Ohio History Journal

Editorialana.                       559

exhibit, and several exhibits of archaeology and anthropology. About

one thousand people daily inspect the display of the Society, and

amongst these are professors, scholars and students from all parts of

the world. The Society is certainly to be congratulated upon the exhibit

it is making and upon the attention it is attracting from the public and

the influence it is exerting in behalf of the Society. The newspapers

not only in St. Louis but throughout the country are giving it admirable

and wide-spread notice. Prof. Mills has most admirably arranged the

exhibit and he has been the recipient of innumerable compliments for his

competency as Curator of the Society.

The Secretary reported the issuing of the July Quarterly and stated

that the October Quarterly was being rapidly prepared for publication,

and would probably come from the press early in September. He also

reported that the reprint of the Centennial proceedings had been com-

pleted. Fifteen hundred copies were now at the disposal of the Society,

and a certain number would be sent to each member of the last legis-

lature in lieu of their failure to receive the contingent which had been

provided for in the appropriation bill, and which item had been vetoed

by the Governor.

The committee authorized the Secretary and Treasurer Wood to

arrange for a visit by the Executive Committee to Fort Ancient on

Monday, August 29th.

On Monday, August 29th, in accordance with the decision of the Exe-

cutive Committee at its last meeting, members of the Executive Committee

and certain invited State officials made a visit to Fort Ancient. Those

participating were: Hon. L. C. Laylin, Secretary of State and Mrs.

Laylin; Hon. W. D. Guilbert, Auditor of State and Mrs. Guilbert; Prof.

C. G. Heckert, President of Wittenberg University, Springfield,

and Mrs. Heckert; Mr. W. H. Raynor, Springfield and Mr. D. A. Ran-

dall, Columbus. Of the members of the Executive Committee there

were Hon. D. J. Ryan and Mrs. Ryan, Columbus; Mr. Geo. F. Bareis and

Mrs. Bareis, Canal Winchester; Col. John W. Harper and Mrs. Harper,

Cincinnati; Prof. C. L. Martzolff and Mrs. Martzolff, New Lexing-

ton; Prof. B. F. Prince and Miss Grace Prince, Springfield; Secretary

E. O. Randall and Mrs. Randall, Columbus. The party reached the Fort

at 9:00 A. M., and were met at the station by Mr. Warren Cowen the

Custodian, who with carriages, escorted the party to and about the

Fort. A thorough examination of the embankments and enclosures was

made. The work done by the Society in the embellishment and improve-

ment of the property was also carefully noted and commended. Further

proposed work by the Society was also considered and certain features

of it determined upon. The party partook of a sumptuous country

dinner at the Fort house; all agreeing that if the menu enjoyed was

any sample of the provender partaken of by the prehistoric man, the

560         Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

mysterious Mound Builder was at all events a good liver. The weather

proved delightful, and the State officials, as well as trustees, pronounced

themselves as highly pleased first with the fact that the State had secured

the property, and second that it was being so admirably protected under

the custodianship of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society.

HARRISON-TARHE PEACE CONFERENCE MEMORIAL.

