Ohio History Journal

REPORT OF THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND

HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Forenoon Session--10 A. M.

The forty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Ohio State Archae-

ological and Historical Society was called to order by President

Arthur C. Johnson, Sr., on April 23, 1935, in the Auditorium of

the Museum. Eighty-eight members were in attendance.

MR. JOHNSON: The minutes of the last Annual Meeting

are voluminous and they were published in the QUARTERLY and

each member of the Society has received a copy, so there is no

necessity for taking up the time of this meeting unless some one

calls for either the minutes or some part of them. If there is no

objection they will be considered approved and we will proceed

to the report of the secretary.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE OHIO

STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY

APRIL 24, 1934--APRIL 23, 1935

The Constitution of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical

Society states that

the Secretary shall keep the minutes and records of the Society; edit all

the publications of the Society; give due notice of all meetings; furnish

certificates to members; supervise all the correspondence of the Society;

he shall attend all meetings of the various standing committees of the

Board of Trustees, and shall perform such other duties as the trustees

may direct. He shall make a written report to the Society at the annual

meetings, and may perform the duties of Librarian.

In accordance with this constitutional requirement the secretary sub-

mits the following written report for the year beginning April 24, 1934;

and in accordance with the duties enumerated the report is divided into

three parts--the first pertaining to the secretary's office; the second to

editorial work; and the third to the Library.

(356)

PROCEEDINGS                           357

Office of the Secretary.

The report of the last annual meeting held April 24, 1934, together

with a report of the annual trustees' meeting held at the same time was

published in the July, 1934, issue of the QUARTERLY. Since that time three

regular quarterly meetings of the Board of Trustees have been held.

At the meeting, July 26, 1934, a life membership was granted to Miss

Josephine B. Scott of Cassadaga, New York, in recognition of her gift

of several of her own oil paintings relating to the history of Ohio and for

other historical material presented to the Library.

At the meeting held October 23, 1934, the secretary reported the

resignation of Miss Alice S. Davis who had served the Society faithfully

for ten years as library cataloguer, and the appointment of Mr. Clarence L.

Weaver, a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University and the Library School

of Western Reserve University, as library cataloguer and editorial assistant,

was approved.

The Board authorized the secretary, director and treasurer to prepare

the Budget for 1935-1936 and present it to the director of finance.

At this meeting life memberships were granted to Louis W. Campbell

and Bernard Roi Campbell of Toledo, for their contributions to the Natural

History Department and to Mrs. Walter Harris for her gift of the desk

and other material of her father-in-law, former Governor Andrew    L.

iHars.

At the meeting held January 22, 1935, a committee was appointed to

prepare a program commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the organiza-

tion of the Society to be presented in connection with the program of the

annual meeting April 23, 1935. Action was also taken approving a move-

ment to fittingly celebrate the 150th anniversary of the establishment of

civil government in the Northwest Territory, which took place at Marietta

in 1788. At this same meeting the Budget Committee reported the prepara-

tion of the Budget and submitted a copy of the Request which had already

been filed with the director of finance. The Request as presented was

approved.

During the year the secretary has attended the annual meeting of the

American Library Association which met at Montreal, Canada, and the

annual meeting of the American Historical Association and Conference

of State and Local Historical Societies at Washington, D. C., without

expense to the Society. While in Washington he spent some time in the

Library of Congress and other governmental agencies studying their meth-

ods of preserving and handling rare books, newspapers, manuscripts, maps

and official archives.

The secretary has been making a survey of local and county historical

societies in the State and so far as he can determine there are now fifty-one

which are more or less active.

The secretary has addressed twenty-five public meetings of various

kinds since the last annual meeting and has handled a very heavy corre-

spondence relating to the interests of the Society and answering inquiries

of an historical and genealogical nature made to the Library. In this latter

group acknowledgment is made to the excellent service of William Mc-

Kinley, assistant reference librarian.

Announcements have been made twice during the year of bequests

made to the Society. Miss Elizabeth E. McFarland, a member of the So-

ciety, residing at Oxford, Ohio, who died January 30, 1935, willed the

Society $1000.00 and a painting of "Cumberland Gap" by Archibald Willard,

a member of Miss McFarland's father's regiment during the Civil War.

358     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

Mrs. James Elizabeth Sells, of Columbus, who died February 1, 1935, be-

queathed to the Society an oil portrait of Elder Isaac N. Walters, together

with Elder Walters' biography.

Since the last annual meeting there have been added to the member-

ship a total of seventy-six names, sixty-one being annual members, five con-

tributing members, five sustaining members and five life members. The

total membership of the Society at present is 651.

The terms of Dr. George W. Rightmire, Harold T. Clark and Webb

C. Hayes, II, as trustees, expire this year, and there is a vacancy on the

Board occasioned by the death of Miss Helen Bareis whose term would

have expired in 1936.

Publications.

The secretary in his editorial capacity has supervised the publication

of Museum Echoes each month, the four regular issues of the QUARTERLY,

and two new volumes of the Collections series.

At the October, 1934, meting of the Board of Trustees a recom-

mendation was made that a Board of Editors be appointed to cooperate

with the editor in determining the character and quality of material to be

published in the QUARTERLY. It was suggested that the members of this

Board be chosen pretty widely from the historical activities of the State,

making it a capable and representative body.

At the same meeting the editor submitted a recommendation that

there be a greater variety of material published in the QUARTERLY, making

possibly a more general appeal to readers, but at the same time maintaining

a standard of historical and scientific accuracy and dignity, and that the

more lengthy contributions formerly published in the QUARTERLY be re-

served for publication in the new series of Collections provided for in 1930.

This was approved by the Board. The Board also authorized the discon-

tinuance of the old Publications series of the Society since that series

was simply a duplication of the regular QUARTERLY in bound form.

The Board also approved a recommendation that action be taken to

improve the appearance of the QUARTERLY as much as possible.

President [Arthur C.] Johnson appointed as members of the Board

of Editors Professor Robert C. Binkley, of Western Reserve University;

Professor Beverley W. Bond, Jr., of the University of Cincinnati; Dr.

Clarence E. Carter, editor of the Territorial Papers [of the United States

(Washington, 1934-)], Department of State, Washington, D. C.; Henry C.

Shetrone, director, Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society; Pro-

fessor Albert T. Volwiler, of Ohio University; and Professor Carl Wittke,

of the Ohio State University, to cooperate with the editor of the Society.

Two issues of the QUARTERLY under the new arrangement have appeared.

Mention should be made of Mr. Frederick Karl Machetanz who designed

the plate for the cover page of the QUARTERLY, and of the excellent work

of Mr. Clarence L. Weaver of the regular library staff of the Society

who carries the additional responsibility of editorial assistant. The Society

has also been able to arrange for the publication of two volumes in the

Collections series during the year without cost to the Society. These volumes

Frontier Ohio, 1788-1803, by Dr. Randolph C. Downes, and Robert Hamil-

ton Bishop, by James H. Rodabaugh, have just been  issued and are now

available at $2.50 per volume.

During the year reprints have been issued from the regular issues of

the QUARTERLY as follows:

"Seth Adams--a Pioneer Ohio Shepherd," by Charles S. Plumb.

PROCEEDINGS                           359

"Mill Creek Park and the Source of Mill Creek," by Charles B.

Galbreath.

History of the Underground Railroad at Mechanicsburg," by Ralph

M. Watts.

"Charles Hammond, the First Great Journalist of the Old Northwest,"

by Francis P. Weisenburger.

"The Finns in Ohio," by Eugene Van Cleef.

"The Naming of Cincinnati," by Edgar Erskine Hume.

The Society has adopted a policy by which reprints pay for them

selves.

Appropriations for printing have been barely adequate for issuing our

regular periodical publications for the past four years and there is no pros-

pect for an increase for the next biennium. It is hoped that provision will

be made at the first possible opportunity for sufficient funds to issue at

least one volume each year in the new Collections series. Much valuable

Ohio material is available which probably never will be published unless

such provision is made.

The Library.

The activities of the Library during the last year have been quite

varied. Plans were made soon after the last annual meeting for rearranging

the regular reading room and book stack section of the Library so as to

effect a more systematic arrangement and give better facilities for the

patrons of the Library. In accomplishing this every book was handled

and cleaned.

While the Library fund for 1934 was very meager, yet by means of

exchanges and gifts 1406 volumes were added to the Library collection of

books. Of these 384 were purchased, 232 were secured by exchange, and

790 were gifts.

Among the gifts to the Library the following deserve special mention:

Two hundred sixteen volumes of early Ohio school books, presented

by Mr. John R. Horst, chairman, Committee on Early Ohio School Books.

One hundred fourteen volumes on the history of the Quakers and

memoirs of men connected with the early Quaker life in Pennsylvania, pre-

sented by the Friends Library, Swarthmore College.

Twenty volumes of early school books--several bear an Ohio imprint--

presented by Mr. Eli Gabriel, historical writer for the Union County

Journal, Marysville, Ohio.

Three books written and presented by Mrs. Caroline Ransom Wil-

liams, Toledo, Ohio.

The Washington Ancestry [(Greenfield, Ohio, 1932)]--three volumes

by Charles Arthur Hoppin, presented by Mr. Edward L. McClain, Green-

field, Ohio.

The George Washington Atlas [(Washington, 1932)], presented by

the George Washington Bicentennial Commission, Washington, D. C.

Redman Echoes [(Los Angeles, 1933)]--comprising the writings of

Chief Buffalo Long Lance (principal speaker at the annual meeting in

1924) and biographical sketches by his friends--presented by the compiler,

Roberta Forsberg.

"The Story of Ohio" (photographs of the historical windows of the

Lazarus 83rd anniversary) presented by the F. & R. Lazarus & Company.

In the purchase of material for the Library, the emphasis has been

placed on rare and out of print Ohio material.

By means of exchange the Library has added approximately 4000

360     OHIO ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

items, mostly individual copies of old newspapers. Had the exchange addi-

tions to the Library and Newspaper Collections been paid for in cash

through the regular trade channels the cost would have been at least

$2000.00.

The Library is receiving regularly 297 periodicals of which number

200 are obtained on exchange account, sixty-two as gifts, and thirty-five as

paid subscriptions. The Society now has about 700 volumes of unbound

periodicals ready for the bindery, but with no funds available for their

binding.

Three outstanding collections of manuscript material have been added

during the year: The Charles Hammond Collection of letters numbering

293 items; the Gallaher collection of letters, manuscripts, maps, pamphlets

and books containing over 1000 letters and manuscripts pertaining to Mari-

etta and the Old Northwest, 600 of which are Woodbridge-Blennerhassett

letters; and the complete collection of official minutes, correspondence, etc.

of the Perry's Victory Memorial Commission.

During the year the miscellaneous manuscript collection of the So-

ciety has for the first time been assorted and arranged for practical use.

The State Archives Division of the Library has been receiving much

attention under the immediate direction of Dr. William D. Overman,

curator of history, who is a recognized authority on archive administration.

With the help of two graduate students from Ohio State University a

good beginning has been made in organizing this valuable historical ma-

terial so as to be of great usefulness both to the public officials of the

State and to the people at large.

The Newspaper Division of the Library continues to be one of in-

creasing interest and value. During the year 1,270 volumes were added to

the collection. At the present time we are receiving eighty-six current

papers, and plans are being made to secure at least one current paper from

each county in the State. The Newspaper Division is in almost constant

use and is growing in value and efficiency all the time. The collection now

embraces approximately 35,000 volumes. In connection with the Library's

development mention should be made of the assistance secured for the

Society through FERA channels. Through the Franklin County organiza-

tion the Library has had the services of two capable men for twenty-one

hours each per week since last September and recently two others were

added who will be available until July. As a result of this help all the

duplicate collection of about 3000 volumes has been checked, classified and

partially listed for final disposition. Through cooperation with Ohio State

University, the Society has had the help of a group of students on student

FERA basis since the opening of the University year. This number be-

ginning in October with nine has gradually increased until we now have

nineteen. These students work on the average of about two hours per day

and the total value of their time for the year will aggregate $1932.00.

