio Arch

236 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

26. An act to authorize the surrender of leases of School Section 16

in certain cases.

27. An act to repeal the act to incorporate medical societies, etc.

Local.

3. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Society of Franklin,

Portage County.

4. An act to incorporate the St. Mary's Female Literary Society.

5. An act making special provisions for the sale of a certain Section

16, Jefferson County.

10. An act to incorporate the Dane Law Library.

18. An act to incorporate the "Marietta College Institute and Western

Teachers' Seminary."

19. An act to incorporate the First Methodist Protestant Church of

Xenia, Greene County.

19. An act to incorporate the First Presbyterian Congregation in

Wellsville, Columbiana County.

31. An act to incorporate the Milford Library Association, Union

County.

33. An act to amend an act to incorporate the Academy of Perry

County.

52. An act to incorporate and establish the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum.

58. An act to incorporate the Mt. Vernon Lyceum.

58. An act making special provision for leasing a certain School Sec-

tion 16 in Jefferson County.

62. An act authorizing the Auditor of Washington County to sell

certain school lands.

63. An act to incorporate the Cleveland Library Company.

65. An act to incorporate the Nu Pi Kappa Society.

67. An act to incorporate the Miamisburg Union Meeting and School-

House Company.

72. An act authorizing the lessees of certain school lands in Carroll

County to surrender their leases, etc.

81. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Literary Society.

81. An act to incorporate the First Congregational Society in Free-

dom, Portage County.

83. An act to incorporate the Farmers' and Mechanics' Library Asso-

ciation in Aurora, Portage County.

84. An act to authorize the Auditor of Sandusky County to sell cer-

tain land.

89. An act to incorporate the Massillon Library Society.

92. An act to incorporate the McConnelsville Athenaeum.

93. An act to authorize the Auditor of Seneca County to complete

certain contracts.

94. An act to incorporate the Eden Library Association, Seneca County.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 237

PAGE

105. An act to incorporate the Franklin Library Association of Guil-

ford, Medina County.

117. An act for the relief of Jacob Hammer.

117. An act to incorporate the Cleveland Lyceum, Cuyahoga County.

131. An act to incorporate the First Congregational or Presbyterian

Church and Society of Granville, Licking County.

132. An act to incorporate the Fitchville Library Society, Huron County.

133. An act repealing the act to incorporate the president and trustees

of the Canton Academy.

134. An act extending the time for making payment by the purchasers

of certain Virginia Military School Lands.

159. An act to incorporate the Wadsworth Library Society, Medina

County.

160. An act authorizing the Auditor of Wayne County to apportion

school moneys.

160. An act to incorporate the First Presbyterian Church of Mt. Leigh,

Adams County.

174. An act amending the act to incorporate the trustees of Chillicothe

Academy.

178. An act prohibiting the sale of a certain Section 16 in Preble

County.

186. An act appointing trustees for the Miami University.

187. An act providing for the sale of a certain Section 16 in Darke

County.

188. An act to incorporate the Chillicothe Female Seminary.

193. An act to incorporate the Wayne County Ohio Teachers' Asso-

ciation.

195. An act to incorporate the Lancaster Library Association, Fairfield

County.

197. An act to incorporate the Cincinnati Medical Society.

198. An act to provide for the distribution of the proceeds of the

United States Military School Funds.

204. An act to provide for the sale of a certain Section 16 in Wayne

County.

205. An act concerning the sale of certain school lands in Preble

County.

207. An act to incorporate the Ohio Medical Lyceum in Cincinnati.

227. An act to incorporate the Urbana Athenaeum.

234. An act to incorporate the Xenia Lyceum.

238. An act appropriating fifteen hundred dollars for the Deaf and

Dumb Asylum.

238. An act relating to the Miami University lands.

248. An act concerning the sale of certain school lands in the Counties

of Guernsey, Hancock and Champaign.

238 Ohio Arch

238 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

PAGE

259. Memorial to Congress concerning a school grant in the Western

Reserve.

265. Resolution appointing trustees of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

266. Resolution concerning statutes against certain delinquent lessees.

267. Resolution appointing trustees of Ripley College.

268. Resolution appointing a register of the Virginia Military School

Lands.

269. Resolution granting free tuition to an indigent student in each

district in the Medical College.

272. Resolution directing the Governor to provide for an inspection of

the Medical College.

VOL. XXXII.

General.

12. An act to provide for the revaluation of real property in this

state.

20. An act to provide for the punishment of certain crimes therein

named.

25. An act to provide for the support and better regulation of Com-

mon Schools.

36. An act further to amend the act establishing a deaf and dumb

asylum.

47. An act to provide for the inspection of salt.

Local.

33. An act appointing trustees of Miami University.

76. An act authorizing applying school funds on building.

84. An act appointing a trustee of Miami University.

100. An act amending an act establishing the School Fund, Warren

County.

143. An act providing for the distribution of the School Fund of Car-

roll County.

168. An act authorizing the auditor to settle accounts, Section 16,

Wayne County.

187. An act providing for the distribution of United States Military

School Funds.

216. An act authorizing the sale of Section 16, Ohio Company's Pur-

chase.

428. Making appropriations, Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

ACTS INCORPORATING EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.

Medina County Athenaeum, 8; Medina County Medical Lyceum, 9;

Rome Library Company, 16; Young Men's Reading and Literary So-

ciety in Morgan, Ashtabula County, 31; German Lutheran Seminary, 46;

Richfield Social Library, 31; Baptist Convention of Ohio, 63; (amend-

Appendix B

Appendix B. 239

atory) Norwalk Academy, 85; Springfield Lyceum, 105; Phylozetian So-

ciety, Western Reserve College, 105; Akron Lyceum and Library Asso-

ciation, Portage County, 142; Elyria Lyceum, 140; Harmony Library

Company, Muskingum County, 150; Guilford Lyceum, Medina County,

150; Chillicothe Lyceum and Mechanics' Institute, 165; Ravenna Acad-

emy, 177; Gustavus Center Library Company, Trumbull County, 177;

Lagrange Library Association, Lorain County, 191; Philosophic Literary

Society, Franklin College, 193; Cincinnati Law Library, 195; (amend-

atory) Granville Literary and Theological Institution, 215; Zanesville

Juvenile Lyceum, 217; The Teachers' Institute, 217; Union Academy,

Wayne County, 223; Springborough Library Company, Warren County,

225; Oberlin Collegiate Institute, 226; Circleville Athenaeum, 234; Vinton

Academy, Gallia County, 234; Free Discussion Library, Andover, Ashta-

bula County, 238; Social Library Company, Geauga County, 265; Spring-

field High School, 270; Female Academy, Mt. Vernon, 333; Willoughby

University of Lake Erie, 376; (amendatory) The Theological Seminary

of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 380.

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING

EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS.

Presbyterian Church, Long Run, Columbiana County, 31; Free Will

Baptist Church, Conneaut, Ashtabula County, 64; First Regular Baptist

Church Society, Ashtabula, Ashtabula County, 161; Mt. Zion M. E.

Church, Clark County, 167; Presbyterian Church, Steubenville, 194;

Baptist Church and Society, Conneaut, Ashtabula County, 329.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING OR LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Guernsey County, 30; Virginia Military School Lands, 42; Huron

County, 43; Muskingum County, 47; Jefferson County, 53; Hamilton

County, 88; Columbiana County, 95; Butler County, 162; Athens County,

184 and 189; Tuscarawas County, 193; Washington County, 214; Stark

County, 233; Sandusky County, 325.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

(Amendatory). Town of Fulton, 116; City of Cincinnati (Sections

29 to 36), 244.

Resolutions Concerning:

Trustees, Charity School of Kendall, 435; trustees, Ohio University,

436; Public lands for education, 451; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum,

453; West Point Military Academy, 456.

240 Ohio Arch

240 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

VOL. XXXIII.

General Acts.

(Amendatory). The method of levying taxes, 48; incorporation of

townships, 49.

Local Acts.

(Amendatory). Distribution of United Stat's Military School

Funds, 15; appointing trustee of the Miami University, 33; distribution of

interest of Western Reserve School Fund, 394; appropriation for the Deaf

and Dumb Asylum, 435.

