OHJ Archive

A Surgeon's Mate at Fort Defiance:

The Journal of Joseph Gardner Andrews

For the Year 1795--III

Edited by RICHARD C. KNOPF*

This is the third and last installment of the Andrews journal. The

ague, which Andrews noted on August 21 had "commenced among

the soldiery of the Garrison," now in September attacks in force. By

October 1 two-thirds of the ninety-four persons on the post, including

Andrews, are affected with it. Then it withdraws, though on October

29 twenty-three are still on the sick list and on November 5, eighteen.

By December 1 the siege is over, but it leaves two "convalescent"

and seven suffering from "debilitas."

Although he is busy with his patients and frequently doctoring

himself, Andrews' journal does not suffer. A Shawnee chief deposits

with him his prized possessions before going on his winter hunting,

and Andrews remarks that Indian friendship can be very trouble-

some. "The first American Mercht. that has passed since our resi-

dence at this post" stops on his way to Detroit. A corporal arrives

from Greene Ville in search of his wife, and finding her at the fort

in the keeping of a sergeant, loads "him with thanks for his atten-

tion to her." "A private lately enlisted" deserts, and Nekskorwetor,

"that faithful Shawanoe," returns the next day with his scalp, re-

ceiving, besides a twenty-dollar gratuity, "many compliments from

the officers." Ensign Frothingham, "after a tedious illness," dies

"without a pang," and Andrews writes a case history and performs

an autopsy, concluding with the observation that the ensign was

"temperate to a criminal excess." The Christmas season is celebrated

with cannon, food, and liquor, and the year and the journal end

with fifteen rounds of artillery and a "Farewell 1795."

* The first and second installments of the Andrews journal appeared in the two

preceding issues of the Quarterly, pages 57-86 and 159-186.

240 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

DIURNAL OCCURRENCES AT & NEAR FORT DEFIANCE FOR THE

MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1795. SEPTEMBER, 1795. -- 30 DAYS.

1. A man, by the name of Griffith, of Ens. Frothingham's detach-

ment, deserted from this post. The Officers of the Garrison

(except Maj. Cushing) & Mr. McDougall dined with us on

roasted pig. Two British deserters arrived from below.

2. Dismissed Barney McCarney from my service for repeated in-

ebriety--adopted John McGraw of the 3d SL in his stead.

3. Dined at home free from Company--a luxury we often pant

for, but seldom enjoy.

4. Delivered Mr McDougall 12 Dollars in specie to take to Fort

Wayne & have them manufactured into Table & tea spoons.

wrote to Doct Elliot. This Evening at the request of Barney

McCarney, my late waiter, I gave him chocolate & sugar suffic-

ient to supply him to Greeneville, whither he is bound, as his

time of service will expire on the 11th Current.

5. Mr. McDougall, on horse-back & a Corpl. with a small party

& the two British Deserters, in boats, departed for Fort Wayne.

6. Mr. McPherson & a Tuscarora Indian arrived with white pris-

oners of each sex--Mr. McP. appears desirous to balance the

mischief he has committed during the Indian War--but am

afraid that 1000 good will not obliterate his enormities.

7. Let the French Baker have 6 1/2 lbs beef, for wch I am to receive

an equal quantity of bread. Major Cushing is laid up with the

ague & fever--gave him an emetic wch operated extremely well.

The Officers & Gent. of the Garrison, excepting Major C.,

dined with our Mess on Calf's head & this Country salt fish--

nothing but whiskey to drink--wrote to Lieut Lee.

8. Mr. McPherson & the Tuscorora Indian departed for Detroit,

& the white prisoners, save one, for Greeneville, via Fort Wayne.

Signed as the 2d witness to what I considered Ens. Peter Froth-

ingham's will. I was led to suspect it from his requiring 3 wit-

nesses--Messrs. Pope & Strother were the other two. Two boats

arrived, laden with apples, &c. bought one hundred apples

@ 8/Y.C. Major Hunt recd. a Letter from Mr. Kinsey, in wch

'tis observed that the French & other people who have attended

the treaty say many things disadvantageous to the United

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 241

States--That the Indians on being interrogated by the British

Indn. Dept. respecting their treaty with the Americans, look very

foolish & act equally awkward, & assert they were compelled

by Genl. Wayne to sign the Articles. This conduct of the Indns.

& other circumstances, Mr. K remarks, leads him to suspect

that there is still some danger in traversing the woods. The

French man (bearer of the letter) had two kegs of spirits taken

from him by the Tawas, about six miles westward of the British

post, at the foot of the rapids--Major Cushing made very

liberal use of the C. peru.⁸⁹& had no ague, but a pretty violent

fever.

9. Two boats, laden with flour, arrived from Fort Wayne--recd.

a letter from Dr. Elliot--Am informed that my friend Lee has

procured a furlough for home--Majr. Cushing, tho' free from

the ague is much oppressed by some Muskmelon & other vege-

tables imprudently taken at & after dinner--Commenced a

letter to Doct Elliot, but having been sent for by Majr. C.,

whose situation demanded my attention till 11 oClock at night,

I was obliged to let pass the opportunity.

10. The men who came in the boats from Fort Wayne, departed

for that place this morning. Let the Baker have 114 & 1/2 lbs

flour, for wch, our mess is to receive 143 Ibs & 2 oz. bread--

McGraw, my waiter, having the ague & fever, & the service of

a waiter being indispensably necessary, I procured Mason of the

3d. S.L. to supply his place. Ens. Strother seized with the Inter-

mitting fever--administered an emetic at the accession of the

hot fit. Majr. C., by dint of the diffusible stimuli,⁹⁰is perfectly

recovered. 15 are now sick at this place with the Intermittent

fever & not a particle of Hospital Stores, nor more than

1/4 lb of C. peru. on hand--Some mismanagement in some

quarter.

11. Major Hunt seized with the Intt. fever--administered an emetic.

Plyed Mr. Strother with bark, &c.--he has no ague & but a very

trifling fever.

12. Majr. Hunt having an aversion to the C. peru. administered

89 Cinchona Peruviana, a cinchona bark.

90 Coxe's Philadelphia Medical Dictionary (Philadelphia, 1808) gives as diffusible

stimulants "aether, electricity, ammonia, &c."

242 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

wine, &c pretty copiously in the intermission--he had consider-

able fever. Mr. Strother perfectly recovered.