While all departments of the Society have shared in this help, yet a large

part of the service has been rendered in the Library.

The D. A. R. of Ohio has made the Library the depository of about

450,000 name cards of persons secured from local histories, for use pri-

marily in genealogical research, the D. A. R. bearing a major part of the

cost of library equipment for filing these. Two University students have

been giving their full quota of time to this work under the supervision of

a regular member of the Library staff.

In spite of the many inconveniences occasioned by a reduced budget

PROCEEDINGS                      361

over former years, yet with the help obtained through these channels our

work has continued in a very satisfactory manner for which we are very

thankful.

Respectfully submitted,

HARLOW LINDLEY, Secretary.

MR. JOHNSON: You have heard the report of the secretary,

editor, and librarian. I think you will feel a good deal of satis-

faction in the tremendous progress that has been made in this

particular department of the institution, especially in the matter

of library development and the acquisition of priceless books,

papers, manuscripts, etc. I believe that this is work which the

Society will do well to push with all of its vigor, to obtain as

much money and funds for that purpose as possible and to pursue

with that intelligence and technique which Mr. Lindley is giving

to the work as a worthy successor to the late Mr. Galbreath.

Now, I might say, the general policy of the institution has been

turning more to the development of the library side than to the

archaeological work, which formerly dominated the institution,

for the reason that the field exploration work in Ohio has been

completed, insofar as the spectacular side is concerned--that side

which appeals to the public interest. The research work is being

carried on, the study is being carried on, and should be, and we

have a tremendous quantity of material on hand and the labora-

tory work is going forward and there is no neglect or recession

on that side. However, the development of the Library is the

main thing in my mind.

One thing we can look forward to is the completion of this

building. Preliminary steps have been taken to that end hoping

to secure some additional federal funds and possibly some State

aid. Not this year perhaps, but in the near future I hope to see

the completion of the quadrangle. I think we can look forward

to the completion of the building within a reasonable number of

years. Now, the report of the secretary, I take it, is automatically

reduced to print and will be published in due time. The next

item on the program is the report of the director, Mr. Shetrone.

362     OHIO ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

This report is intended to be nothing more than a brief summary of

activities of the director's office since the last previous Annual Meeting.

Details, as has been the custom for some time past, are reserved for the

Society's official records.

The past year has presented both problems and opportunities. Among

the problems may be mentioned the continued necessity of operating on

insufficient funds. Some degree of amelioration of the depression, together

with the fact that we are becoming accustomed to economizing, has enabled

us to emerge with much greater accomplishment than for the preceding year.

Had the demands upon the staff and its facilities remained unchanged,

the task would have been less difficult; but paradoxical as it may seem at

first thought, the industrial depression has engendered unprecedented use

of the Museum and its educational service. Circulating loan collections and

literature, addresses and lectures, radio talks, correspondence, requests for

information--all have been on a scale that has taxed the energies of the

staff. The important thing is that these demands for service, in some way,

have been satisfied.

The problem of decreasing membership, as a result of deaths and

inability of many individuals to accept membership or even to continue

existing memberships, had become increasingly alarming. Although not to

be considered as a financial asset, the plan of organization of the Society

does depend on membership for its success; for the prestige and justifica-

tion of its existence. Several plans for increasing membership had been

considered and some of them tried, with little result. For a time we felt,

and said, that with our limited personnel, nothing more could be done.

But something had to be done, and I believe we have discovered what it is.

Beginning in a modest way, and continuing as time permits, as a permanent

activity, we are selecting promising prospects, writing them individual let-

ters and sending them the little booklets describing the organization, its

aims and objectives. Although this plan has not been in operation long

enough to materially increase the membership rolls, it has stopped the gap

and started this basic need on an upward trend. Its continuation will

suffice until a much-needed addition to the staff, in the person of what might

be termed a membership and publicity secretary, can be had.

In this connection, I cannot refrain from speaking briefly about

publicity. While the term may sound objectionable, and may be so if

carried beyond reason, we should realize without further delay that to an

organization such as this, it is an absolute essential. Our public is too

widely scattered to learn and know of us, without adequate planned publicity.

In the maze of activities characteristic of today, either we go to the people

or we remain unknown. The press of the State and particularly the local

press, has been most liberal with us, and I voice a vote of thanks to them.

It is increasingly evident that the Ohio State Museum and Library is a rich

source of legitimate news and feature matter, if provision can be made to

insure its availability.

The biennial problem of making the acquaintance of a new Legislature

this past year again has presented itself. With many strangers enrolled on

its membership list, and with no assurance as to their appreciation of, or

acquaintance with the Society's program, it was decided to proceed in a

more orderly manner than heretofore has obtained. Personal letters of a

congratulatory nature, together with invitations to visit the Museum and

expressed hopes that they might find the organization both helpful and

worthy of their support, were mailed to all members of both houses. Every

PROCEEDINGS                          363

effort was made to effect personal acquaintance with as many members as

possible and to render them any assistance which properly might fall within

the province of the Society. Members and trustees alike gave their assist-

ance in this effort to place before the lawmakers the merits of the institu-

tion, care being taken in every instance to refrain from untoward influence.

An unsolicited friendly word to the administration from one of our members

in the federal service has been not the least of our many aids. The Chief

Executive, his Department of Finance, and the members of the Legislature,

all have been most friendly, and while the final budget is not yet law, we

have every reason to feel that the Society will share fairly with other State

institutions in what of necessity must be a somewhat limited budget.

It would be unfair to refrain from some brief reference to the several

departments of the Museum, even at the expense of imposing upon your

patience. The Department of Archaeology--properly mentioned first, since

it is the oldest child of the organization--has shown accomplishment under

limitations. Curator [Emerson F.] Greenman, with no assistance other

than a recent student FERA project, and the voluntary unpaid aid of Mrs.

Paul Bogotay and Robert Benton. Although no funds were available for

exploration, Dr. Greenman has examined several minor sites, has written

two reports of previous explorations for the QUARTERLY, has compiled new

guidebooks for Fort Ancient and Serpent Mound; has photographed and

recorded numerous prehistoric remains, and has compiled important card

indexes and other information concerning Ohio Indian tribes, Hopewell

culture sites, etc., etc. Perhaps the most pretentious undertaking of the

department has been the task of assembling in study collection form all

surplus archaeological material, thus making it available for students and

specialists.

The Department of History, under Curator [William D.] Overman,

is rapidly coming to the front. With the exacting precedent set by his

predecessor, he has been indefatigable in his efforts, sharing his time be-

tween the department proper and the State Archives. During his brief in-

cumbency, he has prepared 100 sets of a Historical Loan Collection of

pertinent photographs for use of the public schools, together with an Index

to Materials for the Study of Ohio History. This index, published in the

January [1935] QUARTERLY, not only serves to accompany the loan col-

lections, but is of great assistance to the student of Ohio history, whoever

he may be. Great demand is made upon his time in assisting those inter-

ested in historical research. He also writes book reviews for the QUARTERLY

and prepares a column for Museum Echoes.

The Department of Natural History, Edward S. Thomas, curator, al-

though deprived of any assistance other than a student project, has func-

tioned to the limits of its resources. In addition to the usual careful research,

valuable additions have been made to the Museum Collections, particularly

of material used in the Loan Collections. Use of the department by school

classes, both of material and of lectures and talks on natural history, is

markedly on the increase. Timely articles on pertinent subjects appear in

the Society's publications.

The Department of Parks has been ably conducted by Curator

[Harry R.] McPherson and his assistant, Erwin C. Zepp. With three

C. C. C. camps and numerous other relief projects in the thirty-six parks

in the custody of the Society, the energies of these two staff members have

been sorely tried during the past year. Despite early criticisms, inevitable

under the tremendous burden of duties imposed upon them, they have

succeeded in placing the park custodianship of the Society upon a high

364     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

plane, with increasing approval both of federal and State authorities. By

taking advantage of relief funds and by careful procedure in the interest

of permanent assets, many thousands of dollars of improvements have been

added to the areas under development, and public use and appreciation of

State parks has been greatly augmented.

The director, heads of departments and staff members alike have re-

sponded freely to requests for addresses and for similar educational services.

Special credit is due Mr. H[oward] R. Goodwin, registrar; Mrs.

Irene Stahl, bookkeeper; and James S. Waite, cabinetmaker, for efficient

service; to Mrs. [Winnie N.] Waite, the director's secretary, for remember-

ing and doing everything which the director forgets; and to Mr. S[terling]

L. Eaton, building superintendent, and his staff, for supplying the Museum

building with the reputation of the best kept building in Columbus.

This brief report would be incomplete should it fail to acknowledge

the fine cooperation of Ohio State University and its several departments.

The University, I feel, is one of the Society's most important aids.

H. C. SHETRONE, Director.

REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR

During the past year additions have been made to collections already

recorded, also there are a number of new accessions which, unless otherwise

noted, are gifts.

In addition to the regular catalog of Museum accessions, a classified

card index is being prepared which will facilitate the location of the great

amount of material in storage as well as on exhibition.

List of accessions during past year:

Specimens of "linsey-woolsey" and sea shells, Mrs. Mary L. Treadway,

Columbus.

Potsherds from near Gartner Village Site, Albert C. Spetnagel, Chillicothe.

Leather boots, hand made, Dr. E. F. Greenman, Columbus, loan.

Doll, cradle, and carriage, Mrs. Lester Hamilton, Columbus, loan.

Churn, barrel type, Adolphus G. Williams, Columbus.

Reticule of 1820 and small tray, Mrs. James Richardson, Wilmington.

Parlor organ, Mrs. J. C. Starrett, Columbus.

Picture, Col. Daniel Boone, R. N. Mayfield, Seattle, Washington.

Tool for splitting shingles, Dr. W. D. Overman, Columbus.

Bust of James A. Garfield, and camp stove, Dr. Harlow Lindley, Columbus.

Stone axe, Mrs. Clyde Shipe, Columbus, loan.

Corn sheller, made by Jacob Parkinson, Maple Valley Farm, Adena, Ohio,

about 1850.

Obsidian and opalite, Oregon, P. L. Forbes, Stauffer, Oregon.

Cobbler's tools, Frank T. Wells, Columbus.

Archaeological specimens, Bell, Phelps & Aronhalt, Marion, exchange.

Camera, from Washington Gladden home, Columbus.

Arrowheads, C. L. Kulp.

Petrified wood, E. T. Smeltz, Pullman, Washington.

Radio set, 1921, Howard T. Bryan, Delaware.

Silk cocoons and silk floss, Robert G. Long, Columbus.

Historical specimens, Miss Grace M. Bareis, Canal Winchester.

Civil War Medals, Miss Minnie Bell, Toronto, Canada.

Flint from Spellman Mound, field work, September, 1934.

Picture, James A. Garfield, Don Stratton, Columbus, loan.

PROCEEDINGS                           365

Archaeological specimens from European sites, Dr. Harvey Walker, Co-

lumbus.

Picture of Abraham Lincoln, Mrs. F. T. Randall, Eaton.

Archaeological specimens, purchase.

Arrowpoint, Thomas Porter, Frankfort.

Pipe, prehistoric, owl effigy, Howard Hamilton, Kelley's Island, loan.

Desk of Governor Andrew L. Harris, Mrs. Walter G. Harris.

Old trunk, Mrs. James M. King, Columbus.

Pipe, prehistoric, purchase.

Quartz enclosing Tourmaline, exchange.

Iron from old Ohio furnace, Mostyn Jones, Oak Hill.

Ancient Roman coins, George Bauer, Rochester, New York.

Grass belt, New Guinea, William Sodt, Bexley.

Grain cradle, Paul Harsha, Hillsboro.

Glass blower's tools, and literature pertaining to same, Joseph Slight, Co-

lumbus.

Tea kettle, copper, John Seip, Chillicothe.

Figurine, porcelain, Frank E. Hill, Delaware.

Photo, officers of first Regiment O. V. Cavalry, 1861, Mrs. Laura E. Myers,

Wichita, Kansas.