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Stephen Strong's Manual Labor Seminary, 75; Richland Classical

Institute, Jefferson County, 21; (amendatory), Woodward High School,

Cincinnati, 23; Penfield Library Society, Lorain County, 38; New Lyme

Young Men's Society, 38; Mansfield High School, Ashtabula County, 48;

Conneaut Academy, 51; Marietta College, 53; renaming the Ashtabula In-

stitute of Science and Industry, Grand River Institute, 79; Windham

Academy, 87; Granville Female Seminary, 87; Fellenburgh Institute, Me-

dina County, 112; Milford Library Association, 177; (amendatory) Edu-

cation Society, Painesville, 118; Delaware Library Association, 119; Gal-

lipolis Lyceum, 148; Roscoe Social Library, Coshocton County, 149; Social

Library Company, Medina County, 149; Wesleyan Female Seminary,

Mansfield, 153; Darrtown Library Company, Butler County, 160; Eclectic

Academy of Medicine, Cincinnati, 161; Wadsworth Academy, 190; Paines-

ville Lyceum and Library Society, 197; Academic Institution of Litchfield,

Medina County, 199; (amendatory) Miami University, 298; Hamilton and

Rossville Female Academy, 305; Western Baptist Education Society, 317;

Vermilion Library Company, Huron County, 320; Circleville Female

Seminary, 321; Bishop's Fraternal Calvinistic Baptist Seminary, 328;

Urbana Juvenile Library, 330; (amendatory) Springfield High School,

341; Cuyahoga Lyceum, 396; Berea Lyceum, 441.

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING

EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS.

Associated Congregation of West Union, Columbiana County, 3;

First Presbyterian Society, Ashtabula, 7; Wardens and Vestrymen of

the Parish of St. Peter's Church, Rome, Ashtabula County, 80; First

Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, Cuyahoga County, 114; First Regular

Baptist Church of Christ, Berkshire, Ross County, 127; First Congrega-

tional Society, Litchfield, Medina County, 181; M. E. Church and Society,

Ashtabula County, 184; First Presbyterian Society, Wadsworth, Medina

County, 198; Union Presbyterian Church, Bloom Township, Seneca

County, 212; First Congregational Society, Harrisville, Medina County,

Appendix B

Appendix B. 241

218; First Presbyterian Congregation of Olivesville, Richland County,

251; First Baptist Church, Norwalk, Huron County, 253; First Congre-

gational Society, Solon, Cuyahoga County, 256; First Congregational So-

ciety, Strongville, Cuyahoga County, 301; Immanuel Church, New Phil-

adelphia, 322; Regular Baptist Church, Wooster, Wayne County, 339;

First Congregational Society, Munson, Geauga County, 342; First Pres-

byterian Church, Jefferson, Franklin County, 346; First Baptist Church,

Cherry Valley, Ashtabula County, 348; First Congregational Church, Ver-

milion, Huron County, 365; First Congrgeational Society, Kirtland,

Geauga County, 374; First Universalist Society, Scipio, Seneca County,

401.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING OR LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Relief of Sylvester Pearson, Athens County, 13; (extending time

of payment) Richland and Logan Counties, 34; (extending time of pay-

ment) Western Reserve, 35; Allen County, 57; Butler County, 78; relief

of purchasers in certain cases, 91; (extending time of payment) Butler

County, 115; Western Reserve (to vote on sale) 128; Wayne County,

150; Seneca County, 178; Wood County, 206; Columbiana County, 214;

Wood County, 302; Crawford County, 344; Harrison County, 370; Allen

County, 382; (extending time of payment) Richland County, 387.

Resolutions Concerning:

Trustees, Charity School of Kendall 438; Trustees, Deaf and Dumb

Asylum, 448; to ascertain the number of blind, 453; Trustees, Ohio Med-

ical College, 458; Trustees, Ohio Medical College, 469.

VOL. XXXIV.

General.

Law to incorporate religious societies, 17; providing for the sup-

port of Common Schools, 19; making appropriations (Deaf and Dumb

Asylum), 39.

Local.

Authorizing the use of township money for Common Schools (Darke

County) 446; (amendatory) distribution of Virginia Military School

Fund, 469; appointing trustees, Miami University, 528; making an appro-

priation to Franklin College, 610.

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Universal School of Massillon, 6; Young Men's Mercantile Library

Association, Cincinnati, 27; (amendatory) Woodward High School, Cin-

cinnati, 27; Belleville Library Company, Richland County, 83; Western

Academy of Natural Sciences, 110; Highland Library Association, 133;

Wellsville Literary Institute, 190; Putnam Classical Institute, 190; Bedford

Vol. XXVII -16.

242 Ohio Arch

242 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Lyceum, 191; Bedford Library Company, Cuyahoga County, 197; (amend-

atory) Nelson Academy, 222; Seneca County Academy, 242; Madison

Liberal Institute, 242; Jefferson Literary Society, Franklin College, 289;

Calliopean Society, Granville Literary Institution, 381; Hopewell Library

Company, 383; Wooster Academy, 386; North Union School Association,

Carroll County, 402; Shaw Academy, Cuyahoga County, 408; Rome Aca-

demical Company, Ashtabula County, 411; Academy of Sylvania, 458;

Granville Academy, 460; Westfield Library Society, Medina County, 467;

Brooklyn Library Company, Cuyahoga County, 468; Greensville Library

Association, 468; Port Washington Library and Lyceum Company, Tus-

carawas County, 488; Rutland Library Association, 488; Sharon Academy,

Medina County, 514; McIntire Poor School, Zanesville, 574; Medina Acad-

emy Lyceum, Cuyahoga County, 546; Cleves Independent School, Hamil-

ton County, 547.

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING

EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS.

Associated Reform Church, Piqua, Miami County, 7; M. E. Church,

Canton, Stark County, 11; First Congregational Church, Rome, Ashtabula

County, 28; Presbyterian Church, Monroeville, Jefferson County, 43;

German Reform Church, Dayton, Montgomery County, 45; First Metho-

dist Society, Sandusky, Huron County, 47; Wardens and Vestrymen of

Grace Church, Huron County, 51; Protestant Episcopal Church, Bellevue,

Huron County, 53; First Congregational Society, Lagrange, Lorain

County, 79; Lutheran and German Reform Church, New Rumley, Harri-

son County, 82; First Congregational Society, Geauga County, 95;

Cheviot Presbyterian Church, Hamilton County, 98; German Reform

Church, Greene County, 119; Presbyterian Congregation, Carrolton, 182;

M. E. Church, Willisville, Columbiana County, 193; First Presbyterian

Church, Lower Sandusky, Sandusky County, 246; First Presbyterian

Church, Knoxville, Jefferson County, 248; First Presbyterian Church,

Norwalk, Huron County, 290; First Presbyterian Church, New Lisbon,

292; First Presbyterian Church, Olive Township, Morgan County, 293;

Middlebury Baptist Church, 390; Free Will Baptist Society, 478; Presby-

terian Church, Helson, Licking County, 483; First Episcopal Church,

Maumee City, Lucas County, 488; Wardens and Vestrymen, St. Paul's

Church, Norwalk, 513; Second Baptist Church and Society, Geauga

County, 524; First Baptist Church, Madison, Geauga County, 555; First

Baptist Church, Massillon, 587.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING OR LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

(Amendatory) Virginia Military District, 15; Carroll County, 16;

Richland County, 72; Seneca County, 91; Jackson County, 118; Ohio

Company's Purchase, 121; (extending the time of payment) Butler

County, 128; Wayne County, 130; Butler County, 134; Seneca County,

Appendix B

Appendix B. 243

134; Relief of Charles Stewart, 144; twelve mile reserve, 152; Crawford

County, 218; Guernsey County, 312; Carroll County, 313; (extending the

time of payment) Richland County, 373; Crawford County, 400; (ex-

tending the time of payment) Logan County, 447; (extending the time of

payment) Richland County, 447; Ohio Company's Purchase, 523; Gallia

County, 589.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

City of Ohio, Section 29, 226; City of Cleveland, Sections 19 to

29, 271; Town of Akron, Section 7, 433.

Resolutions Concerning:

University, 643; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 647; distribution of

school laws, 647; Committee on Education of Blind, 648; trustees, Ripley

College, 649; School District Manual, 659; information on European

school systems, 659; a deaf and dumb student, 662.

VOL. XXXV.

General.

Declaring valid certain leases, 63; creating the office of Superin-

tendent of Common Schools, 82; providing for a geological survey, 84;

providing for distribution of the state's share of U. S. surplus, 97; to

punish trespassers on public lands, 111; appropriations Deaf and Dumb

Asylum, 113; provision for instruction of the blind, 116; receiving for-

eign pupils in Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 118; levying a tax for state

purposes, 121.

Local.

increasing the number of trustees and visitors of Common Schools,

Cincinnati, 141; appointing a trustee of the Miami University, 152;

authorizing directors to levy a tax for building purposes, Butler and

Geauga Counties, 243.