13. Received information, by the Indian, who accompanied Mc-

Dougall to Fort Wayne, that Mr. McD., being on horseback,

left him & rode on towards this place, being then about 1/2 way

between the two forts--from McD's not yet having arrived,

we are somewhat apprehensive he has missed the road. Adminis-

tered a purge of Calomel & Rhaei⁹l to Majr. Hunt--it operates

lightly--no fever. Nekskorwetor presented me, for the use of

our Mess, a turkey & 8 squirrels--invited him to participate

of them tomorrow.

14. Majr. Hunt had the ague & fever from 10 oClock am until

about 3 pm. The Officers & Gent. of the Garrison dine with me.

Mr. McDougall arrived about 4 oClock pm & accounts for his

late arrival by observing that after having waited in vain for

the Indn. to overtake him, he followed the course of the river

(wch doubles the distance) for fear of missing the way--that

his horse flagged & that he was obliged to leave him at the

Delaware Camp (about 12 miles from this) & take a Canoe--

that he had eat nothing for 3 days. he was very unwell. Recd. a

letter from Doct. Elliot, in wch he acknowledges to have re-

ceived of Mr McDougall 12 Dolls to be manufactured into

spoons for me & engages to have them made as soon as possible

--The Doct. mentions that on ye. 11th. inst. the sick report of

Fort Wayne contained 75 sick--none dangerous.

15. Twenty one sick at this place with the Intt. fever; there being

but very little C. peru. & no whiskey or other spirits in the

Garrison, am necessitated to have recourse to the Dog-wood

bark in simple decoction.

16. Was afflicted with a most violent fit of the ague & fever.

17. Having an idea that I should be well enough to participate of

a roasted pig, we had one dressed; but I, being attacked with

a violent fever just before Dinner, was unable to enjoy it. Recd.

a Letter from Lieut. Lee.

18. Mr. Melvin,⁹² a young Gentleman in Mr. McDougall's employ

91 Medicinal rhubarb.

92 James Melvin, a clerk of George McDougall.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 243

arrived from Detroit on business with Mr. McD. He appears to

be a very genteel young fellow.

19. Mr. Melvin dined & supped with us.

20. A Mr. Bondy departed for Detroit.93 Mr. B. having promised

me 100 apples last Evening & not being able to fulfil his engage-

ment, declared he would present me with 200 on his return

to this place. A Mr. Stephenson of Kentucky, who passed

this place some time since in pursuit of his sister, (who has

been for several months kept by the late Capt Monsee of the

British service) arrived from Detroit with her--Blue Jacket

likewise arrived this day.

21. Blue Jacket dined with us. We had a frost last night for the

first time this season. Mr. Melvin for Detroit, & the Garrison

Interpreter on a visit to his father at the river Raisin, departed

about sunset. The weather has been so cold for 5 days past

that we have not been without fires in our rooms for that space

of time.

22. The Officers of the Garrison finding a total deficiency of Hos-

pital Stores & commiserating the situation of the sick, amount-

ing to 36, for want thereof, procured 8 gallons of spirits for

the Hospital Department & became responsible to Mr. Mc-

Dougall for the payment of the same, provided he could not

recover it of the public. Corpl. Wycoff seized with the remittent

fever & a sudden privation of strength & speech, also a subsultus

tendinum⁹⁴accompanying--applied a blister on each wrist &

one on his back & administered camphorated julep--finding

however that his blisters would take no hold, had recourse to

the semicupium,⁹⁵wch produced a fine perspiration & occa-

sioned the blisters to take effect in less than an hour--recovered

his speech & much abated the subsultus tendinum.

23. Mr. McDougall recd. intelligence that about 40 Putawatomes

from Washthenoc danced the war dance at parson Burke's⁹⁶at

93 Possibly Joseph Bondy, a Detroit trader.

94 A twitching movement of the tendons, particularly of the wrist.

95 A warm bath in which the patient was immersed up to his waist.

96 Rev. Edmund Burke, who had been sent to Detroit as vicar general and superior

of Catholic missions in Upper Canada in 1794. He seems to have been especially

interested in turning the Indians against the Americans.

244 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

the river Raison & it was of course imagined that they intended

shortly to commence depredations on the Americans. Mr. Mc-

Dougall began to draw timber for his buildings.

24. Mr. Strother, with a small party departed, in a boat for Fort

Wayne for supplies; but having met Lieut Campbell⁹⁷with

boats laden with provisions, he lightened their boats & returned

with him. Mearnemsecoh arrived from Swan Creek.

25. Had the ague & fever--Mr Campbell dined with our Mess.

Corpl. Wycoff died.

26. Mr. McNiff arrived in a Canoe from Fort Wayne; recd. a letter

from Doct. Elliot, accompanied with a Keg of wine & 30 lbs

brown sugar for the use of the sick at this place. Mr. McNiff

applied to me for the value of the Canoe, in wch I descended

the river, & wch I borrowed of Askwith & himself; but having

convinced him in presence of Mr Campbell that I had fulfilled

my engagemts, with respect to it, he was clearly of opinion

that I was by no means accountable for the said boat. Recd. from

Detroit a Keg of wine forwarded by Mr. Laselle to our mess,

agreeably to a memo. delivered him some time since; But it is

miserable stuff to be sure.

27. Recd. a Keg of Apples forwarded by Mr. Laselle as a compli-

ment to our mess; but it will illy compensate for the bad quality

of the wine.

28. Mr. McNiff departed for Detroit, after being detained yesterday

by a soldier taking his Canoe by mistake & ascending the

Miamis several miles.

29. Had the ague & fever excessively severe.

30. The Intermittents at this place are extraordinarily rapid in de-

priving the patients of strength.

97 Joseph Campbell, of Pennsylvania, 2d Sub Legion.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 245

MET. OBS. NOTED AT FORT DEFIANCE FOR THE

MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 1795.

Dates Variations of the weather Winds.

1. Fair & pleasant - Cloudy - thunder - rain SW

2. Fair - Cloudy - rain - fair Ditto

3. Fair & pleasant WNW

4. Fair & pleasant Ditto

5. Fair & pleasant S.E.

6. Fair & pleasant Ditto

7. Fair - cloudy - small shower - fair - rain at night Ditto

8. Fair - cloudy - cool NW

9. Cloudy - Fair SSW

10. Fair & pleasant - thunder - Cloudy WSW

11. Cloudy - fair - Cloudy East

12. Cloudy - rain - thunder SW

13. Cloudy - dull - fair - warm - pleasant SSW-South

14. Fair & pleasant - overcast - shower - thunder SSW

15. Fair & cloudy alternately West

16. Cloudy - rain SSW

17. Steady rain WSW

18. Cloudy - cool - fair SSE

19. Fair - cool & windy - cloudy - rain Ditto

20. Rain - cool & windy - fair & rain alternately NE

21. Fair - cool Ditto

22. Fair - cool Ditto

23. Fair - cool NNW

24. Fair & pleasant WNW

25. Fair & pleasant South

26. Cloudy - rain P.M. & chief of the night SW

27. Cloudy & fair alternately WSW

28. Fair - Cloudy - rain SW

29. Cloudy - foggy morning - fair WSW

30. Foggy morning - fair NW.

N.B. almost every morng foggy.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 247

DIURNAL OCCURRENCES AT & NEAR FORT DEFIANCE FOR THE

MONTH OF OCTOBER, 1795. OCTOBER, 1795 - 31 DAYS.