Fire arms, six pieces, Walter E. Heightshoe, Columbus, loan.

Collection of Indian objects and photos, purchase.

Spearpoint, F. P. Mooney, Mt. Sterling.

Pikehead, Confederate, Professor C. H. Plumb, Ohio State University,

Columbus.

Archaeological specimens, B. F. Kelley, Washington C. H.

Stone celts, Dr. Sprague, Chauncy, exchange.

Derringer pistol, Paul W. Healy, Gallipolis, loan.

Doll cradle and charcoal iron of 1840, Mrs. G. L. Pugh, Radnor, loan.

Governor Brough family relics, Mrs. C. A. Simpson, Orange, New Jersey.

Greek flag, Governor George White, Marietta.

Miner's lamps, Mrs. O. S. Bennett, Jackson.

Train order, I. B. & W. R. R., Fred Coburn, Marion, loan.

C. D. & M. Electric Co., miscellaneous, John H. Miller, Marion.

Flax hackle on stand, C. C. Parret and Anna Parret McCoy, Washing-

ton C. H.

Railroad passes, H. C. Paddock, Marion, loan.

Signal flags, Battery C, 134 Field Light Artillery, World War relics.

"Columbus Platter," China platter with view of Columbus, W. H. Harrison,

Columbus.

Dummy musket, used at Camp Sherman, Martha Trimble Bennett, Chilli-

cothe.

Land grants and bills of sale for slaves, Mrs. Otway Dunlap, Worthington.

Poster, H. A. Brand, Cincinnati.

Drill core, Mrs. R. B. Cramer, Columbus.

Medals, land grant, paper money, etc., C. M. Smith, Columbus.

Link and pin car coupling, M. S. Connors, Columbus.

Portrait of Elder Isaac N. Walters, bequest of late Mrs. W. B. Sells,

Columbus.

Bass drum of 166th Infantry, A. E. F., Willard R. Sands, Columbus.

Mill picks, from Good Intent Mill, near Millport, Ohio, Ezra Campbell,

Circleville.

HOWARD R. GOODWIN, Registrar.

366     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

MR. JOHNSON: The report of the director was about what

we might have expected--the report of continuous progress

speeded up. I think we can look forward to another year of

effort on the part of the director and the secretary-librarian for

accomplishments equally as great as this year, if not greater.

I think there has been no time in the history of the organization,

within my knowledge, when the prospects for the future have

been as glowing as they are at the present time in the midst of

this depression elsewhere. We now will have the report of the

treasurer, Mr. Miller:

A RECAPITULATION OF THE REPORT OF THE TREASURER

OF THE OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORI-

CAL SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1934

Receipts:

Cash on Hand, January 1, 1934 ........           $6,207.00

Society Cash receipts:

Annual Memberships ..............                     $370.10

Sustaining Members ..............                       40.00

Junior Members ..................                         2.00

Life  Members ....................                         125.00

Subscriptions ....................                           37.50

Special Subscription--D. A. R....                   250.00

Books  Sold ......................                           479.00

Interest Permanent Fund.........                     986.00

Interest Fallen Timbers Fund .....                  26.31

Fallen Timbers Fund.............                        5.00

Refunds Cash Advanced..........                      765.03

Refunds Expenses ................                        54.11

Rental from Golf Course on Octa-

gon State Park ground.......     925.00   4,065.05

State Appropriations:

House Bill 699--1933 Balance.....    9,237.69

House Bill 699--1934............. 87,025.00

Emergency Allotments ............   1,007.60

Total State Appropriation..... $97,270.29

LESS Lapse of Appropriation     5,422.38 91,847.91

GRAND TOTAL RECEIPTS .................$102,119.96

Disbursements:

Museum and Library ................. $56,957.17

Big Bottom  ..........................                             197.72

Buffington Island Memorial...........                      404.41

PROCEEDINGS                            367

Campbell Memorial ...................                    59.81

Campus Martius ......................                          3,155.97

Custer Memorial .....................                          177.49

Fallen Timbers .......................                           1,210.32

Fort   Amanda .........................                         615.51

Fort   Ancient .........................                          3,011.70

Fort   Jefferson........................                          114.88

Fort Laurens ........................                             2,275.68

Fort   St.     Clair ........................                       2,832.99

Logan         Elm                                                 ...........................    421.74

Miamisburg Mound ...................                        174.97

M ound  City ..........................                          2,367.76

Schoenbrunn Memorial ................                     2,809.41

Seip  M ound ..........................                           400.59

Serpent  Mound .......................                         3,141.06

Hayes Memorial (Spiegel Grove) .....                  7,240.38

Williamson Mound ....................                        174.94

Grant Memorial ......................                          1,929.42

Mound Builders Park ................                         1,211.59

Harrison Memorial ..................                         1,210.26

Fort  Recovery ........................                          274.97

George Rogers Clark Monument ......                 99.99

Gnadenhutten .......................                            645.30

Inscription  Rock ......................                        199.83

Fort  H ill ............................                              748.60

Octagon State Park ..................                         1,131.70

TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS........ $95,196.16

PLUS    Cash advances refunded by State......     752.77

GRAND     TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS........ $95,948.93

BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 1934............. $6,171.03

Cash on Hand December 31, 1934:

Current Fund Cash ............................ $3,046.03

Current Fund Invested .........................              3,000.00

Cash transferred to Permanent Fund............      125.00

TOTAL CASH       ON HAND................... $6,171.03

Permanent Fund December 31, 1934 ............. $25,825.00

Respectfully submitted,

O. F. MILLER, Treasurer.

For more complete detail see Report of Audit made Decem-

ber 31, 1934, by W. D. Wall, Certified Public Accountant.

368     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

REPORT OF AUDIT

COLUMBUS, OHIO

April 13, 1935.

MR. O. F. MILLER, TREASURER,

THE OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL & HISTORICAL SOCIETY

COLUMBUS, OHIO

DEAR SIR:

Having completed our annual audit of the books of account of The

Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society for the year ended De-

cember 31, 1934, we present our report herewith.

From the schedule of the Society's Receipts and Disbursements,

page 2, will be noted total receipts collected during the year of $4,065.05

as compared with a total of $3,537.15 in 1933, an increase of $527.90. Of

this total, however, $1,069.14 represented refunds, leaving a balance of

$2,995.91 from income sources. The Society disbursed from its own funds

$6,473.25 and advanced $752.77 for expenses, of which $695.03 was refunded

by the State, leaving a balance of $57.74 due on advances, while $125.00

was transferred to the Permanent Fund.

Out of the State Appropriation (H. B. 699) for 1933 a balance

existed   of ................................................  $9,237.69

The 1934 appropriation provided in H. B. 699 amounted to...... 87,025.00

Emergency allotments were made to the amount of.............   1,007.60

Total Available  for  1934 .............................. $97,270.29

Expended  During  1934 .......................................  91,847.91

Balance of Appropriations Lapsed ..................... $5,422.38

At the close of the year, the Current Fund totaled .............. $8,046.03

As compared with that of a year ago of ........................                              8,207.00

A   decrease  of ................................................                                           $160.97

representing the excess of current expenditures over receipts for the year.

The above balance of current funds is as follows allocable to the

following purposes:

General  Current  Fund ........................................                                        $6,392.91

Battlefield of Fallen Timbers Special Fund ....................                              1,438.17

Octagon State Park Rental Fund ..............................                                   214.95

Total  as  above.......................................                                     $8,046.03

The Permanent Fund was increased by $125.00 to a total of $27,825.00.

The total of funds controlled by the Society at December 31, 1934,

was $33,928.77 as detailed in schedule on page 6.

The balance in the Treasurer's checking account of $2,561.03 is sup-

ported by statement of The Ohio National Bank--Citizens Office, no

checks being outstanding against the account.

The Society's accounting records were found to be in good order.

Expressing our appreciation for the courtesies extended us during

the course of our work and with best wishes for the Society, this report is

Respectfully submitted,

W. D. WALL, Certified Public Accountant.

PROCEEDINGS                        369

MR. JOHNSON: The detailed report of the certified ac-

countant will be found in the QUARTERLY in due time. Are

there any questions that you wish to ask our treasurer about the

funds of the Society? If not, we will pass to the next item of

business.

I think it might be well, first, to take up the matter of the

election of the trustees. As suggested in the secretary's report

there are three terms of trustees expiring and there is one occa-

sioned by the death of Miss Helen Bareis. I will appoint a

Nominating Committee consisting of Dudley T. Fisher, Sr.,

Joseph C. Goodman, and Iowa Smith, and will ask the three

gentlemen to retire and make their nominations. Is there any

other item of business? I see Mr. James of Urbana in the

audience. I think Mr. James ought to come up here and tell us

something interesting.  I think you have a matter concerning

which you wrote me, Mr. James.

MR. JAMES: I did write to you and to Dr. Lindley and first

let me say that you have taken me entirely by surprise and off

my guard. What Mr. Johnson has in mind is that I wrote to

him in recent weeks telling him of the desire of Mrs. James who

made a portrait of Mr. Galbreath some years ago when he was a

visitor in our home to give it to the Society. It gave her real

pleasure to make the portrait and there was real pleasure in hav-

ing him as a guest in our home. We had a real feeling and real

admiration for Galbreath and his scholarly habit of mind and his

fully developed sense of the importance of the preservation of

historical documents. I have brought with me today this portrait

which is done in red chalk and light pastels. I have with me a

little note of presentation which with your permission I will

read:

THE OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY,

GENTLEMEN:

Coming to the time of year when Mr. James and I remember most

happily the visit we made to your annual meeting with the presence of

Mr. Galbreath so shiningly and charmingly uniting every phase of that

wonderful day, I wish to commemorate in some manner the gentle, inspiring

and instructive things you as a body and he as your officer have done for us.

May you be moved therefore to accept the portrait which I made of

370    OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

him about that time. It is intended to show his prophetic and poetic nature

by which he saw through so many clouded, haphazard, and it might seem

indiscriminate moments of our State history and our community changes,

getting some steady tale of usefulness out of them all.

Hoping that it will not much encumber your Society to receive it,

and with more gratitude than a chalk drawing can say, I am

Very respectfully and sincerely yours,

(Signed) ALICE ARCHER SEWALL JAMES.

April 3, 1935.

With your permission, I will bring the portrait in.

MR. JOHNSON: If you will, please. Until a more fitting

acceptance is prepared for Mrs. James please accept the thanks

of the Society and its officers for this splendid presentation for

which we will have a very proper place in the Library of the

Society. Mr. James, I wonder if you would object if some of

our nice newspaper people would have something to say about

you and take a picture of you.

MR. JAMES: I find myself covered with confusion.

MR. JOHNSON: Well, the newspaper people will take away

the confusion and make a good picture if you will give them a

few moments. Is the Nominating Committee ready to report?

Will the chairman of the Nominating Committee please make a

report?

MR. FISHER: Mr. President: Your Nominating Committee

has reviewed the situation and proposes the names of Dr. George

W. Rightmire, Harold T. Clark, Webb C. Hayes and Mrs. Orson

D. Dryer for the four places on the Board of Trustees, the latter

to complete the term of Miss Helen Bareis.

MR. JOHNSON: Are there any further nominations from the

floor? If not, does the Society wish to ballot filling these va-

cancies in the Board of Trustees? If there is no desire to ballot

does the Society wish to vote by acclamation?

MR. ROUSH: Mr. Chairman, I entertain a motion for the

election of the four trustees chosen by the nominating committee

to fill the vacancies in the Board of Trustees. I move that the nom-

inations be closed and the secretary be asked to cast the ballot.

PROCEEDINGS                         371

MR. JOHNSON: I have heard the motion. Is there a second?

Motion unanimously carried. The following have been elected

members of the Board of Trustees for the ensuing year: Dr.

George W. Rightmire, Mr. Harold T. Clark and Mr. Webb C.

Hayes, II, to succeed themselves, and Mrs. Orson D. Dryer to

succeed Miss Bareis. What other business is there?