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Franklin Scientific and Rhetorical Society, Western Reserve Col-

lege, 3; Springborough School Company, Warren County, 4; Athenaeum

Literary Society, Ohio University, 5; German Reformed Synod of Ohio,

9; Middlebury High School, Portage County, 20; Putnam Lyceum, Mus-

kingum County, 22; Paris Library Association, Richland County, 47;

New Lisbon Lyceum, 49; Blendon Library Society, Franklin County,

53; St. Clair's Collegiate Seminary, 55; North Royalton Social Library

Society, Cuyahoga County, 96; Darby Creek Lyceum and Library Asso-

ciation, Union County, 104; (amendatory) St. Clairsville Female Colle-

244 Ohio Arch

244 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

giate Seminary, 108; Warren Academy, Trumbull County, 133; Shef-

field Manual Labor Institute, 139; Columbus Literary and Scientific In-

stitute, 167; Neville Institute, Columbiana County, 185; New Hagarstown

Academy, Carroll County, 193; Monroe Lyceum of Natural History and

Library Association, Ashtabula County, 195; Ruggles Library Society,

Huron County, 196; Stark County Orphans' Institute, 201; New Phila-

delphia Library Society, 237; Berea Seminary, Cuyahoga County, 230;

(amendatory) North Union School Association, Carroll County, 247;

Philomathean Literary Institute, Antrim, Guernsey County, 262; Mus-

kingum College, 272; (amendatory) Miami University, 303; Litchfield

Lyceum and Society, Medina County, 336; Mechanics' Institute, Leba-

non, Warren County, 339; Sandusky City Lyceum and Library Society,

Huron County, 340; Monroe Seminary, Monroe County, 342; Parma

Library Association, Cuyahoga County, 346; Baptist Literary and Col-

legiate Institute, Huron County, 347; (amendatory) Platonic. Library

Society, Delaware County, 353; Western Collegiate Institute, 378; Troy

Academy, Miami County, 380; Stark County Lyceum, 405; New Phila-

delphia Academy, 406; Teachers' Institute, Licking County, 417; Mas-

sillon Academy, 425; (amendatory) Young Men's Library Association,

Cincinnati, 445; Cleveland Female Seminary, 511; Cleveland Female

Orphan Asylum, 513.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

(Extending time of payment) Virginia Military school lands, 10;

Ohio Company's Purchase, 14; relief of John Feller, Fairfield County,

58; Muskingum County, 170; (repealing) relief of John Feller, 175;

Monroe County, 184; Putnam County, 207; Crawford County, 221; Ham-

ilton County, 224; Miami County, 229; (extending time of payment)

Logan County, 230; (extending time of payment) Butler County, 242;

Carroll County, 243; Wood County, 247; Monroe County, 261; Darke

County, 265; Washington, Meigs and Gallia Counties, 267; Crawford

County, 275; Jefferson County, 290; Wood County, 297; Crawford

County, 319; Wood County, 321; Ohio Company's Purchase, 352; Har-

din County, 437; (amendatory) selling of Section 16, 446.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

City of Toledo, Section 29, 32.

Resolutions Concerning:

Athens College (requiring reports), 543; trustees, Deaf and Dumb

Asylum, 555; Dr. Howe's Report, education of the blind, 559; appro-

priation, State Superintendent of Common Schools, 560; State Library,

562; trustees, Ohio Institution for the Blind, 566.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 245

VOL. XXXVI.

General.

For the support of Common Schools, 21; for the relief of the

Medical College of Ohio, 37; making further provision for the Institu-

tion of the Blind, 49; amending the act for the sale of Section 16, 63;

authorizing County Auditors to permit certain school districts to receive

their portion of school funds, 73; (amendatory) distribution of the

surplus revenue, 79; levying a tax for state and school purposes, 85;

regulating office of County Auditors (school duties), 90; appropria-

tions, State Library, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Professor Stowe's Report,

and Superintendent of Common Schools, 92.

Local.

Authorizing certain school districts to borrow money for school-

houses, Stark County, 164; authorizing the sale of public square, Win-

chester, Adams County (to erect school-house), 98; authorizing a loan

to Ohio University, 205; for the relief of the town of Dover, Tuscara-

was County, 211; authorizing a school district in Stark County to bor-

row money (building), 227; appointing trustees Miami University, 269.

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Rush Medical Society of Willoughby University of Lake Erie, 15;

(amendatory) Lane Seminary, 22; Theological Seminary of the Asso-

ciated Reform Synod of the West, 34; Newark Athenaeum, 39; Akron

High School, Portage County, 52; Cambridge Academy, Guernsey County,

98; Massillon Female Seminary, Stark County, 98; Granger Library

Association, Medina County, 106; Ohio Falls Primary Institute, Chagrin

Falls, Cuyahoga and Geauga Counties, 107; Western Reserve Wesleyan

Seminary, 157; Edinburgh Academy, 159; Columbus Female Benevolent

Society, 185; Adelphic Society, Western Reserve College, 186; Literary,

Historical and Philosophical Society, Canton, Stark County, 187; Wayne

Academy, 190; Logan College, 203; Immigrants' Friends Society, Section

2, Cincinnati, 208; Norwalk Female Seminary, 210; Chester Academy,

Geauga County, 227; Eaton Academy, Preble County, 231; Sandusky

Academy, Huron County, 235; Dover Lyceum, Tuscarawas County, 220;

Union Men's Association, Toledo, 270; Union Academy, Union County,

287; Dover Academy, Tuscarawas County, 317; Lebanon Medical So-

ciety, 347; Marion Academy, Marion County, 362; First Mechanics

Lyceum, Marietta, Washington County, 365; Newark Association for

the Promotion of Education, 371; Painesville Library Association,

Geauga County, 378.

246 Ohio Arch

246 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING

EDUCATIONAL FUNCTION.

Society of United Christians, Berea, Cuyahoga County, 238.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Monroe County, 38; (extending time of payment) Warren County,

49; Richland County, 50.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

(Amendatory) town of Fulton (Section 2), 199; (amendatory)

City of Cincinnati (Section 6), 241; City of Chillicothe (Section 30),

274; (amendatory) Town of Portsmouth (Sections 14 to 23), 329.

Resolutions Concerning:

State Superintendent of Common Schools, 399; Trustees, Medical

College of Ohio, 402; Professor Stowe's Report (Elementary Public

Education in Europe), 402; Members of the Geological Group, 403;

Geological Survey, 404; Professor Stowe's Report, 404; appropriating

five hundred dollars, Professor Stowe, 404; trustees, Charity School of

Kendall, 404; trustees, Ohio Institution for the Blind, 408; trustees, Deaf

and Dumb Asylum, 409; Common School Reports and C. E. Stowe's

Report, 410; appointing Superintendent of Common Schools, 411; school

tax on colored people, 412; school lands in land acquired from Indians,

413; Report of Superintendent of Common Schools, 415; concerning a

state University for teachers, 418.

VOLUME XXXVII.

General.

To regulate incorporated literary societies, 49; (amendatory) for the

regulation of Common Schools, 61; authorizing the Canal Fund Com-

missioners to borrow money, 68; making appropriations of various items

concerning education, 71; for the relief of holders of leases of Section

16, 78.

Local.

Authorizing school trustees to borrow money, Gallipolis, 20; (amend-

atory) trustees of Windham School Fund, 50; organizing Hamilton, But-

ler County, into two school districts, 51; authorizing Chillicothe to bor-

row money (school purposes), 64; concerning medical and surgical

supervision of the Commercial Hospital of Ohio, 71; authorizing Troy

and Miami Counties to borrow money, school building, 136; to remit a

building tax, Ashtabula County, 224; to levy a school tax, 235; appoint-

ing trustees, Ohio University, 277; authorizing Wooster to borrow money

(school purposes), 283; dividing Akron into two school districts, 285.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 247

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Bigelow High School, Xenia, 6; Johnstown Lyceum, Licking County,

13; Rockford Lyceum, Cuyahoga County, 18; McConnellsville Library

and Reading Room Association, 21; Martinsburg Academy, Knox County,

30; Blendon Young Men's Seminary, 43; Ashland Academy, Richland

County, 44; Western Reserve Teachers' Seminary, 79; Oxford Female

Seminary, 80; First Universalian Religious Library Society, Harmar, 84;

Asbury Seminary, Chagrin Falls, 109; St. Mary's Library Association,

126; Dayton Mechanics Institute, 135; Worthington Female Seminary,

141; Martinsville Silliman Institute and Library Company, 144; Philo-

mathean Society, Ohio University, 146; Franklin Library Association,

147; Universalist Institute, Ohio City, 155; Parkman Academy, Geauga

County, 156; Monroe Academical Association, Monroe County, 166;

Woodsfield Lyceum, 168; Harveysburgh High School Company, Warren

County, 169; Conneaut Lyceum, 195; Literary and Botanical Medical

College of the State of Ohio, 208; Elizabethtown Circulating Library

Company, Licking County, 217; Perrysburgh Literary and Library Asso-

ciation, 219; Brooklyn Center Academy, 222; Auglaize Seminary, 254;

Lithopolis Academy, 255; Worthington Literati, 256; Meigs County

High School and Teachers' Institute, 257; Mt. Pleasant Boarding School,

262; Fredonia Library Association, Licking County, 263; Cuyahoga Falls

Institute, 263; Ravenna Female Seminary, 291; Malta Lyceum, 294; Fair-

field Library Association, Huron County, 295; Philomathean Literary

Institute changed to Mason College, Guernsey County, 308; New Hagars-

town Female Seminary, 344; (supplementary) Theological Seminary

Protestant Episcopal Church, 353.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

(Extending time of payment) Butler County, 10; Columbiana County,

39; Jefferson County, 88; (relief of John Wolfe), Montgomery County,

130; Hocking County, 140; Greene County, 170; Jackson County, 198;

(extending time of payment) Holmes County, 260; (relief of two les-

sees) Clark County, 315; Jefferson County, 387.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

Support and better regulation of public schools, Zanesville, 194;

(amendatory) City of Cincinnati, Section 6, 297.