1. Had the Ague & fever pretty severely for a few hours.

2. The Garrison Interpreter & several frenchmen with 5 horses

belonging to McDougall arrived--Some onions, potatoes &

barley, with wch the horses were laden, Mr. McD. presented

to our Mess.

3. Had the Ague & fever violently--there are 55 sick at this place,

including officers. Information has lately been recd. that there

are upwards of 500 sick at Greeneville with Intermittents &

Remittents; & that at the British post at the foot of the rapids

they are unable to mount a single Centinel from the same

Causes. Am so unwell this day with the ague & fever am unable

to attend the sick.

4. Dined at home on Calve's head & roasted veal--Mr Le Fond,⁹⁹

engaged to Mr. McDougall dined with us.

5. Had the Ague lightly, but the fever pretty severely. Delivered

Mr. Vermette¹⁰⁰four empty case bottles & an umbrella, (bor-

rowed of Mr. Robert Abbot the 29th last June) agreeably to an

order of Mr. A's in favor of the bearer for those articles.

6. Sent Mr. Commissary Wilson one pint of wine did to Price,

his waiter.

7. Totally escaped the ague & fever--flatter myself I shall be no

longer afflicted with that disorder. Lent Major Cushing a bottle

of wine did to Whitehead, his waiter: but it not being good

was returned.

8. The rivers very high. Recd. intelligence by an indian that Genl.

Wayne with a large body of men, a great number of Waggons

& Cattle was at Kettle's Town, (about 30 miles in advance

of Greeneville) for the purpose of building a block-house,

after wch, it was his intention to proceed to Sandusky to erect

a Garrison at that place.101

99 Antoine Lafond, another clerk of George McDougall.

100 Possibly Antoine Vermet.

101 On October 5 General Wayne had set out from Greene Ville to erect a post

and storehouse at Girty's Town, which stood at the head of navigation of the St.

Mary's River. It was one of several posts he built at this time in the same area (and

not at Sandusky) to improve the service of supply to the northern forts. The place

took its name from a trading post once operated there by James Girty. It was evidently

known also as Kettle's Town. See Andrews' entry of December 11.

248 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

9. 39 Sick exclusive of Officers & their waiters. Mr. Le fond dined

with us on roasted turkey.

10. Majors Cushing & Hunt took a ride a small distance for their

health--Mr. Campbell dined with us.

11. Lieut. Campbell breakfasted & dined with us, after wch, he

departed by water for Fort Wayne--presented him with half

a gallon of Spirits & a piece of pork for the voyage. Sent Letters

to Doct. Elliot of that place, Doct. Allison & Capt Britt of

Greeneville, wch last was in reply to a letter recd. this Morning.

Major Cushing came to a full ecclaircissement on our existing

difference & proposed that I should unconditionally renew my

former intimacy with him, to wch I cordially assented, as I

esteem him as a man of sense, of warmth in his friendship &

of inveteracy in his hatred--This reconciliation I conceive to

have been effected by the grateful sensation he experienced for

my unremitted attention to him during his illness, altho' at

the time I was extremely unwell myself.

12. Mr. Felix departed for Detroit--charged him with a memo. to

procure three pounds green tea @ 12/NY pr lb. 39 sick.

13 38 Sick--Our Mess dined at home.

14. Had the Ague & fever extremely severe.

15. Mr. Pope dined with our Mess.

16. Had the Ague & fever severely. Mr. Frothingham who for a

considerable time past has conceited he could not walk & that

he had no appetite, came & dined with our Mess on roasted

turkey, on wch he certainly did not discover a very dainty sto-

mach.

17. A reconciliation between Major Cushing & Lieut. Pope took

place in presence of Major Hunt, Capt. Gaines, Ens. Strother,

Mr. McDougall & myself, who were assembled at my room for

that purpose. The previous explanations appeared by no means

in favor of Mr. Pope. Prepared & delivered to Major Cushing

Letters for Doct. Allison & Capt Webb; also a memo. & an

order for my subsistence for the year 1794. Recd a quantity of

mustard as a present from Major Cushing.

18. Major Hunt recd from Mr Robert Abbot, of Detroit, a Keg of

peaches, wch thro' mismanagement in the packing were unfit

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 249

for use:And I received from the same person a lb of hyson tea

& an excellent Codfish, the latter was forwarded as a sample

of A Quintal102 he means to procure for me. Major Cushing

was dissappointed from starting for Greeneville, by an indian's

not arriving with a horse wch he had promised. Had the Ague

very severely.

19. Major Cushing & Madam pro tem. departed for Greeneville

under convoy of several indians. The Gentlemen of the Gar-

rison except Ens. Frothingham, dined with our Mess on Codfish,

& it certainly put me in mind of old times.

20. Several Indians, who arrived from below, inform that all those

of every tribe (with a few exceptions) who can furnish them-

selves with Canoes, intend ascending & settling near the heads

of the two rivers--The Gentlemen of the Garrison, excepting

Maj. Hunt, Ens. Frothingham & the Comissy, who were sick,

dined with Mr Pope's Mess. Had the Ague & fever before day

& it continued till near 11 oClock.

21. The Gentlemen of the Garrison dined with Capt. Gaines on

Codfish, where each guest displayed an appetite adequate to

the stimulus.

22. Escaped the Ague, but the fever continues an unwelcome com-

panion. Mearnemsecoh arrived with his family & several

other Indians with all their baggage, Utensils, &c. with an

intention of settling in the vicinity of this post. Came a boat

from Fort Wayne laden with flour. recd. a letter from Doct.

Elliot.

23. Mr. Pope departed by water for Fort Wayne to procure a further

supply of flour, 52 head of cattle having arrived the 22d.

inst.--sent a letter to Dr. Elliot. The Officers of the Garrison,

excepting Ens. Frothingham, dined with us on Turkey-soup,

baked & roasted racoons, a duck & pheasant--very decent fare in

this wooden Country--Tetebokshey informed us that Col.