DR. LINDLEY: You will note from the minutes that the trus-

tees of this Society took action some months ago favoring the

celebration of the establishment of civil government in the Old

Northwest and the founding of Marietta in 1788. Since that

time, and particularly on the suggestion of the Society, an or-

ganization has been effected and a representative of that organi-

zation is with us today, Mr. E. M. Hawes, and I would like to

have him make a brief statement as to plans that are being made

at this time.

Mr. Hawes outlined the tentative plans for the 150th anni-

versary of the passage of the Ordinance of 1787 and the estab-

lishment of civil government in the Old Northwest territory

which took place at Marietta in 1788. He told of the plans for

the occasion which had been presented to the President of the

United States and others in Washington, and explained why the

National Government should take the lead. In conclusion Mr.

Hawes presented the following resolution which was adopted:

WHEREAS, the Ordinance of 1787 and the establishment of the North-

west Territory were not only basic historic events to the State of Ohio and

to all the other states descending from that Territory, but have proved to

be among the most important governmental accomplishments in the life of

our nation, and,

WHEREAS, the fitting observance of the 150th anniversary of these

events, occurring in 1937 and 1938, appears to have a peculiarly timely value

in the present state of the nation,

Therefore be it Resolved by the Ohio State Archaeological and His-

torical Society, in convention at its 50th annual meeting, [that it] endorses

the idea of proper celebration by the nation and sincerely expresses the hopes

and requests that the National Congress and the legislatures of the states

directly involved will cooperate adequately to the purpose, and along ap-

proximately the lines of the plan prepared by the Temporary Committee of

Marietta, Ohio.

372    OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

MR. JOHNSON: You can see now what happens down at

Marietta when Mr. Hawes puts those big shoulders back of

something--it goes through. We want to support this thing and

I am sure that the Society will go right along with it. If there

is anything that we can do to assist in the enterprise we shall be

glad to do so.

DR. LINDLEY: We have a life member of Athens who has

been doing some very valuable research work in producing what

we might call source history of Ohio. Some of this work was

presented to the Legislature about six years ago and was approved

by the Legislature but for some cause or other the original plans

were not carried out. I mention this to show that his work has

had the attention of the State. This work consists of a series of

maps and official data of the action of the Legislature, showing

the evolution of Ohio from a geographical unit through the po-

litical organization of the counties down to the present county

boundaries. Mr. William E. Peters asked if he might have a

moment to present this. It is just the sort of thing I wish we

were able to present to the public. I think it fair that Mr. Peters

have an opportunity to let you know what he had done.

Mr. Peters presented a general outline of the book he has

prepared for publication with a sample of the maps to be in-

cluded.

MR. EAGLESON: May I ask, Mr. President, if he shows the

territory involved between the Michigan and Ohio lines?

MR. JOHNSON: No, that was a question involving the State

boundary line instead of the county. Is there any other matter

to come before this meeting?

DR. LINDLEY: You all have programs for the further ac-

tivities of the day. The afternoon session in this room begins at

two o'clock with Mr. Walter J. Sherman, president of the His-

torical Society of Northwestern Ohio, presiding at that session.

The evening session, as you will remember, will be in University

PROCEEDINGS                    373

Chapel at eight-fifteen. Reservations for the subscription dinner

at 6:30 at the Faculty Club have been made by Dr. Overman.

DR. OVERMAN: If any of you have failed to make reserva-

tions for the dinner because of the possibility of your not being

able to come, opportunity for securing tickets will be given

immediately after the close of this session.

DR. LINDLEY: I have some announcements. First I wish

to take this opportunity to make clear to members some informa-

tion that has already appeared in the QUARTERLY and Museum

Echoes with reference to the fact that the trustees have discon-

tinued the old series known as the Publications. Volume XXXIX

is the last bound volume of that series. These publications have

been nothing more than the binding of the Quarterlies which is a

duplication of expense and we thought this money could be used

to advantage in other publications. Arrangements have been

made to have these bound for $1.00 per volume in quantities.

Notice was given that there would be two bindings per year. If

the Quarterlies are sent here before the last of January and the

last of July they will be sent to the bindery the first of February

and the first of August. Now we are going to try this one more

time. Anyone who has volumes that you would like to have bound

this year please have them in the hands of the secretary by the

last of July. If the response is not sufficient to warrant two

orders per year this will be done each year on February 1st.

Now, in regard to some exhibits on the walls--they are the

result of one phase of cooperation between the Society and the

University. In all of these subjects the motifs have been secured

from material here in the Museum building.

Outside the door you will find a table with material for free

distribution--a semi-centennial gift to you. There is also a case

containing recent publications of the Society. Beyond the me-

morial rotunda you will see the cases arranged by Dr. Overman

relating to the history of this Society.

The Board of Trustees will meet in the trustees' office at

one o'clock.

The Society then adjourned to meet in general session for

374     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

the semi-centennial program at two o'clock. An abstract of the

minutes of the meeting of the Board of Trustees follows.

ABSTRACT OF THE MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE OHIO STATE

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY,

APRIL 23, 1935

The regular annual meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio State

Archaeological and Historical Society convened in the Trustees' Room of

the Ohio State Museum at 1 o'clock P. M., Tuesday, April 23, 1935, Mr.

Arthur C. Johnson, president, presiding.

The following members were present:      Messrs. Johnson, Sater,

Florence, Eagleson, Smith, Miller, Stout, Wolfe and Spetnagel. Director

Shetrone and Secretary Lindley were also present.

The reading of the minutes of the last meeting was dispensed with,

as copies had been sent to all of the members, but were approved.

No report of the Committee on the Galbreath Memorial was made

since the plaque was finished and the unveiling ceremonies were to take

place at the afternoon meeting of the Society.

The report of the Committee on Policy was postponed, to be taken up

at the next meeting.

Approval was given to the purchase of the Gallaher Collection of

manuscripts, maps and books from Charles Penrose of Marietta. Mr. John-

son stated he had taken it upon himself to authorize the purchase of the

collection. Mr. Sater moved that approval be given to the purchase, which

was seconded by Mr. Eagleson.

Acknowledgments from Miss Grace Bareis and the Hayes family, of

resolutions of sympathy and floral offerings, were read by the secretary.

The secretary reported concerning the will of the late Miss Elizabeth

McFarland of Oxford, who bequeathed the Society $1000 and an historical

painting.

The Board then proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing

year, as follows:

For President, Arthur C. Johnson, Sr.

First Vice-President, Freeman T. Eagleson.

Second Vice-President, Lowry Sater.

Secretary, Harlow Lindley.

Treasurer, O. F. Miller.

By motion of General Florence, seconded by Mr. Sater, all members

of the staff were re-elected.

Other matters presented for consideration not demanding immediate

attention were deferred to the next regular meeting of the Board of Trus-

tees which will occur Tuesday, July 23, 1935. The meeting then adjourned.

HARLOW LINDLEY, Secretary.

Afternoon Session--2:00 P. M.

The afternoon session of the annual meeting was called to

order by President Arthur C. Johnson, Sr., who introduced Mr.

Walter J. Sherman, president of the Historical Society of North-

western Ohio, as chairman. After brief introductory remarks by

PROCEEDINGS                           375

Mr. Sherman, a musical program of three numbers was given by

Mr. Franklin Price, of Circleville. He sang "Until," by Sander-

son; "Lift Thine Eyes," by Logan; and "To Horse, to Horse,"

by Stephens.

Following the musical program, Mr. John F. Carlisle gave

the following address appropriate to the occasion, his subject

being "The Society--a Half Century of Progress."

There are doubtless persons in this audience who have gathered here

as to their father's house. They salute their Society on its Fiftieth Anni-

versary with the prayer and confident hope that the life which now com-

pletes its half century may be as immortal as the aspirations of its founders.

History furnishes countless examples in every age of heroic achieve-

ment and great enterprise, in war and peace, wisely conducted to successful

issue, but the successes and accomplishments which we today remember and

celebrate are those which resurrect, preserve and make understandable the

past, and interpret, compare and evaluate for those of the present and future.

There are many names that rise to the lips this day. They are not

here, but their descendants are. Those who knew them, or have heard their

story from others who knew them, are here. Our hearts are full of their

memories and their works. Nor are we unmindful of those of the present

who continue to strive so nobly to preserve the legacies bequeathed to us

and carry on as of old the aims and purposes of our beloved Society.

We meet to celebrate the birth

Of her whose hand redeems the earth.

Her age today--half-hundred years,

As measured by the rolling spheres,

As measured by her works sublime

She grandly runs abreast of time.

The purpose declared by the founders March thirteenth, 1885, remains

at the end of fifty years exactly the same without change as at the begin-

ning. Section three of the Articles of Incorporation of the Ohio State

Archaeological and Historical Society is as follows:

Said Society is formed for the purpose of promoting a knowledge

of Archaeology and History, especially of Ohio, by establishing and main-

taining a library of books, manuscripts, maps, charts, etc., properly per-

taining thereto; a museum of pre-historic relics and natural or other

curiosities or specimens of art or nature promotive of the objects of the

Association -- said library and museum to be open to the public on rea-

sonable terms -- and by courses of lectures and publications of books,

papers and documents touching the subjects so specified, with power to

receive and hold gifts and devices of real and personal estate for the

benefit of such Society, and generally to exercise all the powers legally

and properly pertaining thereto.

Let us record the names of the Charter Members, the twenty-eight,

that signed the Incorporation Articles fifty years ago:

376     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

Allen G. Thurman                                     John E. Peaslee

Douglas Putnam                                       N. S. Townshend

John W. Andrews                                      D. H. Gard

S. S. Rickly                                                S. C. Derby

Hylas Sabine                                             James S. Robinson

E. B. Finley                                              Charles W. Bryant

Charles S. Wetmore                                  Albert A. Graham

William E. Moore                                     E. M. P. Brister

H. T. Chittenden                                      Beman Gates

H. A. Thompson                                      W. A. Schultz

W. P. Cutler                                             Alexis Cope

A. W. Jones                                              R. Brinkerhoff

John J. Janney                                           T. Ewing Miller

Israel W. Andrews                                     Henry B. Curtis

Not one of the Charter Members survive, the last to leave us being

the Honorable Daniel Hosmer Gard, he having passed away on the six-

teenth day of April 1925, ten years ago.

Grand the thought their purpose had;

Great its growth and progress spread;--

For man-made records give no age

That bears a brighter, purer page.

* * *

"It is with much pleasure," wrote Professor [Frederic Ward] Put-

nam of the famous Peabody Museum at Harvard, in reply to Professor

[George Frederick] Wright of Ohio State [University], "that I learn from

your letter that at last there is hope of some action being taken by the

Archaeological Society of Ohio to induce the State to provide for the pro-

tection of the more important of the ancient monuments within her borders,

works which all students of American archaeology know to be as important

to the history of America as the pyramids of the Nile valley are to that of

Egypt. . . . The State of Ohio has an important trust in her keeping,

and one which has been neglected too long."1

This letter was written from Cambridge to Columbus February 10,

1885, the year of the incorporation of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical

Society. Professor Putnam voiced a truth that had long been known to

students, and after opening his letter with the emphatic statement quoted

above, he went on to give some instances of famous mounds and earthworks,

suffering from the most deplorable neglect. Since the time that Professor

Putnam wrote, however, as all the members of the Society and others are

well aware, wonderful work has been done, first, in acquiring, second, in

preserving these unique relics of the past, and classifying and arranging

them. In the earliest days of Ohio's history, long before it acquired its

present formal boundaries, the State was the trapping and exploration

ground of French voyageurs and of the few hardy pioneers, often of Scotch-

Irish descent, who ventured directly across the Alleghanies. After the

dark days of the Revolution, and the eventful and stirring days of territorial

existence, in 1803, Ohio finally became a state.

In view of her central location, and her importance as a battleground

1 "Importance of the Study of Archaeology in Ohio," in Ohio State Archaeo-

logical and Historical Society Quarterly (Columbus, Ohio, 1887-). I (1887), 55-56.