Resolutions Concerning:

Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools, 394; trustees,

Ripley College, 395; trustees, Blind Asylum, 403; register, Virginia Mili-

tary District School Lands, 404; (exemption from tuition) two deaf and

dumb students, 405; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 414.

248 Ohio Arch

248 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

VOLUME XXXVIII.

General.

Levying taxes, Section 1, 3; inspection of salt (fines for schools), 25;

(amendatory) incorporating townships, 58; (amendatory) sale of Sec-

tion 16, 61; (amendatory) sale of school lands, United States Military

School District, 62; (amendatory) levying taxes, Section 1, 81; (extend-

ing time of payment) purchasers of school lands, 83; abolishing the

office of Superintendent of Common Schools, 131; making appropria-

tions (various educational items), 144.

Local.

Appointing trustees, Miami University, 96; (amendatory) regulating

the fur trade (fees for schools), 129; to establish a school district, War-

ren County, 145; (amendatory) to establish a school fund in Warren

County, 149.

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Airington Lyceum, 8; Harmar Lyceum, 19; Neville Library Society,

19; Marysville Library Institute, 28; Oxford Library Society, Butler

County, 29; Bascom Seminary of Waynesburg, Stark County, 29; Liter-

ary and Philosophical Society, Smithfield, Jefferson County, 30; Addison

Library Association, Champaign County, 36; Athenaeum Library Society,

Warren County, 47; Portsmouth Library Company, 45; Kalida Lyceum,

70; Alpha Kappa Society, Marietta College, 78; (repealing) Stark County

Orphans' Institute, 87; Miami Society, 104; Burlington Library Associa-

tion, Lawrence County, 111; Union Literary Society, Miami University,

125; Greenfield Institute, Huron County, 127; Streetsboro High School,

127; Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences, 138; Farmers and Me-

chanics Institute, Hamilton County, 139; Willoughby Female Academy,

155; Franklin Literary Society, Bellville, Richland County, 163; (amend-

atory) establishing a college in Worthington, 174; Twinsborough Library

Society, 179; Reading Mutual Improvement and Library Association,

Hamilton County, 183; American Lyceum of Education, Cincinnati, 192;

(repealing) Washington Social Library Company, 197.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Steubenville land district, 14; Lawrence County, 42; relief of lessee,

Harrison County, 62; Preble County, 66; Washington County, 77; Knox

County, 81; Greene County, 96; Lucas County, 97; (relief of Timothy

Evarts), Richland County, 107; Williams County, 109; Allen County,

125; Columbiana County, 131; Scioto County, 132; Delaware County,

133; Athens County, 143; Shelby County, 144; Akron School District,

145; (relief of two lessees) Washington County, 160; Tuscarawas

County, 164; Lucas County, 177; (relief of lessees) Washington County,

Appendix B

Appendix B. 249

178; Columbiana and Carroll Counties, 180 (amendatory) Ohio University

lands, 183; (relief of David Holbrook) Morgan County, 195; Meigs

County, 211.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

City of Cincinnati, Sections 9 to 12, 157.

Resolutions Concerning:

Use of State Library, 217; deaf and dumb student, 217; interest on

school funds, 220; report of Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 224; admission of

certain indigent students to Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 233; trustees, Deaf

and Dumb Asylum, 243; trustees, Ohio University, 244; trustee, Ohio

Institution for Instruction of Blind, 246.

VOLUME XXXIX.

General.

Extending time for payment to purchasers of school lands in this

state, 25; making appropriations (various educational items), 29; (amend-

atory) for the prevention of certain immoral practices, 34; (amendatory)

providing for the distribution of this state's proportion of the surplus

revenue, 41; an act declaratory of the law in certain cases, and to pro-

hibit the appraisers of land from purchasing same, 42; (amendatory) an

act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools, 44.

Local.

Appointing trustees of the Miami University, 122; authorizing the

trustees of Zanesville Township to lay off in school districts the part of

the township not included in the limits of Zanesville, 128; to form a new

school district, Franklin County, 177; to form a new school district, Troy

Township, Richland County, 178.

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

The Phi Delta Society of Western Reserve College, 4; The Ridge-

ville Lyceum, Lorain County, 7; Massillon Lyceum, Stark County, 9;

The Cincinnati New Jerusalem Church School Association, 11; James-

town Literary Society, Greene County, 27; Psi Gamma Society, Marietta

College, 44; Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts, 50; Edinburg College,

Wayne County, 51; Columbus Literary Lyceum, 52; Beaver Lyceum, 52;

Franklin Institute of the Town of Portsmouth, 53; Lower Sandusky

Literary and Scientific Institute, 53; Franklin Library Association of

Carlisle, Lorain County, 53; Orange Library Company, Cuyahoga County,

54; Burlington Academy, Lawrence County, 62; Athens Female Academy,

65; Berkshire Educational Society, Delaware County, 103; Mayfield Cir-

culating Library, Cuyahoga County, 103; Franklin Library Society, Wa-

250 Ohio Arch

250 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

terford, Knox County, 104; (amendatory) Berea Seminary, Cuyahoga

County, 104.

ACTS CONCERNING CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS INCORPORATIONS MENTIONING

EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS.

(Amendatory) Incorporating the Wardens and Vestrymen of Grace

Church in Sandusky City, 160.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

(Amendatory) Allen County, 5; (relief of Herman Bower) San-

dusky County, 6; Stark County, 13; Sandusky County, 18; Darke County,

20; Columbiana County, 45; Hancock County, 73; Knox County, 85;

Mercer County, 89; Williams County, 93; Sandusky County, 116; Ohio

Company's Purchase, 129; Marion County, 166; Lucas County, 168;

Wood County, 170; United States Reserve of Lucas County, 171; United

States Reserve of Lucas County, 173.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

To regulate Common Schools in the town of Marietta, 22; incor-

porating and establishing the city of Dayton (Sections 29 to 33), 135.

Resolutions Concerning:

Trustees, Neville Institute, 183; trustees, Medical College of Ohio,

184; use of State Library, 185; trustee, Ohio Institute for the Blind, 186;

trustee, Ohio University, 186; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 190;

deed for school land, 191; education of certain blind persons, 195.

VOLUME XL.

General.

(Amendatory) for the support and better regulation of Common

Schools, etc., 49; making appropriations (various school items), 59.

Local.

Authorizing a school district in Muskingum County to sell a part of

school-house lot, 24; to alter certain school districts, Bucyrus, Crawford

County, 37; authorizing the levy of an additional tax, School District

No. 2, Rome Township, Ashtabula County, 48; for the relief of the Fund

Commissioners of Clermont County, 69; (amendatory) authorizing trus-

tees of Troy Township to lay off a school district, 89; for the relief of

the Mayor, Recorder and Trustees of Dresden, Muskingum County, 97;

authorizing the sale of the public square in Jacksville, Adams County

(funds for school use), 103; making special appropriations in favor of

Shelby, Cuyahoga and Lawrence Counties, 182.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 251

ACTS CONCERNING INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

First Moral Library Association of Williamsfield, Ashtabula County,

5; Chagrin Falls Mechanics Library Association, Cuyahoga County, 16;

Mechanics Institute, Urbana, 16; Philomathean Literary Society, Ashta-

bula County, 31; Dover Library Association, Cuyahoga County, 35; Don-

aldsville Library Association, Clark County, 36; (amendatory) Protes-

tant Methodist Academy in the Village of Brighton, Cuyahoga County,

59; Trustees of the Central College of Ohio, 76; Eaton Medical Society,

83; St. Xavier College, 84; Orwell Library and Reading Society, Ashta-

bula County, 85; Pine Grove Academy, Porter, Gallia County, 86;

(amendatory) Urbana Academy, 88; (amendatory) Wesleyan University,

111; (repealing) Granville Alexandria Society, 113; Ohio Conference

High School, Springfield, Clark County, 114; Canaan Union Society, 116;

Tallmadge Academical Institute, 117; Bath High School, Bath, Summit

County, 119; Lafayette University, New Carlisle, Clark County, 119;

Findlay Literary Lyceum, Hancock County, 141; Portsmouth Mechanics

Institute and Mechanics Library Association, 122; (amendatory) Philo-

zethian Society of the Western Reserve College, 122; Wellsville Lyceum,

Gallia County, 123; (amendatory) Miami University, 123; (amendatory)

Barnesville Male Academy, 128.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Athens County, 3; Seneca County, 36; Sandusky County, 66; Craw-

ford County, 81; Marion County, 86; Crawford County, 89; Muskingum

County, 101; Lucas County, 108; Perry County, 124; Lucas County, 128;

Jackson County, 135; Meigs County, 137; Miami Purchase, 138; San-

dusky County, 141; Williams County, 144; Putnam County, 150; Tus-

carawas County, 173; Sandusky County, 198.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

(Amendatory) City of Cincinnati, Section 2, 143.