McKee had so often importuned him, by message, to descend

to Detroit, that he had finally concluded to go & know what

he had to say; but that we need be under no apprehensions of

his firm adherence to the treaty.

¹⁰2 A hundredweight.

250 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

24. Amos Burroughs, of the 2d Sub Legion, died of the Remittent

fever: The extreme debility induced by the disorder operating

on a constitution in a state of great depravity, occasioned by

a long course of intemperence; added to the deficiency of proper

medicines & conveniences, proved insuperable obstacles to an

happy issue of a disease, naturally hazardous.

25. Capt. Gaines & Ensign Strother dined with us on whortle-

berry pudding & roasted turkey; was so very unwell myself

was obliged to confine myself to the former dish. Mearnemse-

coh, a Shawanoe Chf, deposited with me a bag of bullets &

a pr. of silver wrist-bands to preserve for him 'till his return

from his winter hunting--Indian friendship very troublesome.

26. Dined at home--supped & passed the Evening at Cards with

Capt. Gaines.

27. Mearnemsecoh deposited with me another pr. of silver wrist-

bands, a junk-bottle, a tongueless horse-bell, a quantity of wam-

pum, a blk [black] silk hkchf, & a blue coat; after wch, he

departed for his hunting ground.Capt. Gaines dined with us on

turkey-soup--extremely unwell, insomuch as to keep my bed

the whole day. Mr. Le fond, Mr McDougall's clerk, departed

for the river raisonne.

28. Lectured Ensign Frothingham on the impropriety & want of

politeness he discovered in having thro' impatience, employed

a squaw to cure him of the Ague, without having previously

notified me of his intention: He acknowledged that she had

left him in statu quo, asked my pardon & requested me once

more to attend him. pd. Mr. F. a bottle wine borrowed by

Maj. Hunt.

29. An old Frenchman arrived from below with a view of bettering

his fortune in the U. S.; he informs that a number of Canoes

are on their way to this place. 23 Sick I & R fevers.

30. Nekskorwetor arrived from below; informs that there are many

Indians on the river, bound for this post.

31. Pierre Menard (a private of the 3d S L) & another man, having

called at the bakehouse to endeavour to furnish themselves with

a boat to cross the river, (the baker gave informn. to a french-

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 251

man & the latter to one of the Centries) the latter was taken

& 4 men sent in pursuit of the former, who is a deserter. The

Corporal, Soldier & the two Indians who were dispatched in

pursuit of Pierre Menard, alias Montour, a Deserter from Capt

H. Lewis Company of the 3d Sub Legion, returned with the

fellow, who was sailing in a Canoe wch he had stolen from

some Indians a few miles below this place, with much deliber-

ation 'till he was hailed by the Corpl. nearly opposite Snakes-

town, about nine miles below this post, & ordered to surrender

himself, but he refusing, the Corpl. told [him] that if he did

not do it immediately he would shoot him; shoot & be d---

was the reply, on wch the Corpl snapped his piece, but could

not discharge it, when an Indian (Peter Raison, an Oneida)

raised his rifle & shot the deserter thro' the fleshy part of his

buttock, wch caused him to fall into the water; but on recovering

himself he attempted to load his rifle, when the Corpl. told

him if he did not give up immediately he would kill him; on

wch he surrendered & was bro't to the Garrison, to the joy

of every good soldier.

252 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

MET. OBS. NOTED AT FORT DEFIANCE FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1795.

Date Variations of the weather Winds.

1. Fair & pleasant - foggy morning East

2. Foggy morning - fair - cloudy - rain S.E.

3. Fair - Cloudy - rain - windy Ditto

4. Windy & rain all day Ditto

5. Cloudy - fair - cloudy - rain Ditto

6. Cloudy - fair - cloudy - rain WNW

7. Fair - cloudy - rain - fair - wind Ditto

8. Fair & pleasant NNW

9. Fair & pleasant WSW

10. Fair - cloudy - small shower Ditto

11. Fair - doudy - rain SW

12. Fair - cloudy - steady rain Ditto

13. Cloudy - steady rain Ditto

14. Rain pretty steadily WSW

15. Rain & wind all day SSW

16. Cloudy NNW

17. Snow - wind - rain - hail Ditto

18. Snow - fair & cold Ditto

19. Rain - Cloudy - fair Ditto

20. Fair & pleasant ENE

21. Fair & pleasant Ditto

22. Cloudy - rain - fair & cloudy alternately Ditto

23. Fair - cloudy - rain - fair & cloudy by turns NNW

24. Cloudy - fair - overcast - fair West

25. Fair & pleasant WNW

26. Fair & pleasant East

27. Fair & pleasant ESE

28. Fair & pleasant Ditto

29. Fair, pleasant & warm South

30. Fair & warm - cloudy - rain SSW

31. Fair - Cloudy - disagreeable SSE

254 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

DIURNAL OCCURRENCES AT & NEAR FORT DEFIANCE, FOR THE

MONTH OF NOVR. 1795. NOVEMBER, 1795 - 30 DAYS.

1. Major Hunt paid Peter Raisin ten Dollars for wounding &

apprehending a Deserter. passed the Eve with Capt Gaines.

2. Extremely unwell all day. 40 Shawanoes arrived from below;

one of them having found a Map of America & a speech of

Mr. Pickering to the Indians, (in 1792) gave them to the

Commanding Officer here.

3. Lieut. Pope arrived from Fort Wayne with a quantity of whis-

key; but was unable to procure any flour, they having been at

half allowance of that article for some time previous to his

arrival there. Mr. Abijah Hunt, Merchant of Cincinnati arrived

with Mr Pope with an intention of proceeding to Detroit on

business. Recd. Letters from Mr. Robert Abbot, Mercht. Detroit,

Doct Elliot & Lieut. Massy¹⁰³of Fort Wayne; also a flint

bottle of Raspberry jelly from Mrs. Elliot. Mr. A. Hunt dined

with us.

4. Mr. Hunt dined with us on whortle-berry pudding & roasted

Chickens.

5. 18 on the sick report. Delivered my gold watch (cost 55 Dol-

lars) to Mr Abijah Hunt, to procure a chrystal for it at Detroit:

Mr.McDougall was present at the delivery of the watch: Also

gave Mr. Hunt a memo. for 8 gallons best wine, 15 lbs English

Cheese & 12 yds. flannel for Major Hunt & myself. Mr. A.