PROCEEDINGS                          377

of war and politics, it was only natural that certain citizens of Ohio should

feel very early the values of collecting and preserving the records of their

State. This commendable desire seems to have first found expression as

early as 1822. On February first of that year, the General Assembly passed

an act incorporating the Historical Society of Ohio. Unfortunately, this

early effort accomplished only the maintenance of a precarious existence

for a few years, and the publication of a volume on pioneer history by the

well known historian, S. P. Hildreth of Marietta, Ohio. After this the

Society faded completely away.

The next early effort was the formation, on February 11, 1831, of the

Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, at the Court House in Co-

lumbus. For a year or two this body published a Journal and Transactions,

but in 1848, changed its place of residence to Cincinnati.

In the meantime, five local societies had sprung up during the years

1838-1844. But the mud roads and difficulties of early travel hampered the

development of any central organization, yet the difficulties of travel did

not prevent one historian from spending the years 1840 to 1847 in journey-

ing over several states. "I was a conspicuous object," said Henry Howe

of these early days of his, "with my knapsack strapped to my horse, long

hair streaming from behind my cap, and a pair of scarlet leggings covering

my limbs from ankle to thigh." The readiness of people to help him on his

way was itself an evidence of increasing interest in things historical; and by

1887 the revived Society, so to speak, was able to list more than 150 private

collections of archaeological and historical relics in the State, as well as

nineteen flourishing local societies. But all this time, the need of a per-

manent central Society was strongly felt by devotees of history and

archaeology, and by patriotic citizens interested in their own State. Such

interest was finally shown by the issue from Mansfield on August 5, 1875,

of a call for a convention to form a new organization.

The invitation showed a keen appreciation of the situation, noting three

things, as follows: (1) that Ohio presented one of the richest archaeological

fields in the country, (2) that the State had no well recognized system of

research, (3) in other parts of the country, great expense and labor was

being devoted to investigations such as were needed in Ohio.

The Ohio Archaeological Convention was accordingly held in Mansfield

September 1, and 2, 1875. About fifty delegates registered. General Roeliff

Brinkerhoff of Mansfield read the address of welcome, stressing the sub-

ject very picturesquely when he said, "The pre-historic man knew a good

country just as well as we do, and hence "The made Ohio and the Ohio Val-

ley the home of teeming populations."  The Reverend Mr. S. D. Peet of

Ashtabula County followed with a technical talk on the tests for determin-

ing the origin of prehistoric races in America; and Isaac Smucker of

Licking County spoke interestingly on the mounds and earthworks of that

county.

On the second day they organized the State Archaeological Association

of Ohio.   General Brinkerhoff was chosen president, with eight vice-

presidents in different parts of the State, including Hon. John Sherman of

Mansfield, and N. S. Townshend of Columbus for secretary, M. Hensel

for treasurer and J. H., Klippart of Columbus for librarian; and among

the trustees were Dr. Edward Orton of Columbus, Joseph S. Cox of Cin-

cinnati, and C. C. Baldwin of Cleveland. The president in announcing the

adjournment, congratulated the organization upon the success of its initiatory

meeting and the flattering prospects for the future. The Association se-

cured from the Legislature an appropriation of $2,500 for an exhibit at the

378     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. But the new organization was feeble,

and was kept alive perhaps only through the initiative of Professor John T.

Short of the Ohio State University, who served as secretary of the Associa-

tion until his death on November 11, 1883. After this, the Association

became practically inoperative.

On the evening of February 12, 1885, a few gentlemen met at the

secretary of state's office in Columbus, to discuss the matter of a revival

of the Ohio Archaeological Association, whose operations had been sus-

pended since the death of its last secretary, Professor John T. Short. A

meeting was accordingly called and held in Ohio's State Library March

twelfth and thirteenth, on which days addresses were made by General

Roeliff Brinkerhoff of Mansfield, I. W. Andrews, and W. P. Cutler of

Marietta.

The Society was organized March 13, the trustees and officers elected,

and 200 applications for membership received.

The first officers were:

President, Allen G. Thurman ................................Columbus

First Vice-President, Henry B. Curtis ...................Mount Vernon

Second Vice-President, General Roeliff Brinkerhoff ............Mansfield

Secretary and Librarian, Albert A. Graham ................... Columbus

Treasurer, Henry T. Chittenden .............................Columbus

The first trustees were:

(for one year)                    (for two years)

A. W. Jones, Youngstown                         W. P. Cutler, Marietta

Hylas Sabine, Richwood                            T. Ewing Miller, Columbus

H. A. Thompson, Westerville                  W. E. Moore, Columbus

Israel W. Andrews, Marietta                     N. S. Townshend, Columbus

James S. Robinson, Kenton.                      H. T. Chittenden, Columbus.

(for three years)

Allen G. Thurman, Columbus

Douglas Putnam, Marietta

John W. Andrews, Columbus

Henry B. Curtis, Mount Vernon

Roeliff Brinkerhoff, Mansfield.

Much of the success of the new Society depended upon the public sup-

port and interest aroused ....

Two centennial celebrations in the late 'eighties must also have helped

to awaken an interest in Ohio's early days. In 1887 the Washington County

Pioneer Association invited the Society to hold its annual meeting in Steu-

benville. The Society did so and incidentally under its auspices it partici-

pated in a splendid way in the centennial anniversary of the Northwest

Territory settlement of Marietta. Speeches were delivered by F. C. Ses-

sions, president of our Society, and Judge Joseph Cox of Cincinnati, ex-

President Rutherford B. Hayes, Professor F. W. Putnam and the Hon.

George F. Hoar of Massachusetts to an audience which crowded the City

Hall of Marietta to its utmost capacity. Besides the citizens, delegates of

various State historical societies attended as well as representatives from

the American Historical Association.

On October sixteenth to nineteenth, 1890, the centennial of the settle-

ment of Gallipolis was commemorated with elaborate displays,, meetings in

PROCEEDINGS                           379

churches and the opera house, a grand parade and reception, and an interest-

ing display of relics.

On April 28, 1890, the Ohio Legislature passed a statute "To provide

for the Preservation of Fort Ancient." A sum of money was given and

later further appropriations were made, while the Society in two large

purchases was enabled to secure the necessary land overlooking the little

Miami River in the section. Fort Ancient in Warren County is one of

the most striking monuments of Ohio's prehistoric period, and Warren King

Moorehead, finding the fort in good condition, wrote, "One may see that

time, recognizing its importance and interest to archeologists, has dealt

gently with it."2 So well preserved were 18,712 feet of embankment that

less than 300 feet had weathered away.

In 1889 the Society was given quarters on the third floor of the State

House, through the courtesy of Adjutant General H. A. Axline. "Though

somewhat out of the way and not well lighted," wrote Secretary Graham,

"still it is all that can be had now." Cases were set up and colored charts

and paintings hung on the walls and the collection had already an important

beginning.

The Society had been holding regular meetings meanwhile, such as

those on February 23, 1887, when President Sessions spoke informatively

and entertainingly on the "History and Prospects of the Society," which

he said owed its actual birth to the impetus given to historical study by the

Centennial Exposition of 1876. At this time the Society had 290 members

and in June 1887, published its first QUARTERLY, the second following in

September 1887, and the third in December 1887. Mr. Sessions, as noted

was now president, General Brinkerhoff and William E. Moore the vice-

presidents, A. A. Graham, secretary, and S. S. Rickly, treasurer.

The Sixth Annual Meeting February 18-19, 1891, in Columbus, must

have been a stimulating event. Among others present were the peripatetic

historian, Henry Howe, Dr. Edward Orton, Claude Meeker (private sec-

retary to Governor James E. Campbell), and Dr. William Oxley Thomp-

son. It was at the banquet in February, moreover, that General Brinkerhoff

delivered his toast to the "Seven Sons" of Ohio. He had not prepared a

speech and when called upon he hit upon the happy idea of commemorating

Ohio's distinguished sons by a group of statuary at the Chicago Fair,

which idea was later executed and now stands in the State House grounds

under the caption "These Are My Jewels."

The government of the Society was changed but once in all the fifty

years. In the beginning it was vested in a Board of fifteen trustees all of

whom were elected by the Society, divided into three classes, five to be

elected each year and serve for three years. Up to April 16, 1891, our

Society was a private corporation not for profit. By the year 1891 Ohio

recognized the great part in the life of the State the Society was playing

and the feeling had become general that the State should not only take a

part in the government of but also it should give material help and support

to the aims and purposes of the Society. Thereupon the General Assembly

of Ohio adopted the following enactment:

The governor is hereby authorized and directed to appoint as mem-

bers of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical

Society, six (6) persons to serve without compensation as follows--two

for the term of one year, two for the term of two years, and two for

the term of three years, from the ninth day of February, 1891, and

2 Warren King Moorehead, "A Description of Fort Ancient," ibid., IV (1895),

862.

380     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

annually thereafter to appoint two persons as said board for the term of

three years.³

In addition to the fifteen trustees the governor of Ohio and the State

director of education serve ex-officio.

The constitution of the Society was amended accordingly, and since

1891 nine of our trustees are elected by the membership and six are ap-

pointed by the governor of Ohio. It is not saying too much to record that

our Society is a real public institution in more than one sense.

On March twenty-fifth of the next year, 1892, President Sessions

passed away, and his passing was made the subject of an eloquent memorial

address by Dr. Washington Gladden. "All things pure and honorable . . .

have lost a strong helper,"⁴ said the noted minister in concluding his

address. On January 17, 1893, Dr. Gladden was called upon to preach the

funeral service of our third president, Rutherford B. Hayes, a former Chief

Executive of the United States. Referring to the popular qualities of

William Pitt of England, Dr. Gladden said, "Our own great Commoner

has won the title by the same qualities. He, too, was essentially and pre-

eminently a man of the people."⁵

The Society, which these men had created and given their best efforts,

continued to progress.  In the Tenth Annual Report, Treasurer S. S.

Rickly showed that the organization was getting along without debt on

a modest budget of $4,082. In 1893 the Society under the supervision of

Secretary Graham had an extensive exhibit at the Columbian Exposition

at Chicago. Hon. Daniel J. Ryan of the Society was Ohio's State Com-

missioner in charge of the exhibit, the Legislature having appropriated

$3,000 for the purpose. As public confidence in the work grew, relics

began to flow to our doors. In August of 1894 the well known oil painting

by the artist Phil Clover depicting the landing of pioneers at Marietta,

came to us on its return from the Columbian Exposition....

At a banquet held in February 1895 during the Tenth Annual Meet-

ing of the Society, President William H. Scott of the Ohio State Univer-

sity told the story of two scholarly but rather lonesome old gentlemen.

Mr. R. K. Ology and Mr. H. I. Story, who one day wandered into the

State Capitol asking for lodging. A small space was reluctantly given

them, said Dr. Scott, but the two strangers soon found themselves once

more shelterless. Strolling along High Street, they saw two new build-

ings going up on the University campus, and concluded that one of these,

the new Museum of Geology, was now to be their lodging. And thus did

the Society find a haven in Orton Hall.

At this stage of its growth, the Society's collection catalogued and

rearranged after it had been brought from the Chicago Fair back home,

consisted of 7,560 specimens filling eight large combination wall cases, and

was largely the result of such liberal private givers as Harness Renick of

Circleville and others who gave their entire collections to the central organi-

zation. Professor Warren K. Moorehead, then our curator, in his first re-

port, said that he had numerous samples of pottery for exchange provided

those offered were good, worthy specimens. He had cleaned and relabeled all

specimens, he reported, which, with recent gifts, now amounted to 10,000.

He had also made an extensive trip about Ohio and located 3,000 mounds,

and expected to find from 3,000 to 4,000 more the next year.

3 Ohio Laws (Columbus, Ohio), LXXXVIII (1891), 932.

4 Washington Gladden, "Francis Charles Sessions," in Ohio State Archaeological

and Historical Society Quarterly, IV (1895), 310.