Resolutions Concerning:

An indigent blind student, 205; trustees, Charity School of Kendall,

206; a certain blind student, 211; register of the Virginia Military Dis-

trict School Lands, 212; trustees, Charity School of Kendall, 212; a cer-

tain deaf and dumb student, 215; a certain blind student, 215; a certain

deaf and dumb student, 216; a blind student, 217; a deaf and dumb stu-

dent, 217; Ohio University lands, 218; trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum,

228; trustee, Ohio Institute for the Blind, 230.

252 Ohio Arch

252 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

VOLUME XL-Second Session.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Lucas County, 2.

Resolution Concerning:

A certain deaf and dumb student, 7.

VOLUME XLI.

General.

An act to extend the time of payment to purchasers of school lands

in this state, 4; regulating the sale of ministerial and school lands and

the surrender of permanent leases thereto, 20; (amendatory) making fur-

ther provision for the instruction of the blind, 57; (amendatory) for the

support and better regulation of Common Schools, etc., 59; for the regu-

lation of county jails, 74; making appropriations (various educational

items), 95.

Local.

(Repealing) Incorporating the town of Mt. Eden, 49; authorizing

the trustees of Milton Township, Trumbull County, to lay off the town-

ship into school districts, 60; authorizing the trustees of Painesville

Township, Licking County, to divide the town into school districts, 62;

appointing trustee of Miami University, 87; an act to erect the Risdon

Common School District, 125; making a special appropriation to Cham-

paign County for school purposes, 155; to divide the town of Lancaster

into school districts, 216; to divide School District No. 1, Warren Town-

ship, Trumbull County, 219; Morgantown Medical Society, 145; trustees

of the Methodist Female Collegiate Institute of Cincinnati, 146; Oakland

Female Seminary, Hillsborough, 148; New Paris Medical Institute,

Preble County, 174; Massillon Young Men's Polemic Society, Stark

County, 175; Mechanics Lyceum and Library Association of Warren,

Trumbull County, 176; to change the name of the Franklin Society of

Granville College, 220; Bellefontaine Ohio College, 220; Mechanics Asso-

ciation of Fulton, Hamilton County, 226.

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Berlin Union Society, Holmes County, 9; amending the charter of

Ohio Wesleyan University, 12; trustees of the Germania College, 12;

Young Men's Literary Association of Springfield, 14; New Lisbon Acad-

emy, Columbiana County, 14; Defiance Literary Lyceum, Williams

County, 15; (amendatory) trustees of the Windham School Fund, 26;

The Young Men's Franklin Society of Granville College, 30; St. Mary's

Female Institute, Cincinnati, 46; Wayne Township Lyceum, Jefferson

Appendix B

Appendix B. 253

County, 52; Badger Library Society of Plain, Wood County, 52; Maumee

City Academy, Lucas County, 62; Providence College, Harrison County,

63; New Orange Library Society of Cass, Miami County, 85; Western

Reserve Free Will Baptist Academical Society, 85; Alexandria Literary

Society Licking County, 86; Jefferson Library Association, Jefferson

Township, Ashtabula County, 91; Beverly College at Beverly, 92; Aloy-

sius Orphan Society of Cincinnati, 112; Cambrian Association of Cin-

cinnati for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 114; The Miami Union

Literary Society, Miami University, 125; Lebanon Academy, Warren

County, 127; (amendatory) The German Lutheran Seminary of the Ger-

man Lutheran Synod of Ohio, 129; (declaratory) The Ohio University,

144.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Wood County, 90; Richland County, 90; Washington County, 110;

Putnam County, 111; Hancock County, 111; United States Reserve, Lucas

County, 112; Hancock County, 126; Monroe County, 141; Athens County,

141; Wood County, 142; Seneca County, 142; Athens County, 143; Tus-

carawas County, 143; Columbiana County, 144; Williams County, 175;

Darke County, 176; Paulding County, 177; Williams County, 217; Wil-

liams County, 218.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

(Amendatory) The City of Cleveland, 130.

Resolutions Concerning:

Remission of taxes on certain university lands, 241; the instruction

of a certain blind Chinese child, 245; reports from state instruction, 248;

a deaf and dumb student, 248; a deaf and dumb student, 249; trustees,

Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, 253; a deaf and dumb student, 253; com-

pensation of Ephraim Cutler as Commissioner of Schools, 256; Deaf and

Dumb Asylum, 261.

VOLUME XLII.

General.

An act in relation to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 8; reducing the

compensation of members of the General Assembly and certain other

state and county officers, 21; an act in addition to an act to provide for

the inspection of salt (fines for schools), 33; preventing the introduction

and spread of the Canada Thistle (fines for schools), 37; increasing the

revenue of the state Common School Fund and making permanent the

transfer thereto, 38; an act to amend an act entitled "An act to extend

the time of payment of purchasers of School Lands in this state," 39;

an act to amend the act to regulate the sale of school and ministerial

lands and the surrender of permanent leases thereto, 43; an act to amend

the act entitled, "An act for the support and better regulation of Com-

254 Ohio Arch

254 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

mon Schools, etc.," 48; an act making appropriations for the year 1844

(various educational items), 78.

Local.

To erect a school district in Portage Township, Summit County, 3;

to divide School District No. 1, Warren Township, Trumbull County, 19;

authorizing School Districts 10 and 11, Painesville Township, Licking

County, to levy a special tax, etc., 126; vesting the property belonging to

the Knoxville School Company in the Knoxville School District in Jef-

ferson County, 212.

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Sylvania High School Company, Lucas County, 60; Lebanon Acad-

emy, 80; (amendatory) Western Reserve College, 95; (amendatory)

Calliopean Society of the Granville Literary and Theological Institution,

102; Acts to incorporate certain trustees therein named, 102:

1. The Berlin Young Men's Lyceum,

2. Erodelphian Society, Gallipolis,

3. The Handel Society of Western Reserve College;

West Lodi Academy, Seneca County, 107; Champaign Library Associa-

tion, Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga County, 110; Institute of Lower Sandusky,

Sandusky County, 112; Franklin Academy, Portage County, 115; Cin-

cinnati Astronomical Society, 122; (amendatory) Beverly College, 160;

Western Reserve Free Will Baptist Educational Society, 163; Cincinnati

Philosophical Library Association, Hamilton County, 169; Dayton Fe-

male Association for the Benefit of Orphans, 172; Salem Academy, Buck-

skin Township, Ross County, 178; Dudley Medical University of Wads-

worth, 179; Summit County Medical Society, 183; Lorain Institute, 184;

The Board of Directors of the English Lutheran Theological and Col-

legiate Institute at Wooster, Wayne County, 189; Waynesville Academy,

Warren County, 191; Keene Academy, Coshocton County, 210; Ravenna

Library Association, 213; (amendatory) North Union School Association

of Carroll County, 221

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Hancock County, 6; Sandusky County, 29; Carroll County, 66; Gallia

County, 67; Columbiana County, 83; Twelve Mile Square Reserve, 99;

Morgan County, 111; Putnam County, 121; Williams County, 131; Meigs

County, 132; Sandusky County, 132; Monroe County, 133; Crawford

County, 146; Hocking County, 149; Hocking County, 155; Williams

County, 156; Ottawa County, 156; Williams County, 157; Seneca County,

158; Monroe County, 161; Mercer County, 161; Meigs County, 178; Scioto

County, 196; Delaware County, 194; Butler County, 206; Williams

County, 206.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 255

Resolutions Concerning:

Incorporation of churches, religious societies, towns, literary socie-

ties, library associations, etc., 250; report of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum,

251; report of the Asylum for the Blind, 252; an oculist for the Asylum

for the Blind, 253; clothing for certain blind, and deaf and dumb stu-

dents, 256; trustees, Neville Institute, 256; trustees, Deaf and Dumb

Asylum, 258; documents for library associations, 260; apparatus, etc., for

the Blind Asylum, 270; trustees, Institution of the Blind, 270; trustees,

Ohio Medical College, 271; trustees, Ohio University, 273.