Hunt & Lieut. Pope dined with us on Chicken & squirrel soup

& venison steaks; after wch Mr. H. departed for Detroit; the

first American Mercht. that has passed since our residence at

this post.

6. Dined at home on roasted venison. The Major commenced

drawing timber for the house of that faithful Shawanoe, Nek-

skorwetor.

7. Dined at home on whortle-berry pudding & roasted venison.

8. Wrote, by a discharged soldier, to Genl. Wayne, requesting a

furlough to visit Boston. If he complies with my request, I

shall be happy--if not, I remain in statu quo. 15 sick. Dined

with Messrs. Pope & Strother.

103 Ebenezer Massey, of Maryland, Artillerists and Engineers.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 255

9. A private of the 1st. S.L. by the name of John Atwood died

of the typhus, attended with Colliquative¹⁰⁴stools. 48 Shaw-

anoes arrived this day; so little flour at this post, the men are put

at 1/2 allowance & the Indians draw none at all.

10. A Monsr. La Plante¹⁰⁵arrived this day with a barrel of Cyder

from Detroit; for wch he demanded the exorbitant price of

161/4 Dolls.; The Gentlemen of the Garrison, however consider-

ing it as a rarity, united & agreed to purchase it, when, lo! the

man refused to receive bank notes in payment. A Corporal of

Artillery, by the name of Paterson came from Greeneville for

his wife, who lately returned from Indian Captivity, in wch

state she had remained since St. Clair's defeat. It seems that

on her arrival here that a Serjt. was smitten with her & took

her into keeping; Paterson, instead of reproaches, loaded him

with thanks for his attention to her--Where women are scarce,

the men must not be dainty.

11. La Plante, having repented of his refusal of paper, came &

offered to sell it, for bank-bills, at the price proposed yesterday:

The Gent. of the Garrison (excepting Major Hunt, who thought

it too extravagant) amounting to 9, bought & shared it among

them. It averaged about 4 Gallons to each person. It may well

be imagined that Madam Cloacina did not want for Devotees

this day.

12. Several men, with upwards of 60 head of cattle arrived from

Fort Wayne. recd. a letter from Lieut. Joseph H. Campbell of

the 2d. Sub-Legion, by wch we learn that the Garrison has

been at half allowance of flour ever since the departure of

Lieut. Pope from that post. From a Letter written by Major

Cushing from Greeneville to Colo. Hamtramck, & by the latter

forwarded to Major Hunt; that the author has settled all diffi-

culties with Genl. Wayne: For it was the general opinion that

Major C. was placed here under the command of Major Hunt,

to mortify & punish him for his imprudent & impolitic obser-

vations on the conduct of that General & for his being a firm

adherent to Brigadier Genl. Wilkinson, who it was supposed

104 Excessive to the point of exhaustion.

105 Possibly Jean Louis LaPlante.

256 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

had used his endeavours to raise a party in opposition to the

C. in Chf.--for there was no expressions more common than

Such an Officer is in favor of Wayne--such a one in favor of

Wilkinson. Cushing, finding it hard to kick against the pricks,

applied to Major Hunt, for a furlough for the avowed purpose

of endeavouring a reconciliation with the C. in Chf. & if he

should be successful, to ask him for the command of this post, by

wch means Major Hunt might be enabled to procure a furlough

to visit his family.

13. Monsr. Le fond, (Engage to Mr. McDougall) departed for

the Hunting grounds, near the head of the Glaize, with several

hundred pounds worth of Indian goods to procure the peltry

in that quarter. The ice was of a very considerable thickness last

night--Capt. Gaines & our Mess dined with Messrs. Pope &

Strother on apple dumplings & boiled beef. A Shawanoe woman

died on the other side of the Glaize,--& the customary signal

(discharges of a rifle) was given to announce the event.

14. Sent a letter to Mr Massy. Capt. Gaines, Lieut. Pope, Ens.

Strother, QM Wilson dined with our Mess on boiled fowl &

cabbage & roasted Chickens.

15. Dined at home; after wch Maj. Hunt, Messrs. Pope, Strother,

McDougall, QM Wilson, Indian Interpreter & myself, agree-

able to Capt. Gaines' invitation, went over to his Quarters to

participate of some fine apple toddy.

16. Mr. Bondie bro't us a box of soap from a Mr Forsyth¹⁰⁶on

a/c of Mr. John Kenzie of Detroit: the wt. of it was 60 lbs.

the price 1/2 Dol. Maj. Hunt thinking it an imposition to charge

4/ at the time that it was retailed at 3/ refused to keep it at

that price. Mr. Bondie presented me with 200 apples agreeable

to his promise some time since contracted.

17. Mr. Bondie, being informed, of our just complaints respecting

the soap, did not hesitate to receive it back & to give a receipt

for its redelivery. Mr. Bondie departed for Fort Wayne; for-

warded, by him, letters to Col. Hamtramck, Doct. Elliot &

Lieut. Campbell; likewise Cardinal D'Ossat's life to the Col.

& a flint Bottle to Doct. Elliot.

106 Probably William Forsyth or one of his six sons. William Forsyth was the

stepfather of John Kinzie. For many years he kept a tavern at Detroit.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 257

18. A perogue arrived from Fort Wayne, by wch we learn that a

command of 22 packhorses came there before they left that post.

19. Alexr. Grant, a private lately enlisted by Mr Pope, deserted

from this post; Nekskorwetor & another Shawanoe Indian,

being promised 10 Dolls for him alive, or 20 for his scalp;

departed in pursuit of him. Mr. La Fontaine, with 3 perogues

arrived from Detroit--Mr. La F. informs that orders were

given to put all the Garrisons below in the best repair, & that

he was present when 90000 shingles were ordered to be pro-

cured for Fort Miamis--that a reinforcement of troops was

daily expected & that the partial acceptance of the treaty on

the part of the U. S. was considered as rendering the whole

of none effect. Mr. La Fontaine dined & supped with us.

20. Mr. La Fontaine breakfasted with us--Major Hunt recd. a

2 gall. Keg of spirits impregnated with peaches, (from Mr.

Baubien) wch I think is far preferable to peach-brandy. Recd.

a letter from Mr Patrick McNiff & another from Mr. Robert

Abbot of Detroit. Nekskorwetor, that faithful Shawanoe, re-

turned with the scalp of Grant, who deserted yesterday; he says

that he several times endeavoured to get him to come up with

him; but being wearied with soliciting him to no purpose; shot

him in the back as he attempted to fly, & knocked him in the

head with a stone: He recd. 10 Dollars from Major Hunt &

a likely gratuity from Lieut. Pope; besides many compliments

from the officers. Recd. 1 bbl Cyder & 233 lbs flour from Mr.