5 Washington Gladden, "Rutherford Birchard Hayes," ibid., IV (1895), 389.

PROCEEDINGS                           381

In December, 1896, Professor Moorehead reported that about 22,000

specimens had been added to the existing collection, that he had delivered

fifteen lectures in Ohio cities, that he had been given editorial space in

100 newspapers, and that the State's archaeological map now showed 6,000

separate locations of prehistoric villages, mounds and forts. But adequate

space was needed for the Society's growing library, which was still in

boxes in the basement of the State House.

A word should be said about the publications of the Society. Eight

numbers of the QUARTERLY were issued, and thereafter for a time, material

was allowed to accumulate till enough was on hand to form a volume. Such

volumes were issued irregularly, so that only five appeared in the first ten

years of the Society's existence. Then in 1895, Professor Warren K.

Moorehead, of the Society, who had for two years previousy been editor

of the Archaeologist, a small magazine edited in Indiana, proposed that this

magazine   become the official organ of the Society. The suggestion was

adopted, the Society agreeing to pay Moorehead $25.00 monthly for twenty

pages in each issue. This plan was followed for nine issues, the Archaeolo-

gist being then edited in Columbus, until it was sold to Popular Science

News, which for the rest of the year, that is, till the expiration of the

agreement, was the Society's official organ. But shortly after this we went

back to the original plan of issuing a quarterly magazine to be bound in

regular annual volumes, and this plan was followed down to last year, when

the practice of binding the quarterlies into volumes was discontinued. ...

A few centennial celebrations marked the early years of the Society's

then "new home." Such was that at Greenville, August 3, 1895. "It is a

rich inheritance," said the future President, William McKinley, who ad-

dressed the gathering, "to any community to have in its keeping historic

ground."⁶ The Hon. Samuel F. Hunt also spoke entertainingly on the

"Treaty of Greenville," along with W. J. Gilmore and others. On August

24-26 of 1897 came the "Centennial of Jefferson County," at Steubenville.

This festive occasion also in honor of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stan-

ton, a native son, aroused great interest in Ohio history.

On April third of 1897, Professor Warren K. Moorehead resigned as

curator and was succeeded by Mr. Clarence Loveberry. On his retirement

Professor Moorehead went to Arizona to build up his health, where he

made studies in local archaeology. Loveberry did some interesting and use-

ful field work in the summer of 1897, classifying 3,292 earth or stone

remains according to kind, visiting the Snake Den group in Ashville, the

"Carriage Factory Mound" in Chillicothe, and other spots, at one place

being obliged to promise to turn over to a certain farmer all the gold and

silver found in a mound on his premises. At the Annual Meeting on Feb-

ruary 24, 1898, Professor Moorehead vigorously protested at the "poaching

upon our preserves" done by other out-State societies, especially in Adams,

Pickaway, and Fairfield Counties. This out-State poaching was one reason

among others for the formation and perpetuation of our Society and the

reason is as good today as then.

In 1898 the family of Rutherford B. Hayes made a proposition to the

Society concerning the acquiring of Spiegel Grove, the estate of the late

President, a beautiful old house set in charming grounds in Fremont, Ohio.

But the Society did not feel it could then take the responsibility, although

at the Annual Meeting of May 1, 1899, President Brinkerhoff had urged

6 William McKinley, "Address Delivered at Greenville, Ohio, August 3, 1895,"

ibid., VII (1899), 217.

382     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

the Society to accept the offer. The matter of Spiegel Grove was left

open for a later time.

At the same meeting William C. Mills, then curator, reported on the

19,000 specimens in the Museum, including rare finds of copper workman-

ship from Fort Ancient, there being only one other of similar value, located

in the Museum of Madison, Wisconsin. Also at this meeting memorial

services were held for Professor Edward Orton who had regularly par-

ticipated in the Society's meetings and activities, and written articles for

the QUARTERLY for many years.

On October 8, 1900, the great archaeological monument known as Ser-

pent Mound was deeded over to the Society by the generosity of the Pea-

body Museum at Harvard, on condition that the Society take care of it.

A legislative appropriation in March made such care possible. . . . Highly

interesting too, from the historical outlook, was the centennial held on

September 29, 1898, at Gnadenhutten, in which the Society participated ex-

tensively. Especially valuable was the archaeological exhibit of the So-

ciety at the Pan-American Exposition held in Buffalo in 1901. "Ohio Day"

was celebrated at the exposition on July eighteenth, when the pure white

marble building housing the large exhibit seemed more than ordinarily con-

spicuous. Governor George K. Nash and Hon. D. J. Ryan, and others

spoke. Eight thousand specimens comprised our exhibit among which was

the fine reproduction of the whole "Baum" prehistoric village. This exhibit

did much toward giving our Society national prominence.

The secretary at the Annual Meeting on April 26, 1901, noted that ade-

quate quarters were still lacking. He reported having visited various State

Societies and found all of them better housed and sheltered than that of

Ohio. At the same meeting, Curator Mills reported many donations to

the Museum and Library.

In the summer of 1901, excavations were made at Adena Mound, one

and one-half miles from Chillicothe, located centrally in the monuments,

with "Mound City" to the North. Very interesting discoveries were made.

The Society now had a budget of $11,000. It had received the Adams

Collection from Portsmouth, one of the best in the State, which along

with others, emphasized the need of adequate quarters.

On September 25, 1902, was held the "Lebanon Centennial," in Ham-

ilton County, with an oration by Professor W. H. Venable. This was only

a prelude, so to speak, to the larger Ohio Centennial held at Chillicothe,

May 20, 21, of 1903. State commissioners previously appointed by Gov-

ernor Nash cooperated with the Society to make the affair a success,

although it had to be staged on a legislative appropriation of $10,000.

General J. Warren Kiefer was chairman of the Committee, which

decided to confine its exercises to an educational and historical program.

Governor K. Nash, Hon. Judson Harmon, Secretary [Emilius O.] Randall,

Hon. Marcus A. Hanna, and President W. O. Thompson of Ohio State

University, participated.

The years 1903 and 1904 were marked by the passing away of many

old members, such as A. R. McIntire, William T. McClintick of Chilli-

cothe; H. R. Pool, A. N. Whitney, Governor Charles Foster of Fostoria,

Governor Asa S. Bushnell of Springfield, and Marcus A. Hanna, all of

whom had been active members in the Society.

In the summer of 1904, Dr. William C. Mills, then curator, took charge

of the Society's exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exhibition at Saint Louis.

Here he defended as a work of art a small clay effigy of an Ohio Mound,

about eight inches long, against the humorous jibes of newspaper men, Dr.

PROCEEDINGS                           383

Mills declaring that "it is a faithful picture . . . of the antiquity of the

human race, and a constant reminder of the strange people who lived on

this Continent even before the day of the American Indian."7 Ohio Day

at St. Louis was held October sixth with Governor Myron T. Herrick and

others making speeches.

All this was true progress and was thus described by President

Brinkerhoff at the interesting annual meeting held June 2, 1905. Profes-

sor Archer B. Hulbert believed that the Society should strengthen its his-

torical collection, and Professor Frederick Starr, the eminent ethnologist of

Chicago, spoke interestingly, praising the work of the Society. The next

day, the delegates went on excursion to Fort Ancient. In August of 1905,

Big Bottom Park on the Muskingum River, the site of the terrible Indian

massacre of 1791, was formally transferred to the Society, and September

thirtieth was the scene of public exercises, with 4,000 people present.

On August second of the next year the Fremonters held their

[George]Croghan celebration and practically the entire QUARTERLY for

January, 1907, was devoted to Croghan and his heroic defense of Fort

Stephenson. "The people of Fremont were greatly pleased with the co-

operation given . . . by the Society," wrote the editor of the ceremonial.

"Ohio Day at the Jamestown Exposition," was held on September 11, 1907,

where the Ohio Exhibit in the History Building received the highest award

--the gold medal. The David Zeisberger Centennial was held November

20, 1908, at Goshen; a descendant of the original John Heckewelder spoke

as did also Professor Wright, Professor Hulbert and others. On Novem-

ber 27, 28, 1908, at the second annual meeting of the Ohio Valley His-

torical Association, Secretary E. O. Randall, of our Society, presided over

the seven sessions on which program were outstanding speakers from lead-

ing Ohio colleges and universities.

"The gift to the State of Ohio and our Society of Spiegel Grove at

Fremont, the beautiful homestead of Rutherford B. Hayes, is one of the

most interesting, commendable, and generous gifts of recent years."⁸ At

the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting, Secretary Randall explained why this

was the big event for the Society in 1909. A permanent committee was

at the time set up to work out details and to take care of the property, con-

sisting of Messrs. [Caleb H.] Gallup, Ryan, [Edwin F.] Wood and Randall.

This matter of Spiegel Grove was after considerable time and effort solved

satisfactorily to all. The grove had been donated on condition that the

Society should erect a fireproof building to house the unusually rich Hayes

private library of Americana. In April of 1911, Mr. Andrew Carnegie

offered $60,000, provided a county circulating library be erected for San-

dusky County; but the terms could not be met. The General Assembly

representing all the people came to the rescue, appropriating $40,000 for

the building at Spiegel Grove, and $10,000 for upkeep. On June 14, 1912,

Governor Judson Harmon approved all appropriations.

In 1908 the Society had about 100,000 specimens, mostly archaeological,

including many of great historical value, duly catalogued in the Museum

room, then housed in Page Hall, on the campus of the Ohio State Uni-

versity. The library contained 3,000 volumes. By 1911 the collection had

grown to include 150,000 relics and 6,000 volumes.

The Legislature set apart $100,000 to build the much needed new home

for the great collection of archaeology and history. No adverse vote or

7 Emilius Oviatt Randall, "Editorialana," ibid., XIII (1904), 396.

8 Lucy Elliot Keeler, "Spiegel Grove, the Home of Rutherford B. Hayes," ibid.,

XVIII (1909), 345.

384     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

criticism was recorded as these measures went through; and the Society's

sincere thanks and appreciation went to Senator Thomas A. Dean of Fre-

mont, and Governor Harmon for their foresight and support. On Septem-

ber 12, 1912, the corner stone was laid, Mr. J. N. Bradford, the architect

for the Dawson Construction Company, being present, with Professor

Wright, D. J. Ryan, J. W. Harmer and others.

From August 26 to September 1, 1912, the Ohio-Columbus Centennial

was held, with an elaborate program including addresses and parades in

which were floats depicting Ohio and Columbus early history. Of more

direct interest to the Society, however, was the ceremony upon the acquisi-

tion of Logan Elm Park, in October, 1912. In the fall of the previous year,

efforts were made to negotiate for the site of the park six miles south of

Circleville in Pickaway County. Finally the old historic elm and sufficient

acreage for a park were procured through the earnest efforts of Mrs.

Mary McMahon Jones, a member of the Society. A number of Indians

came down from a convention in Columbus and participated in the dedi-

cation ceremony, October 2, 1912, the anniversary date of the Lord Dun-

more Treaty.

On May 9 of 1913, Henry C. Shetrone, our present efficient director,

became identified with the Society. A newspaper man at the time, Mr.

Shetrone, from extensive digging in the mounds and from wide outside

study for twenty years, was to make himself one of the country's authori-

ties on the Mound Builders. September 10, 1913, the Centennial of Perry's

Victory was celebrated with exercises at Put-in-Bay and addresses by

Professor Wright, William Howard Taft, former President and later

Chief Justice of the United States, and James A. McDonald of Canada.

On July 27 of the same year, 1913, came the Centennial Celebration of

the Siege of Fort Meigs, at Perrysburg, the principal exercises being held

in a deep ravine on the Pioneer Association property immediately east of

the old breastworks, with addresses by the late Timothy S. Hogan, then

Attorney-General of Ohio, and others. On August second following was

celebrated Croghan's victory at Fremont, in honor of that young officer's

heroic defense of Fort Stephenson on the Lower Sandusky River, claimed

to be "the one successful land battle" of the War of 1812. Here as at the

other celebrations and historical gatherings, the Society cooperated heartily

with the local citizens and authorities.