VOLUME XLIII.

General.

An act to prevent the firing of cannons upon public streets and high-

ways (fines for the use of schools), 17; fixing the minimum price for

school lands, 58; regulating the State Library, 58; regulating literary

and other societies, 70; (amendatory) for the support and better regula-

tion of Common Schools, etc., 98; making appropriations (various edu-

cational items), 129; (amendatory) for the support and better regulation

of Common Schools, 132.

Local.

Authorizing certain investments of a fund bequeathed by Mrs. Eunice

Buckingham for the purposes of Female Education, 42; to regulate the

fur trade, etc., (fines for the use of schools), 140; for the relief of Johna-

than D. Schultz, 255.

To regulate Common Schools in the Township of Portland, Erie

County, 285; for the relief of creditors of the Granville Alexandrian

Society, 311; for the relief of School District No. 10 in Sugar Creek,

Greene County, 334; for the relief of the township of Hocking, Fairfield

County, 353; to divide the town of Hudson, Summit County, into two

school districts, 368; authorizing the trustees of Cincinnati College to

borrow money to erect college buildings, 376; authorizing the towns of

Painesville and Norwalk to levy a tax for the benefit of Common Schools

therein, 379; authorizing the City of Cincinnati to erect a house of cor-

rection, 393; to attach certain territory to the City of Columbus for

school purposes, 404; supplementary to an act increasing the number of

trustees and visitors of Common Schools, Cincinnati, 413.

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

(Amendatory) Marietta College, 4; Tallmadge Academical Institute,

Summit County, 12; Calvinistic Book Concern, 15; Bedford Seminary,

Cuyahoga County, 16; College of Dental Surgery, Cincinnati, 32, Cin-

cinnati Classical Academy, 39; (amendatory) Granville Literary and

Theological Institution, 54; Ohio Baptist Book and Tract Society, 56;

256 Ohio Arch

256 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

The Young Men's Book Association, West Canaan, Mason County, 61;

General Library Association, Cincinnati, 62; Trustees of the Columbus

Academical and Collegiate Institute, 65; New Carlisle Social Library

Company, Clark County, and the Library Association of Harlem, 68;

Tallmadge Library Association, Summit County, 70; Aurora Academical

Institute, Portage County, 75; Fort Meigs University, 80; Ohio Baptist

Educational Society, 86; Cooper Female Academy in Dayton, 87; Akron

Institute, 89; New Orphans' Asylum of Colored Children of Cincinnati,

101; Rocky River Seminary, 121; Hunterian Society of the Medical De-

partment of Western Reserve College, 130; (amendatory) the Summit

College Medical Society, 141; Findlay Academical Institute, Hancock

County, 203; Putnam Union Sunday School, Muskingum County, 205;

(amendatory) North Union School Association of Carroll County, 213;

Vermillion Institute, 229; Miamisburg Library Association, 274; Cottage

Hill Academy in Trumbull County, 289; Normal High School, Carroll

County 292; The Seven Trustees of the Protestant University of the

United States, 345; trustees of the Medical Institute of Cincinnati, 357;

to incorporate certain literary societies, 361; Sec. 3. Newcomerstown

Literary Society, Tuscarawas County; Sec. 4. Farmers and Mechanics

Library Association, West Lodi, Seneca County; Sec. 7. Corwin Literary

Institute, Springborough, Warren County; Sec. 8. Middletown Academy

in Butler County; Sec. 9. German Catholic Library Association of Cin-

cinnati; Sec. 10. Donaldsville Library Association, Clark County; Sec.

11. Union Society of Oberlin Collegiate Institute, Lorain County; Sec.

12. Trustees and subscribers of the School Fund Society, Ross County;

Sec. 13. Hanover Social Library Association in Butler County; Sec. 14.

Erie County Antiquarian Society; Sec. 15. Lower Sandusky Phrenolog-

ical Mesmeric Institute, Sandusky County; Board of Directors of Wit-

tenberg College, 375; London Academy, Mason County, 384; Linton

Library Association in Washington County, 389; West Jefferson Academ-

ical Institute, Madison County, 409.

ACTS CONCERNING SELLING AND LEASING SCHOOL LANDS.

Putnam County, 9; Seneca County, 12; Mercer County, 18; Putnam

County, 22; Fairfield County and Licking County, 30; Meigs County,

38; Lucas County, 39; Lucas County, 41; Marion County, 48; Twelve

Mile Square Reserve, 56; Williams County, 92; Sandusky County, 115;

Washington County, 120; Allen County, 124; Sandusky County, 125;

Sandusky County, 126; Richland County and Knox County, 128;

Williams County, 140; Hamilton County, 143; Sandusky County,

146; Putnam County, 169; Lucas County, 170; Lucas County,

176; Perry, Morgan and Muskingum County, 205; Holmes County,

221; Stark County, 224; Fairfield and Licking Counties, 236; Dela-

ware County, 256; Athens County, 270; Holmes County, 325; Mon-

roe County, 343; Meigs County, 344; Marion County, 357; Monroe

Appendix B

Appendix B. 257

County, 364; Gallia County, 367; Fairfield County, 372; Belmont County,

397; Crawford County, 407.

Resolutions Concerning:

Ohio Historical and Philosophical Society, 432; a certain blind stu-

dent, 433; Government grants for aid of instruction of the deaf and

dumb and blind, 344; a certain blind student, 435; sending school laws to

Monroe County, 438; distributing court decisions to library institutions,

438; furnishing documents to the New York Historical Society, 441;

trustees, Miami University, 442; copies of school laws to Summit County,

443; religious and moral instructor for the Ohio Penitentiary, 446; for-

warding certain documents to Alexander Vattemare, Paris, France, 448;

and Dumb and Blind Asylums, 451; oculist for the Institution of the

Blind, 451; admission of teachers into state asylums and the state library,

463; trustee, Ohio Institution for Blind, 464; trustees, Asylum for the

Deaf and Dumb, 465.

VOLUME XLIV.

General.

An act more effectually to prevent gambling (fines for the use of

schools), 10; an act for the more effectual protection of enclosures, 76

(fines for the use of schools); an act in relation to religious, literary

and other incorporated societies, 79; an act authorizing school districts

to establish libraries for the use of Common Schools, 81; an act for

levying taxes on all property in this state, etc., 85; an act to amend such

acts in relation to the Asylums for the Deaf and Dumb and for the

Blind, 111; (amendatory) for the support and better regulation of Com-

mon Schools, 114; an act making appropriations (various educational

items), 130.

Local.

For the relief of School District 5, Eaton Township, Lorain County,

and School District 5, Caesar's Creek Township, Greene County, 3; an

act for the relief of John N. Nichols and Wesley Johnson, Muskingum

County, 29; authorizing the town of Putnam, Muskingum County, to

divide School District No. 1, in said town, 33; authorizing the city council

of Cleveland to levy an additional tax for Common School purposes, 55;

(amendatory) an act dividing the town of Lancaster into school dis-

tricts, 89; authorizing Findlay Township, Hancock County, to divide

District No. 1, 108; authorizing the directors of School District No. 1,

Napoleon Township, Henry County, to exchange certain lots, 121; author-

izing the president of Chillicothe Academy to convey certain property,

123; an act for the relief of the sureties of Hamilton Robb, 200; author-

izing the trustees of the several townships in Mercer County to select a

section of land for school purposes in lieu of Section 16, 226; for the

Vol. XXVII - 17.

258 Ohio Arch

258 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

relief of School District No. 4, in Bath Township, Greene County, 238;

an act for the relief of School District 14, Fairfield County, 268.

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Baldwin College, Middleburg, Cuyahoga County, 4; (amendatory)

Vermillion Institute at Hayesville, Ohio, 65; Loudonville Academy, Rich-

land County, 207; Norwalk Institute, 122; (amendatory) Cincinnati Col-

lege, 157; Madison Educational Society, Lake County, 161; Farmers'

College of Hamilton County, 165; trustees of the Wesleyan Female Col-

lege of Cincinnati, 171; the Liverpool Seminary, Columbiana County, 236.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SELLING AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Crawford County, 7; Columbiana County, 13; Fairfield County, 25;

Jefferson County, 35; Lucas County, 77; Gallia County, 78; Jefferson

County, 80; Seneca County, 92; Connecticut Western Reserve School

Land, Seneca County, 123; Butler County, 126; Meigs County, 166; Mon-

roe County, 244; Hamilton County, 244; Scioto County, 253.