Robert Abbot. A fine fat beef was killed this day wt. 335 lbs

wch Major Hunt took for our mess.

21. Dined at home.

22. Mr. Tappon Laselle arrived from Detroit with 3 laden perogues

--he dined with us, & informed that the British intend to erect

a Garrison at the mouth of the Miamis. In the Evening, Mr.

Laselle retired to Mr. McDougall's store, where after sacri-

ficing to Bacchus in a pretty liberal manner, he conceived that

Venus was not to be neglected & demanded a squaw--The

Interpreter, who, at present, sleeps with Mr. McD. went out

to the Indian huts & bro't one, who was blind of an eye & who,

besides many deformities, was upwards of 60--but Laselle,

258 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

being at that time blind of both eyes, took her in his arms &

afterwards to his bed, with as much warmth & affection, as if

she had been the greatest belle on earth: But such was his

mortification on beholding her in the morning, that he pushed

her from his bed & refused to pay her the fees of office.

23. Forwarded a letter to Mr Robert Abbot. Mr Laselle departed

for Fort Wayne.

24. Mr. Melvin & Mr. A. Hunt arrived from Detroit: they dined

with us--Mr. H. observes that the British officers & Detroiters

used him with great politeness--he returned my watch with

one chrystal affixed & a spare one in case of accident--he ful-

filled our memo. & the articles are on board Mr McDougall's

perogue--Mr. H. supped wth us.

25. Mr. McDougall presented me with a phial ess. pip. men.107--

pd. the Comy. in full for 335 lbs beef recd. 20th instant.

26. Dld. Mr. Hunt a memo. to procure a fat beef & 2 hogs, to

send them to his agent at Fort Wayne to be salted; & by him

forwarded to me as soon as possible. Mr. H. departed.

27. A boat arrived from Fort Wayne laden with salt. recd. Letters

from Lieuts. Lee & Campbell & Dr. Elliot; also from the 3d.

3 table & 6 Silver tea spoons; & from the 2d. a Keg of turnips

& 22 lbs hog's lard. Mr. Felix arrived from Detroit.

28. Mr. Koko Lasell with 6 laden perogues, arrived from Detroit.

Mr. Felix presented Major Hunt with four pickled real white-

fish. The Gent. of the Garrison, (excepting Ens. Frothingham)

Messrs. McDougall, Melvin & Lasell dined with our mess, on

corned beef & cabbage, turnips & potatoes; roast chickens &

beef; by way of dessert, Glouster Cheese & Apples. Our Canoe

drifted down the river in the night, owing to the neglect of

the Centinel.

29. Mr. Lasell departed for Fort Wayne; forwarded a letter to

Lieut. Campbell. A Corporal & several men were sent in pursuit

of the boat.

30. The men, who were sent in pursuit of the Canoe, returned with

her; they having found her in possession of some Indians about

10 miles down the Miamis.

107 Essence of peppermint.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 259

MET. OBS. NOTED AT FORT DEFIANCE, NOVEMBER 1795.

Date Variations of the weather. Winds

1. Cloudy - fair WSW

2. Fair & pleasant - Cloudy & windy East-NNE

3. Fair & pleasant - cold NNE

4. Fair & pleasant Ditto

5. Cloudy - cool - fair Ditto

6. Rain - cloudy SW

7. Cloudy - rain SSW

8. Rain - cloudy Ditto

9. Cloudy - cold - fair NNE

10. Cloudy - fair - cloudy - rain WSW

11. Cloudy - mist - fair & cold WNW

12. fair & cold NNE

13. fair - cold - cloudy - fair Ditto

14. Fair - overcast - cloudy - rain ENE

15. Rain & windy - rain, hail & wind at night SSE

16. Cloudy - rain - unsettled SSW

17. Cloudy - fair & pleasant West

18. Fair - cloudy - rain SE

19. Fair & pleasant West

20. Fair - cloudy - rain at night Ditto

21. Steady rain Ditto-NW.

22. Fair & cold NW

23. Fair - Cloudy WNW

24. Rain - cloudy - drizzly SW

25. Fair - cold - cloudy - rain NE

26. Cloudy - snow - fair NNE

27. Cloudy - steady drizzling rain Ditto

28. Steady rain Ditto

29. Rain - fair - cloudy - steady rain SSW

30. Cloudy - rain - fair SE

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 261

DIURNAL OCCURRENCES AT & NEAR FORT DEFIANCE, DURING THE

MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1795. DECEMBER, 1795 - 31 DAYS.

1. Wrote to Doctor Elliot. Mr. Robert Abbot, (a mercht. of De-

troit) of the house James Abbot & son, arrived from below

with a laden perogue--he tarries with our Mess by invitation.

A very severe thunder shower about 2 oClock pm. Paid Mr.

Abbot 38 1/8 Dollars in full of all demands.

2. Having an a/c open with Major Hunt; assumed a debt of 6 3/4

Dollars, due from him to Robert Abbot, of wch I this day paid

1 7/8 Doll.; not being able to settle the whole for want of con-

venient change. Mr. Abbot departed for Fort Wayne, taking a

letter from me to Lieut Campbell. A boat, with a man & 2

women, arrived from Fort Wayne; by wch was recd. a large

bundle of Phila. & other papers, containing the pleasing intel-

ligence that the successes of the French are equal to the impor-

tance of the object, for wch they have so long & so nobly con-

tended.110

3. A boat arrived from Fort Wayne on its way to Detroit. Our

mess & Mr. Melvin dined with Capt Gaines on baked beef,

fry'd fish & hominy.

4 Capt. Gaines, with a Serjeant & six privates, accompanied with

several indians, set off in the large boat, in quest of some

cattle wch have from time to time strayed from the droves

between Fort Wayne & this post, & wch have been frequently

seen on the northern margin of the Miamis, about half the

distance between the two forts. Messrs. McDougall & Melvin

dined with us on boiled pike, corned beef, potatoes, turnips &

cabbage.

5. Messrs. Pope, Strother, McDougall, Melvin & QM Wilson

dined with our mess on the saddle of a most excellent fawn.

6. Ensign Peter Frothingham, after a tedious illness wch he did

not endure with that christian fortitude, that his affectation of

religion seemed to induce an expectation in the minds of his

Brother Officers; died this Evening without a pang. Mr. F. came

110 Dispatches from Europe in the summer of 1795 carried news of French military

victories and of peace treaties with Spain and the German Empire.