Memorial Day, May 30, 1914, was a great day, a day of joy, a datum

post for the Society, the Dedication of the Ohio State Archaeological and

Historical Society Museum and Library Building. This was held on a

Saturday, in the rotunda of the new building on High Street at Fifteenth

Avenue, a strategic and impressive location for the Society's new home.

Professor Wright spoke first, followed by Secretary Randall who gave us

a "running chronicle" of the history of the Society. "Its great work," said

the secretary, "was the interest in archaeology and history it has brought

about in the State of Ohio." Our curator, Dr. Mills, aptly characterizing

the new building as "purely classic in structure with restrained beauty and

dignity, built substantially yet so economically." After this ex-Governor

James E. Campbell spoke as did also Hon. D. J. Ryan. Professor Isaac J.

Cox, then professor of history at the University of Cincinnati, delivered

the dedicatory address.

From its birth the home of the Society had been the capital city of

Ohio. Now that the Society was at last housed in adequate permanent

quarters, . ..   renewed growth was confidently expected  . ...

A great event was the dedication of the Rutherford B. Hayes Me-

PROCEEDINGS                           385

morial at Spiegel Grove on May 16, 1916, at Fremont, with Governor

Frank B. Willis, President Wright, former Governor Campbell, and

Secretary of War Newton D. Baker on the program.

At the Thirty-first Annual Meeting, November 27, 1916, Curator Mills

spoke on the growth of the Library, stating that when he had taken charge

of it in 1900 there were only 260 volumes, but that there were now (No-

vember, 1916) 12,000, and that the Library had grown mostly without a

dollar of expense, by gifts and exchanges, and including a larger collection

of county histories than the State Library.

On September 28, of 1917, Secretary Randall reported that the site

of Fort Laurens in Tuscarawas County had been secured for the Society.

This was a very important acquisition. On September 25, 1918, a year

later, the Secretary reported that the site of the old Campus Martius in

Marietta had been acquired by the Society. By a curious coincidence, the

days on which the various steps in the transaction had been consummated

were days of particular interest. The bill authorizing the purchase of the

site was signed, for example, on Mayflower Day (April 7, 1917) by Gov-

ernor James M. Cox. On Armistice Day (November 11, 1918), the Ohio

Legislative Committee filed report of the purchase, and payment was made

on February 14, 1919, Saint Valentine's Day. Mr. Lewis Schaus, visiting

the site, reported the house of General [Rufus] Putnam in poor condition.

A standing committee was at once appointed consisting of Messrs. Camp-

bell, Mills, Randall, and Schaus to devise ways and means to care for the

house. A museum was erected later on this site in Marietta, and when a

second wing was built, it completely enclosed the house of General Putnam.

The policy of the museum at Marietta has been to keep strictly to history

and relics of the community's early life. On September 21, of 1921, came

the ceremony of the Unveiling of the Tablet at Campus Martius, described

locally as "one of the most brilliant functions ever given in Marietta."

The new secretary, Charles Burleigh Galbreath, accepted the tablet in the

name of the Society, and a scholarly address was delivered by Dr. Edwin

Erle Sparks of State College, Pennsylvania.

We were engaged in the World War at the time the new building

was a year old. In February, 1918, Governor Cox appointed the Ohio

Historical Commission as the official State agency to preserve memorials

of Ohio's part in the war, with a personnel composed mostly from col-

leges and universities. Immediately the Society actively cooperated with

the commission which had its headquarters in the new building and planned

to lodge its collections in the Library of the Society. The commission

declared progress would have been impossible without the help of the

Society and its able secretary. In August, 1919, Mr. W. Ferrand Felch

reported afresh upon the matter, stating that county histories of partici-

pation in the Great War could be written only with the aid of the archives

collected by the State commission.

Secretary Emilius Oviatt Randall passed away December 18, 1919,

having served the Society in that office twenty-five consecutive years. At

a special meeting of the trustees (March 16, 1920) Mr. Charles B. Gal-

breath was chosen secretary to fill the vacancy.

The work of the Society in the new building was on a new footing,

and could go on with increasing vigor, and the building up and organization

of a staff for broader and deeper archaeological and historical research.

An interesting ceremony was held on October 4, 1920, when a soldiers'

memorial tablet was unveiled at Spiegel Grove in Fremont. On a cloudless

day, with thousands of people present, ex-Governor James E. Campbell

386     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

presiding, and the then United States Senator, Warren G. Harding, and

others addressed the large crowd present.

At the 1920 Annual Meeting, Secretary Galbreath reported the munifi-

cent gift of the Miamisburg Mound, the largest conical shaped mound in

Ohio located near Miamisburg. Mr. Charles F. Kettering, a member of

the Society, purchased a farm of 200 acres to secure the mound and he

gave much more to provide a park at this unusual and valuable site.

In October of the next year (1921), President Wright died after

years of faithful service to the Society, and was succeeded as president

by Hon. James E. Campbell. At the Annual Meeting held October first,

1921, the secretary reported passage of an appropriation to defray the

expense of publishing the Diary and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes.

This was carried out, the work covering several fine volumes. The acqui-

sition known as the Claude Meeker Library of Ohioana, and the payment

for same from the proceeds of a war movie depicting the camp-life of the

American soldier, is of outstanding importance. At the next Annual

Meeting (September 9, 1922) we were advised of the series of celebrations

commemorating the Centennial of the Birth of General Ulysses S. Grant,

with addresses at Point Pleasant by Warren G. Harding, President of the

United States; at Bethel by Hon. Frank B. Willis, and at Georgetown by

United States Senator Atlee Pomerene.

During the years 1922 to 1924, the Society participated in many color-

ful and interesting ceremonies, such as the observance of Ohio History Day

at Logan Elm Park (October 2, 1922); the Centenary Celebration of Ruth-

erford B. Hayes at Spiegel Grove (October 4, 1922); the Celebration of

the One Hundred and Thirtieth Anniversary of the Battle at Fort St.

Clair (November 6, 1922), with the unveiling of a boulder monument and

bronze tablet; a patriotic celebration on June 13, 1923, at Logan Elm Park,

under the auspices of the Daughters and Sons of the American Revolution,

principal address being that of United States Senator Simeon D. Fess;

and on August 8, 1924, the George Rogers Clark monument was unveiled

near Springfield, Ohio, the site of the Battle of Piqua.

December 17, 1924, the president of the Society, James E. Campbell,

passed away, after a long and useful life of eighty-one years. On his

death tributes came pouring in. His work for the Society had been very

helpful, especially when presenting matters to the General Assembly. He

did not live to see carried out his wish that a heroic statue of a doughboy

be placed at the entrance to the Museum and Library. On April 10, 1925,

Arthur Charles Johnson was chosen his successor.

In December, 1925, it was reported in the QUARTERLY, "The new wing

presents a very dignified appearance at the main entrance to the University

grounds."  This doubled the capacity of the Museum, and its completion

and dedicatory ceremonies were at the time awaited with the greatest

interest, in that with the new wing bright hopes were anticipated for the

Society and its future use to the people of Ohio.

The World War Memorial Wing was dedicated April 6, 1926. In

spite of bad weather, a large assembly heard and saw the beautiful cere-

mony.   "The timely appreciative words of welcome of Governor Vic

Donahey" and the brief, eloquent speeches of Judge Benson W. Hough,

Lieutenant Colonel Ralph D. Cole, and the dedicatory address of Congress-

man Theodore E. Burton, were "among the most impressive ever delivered

on the grounds of Ohio State University." Professor Wilbur H. Siebert

presided. Short talks were delivered by President Arthur Charles Johnson

of the Society; Dr. Alexander C. Flick, head of the New York State

PROCEEDINGS                           387

Division of Archives, and Wallace B. Cathcart, director of Western

Reserve Historical Society.

Although the housing of the Society was not fully realized the addi-

tion of the Memorial Wing was truly a splendid start in a still wider

range of work.

In February, 1927, a meeting of unique interest was held in the

audience room of the enlarged Society building, a joint session of the

Society and the Columbus McGuffey Society at which there was placed

in the McGuffey Alcove over one hundred volumes of the famous school

readers . . . collected and donated by the McGuffey Society of Columbus.

Director William C. Mills, died on January 17, 1928. He was the

author of Certain Mounds and Village Sites in four volumes, the Archaeo-

logical Atlas of Ohio, and numerous other articles and writings. He was

and is widely known as a practical and experienced archaeologist. His

long and faithful service of nearly thirty years will ever be remembered.

In 1928 Henry C. Shetrone was elected director to succeed Dr. Mills;

Harlow Lindley was chosen curator of history after leaving his work as

librarian at Spiegel Grove, and Dr. Emerson F. Greenman was named to

succeed Mr. Shetrone as curator of archaeology.

The selection of Dr. Greenman made it possible to complete a useful

archaeological exploration which had been begun in 1925. The examination

of the great central tumulus of the Seip Mound group occupied four

successive summers from 1925 to 1928. Mr. Shetrone was in charge of

the work three seasons, and Dr. Greenman the fourth and last.

At the trustees meeting in January, 1929, it was agreed to accept an

accumulation of . . . documents which for many years had been stored

... in the basement of the State House. . . . These documents, which

constitute the State archives of Ohio, are in the custody of the Society

by Legislative enactment.

At the meeting of May 4, 1929, Dr. F. C. Furniss of the trustees said,

"A survey, observation and study of the park system of other states has

convinced us that we have paid too little attention to the park system of

the State of Ohio, Ohio in this respect ranking third from the bottom."

This admission of Ohio's backwardness has brought about a real park

system  and Ohio's standing has much improved.     Commendation was

expressed concerning "the work of Secretary Galbreath, who had con-

ceived the idea of making our great and growing collection of Ohio

newspapers at all times available for use and that the necessary legislation

had been secured to put the project under way."

On September 14, 1929, Ohio's monument to General "Mad" Anthony

Wayne of Revolutionary fame was unveiled. The ceremony was held on

an elevation overlooking the scene of his victory near Maumee, Ohio,

where the Battle of Fallen Timbers was fought in August, 1794. Five

thousand people composing the audience heard addresses by President

Johnson of the Society, Governor Myers Y. Cooper and others. The

director of the Society presided.

The new South Wing to the building was completed and ready in

1928, which was indeed a welcome addition for the ever expanding work

of the Society.

The Ohio History Conference (February 7, 1930), held in the now

completed building of the Society, was an important gathering. The con-

ference was called "in order to formally launch the new and enlarged

program of the . . . Society," to use the words of Dr. Harlow Lindley.

Dr. Benjamin F. Shambaugh of the Iowa Historical Society was the

388     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

principal speaker and opened the discussion, the audience being representa-

tive of the entire State.

"A chorus of cordial appreciation" greeted the appearance of the

restored mound builder "The Pre-historic Sculptor" in 1930, and who now

has a mate, "The Basket Maker." The restored prehistoric pair are most

life-like and present to the spectator a concrete ethnologic study as well as

inspiration.

From February to Thanksgiving of 1932, the Bicentennial of the

Birth of General George Washington was celebrated with various programs

at points along the Ohio River, some of the ceremonies being very in-

structive and picturesque, the results of which brought and continue to

bring to light valuable historic facts unknown before, many of which had

been thought lost forever.

Our newspaper library, the brain-child of Secretary Galbreath and

the zeal of his able assistant, Mr. Harold G. Simpson, . . . was becoming a

wonderful collection in 1930 with 18,000 volumes, and in April, 1933, it

was reported to contain 24,800 volumes, and at this time it has reached the

enormous figure of 33,000 volumes. This repository is "by far the largest

collection of Ohio newspapers in the world." It is known as the Charles

Burleigh Galbreath Newspaper Library and is being constantly used by

students, research workers, teachers, and the public. It also contains hun-

dreds of volumes of newspapers from other states as well as foreign

countries, some dating back to the 1600's.

The historical work of the Society is one of its major activities.

The circulating loan collections in archaeology, mineralogy, history, and

natural history and general service to the public schools of Ohio, together

with radio talks, have and are engaging the attention of our secretary and

director and their experienced assistants.