On Tuesday, June 28, 1904, at Columbus, Ohio, a most delightful and

appropriate program of ceremonies was carried out by the Columbus

Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution commemorative

of the peace conference between President Harrison and the famous

Wyandot Indian chief, Tarhe, at Franklinton, on the west side of the

Scioto, opposite Columbus. This peace conference was held June 21,

1813. The exercises of the celebration were held in the open air near the

historic spot where the conference took place. Temporary seats were

provided for the auditors in the little park which ornaments that part of

the city, the speakers occupying an elevated platform over which was

spread a canopy. The audience, it goes without saying, was a sym-

pathetic one, being composed mainly of the Daughters of the American

Revolution, Sons of the American Revolution, and members of the Ohio

State Archaeological and Historical Society, to whom the committee in

charge had courteously extended invitations. The Columbus Rifles Band

furnished fitting music. Invocation was pronounced by the Reverend

Washington Gladden. An immense granite boulder made an imposing

monument, upon which was attached a beautiful bronze tablet stating the

event which it commemorated. A most admirable and appropriate ad-

dress presenting the peace memorial to the City was made by Mrs. Edward

Orton, Jr., Regent of the Columbus Chapter, Daughters of the American

Revolution, and to whose energetic and persistent efforts was mainly due

the idea and its fulfillment of the erection of this tablet. The act of unveil-

ing was most unique and interesting, as the immense stars and stripes

which served as the veil were drawn aside by Masters Milton Wilcox and

Allen G. Thurman. The address of acceptance on behalf of the City

was made by Hon. Robert H. Jeffrey, Mayor of Columbus, who spoke

briefly but eloquently of the inspiration of honored ancestry. The chief

address of the occasion was made by General Benjamin R. Cowen, life

member of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, who spoke

at some length, in his usually graceful and scholarly manner, dwelling

upon the historic conflict between the white and red races for supremacy,

the past achievements, present conditions and future prospects of the

white race. It was an occasion much enjoyed by those who were so fortu-

nate as to be prsent, and greatly to the credit of the Daughters of the

Revolution, who find in such occasions fitting opportunity to express

Editorialana.                       561

their enthusiasm in and loyalty to the order to which they belong. We

do not give the proceedings in full as they will be published in book

form by the Columbus Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

HARWOOD R. POOL.

Mr. Harwood R. Pool, a life member of the Ohio State Archaeo-

logical and Historical Society, died in New York, December 30, 1903.

He was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Pool, and was born in

Elyria, Ohio, October 22, 1860. He went to New York in 1868, attended

private school and later fitted for college at Hopkins Institute, New

Haven, Connecticut. In 1877 he entered the Ohio State University, and

was graduated therefrom on June 22, 1881, with the degree of Ph. B.

While in college he took lead in important measures affecting college

life, and was one of the organizers of the Greek letter society, Phi

Gamma Delta. He was one of the organizers and first president of the

Alcyone Literary Society. He was also one of the establishers and first

editors of the college paper, "The Lantern." He was a splendid student,

a fine athlete, and, through his frank and winning manner, not only

one of the leaders in all college affairs, but a most popular man with

all classes of students. Immediately upon his graduation from O. S. U.,

he attended the Columbia Law School, from which he received his

diploma on June 13, 1883, as Bachelor of Laws "cum laude," and was

admitted to practice by the Supreme Court in 1883. He took a most active

interest in the progress and welfare of his Alma Mater, O. S. U., and

was honored by receiving office from   the Alumni Association. He

also became prominent as an alumnus of the Law School at Columbia

University. He was elected a member of the Loyal Legion, New York

Commandery, of the second class, April 4, 1888. This latter order, at

a stated meeting of the commandery held at Delmonico's, made fitting

recognition of the decease of their honored member, the formal reso-

lution being presented by Brevet Brigadier General Anson G. McCook.

The death of Harwood Pool in the prime of his activity was not only

a sad blow to his innumerable friends and associates but a decided loss

to the community and profession of which he was so conspicuous and

valuable a member. Mr. Pool, from the beginning of his membership in

the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, took deep interest

in its welfare; his removal to New York and residence in that metropolis

seemed in no way to lessen his love for his native state and interest in

the progress of the society which promotes the history of the Buckeye

Commonwealth.

Vol. XIII- 36.

562         Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

GATHERING UNDER THE OAKS.

On July 6th the Secretary of the Society was the honored invitee

of the committee of arrangements at the semi-centennial anniversary

celebration of the birth of the Republican party held at Jackson, Mich.,

in a picturesque grove of oak trees just outside the city limits.