TOWN AND CITY ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

(Amendatory) City of Cincinnati, 7; an act for the better classi-

fication of Schools of Cincinnati and Dayton, and for other purposes, 91;

(amendatory) City of Toledo, 208; an act to regulate Common Schools

in Maumee City, in the County of Lucas, and Elyria, in the County of

Lorain, 261.

Resolutions Concerning:

Trustees, Charity School of Kendall, 293; copies of the school law

for Washington County, 293; McIntire School Fund, 294; Reports of

the Institution for the Blind, 295; reports for the Institution for the

Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 296; printing report of the Deaf and Dumb

Asylum, 296; the title to certain school lands, 298; copies of the school

laws to Lorain County, 299; trustee, Miami University, 302; copies of

the school law, 315; trustees, Ohio University, 317; trustees, Institution

for the Deaf and Dumb, 324; trustees, Institution for the Blind, 325.

VOL. XLV.

General.

Amending the act to extend the time of payment to purchasers of

school lands, etc., 21; repealing the act providing for the inspection of

salt, etc., 22; amending the act for the support and better regulation of

Common Schools, etc., 26; an act regulating the sale of intoxicating

liquors, 39 (fines for schools); an act making appropriations (various

educational items), 56; an act to amend the act for levying taxes on

all property, etc., 60; an act to incorporate teachers' institutes, 67; an

Appendix B

Appendix B. 259

act to provide for the appointment of county superintendents of Com-

mon Schools, and defining their duties in certain counties therein named,

32.

Local.

Authorizing the sale of certain lots in the town of Jefferson, Fair-

field County, and the application of the proceeds to the erection of a

school-house, 73; authorizing the president and trustees of Miami Uni-

versity to relinquish certain rents, 85; (amendatory) authorizing the city

council of Cincinnati to erect a house of correction, 112; an act to pre-

vent Intemperance in Medina, Huron -and Erie Counties, 131; for the

relief of school district No. 2, German Township, Harrison County, and

School District No. 10, Washington Township, Clermont County, 139;

an act to quiet the title of certain lands in Paulding County, 149; an act

to enable the town of Bellville to convey a lot of land, 166; an act to

provide for the funding of debts for the Ohio University, 176.

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

(Amendatory) Willoughby University of Lake Erie, 7; authorizing

the establishment of professorships in the Farmers' College, Hamilton

County, 67; (amendatory) Baldwin Institute, 89; Mansfield Academical

Institute, and amending the act to incorporate the Ohio Mechanics' In-

stitute, 99; Marietta Female College, 140.

ACTS CONCERNING SELLING AND LEASING SCHOOL LANDS.

Wyandot County, 4; Belmont County, 5; Belmont County, 8; Stark

County, 10; Washington County, 14; Carroll County, 53; Gallia County,

54; Fairfield County, 54; Van Wert County, 56; Williams County, 71;

Richland County, 103; Seneca and Wyandot Counties, 104; Greene

County, 116; Meigs County, 121; Hamilton County, 158; Seneca County,

167; Perry County, 173; Morgan County, 174; Delaware County, 174;

Stark County, 191; Defiance County, 192.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

An act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools

in School District No. 21 in Urbana County, 21; (amendatory) City of

Cleveland, Section 1, 135; Town of Marion, Marion County, Section 9;

161. For the support and better regulation of Common Schools in the

town of Akron, 187; authorizing the city council of Cincinnati to levy

taxes for school purposes, 193.

Resolutions Concerning:

Reports of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 196; Institution for the

Blind, 199; the collection of natural curiosities for the State Library,

260 Ohio Arch

260 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

200; forwarding school laws to Sandusky County, 201; trustees Charity

School of Kendall, 204; report of the Superintendent of Common

Schools, 207; furnishing the Superintendents of the Asylums with copies

of the revised laws, 208; trustees, Medical College of Ohio, 208; trustee,

Ohio University, 211; trustee, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and Blind Asy-

lum, 233; employment of James Russell by Smithsonian Institute, 224.

VOL. XLVI.

General.

An act to secure the returns of the statistics of Common Schools,

28; an act amending the act granting licenses to peddlers, etc. (fines for

Common Schools), 36; an act to enable the inhabitants of the Connec-

ticut Reserve to give their consent to the sale of their school lands, 38;

an act to provide for extending the provisions of an act entitled "an

act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools in the

town of Akron," and the amendatory acts thereto, to the cities and in-

corporated towns of this state, 48; an act to amend the 18th Section of

the School Law of March 7, 1838, 51; an act further to amend the act

for levying taxes, 69; an act to provide for the education of black and

mulatto persons and to amend the act entitled, "an act for the support

and better regulation of Common Schools, etc.," 81; an act to amend

the act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools, etc.,

83; an act to amend the act to encourage teachers' institutes and to ex-

tend the provisions of the acts providing for teachers' institutes and

county superintendents in the several counties of this state, 86; an act

making appropriations (various educational items), 103.

Local.

An act to levy a tax on the Town of Lancaster, 5; authorizing the

president and town council of Portsmouth to levy a tax for school and

other purposes, 37; an act to provide for the erection of school-houses

in Springfield, Clark County, 85; an act for the relief of School District

No. 1, Piqua County and District No. 4, Ashland County, 139; author-

izing the directors of School District No. 3, Moorefield Township, Har-

rison County, to sell a school lot, 150; authorizing the directors of School

District No. 6, Jefferson Township, Madison County, to sell a certain

school lot, 157; authorizing the directors of School District No. 2, Gratis

Township, Preble County, to sell a school lot, 176; authorizing the

directors of School District No. 3, Montgomery Township, Ashland

County, to sell the school-house and lot, 190; an act to incorporate

School District No. 1 in Perry Township, Stark County, 223; amending

an act to dispose of two escheated lots in Mansfield, Richland County,

232; an act for the support and better regulation of Common Schools in

the Lebanon District in Warren County, 237; to regulate the sale of in-

toxicating liquors in the town of Chagrin Falls, 269.

Appendix B

Appendix B. 261

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

SOCIETIES.

Changing the name of the Richland Classical Institute of Jefferson

County, 7; the R. M. Bradley Commercial College, Cincinnati, 12; Board

of Directors of Muhlenberg College in Jefferson, Harrison County, 19;

the Gundry-Bacon Cincinnati Mercantile College, 21; Starling Medical

College in Columbus, 31; (amendatory) Cincinnati Classical Academy, 46,

the Medical and Surgical Society of the County of Ashland, 76; (amend-

atory) Miami University, 88; (amendatory) to enable the Knoxville

School Company to close its concerns, 107; Xenia Academy, 114; Rich-

land Academical Institute, Logan County, 126; The Felicity Female Semi-

nary, Clermont County, 135; Cleveland Library Association, 149; Me-

dina College, 188; Newton College, Hamilton County, 211; Edinburgh

College, 220; The Western Art Union, 228; The State Medical Society

of Ohio, 231.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Greene County and Piqua County, 8; Wyandot County, 24; Wyandot

County, 27; Muskingum County, 33; Scioto County, 35; Meigs County,47;

Allen County, 43; Paulding County, 48; Mercer County, 49; Montgomery

County, 80; Williams County, 85; Richland County, 91; Montgomery

County, 91; Seneca County, 91; Seneca County, 92; Crawford and Wyan-

dot County, 92; Sandusky County, 102; Muskingum County, 134; Morgan

County, 137; Stark County, 139; Shelby County, 140; Montgomery

County, 141; Defiance County, 144; Ashland County, 145; Ottawa County;

162; Carroll County, 188; Paulding County, 207; Lucas County, 219;

Hamilton County, 241; Paulding County, 265.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

(Amendatory) An act for the support and better regulation of

Common Schools in the town of Akron, 46; (repealing) an act for the

support and better regulation of Common Schools in School District

No. 1, Ravenna, 51; (amendatory) an act for the support and better reg-

ulation of Common Schools in Zanesville, 54; for the better regulation

and support of schools in the City of Cleveland, 150; for the support and

better regulation of Common Schools in the town of Lithopolis, Fair-

field County, 185; for the support and better regulation of Common

Schools in Lancaster, 191; (amendatory) an act for the support and

better regulation of Common Schools in the City of Columbus, 259.