262 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

on to this post the 31st. August last; in a very few days after

his arrival, he shewed me an irruption both on his upper &

lower extremities, wch he said was caused two or three years

since by anointing with Ung. Merc.111 for the itch; I advised him

to a dose of salts & afterwards to a saturnine lotion;¹¹²but he,

having a quantity of medicines, lotions & unguents almost equal

to the contents of my Chest, like a person who has dabbled

sufficiently in medicine to render it a dangerous tool; he seemed

determined to try a little of each of his articles, expecting that

in so large a number, he could not fail in finding the proper

remedy for his complaint, without considering the ill effects that

would result from the variety: In fact, by taking every morning,

for upwards of a fortnight, sal. Cath. or Flor. Sulph.¹¹³(con-

trary to my injunctions, to the advice & reasons I repeatedly ad-

duced to dissuade him from such a debilitating method of pro-

cedure) & other debilitating methods he induced a dropsy, or

rather a very dangerous relapse; as he informed me that he had

the anasarca¹¹⁴last year. About a fortnight before his death, he

declared to me that he would desist from pursuing his own

course & would entirely throw his life into my hands, with

the fullest confidence in my judgement: But alas! it was then

too late--the age of miracles is over. a constant depression

of spirits & a sense of his own unworthiness for the other

world, conduced to accelerate a disease, naturally rapid enough

without any additional incentives. By permission of Major

Hunt, I opened the body of Mr. Frothingham--in the stomach

was almost a total inanition--the intestines appeared filled

with a purulent¹¹⁵liquor, rather darker than true pus. the

bladder was perfectly empty & collapsed; notwithstanding the

patient complained yesterday that he had not for several days

discharged any urine; & that he derived no inconvenience from

that circumstance, as he felt no provication to void it, altho'

he generally drank a quart of wine pr day. The cellular sub-

111 Mercurial ointment.

112 Lead water.

113 sal. Cath., cathartic salt; Flor. Sulph., flowers of sulphur.

114 A kind of dropsy, a widespread swelling of the skin and subcutaneous connective

tissues due to the collection of fluid.

115 Pus-like.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 263

stance of the scrotum was filled with a yellowish water, as

likewise the penis, the heart on its right auricle, discovered

a dark livid spot, about the size of a crown piece: no other

preternatural appearance presenting, I closed the body. Mr. F

was 20 years old; of the Methodist persuasion--of a thin habit

--of a melancholic temperament--& temperate to a criminal

excess. I neglected to observe that an half pint of red blood or

fluid tinctured with red, was not extravasated during the exam-

ination.

7. Messrs. Pope, Strother & QM Wilson dined with us on roasted

venison & apple sauce. At four oClock the funeral procession

moved from Mr. Frothingham's late quarters--Ens. Strother

with a detachment in front of the corps; Messrs. Pope, Mc-

Dougall, Melvin, QM Wilson, the Indian Interpreter & myself

in the rear in couples proceeded to the place of interment;

after he was deposited, 3 rounds from the detachment were

fired & we returned to the gate of the fort, where the detach-

ment halted & opened to the right & left & suffered the gentle-

men to pass thro' them, after wch it was dismissed; the Gent.

retired to our Quarters & drank a glass of wine, eat a little

bread & cheese, smoked a pipe & wished well to the soul of the

deceased.

8. Capt. Gaines & his party returned after an unsuccessful attempt

to discover the haunts of the stray cattle. 3 perogues arrived

from below, one belonging to Mr. McDougall, another to Mr.

Lasell & the last to a Monsr. St. Morris, in Mr. McDougall's

was an Engh. cheese & a Keg of London particular for our

Mess: Also a trunk of Crockery, a Mocock116 of glass ware

& a keg of paints for Dr Elliot, wch was put into my charge.

bo't a pot of tamarinds belonging to the estate of the late Ens.

Frothingham.

9. Mr. McDougall this morning introduced to the acquaintance

of Major Hunt & myself a Monsr. St. Morris, who appears to be

a polite man & who was so obliging as to take on board his

perogue for Fort Wayne Dr Elliot's mocock of glass ware &

116 A box, usually made of birchbark, used by the Indians for keeping food, espe-

cially maple sugar.

264 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

keg of paint--wrote by Mr. St. M. to Doct. Elliot--Mr. Lasell's

perogue started for Ft. Wayne at the same time with that of

Monsr. St. M.

10. Major Hunt & the other Gentlemen of the Garrison took

coffee with Mr. Commy Wilson this afternoon--the first effort

of generosity wch he has exercised at this post.

11. Wrote a Letter of introduction for Mr. Melvin to the Comdt.

at Kettle alias Girty's town, without having recd. information

who commanded at that post; being confident if it was an old

officer he would recognize me; & flattering myself that if it was

one of the new appointments that he would have no objection

to oblige a brother officer.

12. Mr. Melvin departed for his wintering at the headquarters of

the Glaize. Anthony Sheane set off in pursuit of game for

Christmas.

13. Dined in quite a family way.

14. Messrs. Laselle & Barron arrived from Detroit, who with all

the Gentlemen of the Garrison, except Comy Wilson, dined

with our Mess. Lieut Charles Wright¹¹⁷arrived from Fort

Wayne with two boats laden with flour & whiskey--he dined

at our Quarters. Recd. Letters from Lieuts. Massy & Campbell,

with 50 bricks from the latter & a windsor chair from Capt

Porter.

15. The Interpreter arrived after an unsuccessful hunt of three

days; we are under apprehensions that Christmas will be a

meagre day. Lieut. Wright & Ens. Strother embarked for Fort

Wayne. wrote to Doct. Elliot, Capt. Porter & Lieuts. Massy &

Campbell--forwarded to the last Mr. McDougall's a/c &

rect. [receipt] for 8 lbs brown sugar, at 3/NY Cury amounting

to 3 Dolls. intending it as an offset for 22 bls hog's lard recd

from Campbell some time since, & requesting a receipt for the

same. Sent Doct. Elliot his trunk of Crockery.

16. Messrs. Laselle & Barron departed for Ft. Wayne. my heart,

was laid with bricks instead of unburnt clay or rather mud.

Jno. Woods, a private of 2d. S.L. died of debility about

12 o'Clock last night: the evening of the same night I visited

17 Of Maryland, 3d Sub Legion.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 265

him & found him sitting by the fire far better than he had

been for several months.