It was at Jackson, Mich., on July 6, 1854, that the first great mass

meeting of members of the Whig, Abolitionist, Anti-slavery Democrat,

and other members of nondescript political parties met "under the oaks"

and organized and named the Republican party. This meeting led to

the nomination of a State ticket for Michigan, which was elected the

following fall. Some ten thousand voters in Michigan signed the peti-

tion for this meeting. The anniversary meeting was one of great

interest and patriotism. The platform for the speakers was located in a

hollow of the grove, in front of a large temporary enclosure, to the

seats of which were admitted some eight hundred veteran Republicans

who cast their first vote in that party for Fremont in 1856. Of these

eight hundred, some four hundred were present at the initial meeting

held in Jackson fifty years before. It was a remarkable audience of

political veterans, many of them scarred and maimed from service in

the great rebellion.  The honor address of the day was by Mr. John

Hay, the distinguished Secretary of State, formerly private secretary

to President Lincoln, and since the statesman and diplomat, and a life

member from its organization of the Ohio State Archaeological and

Historical Society. His address was in eloquence and scholarship worthy

of the occasion and the reputation of the speaker. Addresses were also

made by Senators Fairbanks and Burrows, Governor Bliss of Michigan,

Speaker Joseph Cannon and others,

HISTORICAL BULLETIN.

The Historical Bulletin, an interesting publication issued at Wash-

ington, D. C., and devoted to genealogy, patriotism and historical

research, in its issue for August, 1904, has, as its initial article, an in-

forming account of the inception of the National Society Sons of the

American Revolution, by George Williams Bates, of Detroit, Michigan.

Mr. Bates is the Historian-General of the National Society, S. A. R.,

and moreover one of its most enthusiastic and popular workers. At

the last National Convention of the Society, held at St. Louis, Mr. Bates,

who   on  that occasion  delivered  an  admirable  address  on  the

Louisiana Purchase, was re-elected Historian-General for the fourth

term, evidencing not only the value of his labors in his office but

the appreciation of the same by the members of the organization. Mr.

Bates is a descendant of a number of distinguished New England

Editorialana.                       563

families, through his mother being connected with Roger Williams and

related to the Reverend John Robinson, pastor and founder in 1606 of

the Pilgrim Church at Leyden, Holland. Mr. Bates is a graduate of the

University of Michigan, and is a practicing attorney in the city of his

birth, Detroit, and wields a potent influence in social, Masonic, educational,

and scientific circles of that beautiful, enterprising city. Mr. Bates is

an orator of unusual force and eloquence and is always listened to with

great pleasure and interest, especially by audiences of the Sons of the

American Revolution.

OHIO STATE BAR ASSOCIATION.

The Ohio State Bar Association held its 25th annual meeting at

Hotel Victory, Put-in-Bay, July 6-7-8, 1904. It was unusually well

attended, there being some four hundred lawyers of the State present

at the various sessions. Addresses were delivered by the Hon. Henry

J. Booth, annual address of the President; Judge William Z. Davis, of

the Ohio Supreme Court on "The Trial Judge"; Hon. S. S. Wheeler on

"State Taxation of Real and Personal Property"; Hon. Lebbeus R.

Wilfley, Attorney-General for the Philippine Islands, on "The New

Philippine Judiciary"; Mr. Emilius O. Randall, Reporter of the Ohio

Supreme Court, on "Legal Reporting and Indexing." Hon. Joseph Wilby

and Hon. David F. Pugh discussed the subject of "Municipal Ownership."

LETTERS BY GOVERNOR TIFFIN.

Through the courtesy of Hon. Robert W. Manly, the Society has re-

ceived as donations for permanent possession, from Mr. Charles G.

Comegys, Cincinnati, and Edward T. Cook, Chillicothe, both grand-

sons of Edward Tiffin, Ohio's first governor, an autograph commission

by Governor Tiffin issued the 10th day of December, 1806, and appoint-

ing one Mathew Nimmo, Esq., an agent to enforce certain laws enacted

for the peace to the commonwealth, etc. Also autograph letters from the

Governor to Mathew Nimmo concerning the performance of the duties

of his office, and an autograph letter of Secretary H. Dearborn of the

War Department to Governor Tiffin. These documents will be securely

placed in the archives of the Society as valuable historical acquisitions to

the Society's library.