Resolutions Concerning:

Virginia Military District School Lands, 282; report on medical

societies and colleges, 286; report of the Superintendent of Schools, 286;

trustees, Ohio University, 288; trustees, Miami University, 291; directing

262 Ohio Arch

262 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

the printing of the Akron Law for Common Schools with the General

Laws, 293; report of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 296; cor-

recting an error in the school funds in Troy and Sylvian Townships,

Ashland County, 296; appointing a director of the Blind Asylum, 303;

trustees, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 307; furnishing Wyandot County

with School Laws, 309; asking the Governor to examine and report upon

the Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylums, 317.

VOL. XLVII.

General.

An act to authorize the establishment of separate schools for the

education of colored children, and for other purposes, 17; amending an

act to incorporate teachers' institutes, 19; an act for the better regu-

lation of the public schools in cities, towns, etc., 22; (amendatory) an act

for the support, etc., of Common Schools, 39; (amendatory) an act for

the support, etc., of Common Schools, 43; (amendatory) an act for the

support and better regulation of Common Schools in the Town of Akron,

45; an act making appropriations (various educational items) 45;

(amendatory) an act for the support, etc., of Common Schools, 52.

Local.

An act in relation to taxes, schools and sewers in the City of To-

ledo, 205; (amendatory) for the support and better regulation of Com-

mon Schools in Columbus, 230; (repealing) the provisions of the Akron

Act for the town of New Lebanon, Columbiana County, 253; to amend

the charter of the City of Ohio, 278; an act to regulate a certain school

district in Orrville Township, Ashtabula County, 224; an act for the

support and better regulation of Common Schools in District No. 4,

Washington Township, Preble County, 224; to organize School District

No. 7, River Township, Clinton County, 229; to divide the town of St.

Clairsville, Belmont County, into two school districts, 240; granting to

the trustees, etc., of Greenfield Seminary authority to confer degrees

and testimonials, 240; authorizing the directors of School District No.

13, Jefferson Township, Fayette County, to sell a school lot, 246; author-

izing the trustees of Coal Township, Knox County, to redistrict said

township, 250; authorizing the county Auditor of Holmes County to

levy an additional tax on a school district for school-house purposes,

252; amending an act to repeal the act for the support, etc., of Common

Schools in School District No. 1, Ravenna Township, 253; an act for

the relief of John D. Burrell, 342.

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Mt. Washington Institute, Hamilton County, 236; the Oxford Fe-

male Institute in Oxford, Butler County, 238;; Miller Academy, 241;

Pomeroy Academy, 243; Ohio Institute of Natural Sciences, 256; Otter-

Appendix B

Appendix B. 263

bein University of Ohio, 257; Judson College, Jefferson, Harrison County,

259; Farmington College, Trumbull County, 261; Springfield Female

Seminary, Clark County, 263; Cincinnati Medical Institute, 264; Colum-

bus Art Union, 267; (amendatory) Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincin-

nati, 268; the Ohio Educational Society of the Evangelical Lutheran

Church, 268; The Cadiz High School, 273; Darke County Medical School,

275; Mansfield Female Seminary, Richland County, 280; Mt. Pleasant

Academy, Kingstown, Ross County, and in relation to Hillsborough

Academy, 284.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF LANDS.

Wood County, 223; Seneca County, 228; Hardin County, 229; An

act to provide for the sale of the Western Reserve School Lands, 232;

Hancock County, 233; Wyandot County, 234; Champaign County, 234;

Preble County, 235; Wyandot County, 235; Wyandot County, 237; Har-

rison County, 237; Gallia County, 238; Jefferson County, 240; Williams

County, 242; Morrow County, 242; Seneca County, 242; Lucas County,

243; Seneca County, 244; Clark County, 245; Wood County, 245; Wood

County, 245; Township 3, Range 3, E. of the Meridian drawn

from the mouth of the Miami River, 247; Miami County, 247;

Paulding County, 248; Hardin County, 248; Lawrence County, 249;

Wyandot County, 249; Muskingum County, 250; Monroe County, 251;

Warren County, 251; Stark County, 251; Meigs County, 252; Lucas

County, 254; Athens County, 255; Jefferson County, 255; Lucas County,

340; Champaign County, 341.

Resolutions Concerning:

Trustee, Miami University, 384; trustees, Ohio University, 386;

trustee, Ohio University, 388; agent, Western Reserve School Lands, 388;

asking Governor to examine and report on the Deaf and Dumb and

Blind Asylums, 393; appointing a committee to examine and report on

Miami University, 398.

VOL. XLVIII.

General.

An act to amend the act for the support and better regulation of

Common Schools in cities, towns, etc., 40; an act in relation to School

District taxes, providing for the annual school district meetings, and

requiring maps of school districts, 41; an act for the appointment of a

State Board of Public Instruction, 44; an act supplementary to the act

for the appointment of a State Board of Public Instruction, 47; an act

to carry into effect an act entitled, "An act to provide for the sale of

the Western Reserve School Lands", 53; an act to exempt certain stu-

dents from laboring on public roads, 69; an act making appropriations

for 1850 (various educational items), 93.

264 Ohio Arch

264 Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

Local.

To incorporate School District No. 9 in Liverpool and St. Clair

Townships, Columbiana County, 641; to incorporate School District No.

11, in the Townships of Springfield and Beaver, Mahoning County,

642; to authorize the directors of School District No. 4, Delhi Town-

ship, Hamilton County, to appropriate certain funds for building pur-

poses, 648; extending the provisions of the act for the. better regulation

of public schools in cities, towns, etc., to Union School District No. 7,

Springfield and Suffield Townships, Summit and Portage Counties, 648;

authorizing the trustees of Monroe Township, Knox County, to re-

district said township, 668; an act amending and reviving the act to cre-

ate permanently the office of Treasurer, Township No. 1, Range 1, White-

water Township, Hamilton County, 663; an act to amend the act to

create permanently the office of Treasurer, Township No. 1, Range 1,

Hamilton County, and to give additional powers to the trustees of

School Section No. 16, Greene Township, Hamilton County, 670.

ACTS CONCERNING THE INCORPORATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY

INSTITUTIONS.

Elliott Female Seminary of Monroe County, 614; Vinton High

School, Gallia County, 617; Miller Academy, Washington, Guernsey

County, 618; Capital University, 619; Cambridge College, 621; Geneva

Hall, Winfield, Logan County, 672; Urbana University, 624; (amenda-

tory) The Charity School of Kendall, 625; Defiance Female Seminary,

Defiance County, 625; Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, Portage County,

627; Western College of Homeopathic Medicine, 629; Tiffin Academy,

Seneca County, 635; (amendatory) Oberlin Collegiate Institute, 632;

Young Men's Catholic Association of Cincinnati, 632; Cincinnati College

of Pharmacy, 632; Western Library Institute, 635; Xenia Female Acad-

emy, 636; Hartford High School, 638; Soeurs De Notre Dame Female

Educational Institute of Chillicothe, Ross County, 639; Mt. Pleasant

Philomathean, Kingston, Ross County, 640; Warren Library Associa-

tion, 640.

ACTS CONCERNING THE SALE AND LEASING OF SCHOOL LANDS.

Belmont County, 649; Ohio Company's Purchase, 650.

CITY AND TOWN ACTS CONCERNING SCHOOLS.

(Amendatory) An act to incorporate the town of Fulton (Sec-

tions 10 and 11), 373; an act to incorporate the town of Fremont, San-

dusky County (Section 5), 404; an act to incorporate the city of Piqua

(Sections 25 to 30), 421; an act to incorporate the City of Springfield

Sections 29 to 32), 446; an act to incorporate the City of Zanesville,

Muskingum County (Sections 26 to 38), 473; (amendatory) for the sup-

Appendix B

Appendix B. 265

port and better regulation of Common Schools in the town of Lancas-

ter, 647; (repealing) the provisions of the act for the better regulation

of schools in cities, towns, etc., for the town of Hanover, Columbiana

County, 648; amending an act for the support and better regulation of

Common Schools in the town of Akron, 650; authorizing the citizens

of Wooster to vote for or against adopting the Akron Act, 651; ex-

empting the town of Mt. Vernon from the provisions of the Akron

School Law, 662; authorizing the appointment of a Superintendent of

Common Schools in the City of Cincinnati, and for other purposes, 662;

extending the powers of the Board of Education of the town of Put-

nam, Muskingum County, 667; authorizing the Board of Education in

the town of Cambridge, Guernsey County, to levy a school building tax,

695.

Resolutions Concerning:

Certain school lands in Lucas and Williams Counties, 728; appoint-

ing a committee to examine and report on the school system of this

state, 728; trustees, Charity School of Kendall, 729; trustees, Miami

University, 729; trustees, Neville Institute, 730; trustees, Medical College

of Ohio, 730; two deaf and dumb students, 742; a certain blind student,

742; forwarding school laws to Greene County, 743; forwarding school

laws to Ashland County, 746.

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