The State Parks and their supervision have become a department

under the able management of Mr. Harry R. McPherson. At this time

the Society has charged to its care more than thirty parks. The founders

of the Society could not have dreamed that the then infant Society would

or could be made to cover the immense field it now does.

That the Society has made marvelous progress during the fifty years

of its existence none can deny. It has merited the absolute right to live

so long as the nation and the State exist. Aside from the class-work in

the schools, colleges and universities, it is the great State agency for the

instruction of all the people in the archaeology and history of their own

State and nation  There is no instrument so well adapted and equipped for

carrying on this form of popular and universal education as our own Ohio

State Archaeological and Historical Society. Such an organization inspires

archaeological explorations, accumulates archives, collects reminiscences

from pioneers, amasses data relative to social and economic history and

present conditions, conducts a well-selected historical and ethnological mu-

seum that shall be representative of the locality, arranges for popular

lectures on these subjects from rostrum and radio, conducts historical

pilgrimages and commemorative celebrations, influences school and library

boards, interests and instructs teachers and librarians, displays exhibits of

its discoveries, relics, specimens and collections at world's fairs, expositions

and centennials, furnishes writers, magazines and newspapers with accurate

historic and related data, publishes pamphlets, magazines and books con-

taining reports of the work of research workers, lecturers, celebrations,

commemorations and discoveries, and in general awakens within the locality

and region which it represents an active and enduring historical conscious-

PROCEEDINGS                           389

ness. We assert without fear of contradiction that our Society after fifty

years has been and is now doing all this and more.

The author of this discourse is not an archivist nor a historian, but

it seems to him that the cardinal principle underlying the collecting, ar-

ranging, classifying, preserving and displaying of every such society as ours

should be the preservation of every book and pamphlet printed in and

every specimen, relic and memento discovered or found in the State which

the Society represents. Only in this way can the full and true history and

archaeology of the State--the story of its political, social, economic, edu-

cational, and scientific achievement--be traced and recorded. It will be

noted that in such a comprehensive scheme, nothing is worthless. It does

not matter how small and insignificant a crude artifact or how old or

apparently useless a book may be, it should be examined and investigated

by skilled persons and if found useful for the purpose of such a society,

studied, catalogued and placed in its proper environment. We must ever

keep in mind that the only way properly and fully to understand the

present is by a knowledge of the past, that is, that part of the past that

is germane to the present problem to be understood and interpreted. It

will therefore be seen that the past plays a very large part indeed in the

lives of peoples, states and nations.

Today we should recall the labors and works of not only the many

that have passed from among us, but also the efforts and enterprise of

those still with us in carrying out the purpose of our Society, well remem-

bering that in a paper of this scope, it is impossible to record them all.

We can but refer you to the records of the Society. We have been

blessed with men of great ability who have served us, and in the great

majority of instances they have been kept in their respective offices until

ill-health or death removed them. Such men as United States Senator

and Judge of the Ohio Supreme Court Allen G. Thurman, popularly

known as the "Old Roman," was our first president; Francis C. Sessions

was our second; President of the United States Rutherford B. Hayes was

our third; General Roeliff Brinkerhoff, also one time judge of the Ohio

Supreme Court, was our fourth and served us faithfully nineteen years.

Professor G. Frederick Wright of Oberlin University began his presidency

in 1912, and was succeeded by Hon. James E. Campbell in 1919, a former

governor of our State.   President Campbell served us six years. No

ex-presidents of our Society survive. In 1925 our present genial, energetic

and far-seeing Arthur Charles Johnson, was chosen as executive head of

our Society and is still ably leading us to greater accomplishments. The

period of his incumbency is an outstanding decade of Society progress in

spite of the handicaps of a world-wide depression. We congratulate him,

as we also do the official family and corps that serve under and with him.

In fifty long years we have had but four secretaries, three of whom have

left us. The first, Albert A. Graham, who gave the best that was in, him

until his death in 1894. The next was that vigorous and penetrating

personality, who never overlooked anything that would benefit the Society,

the Hon. Emilius Oviatt Randall, whose record of service spans a quarter

of a century. Professor Charles Burleigh Galbreath took up the duties

of secretary in 1920, and he, too, served until his death, February 23, 1934,

a period of fourteen years. He was a great secretary and editor, a student,

a historian "to the manner born," a plodder, a man whose interest in the

Society and its future was always uppermost in his mind. His articles,

editorials and notes appearing in the QUARTERLY and Museum Echoes have

never been surpassed. . . . President Johnson and Secretary Galbreath

390     OHIO ARCH AEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

were a great team when they made up their minds to accomplish some-

thing for the Society. We here point to but a few of the outstanding

fruits of their work:

The Newspaper Library of 33,000 volumes, estimated to be worth

$200,000; the Sargent Letters; the Venable Letter Collection; the John

Brown Collection of relics and manuscripts; the Joshua R. Giddings Col-

lection of letters and manuscripts; the Private Library of the historian,

Henry Howe; Dr. W. C. Mills Private Library; the Journal of the North-

west Territory  . . . ; Silver Service of the Battleship Ohio . . . ; the

Dawson Ornithological Collection: the Private Library of the late Hon.

Daniel J. Ryan . . . ; and the Genealogical Library of the "Old North-

west" Genealogical and Historical Society.

We should not neglect to mention that another and new department

has been added to that of the founders, that known as the Department of

Natural History, which has come into being during the administration of

our present president, Arthur Charles Johnson. We here record the faith-

ful and efficient work and service of Dr. Harlow Lindley, our present

secretary, of Mr. Henry C. Shetrone, our present director, of Edward S.

Thomas, curator of the Department of Natural History, of Dr. William

D. Overman, curator of History, of Howard R. Goodwin, our registrar and

artist, as well as the sincere and efficient helpers that assist them and

other faithful ones, all of whom have played and continue to play their

part to bring to fruition the aims and purposes of the Society.

On April 7, 1788, the forty-eight persons composing the Ohio Company

arrived in their boat, The Mayflower, at the point now known as Marietta

and there landed after floating down the Ohio River. Marietta became the

capital of the Northwest Territory, out of which our own State of Ohio,

was the first born. The Northwest Territory Centennial was duly cele-

brated the week of April 7, 1888. Our Society was but three years old

then. Although so young it took a very active interest and part in the

celebration and helped very materially in making the centennial the great

success it was. It is only three years until April 7, 1938, on which date it

will have been 150 years since the settlement of the Northwest Territory.

May it not be well that our Society keep this in mind to the end that our

Society, which in 1888 was a mere infant, but now a matured giant and

tower of strength, again take an active and leading part and make the

sesquicentennial of Ohio and the Northwest Territory an outstanding ex-

position and exhibition from every point of view. Without a doubt

Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, also children of the Northwest

Territory, would participate. Now that we have the records and collec-

tions in the way of relics, manuscripts, documents, specimens, books and

artifacts the educational advantage and value of an up to the minute

Northwest Territory sesquicentennial exhibit would be tremendous and

give effective impetus to archaeological and historical exploration and re-

search probably greater than at any former time in the Society's history.

On this Anniversary day we become sensible of the legacies bequeathed

to us--become sensible of our might, our accomplishments, our progress.

We can truthfully say our aims and purposes were not and have not been

in vain. We can justly feel proud of our achievements, not unmindful of

our humble beginning and of being compelled to realize that we have, both

literally and figuratively, but scratched the surface. We come, not to

boast. We, however, sincerely express our appreciation and gratitude for

those conditions by which that beginning was surrounded and on account

of which all that has since followed has been made possible. The work

PROCEEDINGS                           391

of the Society is a work which never rests, which is never finished. Its

law is progress. An objective which was yesterday invisible is its goal

today and will be its starting-post tomorrow. What the next half century

has in store we cannot say; but we can feel sure that if the progress during

the next fifty years approximates that of our first fifty years, those of our

posterity who celebrate the centennial of the Society in 1985, will be able

then to record accomplishments and progress inconceivable to us this

Golden Anniversary Day. Were it possible for the founders to be with us

today and walk with us through the building, the Museum, the Library,

and with us inspect our collections and records, they, in one voice, would

doubtless declare, "When we founded the Society away back in 1885, it

was then inconceivable to us that such great accomplishments and progress

were possible." Those of us who may survive and attend the centennial

in 1985, will truly say of the then Society, "Your growth, your accomplish-

ments and your progress are and have been indeed marvellous."

Each century of human history is marked by a train of extraordinary

events, characterized by its own exclusive spirit, which by inter-related

activity gives birth to its own family offspring of ideas, and bequeaths to

after-ages a heritage of distinctive, instructive lessons.

We are glad to be here. We are thankful that there is such a Society

as ours, its work and its first Half Century of Progress.

Mr. Carlisle was followed by Major Norman A. Imrie, of

Columbus, whose subject was "Some Lions I Have Met."⁹ Fol-

lowing these two addresses, the bronze memorial plaque of

Charles Burleigh Galbreath was unveiled, commemorating his

services in developing the newspaper library of the Society which

has been designated as the Charles Burleigh Galbreath Newspaper

Collection. Mr. Harold G. Simpson, newspaper librarian of the

Society, delivered the following appropriate address, and Miss

Jean Wyker, a grand-niece of Mr. Galbreath, unveiled the plaque:

Mr. Chairman, and Ladies and Gentlemen:

I have great pleasure in saying something on this occasion honoring

Mr. Galbreath, because of the personal pride I have long felt in being

intimately associated with him, and in helping him as I could, in the task

of building up, organizing and administering the great library of newspapers

that henceforth is to bear his name, commemorated by this beautiful

plaque.

The vision of it all was before his eyes for years before it began to

take form. He had always had a deep understanding and appreciation of

the value of newspapers as first-hand, original sources of the facts of

history. In the many years when he was the State librarian of Ohio he

regarded the newspapers under his charge as among the library's most

precious possessions, and he was always in quest--very often in successful

quest--of treasures which could be incorporated in it.

When he became secretary and librarian here circumstances were not

conducive to the establishment of the institution which he had in mind.

9 Because of the general nature of this address Major Imrie preferred that it

be not published.

392     OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

For one thing, it would require expensive equipment, and this was not

attainable. But, believing that eventually his dream would come true, he

early began to take measures which would lay the foundation upon which

to build when the favorable time should come. Thus, for example, he

secured from the General Assembly of Ohio the passage of a law which

would make it possible to bring to this building the many thousands of

volumes of papers which had been accumulating for more than seventy-five

years in the various county seats of the State, under provision of an early

law which required that they should be so accumulated. And thus, for

instance again, he secured from the trustees of the State Library an agree-

ment under which the magnificent collection of newspapers deposited there

should be transferred to the care of this Society. And thus, for instance

once again, Mr. Galbreath aroused the sincere, helpful, interest of local

librarians who had collections of their own, of publishers who had long

files of their papers, and of associates and others among his wide ac-

quaintance with worth-while people throughout the State.

Ten years ago, the seeds which he had planted had germinated and

were ready to bear fruit. The library was at that time non-existent, but

it was found that the steps he had taken were giant strides, and the actual,

visible, available reality grew quickly to become a feature of great power.

Ten years is a very short time in which to have attained the present

results. We have approximately 33,000 volumes of newspapers. Counting

mere numbers of volumes the Library stands among the four largest

in the United States. But of far greater importance and significance is

this: that it constitutes a truly wonderful supply, with which no other can

remotely compare, of the first sources of information as to the history of

Ohio as a State. The supply covers the whole span of the State's exist-

ence and of ten years before, for we have files of the first small paper

published in the Northwestern Territory, in 1793, and we have files of the

constantly and rapidly growing list of papers on down to those which

came rushing from many great printing presses this morning.

As it is the aim of this Society to "tell the story of Ohio," the value

of the newspaper collection conceived and founded by Mr. Galbreath cannot

be overestimated or overstated.

As the coming generations succeed one another the Charles Burleigh

Galbreath Library of newspapers will grow and grow, in size and useful-