COMMERCIAL VS. SCIENTIFIC COLLECTING.

In the January number of the Society's Quarterly there appeared

an article from the distinguished archaeologist, Warren K. Moorehead,

on the subject of commercial and scientific collecting; "a plea for art

for art's sake." The author vigorously deprecated the vandal system

564         Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

of destroying archaeological mounds and remains, and the disposing of

archaeological artifacts by collectors as a mere matter of barter and sale.

The article attracted the wide notice of archaeologists throughout the

country, and Mr. Moorehead has been the recipient of commendatory

communications from many of the leading scholars in archaeology, from

which we select the following:

MAY 30, 1904, ST. LOUIS, Mo.

MY DEAR PROF. MOOREHEAD:- I have read with interest your

recent article on "Commercial vs. Scientific Collecting" and am pleased to

note that your views on the subject are so fully in accord with my own and

those of many of my co-laborers in the Wisconsin field. But few other

states in the Union have suffered more severely at the hands of commer-

cially inclined persons than has our own and it is by this means that

many of our choicest archaeological treasures which should have remained

at home have gone to enrich distant collections and institutions, and are

at present inaccessible to the local student for whom they must possess

the greatest value. In the past, professional relic hunters and others

have traversed the length and breadth of our state offering fancy prices for

desirable artifacts and thus forever placing beyond the reach of local

institutions and students these and any similar objects which might be

brought to light in the future. These long continued raids upon our

antiquities have done much to encourage the plundering and destruction

of our mounds and there is no question but that they are also responsible

for the extent to which the manufacture of and traffic in fraudulent im-

plements has grown in late years. This spirit of commercialism has also

been the means of introducing into local collections a large number of

artifacts from other regions which might to all intents and purposes

far better have been retained at home. That the commercial evil is a

growing one cannot be denied. For several years past the Wisconsin

Archaeological Society recognizing the disastrous effects of a continuation

of such practices has been doing its best to secure the retention of desir-

able archaeological material by local institutions. We are pleased to

note that this plan has met with some success. If we were to under-

take to point out those whom we consider responsible or in part respon-

sible for such local conditions as now exist it might occasion some

surprise.                       Yours sincerely,

CHAS. E. BROWN,

Secretary Wisconsin Archaeological Society.

PEABODY MUSEUM, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., March 22, 1904.

MY DEAR MR. MOOREHEAD:--I have read your paper "Commercial

vs. Scientific Collecting" with much interest. Irreparable harm has been

done the science of American archaeology by amateur as well as commer-

cial explorers of mounds, burial places and village sites. In fact very

little archaeological work has been done in the United States in a thor-

oughly competent manner, until within the last few years, even by

professionals.

As to commercial explorers, their work should be discouraged in

every way. Competent amateurs should be encouraged to do better work.

A study of the reports of the best work that has been accomplished will

greatly help those who usually destroy what they would record. Careful

maps, photographs, measurements and notes should always be made as

the work progresses. Officers of archaeological museums are usually glad

to give advice as to the best methods of exploring. All specimens should

Editorialana.                        565

be marked in a permanent manner with small gummed labels, for cata-

logues of amateur collections are sure to be lost sooner or later.

Sincerely yours,

CHARLES C. WILLOUGHBY,

Assistant Curator Peabody Museum, Harvard.

WASHINGTON, D. C., March 21, 1904.

MY DEAR MOOREHEAD: -There are two kinds of commercial collec-

tors of archaeological objects-the one who collects in a systematic

manner, keeping notes of excavations and all the circumstances con-

nected with the finding of the objects, thus giving the collection a value

far beyond that possessed by the objects alone, and that abomination

who spoils everything for the purpose of gathering specimens for sale

to anyone who will purchase them, regardless of whether the story they

tell is forthcoming or not. The former class I have heard of but never

seen; the latter can be discouraged in a measure at least, if every respec-

table scientific institution or individual will refuse to have dealings with

him. There is urgent need of agitation to prevent the further despoliation

of the public ruins and other antiquities in the far West and to place

their excavation under scientific control for the sole benefit of institutions

of learning. Within a week I have seen in an American archaeological

journal that has recently made an appeal for the protection of our anti-

quities, an advertisement of a dealer who makes a specialty of pre-

historic pottery "direct from the ruins"! If the vandalism continues

much longer, the means for real scientific study of our western antiqui-

ties will be no more.            Sincerely yours,

F. W. HODGE,

Editor American Anthropologist.