17. Dined at home in the family way.

18. Thomas Grigg, a private of the 3d Sub Legion, of extreme

debility & colliquative stools, died this day; he has never been

able to perform more than two hours of duty since his first ar-

rival. The Gentlemen of the Garrison, in consequence of a pre-

vious invitation, dined with Mr Commy. Wilson on boiled &

roasted beef & vegetables: nothing but whiskey to drink--it is

necessary to remark that this violent effort of liberality was ex-

torted by an observation I made that the Gentlemen of the Gar-

rison deemed him a mean, covetous fellow & that the little com-

plaisance he experienced from them was entirely owning to

his conduct.

19. The ice, in cakes, floats pretty plentifully down the Miamis,

while little or none is observable in the Glaize--the same

remark was made last January.

20. Dined at home on roasted racoon, wch would have eaten very

well but for the amazing quantity of high scented fat. Snow

about 3 inches in depth.

21. The ice flows in great abundance, down the Miamis & in a mod-

erate degree down the Glaize. A boat arrived from Fort Wayne

by wch we are informed that Mr. Strother arrived there the

19th inst.

22. The Gentlemen of the Garrison dined with our Mess on boiled

beef, roast chickens & chicken pye.

23. Our mess dine in a family way.

24. Tetebokshey, or Glaize King, a Delaware Chf, Capt Butler,

a Shawanoe Chf, & another Chf of the Shawanoes, dined supped

& lodged at our Quarters--Venison & racoons are bro't for

Christmas. An order issued for ushering in the anniversal day

of the birth of our saviour with 15 rounds of the Artillery--

& to allow the soldiers an extra jill of whiskey on the occasion.

25. Mr. Pope being anxious to catch the first glympse of day to

commence the firing arose about 3 hours before the usual time

& actually began the firing 1 1/2 hour too early & instead of

15 rounds, 19 were discharged. The Officers & Gentlemen of

266 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

the Garrison, Messieurs McDougall, Felix & the Indian Chfs

who arrived yesterday, dined with our Mess on boiled beef,

calves head, roasted Chickens, veal & a Chicken Pie--Pancakes

&c. &c., & plenty of excellent port & London particular: after

having demolished the contents of six bottles we adjourned to

the front of the Garrison, where Lieut. Pope, by permission of

Major Hunt, threw about 20 Shells, about 3 of wch lost their

fuses, previous to bursting or rather previous to the time at

wch they ought to have bursted: We then returned & passed

the Evening at our Quarters in drinking & smoaking till about

10 oClock; & what is remarkable, that on this occasion not a

man was intoxicated.

26. Major Hunt & myself having promised to our waiters a frolic if

they conducted well at Christmas, gave them their whiskey &

necessary provision; & sending the relics of yesterday up to

Mr. McDougall's, in Compy. with Capt. Gaines, dined there

very happily; Mr. QM Wilson arrived just after dinner & we

drank 4 bottles of wine at McDougalls & took 4 others into the

Garrison, two of wch were drank at our Quarters & 2 at Capt.

Gaines'; it may be supposed that at 9 oClock pm we all felt

lively. Mr. Pope out on a hunting match.

27. Capt. Butler & the other Shawanoe Chf. departed for their

town, Tetebokshey having left us yesterday--Messrs. Pope

& Felix returned from hunting & relieved us from the fears

we entertained of Mr. P's having got lost in the woods; pre-

vious to their arrival Major Hunt had one of the Arty pieces

discharged each quarter of an hour to point out the direction

in wch the Garrison lay from the lost party. Messrs. Pope,

McDougall, Capt. Gaines & Felix dined with us on roasted

venison.

28. Am seized with a violent pain in my right side & feel appre-

hensive of the pleurisy. Capt. Gaines dined with us on roasted

venison. affixed a blister on the pained side.

29. Feel the pain much abated altho' the vesicatory plaster operated

merely as a rubefacient.118 Mr. Pope dined with us on an excel-

lent piece of corned beef.

118 Vesicatory, blister producing; rubefacient, reddening agent.

THE ANDREWS JOURNAL 267

30. Tetebokshey finding how finely he had fared about Christmas,

was determined to be here in season to celebrate the new year

by making his appearance this day. Mr. McDougall & Tetebok-

shey likewise Mr. Felix dined at our Quarters on boiled beef,

roasted duck & rabbit. Tetebokshey informed us that Mr. Pope's

Lady had that morning introduced to the world a young artil-

lerist: On the Gentlemen having applied to Mr. Pope for the

usual fee, a gallon of wine, he disavowed the child on a/c of

the time; his first connection being in May last; & notwith-

standing all that could be said on the subject, would not be

persuaded that it was possible for a child to be born in less

than 9 from the conception. Settled in full for the bread, wch

our Mess has recd. from Mr. Felix, & let him have 188 1/8 lbs

flour in advance.

31. Recd. tickets of Mr. Felix for the flour I advanced yesterday--

Tetebokshey dined with us on boiled beef. Major Hunt issued

an order to introduce the approaching year with 15 rounds

from the Artillery & for the men to have an extra jill of

whiskey on that day. Farewell 1795; Thou hast had thy career,

give way to thy more aged successor.

268 THE OHIO HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

MET. OBS. NOTED AT FORT DEFIANCE, DECEMR. 1795.

Date Variations of the weather. Winds

1. Overcast - Cloudy - thunder - rain SE

2. Cloudy & fair alternately NW

3. Fair & Cloudy alternately WNW

4. Fair & pleasant Ditto

5. Cloudy - fair Ditto

6. Fair - cloudy - snow Ditto

7. Drizzling rain - warm Ditto

8. Snow - Cloudy Ditto

9. Cloudy - fair South

10. Snow - Cloudy West

11. Cloudy - fair Ditto

12. Cloudy - rain - thunder - steady rain ENE

13. Rain & Snow alternately the whole day Ditto

14. Fair & pleasant East

15. Cloudy - fair West

16. Fair - Cloudy - windy WNW

17. Cloudy - snow - fair Ditto

18. Cloudy - snow - fair - Cloudy SW

19. Cloudy - fair - snow - cloudy - snow East

20. Snow - Cloudy Ditto

21. Fair - Cloudy Ditto

22. Cloudy - fair - cloudy SE

23. Steady rain SW

24. Cloudy WSW

25. Cloudy - snow in the night Ditto

26. Snow - sleet ENE

27. Cloudy - cold night NW

28. Fair & pleasant WSW-SW

29. Fair - Cloudy - snow East

30. Snow - Cloudy - fair - thaw SSE

31. Almost steady rain - SSW

Ohio History Journal