TORONTO, CANADA, March 19, 1904.

DEAR SIR:-I carefully read the article when it originally appeared

in the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly.

In this country we are not very much troubled with a class of

people to whom you refer, otherwise than as their advertisements may

happen to reach us from   the United States. No one can doubt the

truthfulness of the remarks you make respecting the collection of archae-

ological material for mercenary or commercial purposes, and while in

the interests of science the carrying on of such a business is something

to be deplored, I am afraid that very little can be done to put a stop

to it. Thousands of people of the tourist type, patronize dealers in curio-

sities to be carried away as souvenirs without any discrimination as to

where the things were found, or even whether they were ever found.

As a result of this thoughtless method of purchasing, it is only natural

for an ingenious person to supply the demand as a result of his own

skill, for the purpose of earning a few dollars. If we could only con-

vince dealers, into whose hands most undoubtedly much highly valuable

material sometimes falls, to exercise judgment in the disposal of the

goods, i. e. as to whether he is selling to a souvenir customer, or for

scientific purposes, a good deal of the trouble will be avoided. I don't

think it is possible to enact any law that would prevent carrying on this

trade, and although it might be well for responsible institutions to refrain

from making any purchases from establishments where relics are sold,

it would be somewhat difficult at times to avoid temptation.

Would it be of any use, or would it be practicable for State, Uni-

versity, Museum or Historical Society authorities to supply reputable

566         Ohio Arch. and Hist. Society Publications.

dealers of the kind in question with something of the nature of a cer-

tificate from year to year?         Yours respectfully,

DAVID BOYLE,

Superintendent Provincial Museum.

PAGE HALL, COLUMBUS, O., March 25, 1904.

MY DEAR PROF. MOOREHEAD:- I feel that the dealers and so-called

commercially inclined collectors are a great menace to our scientific

museums in very many ways. Many dealers collect specimens giving

little or no attention to authentic data and offer same for sale. When

called upon to give the necessary data, they are able to furnish a complete

history of each specimen? For instance, I know a collector who has

in his cabinet a number of specimens labeled "Found in Montgomery

County, Ohio"; these he procured from a dealer. The specimens are

clearly not Ohio specimens and are typical Georgia finds.

Further, the country has been flooded with spurious artifacts "with

complete records," furnished by dealers throughout the country. The

commercially inclined collector destroys the mounds and village sites

merely for the relics they find, blotting out forever what might be of

great importance to the archaeologist who will sooner or later make an

examination of this work. Of the two, the commercially inclined collector

is the one to be avoided. He is very often unscrupulous in procuring speci-

mens and many fall into his hands through false pretenses. Many so-called

collectors travel through the country, preying upon farmers and small

collectors by telling them that they are collecting for some museum, or

collecting specimens to photograph, or make drawings for some book on

archaeology, and when completed the specimens will be returned, with

a fine copy of the book gratis. The book is never published, consequently

the specimens are never returned.

We are prevailed upon many times during the year to purchase

specimens from parties who have "just opened a mound," or "found on

grandfather's farm," and I am happy to say that they have never made

a sale here. I feel that it is the duty of every museum curator never to

purchase specimens of any kind from dealers or commercially inclined

collectors.            Very truly yours,      W. C. MILLS,

Curator Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society.

SHAKERS AND THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

In the January number of the current volume was made mention

of valuable MSS. and articles of industry secured from  the SHAKERS

through the agency of Dr. J. P. MacLean. During the months of June,

July and August of this year, Dr. MacLean made a tour of all the

Eastern Shaker communities, and wherever he went, the Historical So-

ciety's interests were not neglected. The result was a donation of

nineteen cases of books and relics now within the Library and Museum.

amounting in value to many hundred dollars. For these valuable ac-

quisitions the Society is indebted to Elder Timothy Rayson, Alonzo G.

Hollister, Eldress Anna White, Eldress Sarah Burger, Eldress Julia

Scott, Eldress Clarissa Jacobs, Eldress Sarah Collins, Sisters Catherine

Allen, Sadie and Emma J. Neale and Eunice Cantrell of Mt. Lebanon,

N. Y.; Eldress Sophia Helfrich, Eldress Catherine Piper and Sister

Martha Johnson, of the Hancock Society; Elder Joseph Holden and

Eldress Mary Ellston of the Shirley Society; Eldress Margaret O. Eggles-

Editorialana.                       567

ton of the Harvard Society; Eldress Miriam Offord and Sister Angelina

Brown, of the Enfield, Conn., Society; Sister Rosetta Cummings of the

Enfield, N. H., Society; Elder Henry C. Blinn and Eldress Mary A.

Wilson, of the Canterbury Society; Eldress Fannie Casey, of the Alfred

Society, and Sisters Aurelia G. Mace and Sarah Fletcher of the Sabbath-

day Lake Society.

Besides the Shaker books received, there were several hundred

others, of a miscellaneous variety, all of which are valuable, besides over

thirty bound volumes of newspapers and journals, mostly published in

New York. These latter came from Elder Timothy Rayson and Eldress

Anna White.

Among the Shaker relics were the hat, knife, thimble, basket and

part of dress of Mother Ann Lee; china mug and dress of Mother Lucy

Wright; hats once worn by Elders F. W. Evans, Daniel Boler and

Richard Bushnell; wine cup of Eldress Olive Spencer (first eldress of

Mt. Lebanon); saddle-bags of Elder Eleazer Rand (over 100 years old);

one full suit of Brother's clothes; shoes of Eldress Antoinette Doolittle;

under jacket of F. W. Evans; large spinning wheel, bed warming pan;

reel, canes, razors, looking glasses; wash bowl of Elder James Whittaker;

tailor's compas; suit of boy's dolls clothes, made by Eldress Sarah Bur-

ger; one very large doll dressed in Shaker Sister's suit of the present, by

Sister Sadie Neale; another in Sister's old style, dressed by Eldress

Clarissa Jacobs; trunk of Eldress Eliza Babbitt; fancy box made by Elder

Richard Bushnell; fourteen samples of Shaker cloth, etc., etc. One of

the canes had belonged to Elder Benjamin Dunlavy of Pleasant Hill, Ky.;

thence to Elder Harvey L. Eads of South Union, Ky., and finally to

John Bradford of Enfield, N. H. The latter died at an advanced age,

while Dr. MacLean was addressing the Society on Early Shakerism in

the West. Dr. MacLean made eleven different addresses at Mt. Lebanon,

one each at Enfield, Conn., Enfield, N. H., Harvard and Sabbathday Lake.

He was made a member of North Family, Enfield, Conn., and also of

the Church Family of Harvard. He had previously been made a mem-

ber of the North Family at Union Village and of the North Family at

Mt. Lebanon. The Shakers report that privileges were accorded to Dr.

MacLean that never were bestowed upon any other non-member. They

were drawn to him by the fairness of his writings concerning them, claim-

ing that he is more just and discerning than any other author. Dr. Mac-

Lean in due time, will give a full account of his life among the Shaker

communities, which will be published. He is now at work preparing a

bibliography of Shakerism.

The Historical Society now rejoices in having the largest Shaker

collection of books and relics of any public institution in the world. A

further very large donation is promised from James H. Fennessey,

manager of Union Village, Eldress Clymena Miner and Sister Susannah

C. Liddell. The North Family of Mt. Lebanon has become a life member

of the Historical Society.